Design Optimization

CANTILEVER BEAM - 7.10

By GROUP 4:
1. Ahmat Safaat (02111850080005)
2. Raynaldo Cheltiel Mahubessy (02111850080012)
3. Buntheng Chhorn (02111850087002)
Problem 7.10
Given
• Modulus of elasticity, G = 200 GPa
• Shear modulus, G = 70 GPa
• Load, P = 140 kN
• Load angle, θ = 45 degree
• Beam length, L = 1.5 m
Constraint
• Maximum Equivalent Stress (Von Mises) = 130 MPa
• Maximum deflection should not exceed 15 mm
• Limitation b ≥ 100 mm, t1 ≤ 10 mm, t2 ≤ 15 mm, h ≤ 150
Objective
• Formulate and Solve minimum weight
Useful Equation

Beam Weight Moment

Wbeam = f (t1 , t 2 , b, h ) M = P sin ( )L
= AL

Cross-sectional Area Neutral Axis

h + 2t1
A = 2bt1 + ht 2 c=
2

Inertia Shear Stress

I=
1
12
(
b(h + 2t1 ) − bh 3 + t 2 h 3
3
)  xy =
P sin 
A
Useful Equation

Bending and Axial Stress Principle Stress

M .c P cos   x + y  x + y 
2
x = +  1, 2 = +   +  xy2
I A 2  2 
y =0

Equivalent Stress Deflection

P sin ( )L3
 eq =  12 +  22 −  1 2 =
3EI
 eq  130MPa   15mm
Result

Changing Optimization Process

Variable MATLAB Excel Solver Solidworks
b 798.3421 798.3448 -
t1 10 10 - After several Design
t2 0 0 - Study, Solidwork failed
h 150 150 - to give feasible solution
Deflection [mm] 5.4422 5.4421 -
Eq Stress [MPa] 129.8388 129.9996 -
Weight [kg] 188.0096 188.0102 -
MATLAB Fmincon
function [c,ceq]=ellipseparabola2(x)

P = 140000; th = 45; L = 1500; E = 200000;

Px = P*cos(th*pi/180);
fun = @(x) 2*x(3)*x(1)+x(4)*x(2); Py = P*sin(th*pi/180);
nonlcon = @ellipseparabola2; I = (1/12)*(x(3)*(x(4)+2*x(1))^3-
x0 = [6 6 151 101]; x(3)*x(4)^3+x(2)*x(4)^3);
A = []; % No other constraints A = 2*x(3)*x(1)+x(4)*x(2);
b = []; M = Py*L;
c = (x(4)+2*x(1))/2;
Aeq = [];
beq = []; sigma_x = M*c/I + Px/A;
lb = [0 0 100 0]; sigma_y = 0;
ub = [10 15 10000 150]; tau_xy = Py/A;
x = sigma_1 = ((sigma_x+sigma_y)/2)+
fmincon(fun,x0,A,b,Aeq,beq,lb,ub,nonlcon) sqrt(((sigma_x-sigma_y)/2)^2+tau_xy^2);
sigma_2 = ((sigma_x+sigma_y)/2)-
sqrt(((sigma_x-sigma_y)/2)^2+tau_xy^2);
x= sigma_eq = sqrt(sigma_1^2+sigma_2^2-sigma_1*sigma_2);
10.0000 0.0000 798.3421 150.0000 deflect = Py*L^3/(3*E*I);
A= 1.5967e+04
sigma_eq = 129.8388 c(1) = sigma_eq - 130;

deflect = 5.4422 c(2) = deflect - 15;

Volume = 2.3950e+07 ceq = [];
Weight = 188.0096 end
Excel Solver
Lock the value of t1 and t2
b ≥ 100 mm, t1 ≤ 10 mm, t2 ≤ 15 mm, h ≤ 150 b ≥ 100 mm, t1 = 10 mm, t2 = 15 mm, h ≤ 150
Constraint
Equivalent stress 129.9996 <= 130 Mpa
Deflection 5.4421 <= 15 mm
b 798.3448 >= 100 mm
t1 10.0000 <= 10 mm
t2 0.0000 <= 15 mm
h 150.0000 <= 150 mm

Objective
Weight 188.0102 kg

Eq Stress 130.0000 130.0000 130.0000 130.0000 130.0000

deflection 5.4441 5.4460 5.4480 5.4498 5.4517
b 795.8611 793.3840 790.9106 788.4409 785.9747
Try to change the value of t2 and
t1 10.0000 10.0000 10.0000 10.0000 10.0000
t2 1.0000 2.0000 3.0000 4.0000 5.0000
get different value of b. Solver has
h 150.0000 150.0000 150.0000 150.0000 150.0000 same result with MATLAB.
Weight 189.1915 190.3744 191.5582 192.7428 193.9283
Initial Condition
Material Properties

Boundary Conditions
Fixed Support

Load = 140kN
Simulation using
Initial parameter
Optimization Process
Var
Excel SW
def 32.6875 33.5374
Eq St 765.2757 854.0533
Weight 50.044 50.044

b = 100 mm,
t1 = 10 mm,
t2 = 15 mm,
h = 150 mm,
P = 140 kN
Px = 98.995 kN
Py = 98.995 kN
Excel to Solidworks Try to validate Parameter Excel Solidworks
Equivalent stress 129.9999 250.8088
solver’s result in
Solidwork Deflection 5.4756 8.3153
analysis b 590.5182 590.5
t1 10.0000 10
t2 15.0000 15
h 150.0000 150
Weight 165.5608 166.611
Solidworks to Excel

h = 150 t1 = 10 mm,
Constraint
Equivalent stress 97.4411 <= 130 Mpa
t2 ≤ 15 mm Deflection 4.0985 <= 15 mm
b 800.0000 >= 100 mm
b ≥ 100 mm
t1 10.0000 <= 10 mm
t2 15.0000 <= 15 mm
h 150.0000 <= 150 mm

Objective
Weight 214.8938 kg

Scenario 40 obtained from one of several Solidwork’s Design Study that has
smallest Equivalent Stress. Using parameter of the smallest equivalent
stress from Solidwork and calculated in Excel Solver.
Possibility of Local Stress
By simulation, for any load and beam has
large stress on certain point.
Conclusion

• Matlab and Excel Solver give same optimization result (feasible)

• Solidwork analysis gives different value of equivalent stress and deflection
• Solidwork has infeasible optimization result. (Due to larger load – 140 kN)
• Excel and Matlab give better result than Solidwork for this optimization
problem. It satisfied all of the constraint.
• Both Excel and Matlab didn’t give optimization result that meet the beam
standard.
THANK YOU
Find Inertia
I = I1 + I 2 + I 3
2
b
1 
I1 = bt1 + bt1  (h + t1 )
1 3
12 2 
I1 t1 1
I 2 = t2 h3
12
2
1 
I 3 = bt1 + bt1  (h + t1 )
t2 1 3
12 2 
I2 h
  
2

I = t 2 h + 2 bt1 + bt1  (h + t1 ) 
1 3 1 3 1
12  12  2  
 
= t 2 h + bt1 + bt1 (h + t1 )
1 3 1 3 1 2
I3
12 6 2
Solidworks result Equivalent stress
Constraint
97.4411 <= 130 Mpa
Deflection 4.0985 <= 15 mm
b 800.0000 >= 100 mm
t1 10.0000 <= 10 mm
Optimization result is infeasible t2 15.0000 <= 15 mm
h 150.0000 <= 150 mm

Objective
Weight 214.8938 kg
MD Solid
Deflection