Analytical Chemistry Laboratory II

Quantitative Analysis of Vitamin B1 with Alkalimetry Method

Fitri Samianingsih, Iftitah Silmi Kaffah, Khumairoh Nur Safira, Khurin Ainun Salsabila
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Darussalam Gontor

A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T

Vitamin B1 is a vitamin with a chemical structure C12H17CN4OS which is

Article history:
Received ---
included one of the types of vitamin B complex, so it is found in meats, yeast,
Accepted --- and grains. This Vitamin serves as a carbohydrate metabolism and also
Available online - normalizes nerve activity. This Vitamin is soluble in water, and in carbohydrate
metabolism makes sugar simpler and after that it can be used as a fuel energy
body. This experiment aims to determine the level of vitamin B1 in tablets using
Keywords: the method of Alkalimetri with using the blue thymol Brom indicator 0.04%.
Alkalimetry, Thiamin, Levels. Testing vitamin B1 levels by grinding vitamin B1 tablets and weighed up to 400
mg. Powder dissolved with 75 ml of CO2 free water in Erlenmeyer and plus 3
drops BTB indicator. The solution is in the administration with NaOH 0.1 N
which is alkaline 3 times. Further observed light blue color changes. Obtained by
the results of vitamin B1 in tablet I 8,43%, tablet II 0,84%, tablets III 0,046%,
So that the average rate of vitamin B1 400 mg is 3,10%.

1. Introduction number of grains, especially in the sprouts and rice

Vitamin is an additional component that plays a
very important role in human nutrition, synthetic
vitamins in the outside to replace the missing vitamins
and to control the flavor of the content in the food
(Deman, J. 1997). Vitamins are a group of small
molecular weighted organic compounds that have a
vital function in the metabolism of organisms.
Vitamin B1 or Thiamin is one of the vitamn that is
soluble in water. Thiamin consists of the Primidin
ring and the Thiazola ring (sulfur and nitrogen-
containing) connected by the Methylene bridge.
Vitamin B1 is a group of compounds with the main
ring of the diamond and compounds with the main
ring Tasol. Because of its role as a coenzyme in the
intermediary metabolism of alpha-keto acid and
carbohydrates, the thiamine is found in almost all
plants and animals.
In general, vitamin B1 plays an important role in
metabolism in the body, especially in the case of
energy release during the activity. The main source of
vitamin B1 comes from milk, wheat, fish and green
vegetables. Vitamin B1 consists of vitamins B1, B2,
B3, B5, B6, B7, B9 and B12. Vitamin B1 is a high
bran. (Deman, J., 1997).
Vitamin B1 has less stabilization levels, various
food processing operations can greatly reduce the
content of Vitamin B1 in foodstuffs. Heat, oxygen,
sulfur dioxide and neutral or alkaline pH may result in
the destruction of Vitamin B1 While the light does not
reduce this vitamin. Thiamin is a water soluble
vitamin that is stable in acidic and unstable error in
neutral or alkaline conditions. (Deman., J,1997).
Vitamin B1 can be determined by the various
methods that the selection depends on the dosage
form and effectiveness, one of which is the titration of
alkaline acids (alkalimetry). Alkalimetry with acid
base titration includes the reaction between hydrogen
ions derived from acid with hydroxide ions derived
from the base to produce a solution that is neutral.
Alkalimetri is the determination of the levels of acidic
compounds by using the base raw (Ibn Gholib, 207).
In determining the rate of vitamin B1 using the
method of alkalimetry because of the compound
thiamine HCl is an acidic compound. With the
presence of hydrochloride in thiamin hydrochloride
can be administered by sodium hydroxide 0.1 N using
blue Thymol Brom indicator. Bromotimol
 2

Sulfonftalein and BTB) are a pH indicator. This OBSERVATION DATA

compound is widely used in applications requiring Table 1
measuring substances that have a relatively neutral pH
(near 7). So thiamin can be assigned by a standard Mass tablets Aspirin
solution that is alkaline. In addition, hydrochloride in No Sample Burette scale Volume Aver
thiamin Hirochloride can be assigned with NaOH Volume Readings titration age
(Sudjadi, 2008). (mg) Starting End (ml)
point point
2. Research Methods 1 400 3 4 1 0,38
2.1 Tool
2 400 4 4,1 0,1
Erlenmeyer 100 ml 3 pieces, pipette drops, stir
3 400 4,1 4,15 0,05
bar, beaker glass 100 ml 1 piece, pumpkin measure
100 ml 1 piece, burette, clamp, statif, glass funnel,
CALCULATION
spatula, analytical scale, aluminium foil, lumpang and
Determination of Vitamin B1 levels
pestle, measuring cup, hot plate, spoon horn,
= V NaOH x N.NaOH x BE Sampel x 100%
analytical scales.
mg Sampel

2.2 Materials  Tablet 1

Aluminium foil, aquades, thiamin hydroxide, Blue = 1 ml x 0,1 x 337,3 x 100%
Thymol Brom indicator 0.04%, parchment paper, 400 mg
sodium hydroxide (NaOH), vitamin B1 tablet. =8,43%

2.3 Methods  Tablet 2

To calculate vitamin B1 levels in tablets will use
the method of Alkalimetry. The working principle of
this method is with the presence of hydrochloride in
thiamine hydrochloride can be administered by
sodium hydroxide 0.1 N using a blue Thymol Brom
indicator.
3. Working Procedure
3.1 Making NaOH 0.1 N
NaOH 0.1 N as much as 0.41 gr is dissolved with
CO2 free water as much as 100 ml in the measuring
flask then shaken until homogeneous.
3.2 Making of Timol Blue Brom as an indicator
The Blue thymol Brom indicator (BTB) weighed
as much as 100 mg then included in the measuring
flask. BTB is dissolved with 16 ml of NaOH 0.1 N
solution and shaken until homogeneous. Solution
diluted with aquades as much as 2.34 ml.
3.3 Testing Vitamin B1 levels
Vitamin B1 weighed 400 mg then dissolved with
CO2 free water as much as 75 ml in Erlenmeyer.
Solution is given 3 drops of the BTB. Furthermore,
the solution of dtitration with a solution NaOH and
observed discoloration to light blue.
= 0,1 ml x 0,1 x 337,3 x 100%
400 mg
=0,84%
 Tablet 3
= 0,05 ml x 0,1 x 337,3 x 100%
400 mg
=0,046%
Average calculation of Vitamin B1 rate
= Sampel I x Sampel II x Sampel III x 100%
3
= 8,43 + 0,84 + 0,046
3
= 3,10%
4. Results and Discussion
Before the experiment began, first weigh the mass
of NaOH 0.1 N as much as 0.41 gr, vitamin B1 tablets
that have been crushed as much as 400 gr. The first is
to make a solution of NaOH 0.1 N with free water
CO2 in a measuring flask of 100 ml. The production
of the Blue Timol Brom (BTB) indicator is weighed
as much as 100 mg then included in the measuring
flask. BTB is dissolved with 16 ml of NaOH 0.1 N
solution and shaken until homogeneous. Solution
diluted with aquades as much as 2.34 ml.
 3

In determining the rate of vitamin B1, the vitamin
B1 tablets were pounded until smooth in the mortar
then weighed with analytical scales as much as 400
mg, the then-weighed vitamin B1 was inserted into 3
erlenmeyer with each amount Same is 400 mg and
dissolved with CO2 free water as much as 75 ml in
Erlenmeyer. Introduction of the BTB indicator as
much as 3 drops per vitamin B1 solution. Solution of
Dtitration with a solution NaOH. The titration
endpoint is terminated if there is a discoloration of the
yellow cloudy to blue. This occurs because the blue
Bromtimol works as a weak acid in the solution. So
that this brotimol will undergo the ionise. In the
atmosphere of blue brotimoles will be yellow, while
in the base atmosphere will be blue. When the blue
Brotimols are put in the sample the color becomes
yellow. This is because in an acidic atmosphere, the
ionizing will be further pressed by the presence of H +
ions found in the sample. Eventually there will be
more acidic molecules formed from weak acid ions.
Then the color that occurs will be more dominant by
the color of the molecule (weak acid) than the color of
the ion.
bonds are generally colored shapes. The test results
show that the number of volumes achieved at three
times the titration of this sample is 1 ml; 0.1 ml; 0.05
ml with a flat volume of 0.46 ml. Results percent of
vitamin B1 by 8.43%, 0.84% and 0.046%.
5. Conclusion
From the above experiments can be concluded
that the level of vitamin B1 or Thiamin contained in a
solution Thiamin I is 8.43% while Thiamin II solution
is 0.84% and Thiamin solution III is 0.046%.
Experiments were conducted using the Alkalimetry
method with the BTB indant. With the volume of
NaOH needed in each of the trials of 1 ml, 0.1 ml and
0.05 ml.
Referensi
Ardiani, L (2017) Penetapan Kadar Vitamin B1
(Thiamin HCl). Ahli Madya Analis Kesehatan.
Azizah, n. (2014). Laporan Praktikum Alkalimetri
Deman, John. 1997. Kimia Makanan. ITB : Bandung
Ms. Rocmatin Shilihatin, dkk. (2016) identifikasi
vitamin B1 secara Alkalimetri. Kimia farmasi
Analitik II.:Jakarta

Munir, Fitratul Ani, Siti Jaruah. (2016). Pengaruh

kadar Thiamin. Jurnal Biota Vol.2 No.1.

Figure 1. Determination of Vitamin B1 levels

The use of indicators due to the pH route of the

blue Bromtimol is 6.0 – 7.6, where the final point of
titration occurs at a neutral pH of pH 7. In addition if
using the Blue Thymol Brom indicator, the error at
the time of the TAT reading would be small compared
to the Fenolftalein indicator which had a pH range of
about 8.0 – 9.6. Blue Bromtimol works as a weak acid
in the solution. In the atmosphere of blue bromtimol
acid will be yellow because B1 is acidic because it
contains HCL, while in the base atmosphere will be
blue because NaOH solution is alkaline. The titration
endpoint is characterized by a clear color change to
light blue.
The change in the indicator color occurs because
the Ionic reaction provides a change in structure of
different structures and ions. Differences in acid form
structure and base form result in color differences.
This is because forms that have conjugated double