Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW I
Atty. V. Paul Le. Montejo
I. IN GENERAL
A. Construction - MANILA PRINCE HOTEL VS. GSIS 267 SCRA 408 (1997)
DOMINO VS. COMELEC 310 SCRA 546 (1999)
PAMATONG VS. COMELEC 427 SCRA 96 (2004)
DATU MICHAEL ABAS KIDA V. SENATE (AND COMPANION
CASES) 659 SCRA 270 (2011) and 667 SCRA 270 (2012)
CHAVEZ VS. JBC 696 SCRA 496 (2013)
Presumption of Constitutionality
Case – PEREZ VS. PEOPLE 544 SCRA 532 (2008)
a. Treaty Limits
Art. III of the Treaty of Paris
Treaty of Washington between Spain and US (11-7-1900)
Treaty between US and Great Britain (1-2-1930)
b. Methods of Determining Baselines
R.A. 3046 - June 17, 1961
R.A. 5446 - Sept. 8, 1968
R.A. 9522 – March 10, 2009
3. The Territorial Sea, the Sea Bed, the Subsoil, the Insular Shelves and
Other Submarine Areas.
C. People
2. Citizenship
a. Who are Citizens
Sec. 1, Art. IV, 1987 Constitution
Suggested Readings - ANNOTATIONS ON CITIZENSHIP
197 SCRA 928 (1991); 232 SCRA 800 (1994);
c. Natural-Born Citizens
ANNOTATION 357 SCRA 580
Sec. 2, Art. IV, 1987 Constitution
Who must be Natural-Born
1. President - Art. VII, Sec 2
2. Vice President - Art. VII, Sec. 3
3. Members of Congress - Art. VI, Secs. 3 & 6
4. Justices of the Supreme Court and Lower
Collegiate Courts - Art. VIII, Sec. 8
Case – KILOSBAYAN VS. ERMITA
526 SCRA 353 (2007)
5. Ombudsman and Deputies - Art. XI, Sec. 8
6. Constitutional Commission Members -
Art. IX-B, Sec. 1 (1)
Art. IX-C, Sec. 1 (1)
Art. IX-D, Sec. 1 (1)
7. Central Monetary Authority Members -
Art. XII, Sec. 20
8. Commission on Human Rights Members -
Art. XIII, Sec. 17 (2)
d. Naturalized Citizens
Laws – R.A. 9139 June 8, 2001
COMM. ACT NO. 473 - JUNE 17, 1939
Case – GO VS. REPUBLIC 729 SCRA 138 (2014)
1. Who are qualified to be Naturalized
Note Effect of R.A. 6809 - Age of Majority
Note Effect on Language Requirement -
Art. XIV, Sec. 6, 1987 Constitution
Residency Requirement Reduced to 5 years
a. Loss of Citizenship
1. Naturalization in a Foreign Country
Cases - REPUBLIC VS. DELA ROSA
232 SCRA 785 (1994)
GUY VS. IGNACIO
622 SCRA 678 (2010)
b. Reacquisition or Repatriation
Law – R.A. 8171 October 23, 1995
Cases - REPUBLIC VS. DELA ROSA 232 SCRA
785 (1994)
VALLES VS. COMELEC 337 SCRA 543 (2000)
BENGZON III VS. HRET 357 SCRA 545 (2001)
ANGAT VS. REPUBLIC 314 SCRA 438 (1999)
ALTERAJOS VS. COMELEC 441 SCRA
655 (2004)
TABASA VS. CA 500 SCRA 9 (2006)
4. Dual Allegiance
Sec. 5, Art. IV, 1987 Constitution
Sec. 40 (d), Local Govt. Code of 1991
Case – MERCADO VS. MANZANO 307 SCRA 630 (1999)
D. Sovereignty
1. Sovereign Immunity
a. Basis
Sec. 3, Art. XVI, 1987 Constitution
Case - REPUBLIC VS. VILLASOR 54 SCRA 83 (1973)
ANNOTATION – IMMUNITY OF GOVERNMENT
AGENCY 591 SCRA 104 (2009)
c. Consent to be Sued
1. Express Consent
2. Implied Consent
3. Scope of Consent
b. Under a Charter
Case - PNB VS. CIR 81 SCRA 314 (1978)
c. Execution
Cases - DEPT. OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS VS.
NLRC 262 SCRA 39 (1996)
- REPUBLIC VS. NLRC 263 SCRA 290
REPUBLIC VS. HIDALGO 477 SCRA
32 (2005)
E. Government
b. House of Representative
Art. VI, Secs. 5-6
Art. IX, C, Secs. 6-8
Art. XVIII, Sec. 7
Fair Elections Act – R.A. 9006)
Cases - SABILI VS. COMELEC 670 SCRA 664 (2012)
ALDOVINO VS. COMELEC 609 SCRA 636 (2009)
TALAGA VS. COMELEC 683 SCRA 602 (2012)
QUINTO VS. COMELEC 606 SCRA 258 (2009)
613 SCRA 385 (2010)
MITRA VS. COMELEC 622 SCRA 749 (2010)
ASISTIO VS. AGUIRRE 619 518 (2010)
Apportionment / Districts
Cases - SEMA VS. COMELEC 558 SCRA 700 (2008)
ALDABA VS. COMELEC 611 SCRA 137 (2009
615 SCRA 564 (2010)
NAVARRO VS. ERMITA 612 SCRA 131 (2009)
AQUINO III VS. COMELEC 617 SCRA 623
(2010)
NAVAL VS. COMELEC 729 SCRA 299 (2014)
2. Election
a. Regular election
Art. VI, Sec. 8
b. Special election
Art. VI, Sec. 9
Art. IX, C, Sec. 11
Law - REP. ACT NO 6645, Dec. 28, 1987
REP. ACT NO. 7166
Case – TOLENTINO VS. COMELEC
420 SCRA 438 (2004)
d. Disqualifications
(1) Incompatible and Forbidden Offices
Id. Sec. 13
Case - LIBAN VS. GORDON 593 SCRA 68 (2009)
LIBAN VS. GORDON 639 SCRA 703 (2011)
e. Duty to disclose
Art. XI, Sec 17
Art. VI, Sec 12
Id., Sec. 20
b. Quorum
Id., Sec. 16 (2)
Case - AVELINO VS. CUENCO 83 PHIL. 17 (1949)
c. Rules of proceedings
Id., Sec. 16 (3)
Id., Sec 21
Case – ARROYO VS. DE VENECIA 277 SCRA258 (1997)
GARCILLANO VS. HR COMMITTEES 575 SCRA 170
(2008)
DELA PAZ VS. SENATE COMMITTEE 579 SCRA 521
(2009)
d. Discipline of members
Id., Sec. 16 (3)
Cases - ALEJANDRINO VS. QUEZON 46 PHIL. 83 (1924)
OSMEÑA VS. PENDATUN 109 PHIL. 863 (1960)
(suspension for 15 months)
SANTIAGO VS. SANDIGANBAYAN 356 SCRA
636 (2001)
5. Sessions
(1) Regular sessions
Art. VI, Sec. 15
Id. Sec. 16 (5)
Case – GUEVARA VS. INOCENTES 16 SCRA 379 (1966)
6. Electoral Tribunal
a. Composition
Cases- TAÑADA VS. CUENCO, 103 PHIL. 1051(1957)
ABBAS VS. SET, 166 SCRA 651 (1988)
PIMENTEL VS. HRET 393 SCRA 231 (2002)
b. Nature of Function
Case- ANGARA VS. ELECTORAL COMMISSION
63 PHIL. 139 (1946)
d. Powers
Cases - LIBANAN VS. HRET 283 SCRA 520 (1997)
GARCIA VS. HRET 312 SCRA 353 (1999)
7. Commission on Appointments
Art. VI, Secs. 18 and 19
Cases - GUINGONA VS. GONZALES 214 SCRA 789
(1991) AND 219 SCRA 326 (1993)
PIMENTEL VS. HRET 393 SCRA 231 (2002)
8. Powers of Congress
A. General plenary powers
Art. VI, Sec. 1
Case – CITY OF DAVAO VS. RTC – 467 SCRA 280 (2005)
Id., Sec. 30
Id., Sec. 31
B. Question hour
C. Legislative investigations
Art VI, Sec. 21
Cases- SENATE BLUE RIBBON VS. MAJADUCON
407 SCRA 356 (2004)
SENATE VS. ERMITA 488 SCRA 1 (2006)
GUDANI VS. SENGA 498 SCRA 671 (2006)
IN RE: SABIO 504 SCRA 704 (2006)
STANDARD CHARTERED VS. SENATE COMMITTEE
541 SCRA 456 (2008)
NERI VS. SENATE COMMITTEE 549 SCRA 77 (2008)
564 SCRA 52 (2008)
GARCILLANO VS. HR COMMITTEES
575 SCRA 170 (2008)
PHILCOMSAT VS. SENATE 673 SCRA 611 (2012)
I. Concur in Treaties
Art. VII, Sec. 21 (through the Senate)
CF: Sec. 25, Art. XVIII, 1987 Constitution
Case – BAYAN VS. ZAMORA 342 SCRA 449 (2000)
Annotation – VISITING FORCES AGREEMENT 342 SCRA 522
Case – SUPLICO VS. NEDA 558 SCRA 329 (2008)
NICOLAS VS. ROMULO 578 SCRA 438 (2009)
L. Power of impeachment
Case – CORONA VS. SENATE 676 SCRA 563 (2012)
9. Legislative process
Requirements as to bills
d. Effectivity of laws
Civil Code, Art. 2
Cases - TAÑADA VS. TUVERA, 136 SCRA 27 (1985)
Same, resolution of motion for reconsideration, 146 SCRA 446 (1986)
Executive Order No. 200, June 18, 1987
10. Initiative and Referendum, Rep. Act. No. 6735, Aug. 4, 1989
Cases – GARCIA VS. COMELEC 237 SCRA 279 (1994)
SBMA VS. COMELEC 262 SCRA 492 (1996)
SANTIAGO VS. COMELEC 270 SCRA 106 (1997)
B. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT
1. The President
c. Prohibitions
Art. VII, sec. 13
Case - CLU VS. EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
194 SCRA 317 (1991)
NATIONAL AMNESTY COMM. VS. COA
437 SCRA 655 (2004)
BITONIO VS. COA 425 SCRA 437 (2004)
PUBLIC INTEREST VS. ELMA
494 SCRA 53 (2006)
517 SCRA 336 (2007)
FUNA VS. AGRA 691 SCRA 196 (2013)
d. Succession
Case – ESTRADA VS. DESIERTO – 353 SCRA 452 (2001)
356 SCRA 108 (2001)
ANNOTATION – SUCCESSION OF MACAPAGAL-ARROYO
353 SCRA 587 (2001)
e. Removal
Art. XI, secs. 2-3
2. Vice President
a. Qualifications, election, term and oath
Art. VII, sec. 3
Id., sec. 4
Id., sec. 5
c. Prohibitions
Art., VII, sec. 13
Id., sec 3, par. 2
d. Succession
Art., VII, sec. 9
e. Removal
Art. XI, secs. 2-3
f. Functions
(1) Right of succession
Art. VII, secs. 8 and 11
(2) Membership in Cabinet
c. Salary
Art. VIII, sec. 17
Art. XVIII, sec. 17
Cases - PERFECTO VS. MEER, 85 PHIL. 522 (1950)
ENDENCIA VS. DAVID, 93 PHIL. 696 (1953)
Compare 1973 Const., Art. XV, sec. 6 not exempt
from income tax
Case- NITAFAN VS. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL
REVENUE, 152 SCRA 284 (1987)
d. Security of Tenure
Art. VIII, sec. 11
Id, sec 2, par. 2
Case- DE LA LLANA VS. ALBA, 112 SCRA 294 (1982)
e. Removal
Art. VIII, sec. 11
Art. XI, sec. 2
Case - IN RE : RAUL M. GONZALES, 160 SCRA 771 (1988)
f. Fiscal autonomy
Art. VIII, sec. 3
Case – CSC VS. DEPARTMENT 464 SCRA 115 (2005)
RE: CLARIFYING 481 SCRA 1 (2006)
RE: COA OPINION 678 SCRA 1 (2012)
g. Jurisdiction
Judicial Power
ANNOTATION – SUPREME COURT 358 SCRA 829
i. Administrative powers
(1) Supervision of lower courts
Case - CAOIBES VS. OMBUDSMAN 361 SCRA 395
FUENTES VS. OMBUDSMAN 368 SCRA 36
(2001)
ADAJAR VS. DEVELOS 475 SCRA 361 (2005)
CSC VS. RAMONEDA-PITA 696 SCRA 155 (13)
IN RE: REQUEST FOR GUIDANCE
708 SCRA 502 (2013)
j. Rule Making
Art. VIII, sec. 5 (5)
Case – IN RE: IBP ELECTIONS 696 SCRA 8 (2013)
n. Requirements as to decisions
Art. VIII, secs. 13-14
Cases – MANGELEN VS. CA, 215 SCRA 230 (1992)
2. Lower courts
a. Qualifications and appointment
Art. VIII, sec. 7(1) (2)
Id., sec. 8(5)
Id., sec. 9
Case- RE: SENIORITY AMONG FOUR APPOINTMENTS
631 SCRA 377 (2010)
b. Salary
Art. VIII, sec. 10
d. Removal
Art. VIII, sec. 11
Case – PEOPLE VS. GACOTT 246 SCRA 52 (1996)
5. Court Martial
Case - REPUBLIC VS. ASUNCION, 231 SCRA 211 (1994)
d. Salary
Art. XVIII, sec. 17
Art. IX, A, sec.3
e. Disqualifications
Art. IX, A, sec. 2
2. COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS
Cases – BARRO VS. COMELEC (1ST DIVISION) 603 SCRA 292 (2009)
CAGAS VS. COMELEC 663 SCRA 644 (2012)
JALOSJOS VS. COMELEC 674 SCRA 530 (2012)
LOKIN JR VS. COMELEC 674 SCRA 538
SEVILLA VS. COMELEC 693 SCRA 605 (2013)
ATONG PAGLAUM VS. COMELEC 694 SCRA 477 (2013)
REYES VS. COMELEC 699 SCRA 522 (2013)
703 SCRA 197 (2013)
c. Appointment of personnel
Art. IX, A, sec. 4
d. Salary
Art. IX, A, sec. 3
Art. XVIII, sec. 17
e. Disqualifications
Art. IX, A, sec. 2
f. Impeachment
Art. XI, sec. 2
g. Appeal
Case - GANCES VS. CA. 259 SCRA 99 (1996)
3. COMMISSION ON AUDIT
Powers – Cases – VELOSO VS. COA 656 SCRA 767 (2011)
AGRA VS. COA 661 SCRA 563 (2011)
COCOFED VS. REPUBLIC 663 SCRA 514 (2012)
VERZOSA VS. CARAGUE 665 SCRA 124 (2012)
DELOS SANTOS VS. COA 703 SCRA 501 (2013)
FUNA VS. VILLAR 670 SCRA 579 (2012)
FUNA VS. MANILA OFFICE 715 SCRA 247 (2015)
TESDA VS. COA 718 SCRA 402 (2014)
d. Salary
Art. IX, A, sec. 3
Art. XVIII, sec. 17
e. Disqualifications
Art. IX, A, sec. 2
f. Impeachment
Art. XI, sec. 2
A. PROPOSAL
Art, XVII, secs. 1-2
Case - GONZALES VS. COMELEC, 21 SCRA 774 (1967)
1. By Congress
Art. XVII, sec. 1,1935 Const., Art. XV
Case - GONZALES VS. COMELEC, SUPRA
2. By Constitutional Convention
Art. XVII, sec. 3
B. RATIFICATION
1. In case amendments proposed by Congress or Convention
Art. XVII, sec. 4, par. 1
consti 1 syllabus -