INTRODUCTION TO LAW

Syllabus – Plato Section

Atty. Janessa Mariam Ladjiman

I. STATUTORY CONSTRUCTION BASIS

A. Aids to Construction
 Generally
 Ebarle v. Sucaldito, 156 SCRA 803 (1987)
 Legislative History
 Contemporary Construction
 Statutory Directives

B. Interpretation of Words and Phrases

 General and Particular Use of Words
 Tan v. People, 290 SCRA 117 (1998)
 Associate Words

II. ESSENTIAL LEGAL CONCEPTS

A. Jurisdiction

B. Precedent
 Generally
 Fermin v. People, 550 SCRA 132, March 28, 2008

 Stare Decisis
 Chinese Young Men’s Christian Association of the
Philippine Islands v. Remington Steel Corporation, 550
SCRA 180 (2008)
 Pepsi-Cola Products Philippines, Inc. v. Pagdanganan,
504 SCRA 549 (2006)

 Law of the Case

 Veloso, Jr. v. Court of Appeals, 261 SCRA 196 (1996)
 Agustin v. Court of Appeals, 271 SCRA 457 (1997)

 Res Judicata (bar by prior judgment)

 Degayo v. Magbanua-Dinglasan, G.R. No. 173148, April
6, 2015

 Res Judicata (conclusiveness of judgment)

 Antonio v. Vda. De Monje, 631 SCRA 471 (2010)
 Republic v. Yu, 484 SCRA 416 (2006)

C. Lis Pendens
 Atlantic Erectors, Inc. v. Herbal Cove Realty Corp.,
399 SCRA 409 (2003)

D. Rule of Law
 Fortun v. Labang, 104 SCRA 607 (1981)
 Villavicencio v. Lukban, 39 Phil. 778 (1919)

E. Due Process

 Generally
 Sec. of Justice v. Lantion, 322 SCRA 160 (2000)
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 INTRODUCTION TO LAW
Syllabus – Plato Section

Atty. Janessa Mariam Ladjiman

 White Light Corp. v. City of Manila, 576 SCRA 416

(2009)

 Substantive Due Process

 Ynot v. IAC, 148 SCRA 659 (1987)

 Procedural Due Process

 Gracilla v. Court of Industrial Relations, 25 SCRA
242 (1968)
 Samalio v. Court of Appeals, 454 SCRA 462 (2005)

 Judicial Due Process

 Banco-Español v. Palanca, 37 Phil. 921

 Administrative Due Process

 Vivo v. Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation
(PAGCOR), 709 SCRA 276 (2013)
 Ang Tibay v. Court of Industrial Electoral Tribunal,
651 SCRA 239 (2011)

F. Necessary Implication

 Chua v. Civil Service Commission, 206 SCRA 65 (1992)

 Macalintal v. Presidential Electoral Tribunal, 651
SCRA 239 (2011)

G. Prospectivity of Laws

 Co v. Court of Appeals, 227 SCRA 444 (1993)

H. Landmark Case

 Santos v. Court of Appeals, 240 SCRA 20 (1995)

I. Leading Case

 Ting v. Velez-Ting, G.R. No. 166562, March 31, 2009

 Carpio-Morales v. Court of Appeals, G.R. Nos. 217126-
27, November 10, 2015

J. Dura Lex Sed Lex

 Corpuz v. People, 724 SCRA 1 (2014)

III. THE DECISION AND THE DISSENT

A. Basis of Decisions
 1987 Philippine Constitution, Art. VIII, “The
Judicial Department”
 Oil and Natural Gas Commission v. Court of Appeals,
293 SCRA 26 (1998)
 Oil and Natural Gas Commission v. Court of Appeals,
315 SCRA 296 (1999)

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 INTRODUCTION TO LAW
Syllabus – Plato Section

Atty. Janessa Mariam Ladjiman

B. Decision
 Velarde v. Social Justice Society, 489 SCRA 283
(2004)

C. Dissenting Opinion
 In the Matter of the Charges of Plagiarism, etc.
against Associate Justice Mariano c. Del Castillo,
632 SCRA 607 (2010)
 In the Matter of the Charges of Plagiarism, etc.
against Associate Justice Mariano c. Del Castillo,
642 SCRA 11 (2011)

IV. RATIO DECIDENDI, FALLO, OBITER DICTUM

V. OVERVIEW OF THE BRANCHES OF LAW (BAR EXAM SUBJECTS)

 Re: 2003 Bar Examination Atty. Danilo De Guzman, 586

SCRA 372 (2009)

A. Political Law

 Definition
 Macariola v. Asuncion, 114 SCRA 77 (1982)

 Co-Equal Branches of Government and Separation of Powers

 In the Matter of: Save the Supreme Court Judicial
Independence and Fiscal Autonomy Movement v.
Abolition of Judiciary Development Fund (JDF) and
Reduction of Fiscal Autonomy, 746 SCRA 352 (2015)

 The Executive Branch in Relation to the Judicial Branch

i. Scope of Executive Power

 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article VII, “The
Executive Department”
 Marcos v. Manglapus, 177 SCRA 668, September 15, 1989
 Marcos v. Manglapus, 178 SCRA 760, October 27, 1989

ii. Executive Privilege

 Neri v. Senate Committee on Accountability of Public
Officers and Investigations, 549 SCRA 77 (2008)

iii. Immunity of the President from Suit

 Soliven v. Makasiar, 167 SCRA 393 (1988)
 David v. Macapagal-Arroyo, 489 SCRA 160 (2006)

iv. Impeachment of the President

 Estrada v. Desierto, 353 SCRA 452, March 2, 2001
 Estrada v. Desierto, 356 SCRA 108, April 3, 2001

 The Legislative Branch in Relation to the Judicial Branch

i. Legislative Power and Police Power

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 INTRODUCTION TO LAW
Syllabus – Plato Section

Atty. Janessa Mariam Ladjiman

 1987 Philippine Constitution, Art. VI, “The

Legislative Department”
 Occeña v. Commission on Elections, 95 SCRA 755,
January 28, 1980
 Philippine Association of Service Exporters, Inc. v.
Drilon, 163 SCRA 386 (1988)
 Ynot v. IAC, 148 SCRA 659 (1987)

ii. Law-Making Power vs. Rule-Making Authority

 Araneta, et al. v. Hon. M. Gatmaitan, et al., 101
Phil. 328 (1957)

iii. Improper Delegation of Legislative Power

 Belgica v. Ochoa, Jr., 710 SCRA 1 (2013)

iv. Bill of Rights as Protection from the Government

 People v. Marti, 193 SCRA 57 (1991)

B. Labor Law

 Generally
 1987 Constitution, Article XIII, “Social Justice and
Human Rights”

 Purpose
 Sameer Overseas Placement Agency, Inc. v. Cabiles,
732 SCRA 465 (2014)

 Construction
 Mirant (Philippines) Corporation v. Caro, 723 SCRA
465 (2014)
 Reliance Surety & Ins. Co., Inc. v. NLRC, 193 SCRA
365 (1991)

 Management Prerogative vs. Labor Protection

 San Miguel Brewery Sales Force Union (PTGWO) v. Ople,
170 SCRA 25 (1989)
 University of Sto. Tomas v. NLRC, 190 SCRA 758 (1990)

 Social Legislation
 Government Service Insurance System v. De Leon, 635
SCRA 321 (2010)
 Oro Enterprises, Inc. v. NLRC, 238 SCRA 106 (1994)

C. Civil Law

 Generally

 Basic Concepts in Human Relations

i. Acting with Justice
 Ibetz Investment, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, 75 SCRA
310 (1977)
 Velayo, etc. v. Shell Co. of the Phils. et al., 100
Phil. 186 (1956)

ii. Limitations of the Court’s Intrusion into Private

Affairs
 Felipe v. Leuterio, et al., 91 Phil. 482 (1952)

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 INTRODUCTION TO LAW
Syllabus – Plato Section

Atty. Janessa Mariam Ladjiman

 Fonacier v. Court of Appeals, 96 Phil. 417 (1955)

 Gashem Shookat Baksh v. Court of Appeals, 219 SCRA
115 (1993)

 Family Code
i. Marriage
ii. Property Relations
iii. Support

D. The Law of Taxation

 Generally
 Paseo Realty & Development Corp. v. Court of Appeals,
440 SCRA 235 (2004)
 Ferrer, Jr. v. Mayor Herbert Bautista, G.R. No.
210551 (June 30, 2015)

 Purpose
 Saldana v. City of Iloilo, G.R. No. L-10470, June 26,
1958
 Lorenzo v. Posadas, 64 Phil. 353 (1937)

E. Commercial/Mercantile Law

 Generally

 Basic Concepts
i. National Patrimony and “Filipino-first” Policy
 Manila Prince Hotel v. GSIS, 267 SCRA 408 (1997)
 Southern Cross Cement Corp. v. PHILCEMCOR, 465 SCRA
532 (2005)

 Judicial Review of Economic Matters

 Garcia v. Board of Investments, 1991 SCRA 288 (1990)

F. Criminal Law

 Generally

 Purpose
 People v. De la Cruz, 76 Phil. 169 (1946)
 United States v. Sotto, 38 Phil. 1666 (1918)

 Basic Concepts

i. Generally
 People v. Galacgac, 54 O.G. 1027

ii. Territoriality
 United States v. Bull, 15 Phil. 7 (1910)
 People v. Ferrer, 48 SCRA 382 (1972)

iii. Prospectivity

 Doctrine of Pro Reo

 People v. Guinto, 736 SCRA 461 (2014)
 Intestate Estate of Manolita Gonzales Vda. De
Carungcong v. People, 612 SCRA 272 (2010)

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 INTRODUCTION TO LAW
Syllabus – Plato Section

Atty. Janessa Mariam Ladjiman

G. Remedial Law

 Generally

 Bustos v. Lucero, 81 Phil. 640 (1948)

 Fabian v. Desierto, G.R. No. 129742, September 16,
1998

 Jurisdiction
 Cuenca v. Presidential Commission on Good Government,
535 SCRA 102 (2007)
 Echegaray v. Sec. of Justice, 301 SCRA 96 (1999)

H. Ethics

 Code of Professional Responsibility

i. The Lawyer’s Oath

ii. Four-Fold Duty

 Tumbokon v. Pefianco, 678 SCRA 60 (2012)

iii. The Lawyer and the Society

 Eufemio v. Madamba, 448 SCRA 81 (2012)

iv. The Lawyer and the Legal Profession

 Catu v. Rellosa, 546 SCRA 209 (2008)

v. The Lawyer and the Court

 Rollon v. Naraval, 452 SCRA 675 (2005)

vi. The Lawyer and the Client

 Judicial Conduct

 Jamsani-Rodriguez v. Ong, 628 SCRA 626 (2010)

 Reyes v. Reyes, 600 SCRA 345 (2009)