Agricultural Power and Allied Subjects
1. A tractor pulls a 1.0 meter wide heavy
duty offset disk harrow at an operating
speed of 6 kph. What is the theoretical
field capacity of the machine?
2. A diesel engine that operates at 2500 rpm
will be used to drive an irrigation pump
which should turn at 1000 rpm. The
pulley diameter for the pump is 4 inches.
What is the recommended pulley for the
engine?
3. An irrigation pump shall be driven by a
single cylinder engine. The set-up has
the following data: Engine rpm=2200,
Pump rpm=1800, Diameter of Engine
Pulley=25 cm, what should the diameter
of the second pulley be?
4. The length of a flat-belt pulley drive with
the following data is: Diameter of first
pulley=300 mm, diameter of second
pulley=400 mm, center distance of the
pulley shaft=10 meters.
5. A corn sheller cylinder will be driven by
10 hp diesel engine thru a V-belt drive.
The engine has a speed of 1800 rpm
while the required speed of the corn
sheller is 650 rpm. The effective
diameter of the driver pulley is 12
inches. What should be the diameter of
the driven pulley?
6. In the given problem in item above, what
is the required length of V-belt if the
center distance between pulleys is 60 in.
7. If the belt has a capacity rating of 4.5 hp
per belt, how many belts are
recommended for the drive?
8. What is the recommended shaft diameter
for the drive in item above?
9. What is the force required to pull a
single moldboard plow on a clay loam
soil having a width and depth of cut of
30 cm and 15 cm, respectively. Soil
draft is 8 psi.
10. If the plow above has an average speed
of 5 km/hr, what is the drawbar
horsepower of the plow.
11. A rotary tiller has 2 m operating width.
If the tractor runs at a speed of 2 km/hr,
the theoretical field capacity of the
machine is ______.
12. The field capacity of the rotary tiller was
measured at 0.23 ha/hr. If the operating
width and speed of the machines are 1.5
m. and 2 kph, respectively, the field
efficiency of the tiller is _______.
13. The effective field capacity of the rotary
tiller tilling theoretically at 0.4 ha/hr for
an efficiency of 85% is _________.
14. The effective field capacity of 2
moldboard plows having 25 cm width
each plowing at a speed of 7 km/hr for a
field efficiency of 80% is ________.
15. A single-bottom moldboard plows on a
clay loam soil (8 psi draft) having an
effective width of cut of 0.3 m. and a
depth of cut of 15 cm. What is the force
exerted by a plow?
16. What is the drawbar horsepower of the
plow in item above if the plowing speed
is 5 kph?
17. A 3-bottom plow is plowing at a speed of
8 kph. The effective width per plow
bottom is 25 cm. If the plowing
efficiency is 80%, what is the theoretical
field capacity?
18. The effective field capacity of the plow
in item above is:
19. What is the required drawbar pull for a
5-meter tractor drawn spike tooth harrow
with a specific draft of 89 kg/m?
20. What is the drawbar-horsepower of the
implement in item above if it is running
at a speed of 6 kph.
21. In a 200-hectare corn project, the field
has to be tilled in 30 days. What size of
heavy-duty offset-disk harrow should be
selected if the tractor to be used operates
at 5 kph. Assume a 75% field efficiency
and an 8-hour working day.
Agricultural Power and Allied Subjects
22. Determine the number of hills for a 2-
hectare farm planted with corn with a
spacing of 25 cm x 45 cm.
23. In a field demonstration of a rice reaper
with 1.2-m cutter bar performance
showed that the average travel speed of
the machine is 3 kph. The average width
of cutter bar actually utilized is 1.0 m.
Time lost in crossing the dike is 5 min/ha
and 10 min/ha for repair. Turning and
other idle time is 10 % of the effective
operating time while removing field
obstruction and clogging is 15 min/ha.
What is the theoretical field capacity of
the machine?
24. What is the effective field capacity of the
machine in item above?
25. What is the time lost in turning and other
idle time per hectare of the reaper in item
above?
26. One-thousand gallons per minute (1000
gpm) of water is to be pumped from a
river to a farm 150-ft above the river.
What is the required horsepower to drive
the pump considering a pump efficiency
of 70 % and the friction and other losses
of 20 % of the static head.
27. What is the total head loss in meters of
the pump system in item above.
28. If a diesel engine will be used to drive
the pump in item above, what is the
recommended horsepower for the
engine? Engine efficiency is 80%.
29. If a gasoline engine will be used to drive
the 80.9 Hp item above, what is the
power requirement? (70% engine
efficiency)
30. A farmer wishes to spray his cotton
plantation at a rate of 300 gallons per
hectare. Sixteen nozzles, 18 inches apart
will be used. The froward speed of the
tractor will be 5 kph. Compute the field
capacity of the sprayer in hectare per
hour.
31. What is the required pump capacity for
the sprayer above?
32. A tractor operating at 3.5 mph develops a
drawbar pull of 3000 pounds. Estimate
the required drawbar horsepower for the
tractor.
33. The specific fuel consumption of a
tractor is 0.3 lbs per BHP-hour. If the
heating value of the fuel is 19500
BTU/lb, what is the brake thermal
efficiency?
34. A corn plantation requires a population
of 37,000 plants per hectare. The average
emergence is 90 % and the row spacing
is to be 1.2 meters. If the seed are to be
drilled, what should be the seed spacing?
35. What is the theoretical field capacity of a
tandem disk harrow pulled by 1.5 m
wide tractor running at a speed of 10
kph?
36. A tractor drive wheel under load rotates
at 1200 revolution in passing a newly
cultivated field. At no load, the tractor
drive wheel is able to rotate at 1125
revolution. What is the percent slippage
of the tractor drive wheel?
37. What is the application rate of a granular
broadcast spreader required to apply 1
ton of manure at a distance of 1000
meters. The machine swath is 2 meters.
38. Assume that you are the Agricultural
Engineer of a 500-hectare corn farm with
soil type that gives 10 psi draft when
plowing at a speed of 4 km/hr. Compute
the drawbar horsepower required to pull
a three-disk plow with effective cut of 12
inches per disk at a plowing depth of 6
inches.
39. How many hectares in item above does a
tractor pulling a three disk plow would
be able to plow in one day (16 hours
operation) assuming a total time loss of
30%?
Agricultural Power and Allied Subjects
40. How many days in item above are
required to plow the 500-hectare farm
using ten units of the same kind of
tractor and plow?
41. What is the amount of fuel consumed in
liters per 16 hours day in item above of
one tractor unit if the specific fuel
consumption is 1 lb/dhp-hr and the
specific gravity of the fuel is 0.8?
42. What is the cutting width of the single
disk harrow set at 18 degree working
angle containing 20 disks spaced at 30
cm? Disk diameter is 40 cm.
43. If the harrow in item above is a tandem
disk harrow, what is the cutting width of
the machine?
44. A 30-disk double-offset-disk harrow is
travelling at a speed of 10 kph. If the
disk diameter is 40 cm spaced at 30cm,
what is the cutting width of the harrow?
45. What is the theoretical field capacity of
the harrow in item above?
46. Compute the power developed by 600 kg
horse pulling 80-kg load at a speed of 0.9
m/sec.
47. A sprayer containing 100 liters of
mixture operates at a nozzle discharge of
0.2 liters per minute per nozzle. If the
sprayer boom consist of 6 nozzles, what
time does the sprayer mixture be
changed?
48. A thresher has a capacity of 30 cavans per
hour. Three men are required to operate
the thresher. The other data are as
follows:Purchase price= P40, 000
including engine Utilization = 1, 500
hours per year, 8 hours/day Estimated
life= 7 years
What is the depreciation cost using
straight line method?
49. What is the total fixed cost in the item
above if the cost of money is 21 % per
annum?
50. What is the total variable cost in the item
above using the following additional data?
Size of engine= 10 hp Specific fuel
consumption= 0.85 lb/BHP-hr Cost of fuel
= P13.60/liter
Fuel specific gravity = 0.76 Salary of
Laborers = P100.00/day-person
51. What is the threshing cost for the thresher
above?
52. What is the length of arc of a v-belt on a
6 inches sheaves whose angle subtended
by the arc of belts is equal to 90 degree.
53. If 10 Hp engine drive has a belt capacity
rating of 4.5 hp per belt, how many
numbers of belts are needed for the
drive?
54. A gasoline engine runs at 2500 rpm. It
will be used to drive a burr mill which
should turn at 500 rpm. The pulley
diameter for the mill is 8 inches. What is
the recommended pulley for the engine?
55. A centrifugal blower shall be driven by a
gas engine. The set up are as follows:
Engine speed =2200 rpm; Blower
speed=1800 rpm; Diameter of Engine
Pulley=25 cm. What should the diameter
of the blower pulley be ?
56. Compute the length of belt for the flat-
belt pulley having the following data:
Diameter of the larger pulley = 1800
mm, Diameter of the smaller pulley =
400 mm, Center distance of the pulley
shaft = 10 meters
57. A rice thresher is to be driven by 10-hp
gasoline engine using a V-belt drive. The
engine is 1800 rpm while the thresher
cylinder speed is 650 rpm. The diameter
of the engine pulley is 4 inches. What
will be the recommended diameter of the
thresher’s pulley?
58. What is the recommended belt size for
the B-type V-belt needed for the drive
above, if its center distance is 60 in.?
59. Recommend for the size of the shaft
needed the thresher above.
Agricultural Power and Allied Subjects
60. A gear rotating at 800 rpm. It is being
driven by another gear at 400 rpm. What
is the speed ratio of the gear drive?
61. A 4 inches wide flat belt is to be used for
driving 12 inches and 24 inches flat
pulleys. What width of the pulleys
would you recommend for the drive?
62. A motor running at a speed of 1725 rpm
is driving a fan at a speed 2100 rpm. The
motor pulley is 127 mm. What is the
speed of the belt that drives the fan?
63. The recommended minimum number of
sprocket teeth for high speed operation.
64. Twenty-hp engine is equal
to__________.
65. The amount of material needed in testing
thresher should have enough samples to
run the machine for at least _____ hour
66. An engine rated at 100 pferde starke has
an equal rating of ____ hp.
67. Suppose a 4-cylinder engine has a bore
of 3.5 in. and a stroke of 4.0 in, what is
the engine displacement.
68. An engine has a piston displacement of
38.4 in³. If the clearance volume of the
cylinder is 2.5 in³, what is its
compression ratio?
69. Number of explosion of piston on a
single cylinder, four stroke cycle engine
in 100 revolution of the crankshaft.
70. Number of times the exhaust valve opens
in 2-stroke cycle engine running at 2000
rpm.
71. What is the indicated horsepower of a
four-stroke, six-cylinder engine having a
4” bore and 4” stroke. The engine is
1500 rpm and the mean effective
pressure is 80 psi.
72. How many times the intake valve opens
in 4-stroke-cycle engine running at 2000
rpm.
73. Two-stroke six-cylinder-internal-
combustion engine has a cylinder bore of
4 inches and a stroke of 4 inches. If the
engine is running at a speed of 1500 rpm,
what is the indicated horsepower of the
engine? The mean effective stroke is 80
psi.
74. Number of times the intake valve opens
in a single-cylinder four-stroke cycle
after completing 200 revolutions.
75. What is the mechanical efficiency of an
engine having a brake horsepower of 8
hp and an indicated horsepower of 10
hp?
76. Ten-hp engine is equivalent to _______.
77. If the compression ratio is 1:17, the
piston displacement volume for 100 cm3
piston clearance volume is
78. Number of pistons for 6 cylinder four
stroke gasoline engine.
79. One horsepower can generate heat
energy equal to
80. If a 4-cylinder, 2-stroke-cycle internal-
combustion engine has 600 explosion per
minute, what is the engine rpm.
81. Considering that the engine in Item
above has a piston diameter of 4” and
piston stroke of 5”, what is the indicated
horsepower of the engine assuming a
mean effective pressure of 102 psi.
82. What is the brake horsepower of the
engine in Item above if the mechanical
efficiency is 80 percent.
83. The indicated power of an engine is 69
horsepower. The brake horsepower is 54.
What is the mechanical or engine
efficiency.
84. What is the thermal efficiency of an
engine which uses 0.6-lb of fuel per
horsepower-hr. The fuel contain 20,000
BTU/lb.
85. The brake constant is _______
86. What is the brake constant value of a
dynamometer whose length of arm is
equal to 1m?
Agricultural Power and Allied Subjects
87. A diesel engine four-stroke cycle with
three cylinder has a cylinder bore of 89
mm and a stroke of 130 mm. The
compression ratio is 16:1 and running at
a speed of 2000 rpm. What is the piston
displacement of the engine per cylinder?
88. What is the total power stroke per minute
of the piston in item above?
89. In item above, what is the total
displacement volume per min. of the
engine?
90. In item above, what is the piston speed of
the engine?
91. In item above, what is the stroke-to-bore
ratio of the engine.
92. A four-cylinder gasoline engine has a
cylinder diameter of 20 cm and a stroke
of 40 cm. The cylinders run at a speed of
150 rpm. The engine is a four-stroke
cycle with a mean effective pressure of 8
kg/cm². What is the area of the piston?
93. What is the length of stroke of the engine
piston in meter in item above?
94. What is the power stroke of the engine
per cylinder in item above?
95. What is the total power stroke of the
engine in item above?
95. What is the indicated horsepower of the
engine?
96. If the engine mechanical efficiency, in
item above, is 80 %, what is the brake
horsepower of the engine?
97. What is the stroke-to-bore ratio of the
engine in item above?
98. If a two-stroke 4-cylinder engine is
running at 2000 rpm, the power stroke
per minute of the engine is ________.
99. Power available on human for useful
work.
100. A person is doing a work for 4 hours,
what is the power developed by the
person?
101. Wind is moving at 4 meters per second.
If the rotor area is 2 square meters, what
is the wind power?
102. Average power density of solar heat
striking the earth surface.
103. One hundred liters per second of water is
falling at a head of 10 meters. The
turbine efficiency is 80 %. What is the
hydraulic power of the hydro system.
104. If farm tractor is rated at 80 horsepower,
its metric equivalent is _______.
105. The heat energy content of coconut shell
charcoal is 14223 BTU/lb. How many
kilo calories are there in 10 kilos of
coconut shell charcoal.
106. A corn cob has an stoichiometric air
requirement of 5.7 kg air/kg fuel. If 3 kg
of corn cob is required to be burned per
hour, how much air in m³/hr is required
for the system.
107. A digester for biogas is to be designed to
accommodate 30 liters of dung per day.
If the feed-material-to-water ratio is 1:1
and the designed retention time is 80
days, what is the capacity of the digester.
108. The capacity required for a 12-volt solar
panel system is 73.6 watt-hour. What is
the ampere-hour capacity of the battery
needed for the system?
109. If the rotor of the windmill originally at 2
meters is to be reduced to 1 meter, the
power output of the machine will be
reduced by _______.
110. Wind flows on a 2-m diameter rotor at a
rate of 2 m/s. Suddenly, the wind flows
at 4 m/s, what would be the power output
of the windmill?
111. If two animals having 0.75 hp each are
harnessed together, the pulling output of
the two animals is ________.
112. One pferde starke (ps) is equal to _____.
a. 0.986 hp
b. 0.735 kw
c. 75 kgf-m/sec
d. All of the above
113. What is the approximate pull of a
carabao whose weight is 1000 kilogram?
Agricultural Power and Allied Subjects
114. A rice husk stove boils 2 liters of water
and subsequently evaporated 0.5 liter.
The initial temperature of water is 27C.
The amount of fuel consumed in boiling
and evaporating water is 1.5 kg. What is
the thermal efficiency of the stove?
Assume a heat of vaporization of water
equal to 540 kCal/kg and heating value
of fuel equal to 3,000 kCal per kg.
115. Compute the volumetric efficiency of a
sprayer pump having a diameter of 20
cm and a stroke of 20 cm. The actual
volume of water displaced per stroke is
0.460 liter.
116. An engine was tested on a brake
dynamometer at a speed of 2000 rpm.
The brake arm of the machine is 1.2
meters and it registered a load of 5 kg.
What is the shaft power of the engine?
117. The engine fuel tank was completely
filled with gasoline fuel before testing.
After 4 hours of continuous test 3.7 liters
of fuel was used to reload the tank
completely. Test has shown that the
engine shaft power was 10 hp. What is
the specific fuel consumption of the
engine?
118. A power tiller was tested on a 10 m wide
plot. During the test, the machine made
22 rounds to complete the plowing
operation using two-0.3 m diameter disk
plow. What is the average swath of the
power tiller?
119. The effective width of cut of a single
bottom moldboard plow drawn by a
power tiller is 10 cm. If the machine
will be used to plow a 2 hectare farm,
what is the total distance that would be
traveled by the machine in order to
accomplished the task?
120. The axle of a power tiller was tested on a
Prony-brake dynamometer. The force
delivered at the brake arm of 1 m was
300 kg at a speed of 25 rpm. Determine
the torque.
121. What is the shaft power of the power
tiller above?
122. Also compute the specific fuel
consumption of the engine that drive the
power tiller above if it consumes diesel
at a rate of 0.9 liters per hour. Density is
0.84 g/Li.
123. Compute the friction head from a 6
meter depth suction pipe of a centrifugal
pump which discharges 0.2 m3/sec of
water. The pipe nominal diameter is 4
inches.
124. A pump which discharges 4 liters per
second at a head of 6 meters is driven by
electric motor. The input current of the
motor is 1.5 amp while the input voltage
is 220 volt. What is the overall
efficiency of the pump if the motor
power factor is 0.98?
125. A pump was installed with a suction head
of 6 m and a discharge head of 10
meters. The discharge rate of the pump
is 60 liters per minute. What is the water
horsepower of the pump?
126. A pump was tested to measure the flow
rate using a 90 degree triangular weir.
Tests have shown that the head of water
into the weir averages to 13 cm. What is
the average rate of flow of the pump?
127. A 1.5 kW split phase motor running at
1740 rpm is to be used to drive a bucket
elevator. The elevator should run at a
speed of approximately 60 rpm. If the
service factor for the bucket elevator is
1.3, what is the design power for the
drive?
128. What is the speed ratio for the drive
above if the motor pulley is 4 inches?
129. Compute the correction factor for a 9.6
BHP spark ignition engine tested at 30 C
ambient air temperature and total
atmospheric air condition of 1011 mbar.
130. What is the corrected BHP of the engine
above?
Agricultural Power and Allied Subjects
131. A four-stroke naturally-aspirated diesel
engine was tested on a prony brake
dynamometer and gives a BHP output of
14.2 horsepower. During the test the
ambient air temperature is 27 C while the
total atmospheric pressure is 1020 mb.
What is the corrected brake horsepower
of the engine?
132. A roller chain drive is to transmit 7.457
kW from a drive shaft to a driven shaft
of a fruit conveyor. The drive shaft
operates at 1200 rpm while the driven
shaft must operate between 370 to 380
rpm. The center distance between drive
shafts as calculated is approximately 572
mm. What is the design power for the
drive if the service factor equal to 1.5?
133. What is the power rating of the drive
above if the design life is 5000 hours?
134. What is the speed ratio of the drive
above?
135. If 11 teeth sprocket will be used for the
drive shaft, how many sprocket teeth will
be used for the driven shaft?
136. If the chain pitch is 12.7 mm, what is the
length of chain needed for the drive?
136. A three-pulley drive is used to deliver
power from an electric motor at a speed
of 17720 rpm to two component parts if
a machine. The motor pulley has a
diameter of 4 inches while the two
machines has a pulley diameters of 6
inches and 8 inches, respectively.
Neglecting the belt slip, what are the
speeds of the two pulleys above?
137. If the center distances of the three
pulleys above are: 24 in., 36 in., and 42
in. for pulley 4 to 6, 6 to 8, and 8 to 4
pulley diameters, respectively, what is
the recommended length of the belt
needed above? Assume an angle of arc
of 135 for pulley 6 and 8, while 90 for
pulley 4 inch diameter.
138. A rice mill transmission drive uses a
standard flat belt of 20 ft. long. The
pulley diameter of the power source is 6
inches. The pulley diameter of the line
shaft is 16 inches. What is the center
distance required for the two shafts?
139. What is the arc of contact of the small
pulley above?
140. What is the arc of contact of the larger
pulley above?
141. A soil pulverizer with pulley diameter of 4
inches runs at a shaft speed of 3,000 rpm.
The 10 hp diesel engine will be used to
operate at a speed of 1740 rpm. What will
be the size of the pulley for the engine?
142. If the standard B72 V-belt will be used,
what would be the center distance of the
pulley?
143. What is the speed of the belt in m/s?
144. What is the arc of contact of the small
pulley?
145. What is the arc of contact of the larger
pulley?
146. An engine is transmitting 13 hp to an axial
flow biomass shredder. The engine pulley
is 4 inches in diameter and runs at a
standard speed of 1740 rpm. What is the
effective pull of the belt?
147. A flat belt with hp rating of 5 kW/mm will
be used to transmit 10 hp. What is the
width of the belt needed for the drive?
Assume a service factor of 2.0 and an arc
correction factor of 0.79.
148. A gasoline engine was tested on a prony
brake dynamometer. The engine runs at a
speed of 200 rpm and registers a load of
100 kg to a 0.8 m brake arm. What is the
BHP of the engine?
149. If the average ambient air temperature
condition during test was 27C and the
atmospheric pressure is 1010 mbar, what
is the corrected BHP of the engine?
150. A multi cylinder engine was tested on a
prony brake dynamometer. The average
shaft torque of the engine was 250 kg-m at
a speed of 1000 rpm. What is the power
output of the engine?
Agricultural Power and Allied Subjects
151. A ball bearing has a basic dynamic
capacity of 1500N. During operation, the
actual load of the bearing unit is 152N.
What is the life of the bearing in years if it
is to be operated continuously for 4 hrs. a
day, 20 days per month and 6 months per
year operation? The bearing runs at 1000
rpm.
152. A five-row seeder will be used to place 5
seeds per hill to a 100 hectare farm. The
seeder row spacing is 30 cm while the hill
spacing is 25 cm. Compute the number of
hills to be planted for the entire area?
153. If the seeder travels at 15 kph, what is the
theoretical field capacity of the machine?
154. What is the effective field capacity of the
machine if the field efficiency is 90%?
155. How long does the machine finish the job
if it will be operated at 8 hrs. per day and
20 days per month?
156. If the seeds weigh 0.1 g/seed and requires
5 seeds per hill, what is the total weight of
the seeds needed? % germinability of
seeds is 98%.
157. A power tiller draws a two-row seeder at
30 cm spacing. The seeder has a 6-pocket
metering device and is driven by a 0.4 m
ground wheel. If the required hill spacing
is 0.3 m, what is the recommended
sprocket ratio for the drive?
158. What is the theoretical field capacity of the
implement if it will run at 4 kph?
159. What is the effective field capacity of the
implement if its field efficiency is 90%?
160. If the seeds per hole is required at 0.08
g/seed, how many kilos of seeds are
needed to finish 10 ha? Assume
germination percentage at 90%.
161. How many hills will be planted for the 10-
hectare farm?
162. How many days will the operation be
finished?
163. If the speed ratio to be used is 1.5, what is
the distance per hill?
164. A water pump with a 0.2m diameter
propeller discharges 60 lpm of water at a
head of 5 m. depth suction and 1 m.
discharge. The pump is driven by an
electric motor at 1720 rpm. The pump
efficiency is 72%, and 90%, respectively.
Compute the WHP.
165. What is the BHP?
166. What is the MHP?
167. If the speed of the pump is to be reduced to
1200 rpm, what is the capacity of the
pump?
168. What is the working head?
169. What is the MHP?
170. Determine the width of cut of a six-800
mm diameter disk plow spaced at 350 mm.
171. What is the effective field capacity of
eight-900 mm diameter disk plow running
at a speed of 10 kph. The disks are spaced
at 500 mm. Assume a plowing efficiency
of 80%.
172. A farmer has a pump which discharges 100
lpm of water at a head of 10 m. The pump
is driven by an electric motor at a speed of
1700 rpm through a 4” x 4” pulley-drive
combination for the motor and the pump,
respectively, what would be the pump
output if the motor pulley is changed to six
inches diameter?