CHAPTER III

Methods and Procedure

This chapter pictures the methods that was used in the research. It will also present the
study’s main subject, the instruments used, the procedure of data gathering and the statistical
treatment of the data.

This study aims to know the effectiveness of reading Wattpad literatures in excelling the
Reading Comprehension of students from Saint Anne’s Catholic School specifically Grade 10
students.

Method of Research Used

Based on Scribbr.com, descriptive research aims to accurately and systematically describe a

population, situation or phenomenon. It can answer what, when, where, when and how questions, but
not why questions. To determine cause and effect, experimental research is required.

Exploring Second Language Classroom Research is a comprehensive book written by two

significant figures in the field, David Nunan and Kathleen M. Bailey in 2009. Providing a wide range
of perspectives on language classroom research in general terms, the authors give place for a wide
range of issues from research methods to data analysis procedures along with sample research studies
in the field including some sample tasks for reflection and application. The information it provides
makes the book a significant resource as it presents a broad perspective from main research traditions
to current issues with an aim to help researchers develop practical research skills. These issues are
employed under four main parts including fifteen chapters which are organized around a number of
significant thematic issues. The book is especially intended for researchers and language teachers and
educators interested in classroom research, besides many scholars from sociolinguistics,
psycholinguistics, applied linguistics, etc. find the book very comprehensive and highly regarded for
their research studies. This book is helpful for the novice researchers as an introduction to conducting
language classroom research as it provides an overview of the research steps comprehensively along
with data analyses procedures.
 A descriptive research design can use a wide variety of quantitative and qualitative
methods to investigate one or more variables. Unlike in experimental research, the researcher
does not control or manipulate any of the variables, but only observes and measures them.

Quantitative research is defined as the systematic investigation of phenomena by

gathering quantifiable data and performing statistical, mathematical or computational techniques.
Quantitative research gathers information from existing and potential customers using sampling
methods and sending out online surveys, online polls, questionnaires etc., the results of which
can be depicted in the form of numerical. After careful understanding of these numbers to predict
the future of a product or service and make changes accordingly.

This study used descriptive method of research because it aims to know how huge can
Wattpad help for improving Reading Comprehension. It used this method to also see the stand of
the students themselves. It also used quantitative method to see the numbers of students who are
currently reading Wattpad, who can pass the stages of reading development and those who can’t.

Sampling

In this experimental study, We, the researchers from Grade 10-Saint John Marie Vianney,
conducted a survey to know how can Wattpad help in improving and excelling the Reading
Comprehension of the students in Grade 10 level from Saint Anne’s Catholic School.

The main respondents of this study are the three sections of grade 10 level in Saint
Anne’s Catholic School namely: St. Ambrose of Milan, St. Basil of Caesarea and St. Jerome of
Dalmatia. The graduating students were chosen to be the respondents to test how can they pass
the stages of reading development and to know how deep is their Reading Skills and
Comprehension throughout their Junior High School journey.

Steps in doing the research survey:

Step I: We identified the students whom we’d use as the main subject of the study.

Step II: With the help of internet, we constructed the best questions and a sample
poetry to be put in the questionnaire to get the best result.
 Step III: We printed the questionnaire and prepared other materials to be used in research.

Step IV: We scheduled our survey by checking the availability of the class and by asking
the permission of the subject teacher.

Step V: We entered their classroom, introduce ourselves and explained the purpose of our
survey.

Step VI: We give some allotted time for them to answer and waited. Once they have
finished we collected the papers and thanked the students and even the teacher-in-charge.

Step VII: We evaluated the answered papers.

Instrument

First Instrument: Survey

Survey research is a quantitative and qualitative method with two important

characteristics. First, the variables of interest are measured using self-reports. In essence, survey
researchers ask their participants (who are often called respondents in survey research) to report
directly on their own thoughts, feelings, and behaviours. Second, considerable attention is paid to
the issue of sampling. In particular, survey researchers have a strong preference for large random
samples because they provide the most accurate estimates of what is true in the population.

A Survey is defined as a research method used for collecting data from a pre-defined
group of respondents to gain information and insights on various topics of interest. Surveys have
a variety of purposes and can be carried out in many ways depending on the methodology chosen
and the objectives to be achieved.

The data is usually obtained through the use of standardized procedures whose purpose is to
ensure that each respondent is able to answer the questions at a level playing field to avoid biased
opinions that could influence the outcome of the research or study. A survey involves asking people
for information through a questionnaire, which can be distributed on paper, although with
the arrival of new technologies it is more common to distribute them using digital media such as
social networks, email, QR codes or URLs.

We used a 5-point Likert Scale to evaluate the given items.

 What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

A. gender;

B. age

 What is the current relationship status of the student?

 Are you in favor of adding Sex Education to the curriculum of Saint Anne’s Catholic

School?

Scale Range Description

5 4.21-5.00 Strongly Agree (SA)

4 3.41-4.20 Agree (A)

3 2.61- 3.40 Neutral (N)

2 1.81-2.60 Disagree (D)

1 1.00-2.80 Strongly Disagree (SD)

 Data Gathering Process

We identify the students whom we’d use as the main subject of the study. We decided
to choose the sections in the higher level, those who obtain an outstanding academic grades, and
those sections who have a variety of students that are readers of Wattpad. With the help of internet,
we constructed the best questions and poetry to be put in the questionnaire to get the best result.. We
then printed the questionnaire and prepared other materials to be used in research. Next is we
checked their class schedule to know the best time to conduct the survey and we get a permission
from their subject teacher. We entered their classroom, introduce ourselves and explained the purpose
of our survey. Also, as they get the questionnaires, we explained the questions one by one. After
answering, we collected all the papers and thanked them. We gave little token of appreciation for
their cooperation. Lastly, we evaluated the papers that were answered by the students from Saint
Ambrose of Milan, Saint Basil of Caesarea and Saint Jerome of Dalmatia.

Statistical Treatment

 Mean- is often called the average. To find the mean you take a set of data and calculate

the sum of the data, after that you divide the sum by the number of pieces in the set.

Example

Find the mean of the following data set:

56, 35, 45, 67, 12, 24, 48, 55, 58, 30

56+35+45+67+12+24+48+55+58+30 =
10
= 430 =43
10
The mean = 43
  Median- is the number in an ordered set of data that is in the middle.

If we have a set of data with an odd number of data points then the median is the
data point in the middle.

1,2,3,4,5,6,7

If we have a set of data with an even number of data points, then the median is the mean

of the two data points in the middle

1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6,7,8

4+5=9=4.5
2 2
The Median= 4.5

 Mode- is the most common number in the set of data.

Example

2,5,6,2,2,2,5,6,22,5,6,2,2,2,5,6,2

The mode = 2

 Percentage - is a portion of a whole expressed as a number between 0 and 100 rather

than as a fraction. All of something is 100 percent, half of it is fifty percent, and none of

something is zero percent.

 Frequency- measures how often things repeat over time. City buses often reach stops at a

frequency of every 15 minutes, unless it's snowing or raining really hard. In that case, the

frequency will slow.