Agricultural Machinery

Testing and Evaluation Center

(AMTEC)
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND AGRO-INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LOS BAÑOS

Agricultural and Fisheries

Machinery Standards
and Testing and Evaluation
 OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION

• BRIEF BACKGROUND ABOUT AMTEC

• PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARDS / PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL

ENGINEERING STANDARDS (PNS/PAES)

• GENERAL METHODS OF TEST

• BASIC INSTRUMENTS, USE, CALIBRATION AND MAINTENANCE

• CONTENTS OF TEST REPORTS AND INTERPRETATION

 BACKGROUND
• AMTEC was established in 11July1977
through a MOA between the DA and UPLB in
response to the need for an official testing
agency for agricultural machinery to guide
stakeholders in determining suitability of
agricultural machinery under Philippine
conditions.
• AMTEC fully administered by UPLB since
1996.
 BACKGROUND
• AMTEC has been the recognized test center
of agricultural and fisheries machinery in
the Philippines.
• Since 1993, DA required that “all agricultural
machinery and equipment being offered by
suppliers, dealers, and manufacturers
should have been tested by AMTEC”(DA
Memorandum Order No. 1, 8March 1993).
 BACKGROUND
DA Administrative Order No. 11, Series of 2001

• “The AMTEC shall be the testing and

evaluation arm of the DA. All agriculture and
fisheries machinery to be acquired under
the various programs and projects of the DA
shall pass through testing by the AMTEC.”
 Vision
Excellence in testing and evaluation of
agricultural and fisheries machinery in the
Philippines, devoted to serving the agricultural
and fishery sectors in the country towards
development, with world-class facilities and
international stature.
 Mission
To actively contribute to the country’s mechanization
efforts by
❑ testing agricultural and fisheries machinery through
quality laboratory and field tests,
❑ evaluating tests results using rational criteria,
❑ actively participating in the development of
performance standards and test procedures,
❑ and conducting training and information
dissemination to capacitate stakeholders
Provisions of RA 10601-
Agricultural and Fisheries
Mechanization Law of 2013 and its IRR
RA 10601 AFMech LAW 2013
and its IRR
RA 10601 AFMech LAW 2013
and its IRR
RA 10601 AFMech LAW 2013
and its IRR
RA 10601 AFMech LAW 2013 and its
IRR
 AMTEC WEB PRESENCE
Web site:
https://www.amtec.uplb.edu.ph
Test Application:
https://www.amtec.uplb.edu.ph/testing-and-
evaluation/application
Standards / PAES:
https://www.amtec.uplb.edu.ph/standards
Facebook:
https://www.facebook.com/amtec.uplb
 AMTEC TESTING AND EVALUATION
• Until 2013, AMTEC has tested more than 2,350
agricultural and fisheries machinery, averaging only 65
machines per year.

• With the implementation of the AFMech Law, the

number has increased
2014 : 171
2015 : 228
2016 : 396

• As of October 2017 : 357

245 more applications
Philippine
Agricultural
Engineering
Standards
• Mostly approved as Philippine
National Standards by BPS
• Adopted as Technical
References/Regulations by DA
• Adopted by the PSAE and the
PRC Board of Agricultural
Engineering for professional
practice
PAES
Classification
General 3
Production machinery 78
Postharvest machinery 66
Engineering materials 68
Agricultural structures 23
Slaughterhouse equipment
12
Irrigation 26
Total 271
PAES DEVELOPMENT

Volume Coverage Machinery and Equipment; Structures

I Production Machinery General, Terminologies, Walking Tractor,

Postharvest Machinery Pumps, Knapsack Sprayers, Small Engines,
Engineering Materials Threshers, Dryers, Mills, Lairage,
Agricultural Structures Slaughterhouse, Warehouse
II Production Machinery Rotary Tillers, 4W Tractor, Small Engines,
Engineering Materials Plows, Harrows, Seeders, Planters, Poultry and
Agricultural Structures Swine Housing, etc.
PAES DEVELOPMENT
Volume Coverage Machinery and Equipment; Structures
III Production Machinery
Sprinklers, Drilling Rig, Electric Motors, Poultry
Engineering Materials
Dressing, Fruit and Veg Structures, etc.
Agricultural Structures
IV Production Machinery Plows, Harrows, Weeders, Furrowers, Forage
Postharvest Machinery Choppers, Reaper, Combine, etc.
V General
Standards Development Guidelines, Weeders,
Production Machinery Drum Seeders, Fertilizer Appl., Combine,
Postharvest Machinery Micromill, Fiber Decort, Coco Oil Expeller, etc.
PAES DEVELOPMENT
Volume Coverage Machinery and Equipment; Structures

VII Slaughterhouse Equipment Hog and Large Ruminant equipment,

Postharvest Machinery Multicrop Washer and Micromill, etc.
VIII Production Machinery Part 1 on Cultivator, Subsoiler, Transplanter,
Hand Pump, Mist Blower, Furnaces, Dryers,
Postharvest Machinery
etc.
Production Machinery Part 2 on Power Sprayers, Sugar Cane
Planter, Coco Coir Decort, Abaca Stripper,
Postharvest Machinery
Feed Mixer, etc.
IX Agricultural Structures
Poultry Plant and Equipment
Slaughterhouse Equipment
PAES DEVELOPMENT
Volume Coverage Machinery and Equipment; Structures

X Production Machinery
Rice Production and Postproduction, Rice
Postharvest Machinery Husk Fed Heating System, Bagged Storage
Agricultural Structure Warehouse
Irrigation and Water
XI
Management Terminologies, Irrigation System Design,
Dams, SWIS, STW, etc.

Soil Sampling and

Determination
pH, N, OM, P, K, CEC. Etc.
 What are in Standards?
• Specifications
✓ Definitions
✓ Classification
✓ Principles of Operation
✓ Requirements and Criteria – Manufacturing;
Performance; Health and Safety,
Workmanship and Finish; Warranty,
Maintenance and Operation; Markings and
Labeling
 What are in Standards?
• Methods of Tests
✓ Definitions
✓ General Conditions for Test and
Inspection - selection of machine to be
tested; role of applicant and operator;
test site conditions; test materials
requirements; suspension of test
 What are in Standards?
• Methods of Tests
✓ Test Preparation – running in; test
instruments and other materials
✓ Pre-test observations – verification of
specifications
✓ Laboratory and/or field performance
tests
✓ Data collection and analysis;
calculations
 Methods of Tests

• Specific for different machinery but

generally requires:

✓ Verification of specifications
provided by the supplier
✓ Establishing actual performance
 Methods of Tests
GENERAL CONCEPTS

• CAPACITY – how much can the

machine process per unit time

✓ Input – based on input material or raw

product and loading time
✓ Output – based on amount of processed
product and output time
 Methods of Tests
GENERAL CONCEPTS

• RECOVERY – ratio between the total

weight of processed output collected
at the main outlet to the total weight of
input, expressed in percentage
 Methods of Tests
GENERAL CONCEPTS

• EFFICIENCY – ratio of actual to

theoretical , expressed in percentage;
ratio of total weight of processed
output collected at all outlets to the
total input to the machine, expressed
in percentage
 Methods of Tests
GENERAL CONCEPTS

• % LOSSES – ratio of processed output

collected at other than the main
outlets to the total input to the
machine, expressed in percentage
 Test Equipment
• Basic – measuring tape/ruler/caliper, timer,
weighing scale, graduated cylinder, camera
• Specialized – meters of various kinds like:
✓ Temperature meter – thermometer,
probes/sensors
✓ Pressure gage/manometer
✓ Hygrometer
✓ Anemometer
✓ pyranometer
 Test Equipment
• Specialized – meters of various kinds like:
✓ Tachometer
✓ Sound level meter
✓ Accelerometer
✓ Multimeter
✓ Power meter/watt-hour meter
✓ Moisture meter
✓ Water quality (pH, conductivity,
dissolved oxygen), etc.
 Test Equipment
• Laboratory equipment:
✓ Standard sieves, sieve shaker
✓ Moisture meter
✓ Laboratory oven
✓ Desiccators
✓ Test milling laboratory (dryer, aspirator,
sample divider, huller, whitener,
grader)
 Test Equipment
• Laboratory equipment:
✓ Dynamometer
✓ Pressure gage/sensor/transducer
✓ Load cell
✓ Torque transducer
✓ Signal amplifier/indicator
✓ Patternator, etc.
Test Equipment Calibration and Maintenance

• Some people do a comparison check of

two meters, and call them “calibrated” if
they give the same reading.
• This isn’t calibration. It’s simply an
instrument check.
Test Equipment Calibration and Maintenance
• It can show you if there’s a problem, but
it can’t show you which meter is right.
• If both meters are out of calibration by
the same amount and in the same
direction, it won’t show you anything. Nor
will it show you any trending - you won’t
know your instrument is headed for an
“out of calibration” condition.
Test Equipment Calibration and Maintenance
• Calibration is a comparison between a
known measurement (the standard) and
the measurement using your instrument.
• Checks the accuracy of the instrument.
• Determines the traceability of the
measurement.
Traceability – The linking of measurement standards and/or measuring
instruments to relevant national or international standards through an
unbroken chain of comparisons.
Test Equipment Calibration and Maintenance
• For an effective calibration, the
calibration standard must be more
accurate than the instrument under test.
• Calibration typically requires a standard
that has at least 10 times the accuracy of
the instrument under test.
• In practice, calibration also includes
repair of the device if it is out of
calibration.
Test Equipment Calibration and Maintenance
• The accuracy of all measuring devices
degrade over time.
• This is typically caused by normal wear
and tear.
• Changes in accuracy can also be
caused by electric or mechanical shock
or a hazardous environment (e.g., oils,
metal chips, etc.).
Test Equipment Calibration and Maintenance
• Depending on the type of the instrument
and the environment in which it is being
used, it may degrade very quickly or
over a long period of time.
• The bottom line is that, calibration
improves the accuracy of the measuring
device.
•
Test Equipment Calibration and Maintenance
• A measuring device should be
calibrated:
✓ According to recommendations of the
manufacturer.
✓ After any mechanical or electrical shock.
✓ Periodically (annually, quarterly, monthly).
✓ Before and after a critical measuring
project.
✓ Per requirements.
 INTERPRETATION AND EVALUATION
OF TEST RESULTS
• The interpretation and evaluation of the test results
shall utilize the PNS/PAES and may be undertaken by
any third party licensed ABE.
• For government procurement of agricultural and
fisheries machinery without PNS/PAES, the test results
shall be evaluated by the licensed ABE of the
procuring entity and forwarded to BAFE.
Test Reports include the following information:
Title (Year, Number, Name of Machine, Model)
Summary – includes a table summarizing specifications and
performance
Purpose and Scope of Test
Methods of Test
Description of the Machine
Machine Specifications
Results and Discussions
Performance test data and discussion
Observations (including pictures)
Preliminary Test Report
Summarizes important specifications and
performance, issued prior to the final Test Report
DA DC 05, Series of 2017 provides that “… preliminary
test reports may be given and accepted as valid
procurement document…”
Validity will be up to one year after issuance, or until
replaced by the final Test Report
Machines
Tested at
AMTEC
 Small Engines
Small Engines - fully equipped internal combustion
engines with one or two cylinders of up to 20 kW
rating used for agricultural purposes.
Classification:
Type of fuel used
 Gasoline
 Diesel
 Type of fuel ignition system
 Spark ignition
 Compression ignition
 Small Engines
Orientation of engine cylinder
 Vertical
 Horizontal
 Inclined/Diagonal
Type of cooling system
 Water-cooled
 Air-cooled
 Small Engines
Arrangement of valves and camshaft
 Side valve (SV)
Overhead valve (OHV)
Overhead cam
Number of cycle
Two-stroke
Four-stroke
 Small Engines

Type of starting system

Hand cranked (Manual
cranking lever, rope, rope-
recoil)
Electrically started
 Small Engines
Performance based on PAES
 Easy starting.
 MaximumPower shall be at least 80% of the Rated
maximum power shall be attained.
 Continuous
Power shall be at least 80% of the Rated
Maximum Power
 Noise Level Shall be 92 db(A) maximum
 No breakdown during the test
 Small Engines
Some Commercial Engines Available in the
market
1. YANMAR (Japan, Indonesia)
2. KUBOTA (Japan, Indonesia (RK models),
Thailand (RT models)
3. KUVICO (Vietnam)-Kubota Vietnam
Company
4. HONDA (Japan, Thailand, China,
Assembled in the Philippines)
Small Engines
 Small Engines

KOHLER Engines – KOHLER Wisconcin, U.S.A.

Japan-made gasoline engines

MITSUBISHI ROBIN
MITSUBISHI ROBIN

HONDA
HONDA
China-made gasoline engines

DUCAR KASAMA

KENBO PLATINUM
 Small Engines
B. DIESEL ENGINES
- Water-cooled and Air-cooled
- Usually Low speed compared
to gasoline engines. Rated
speed could be 1500, 1800,
2200, 2400, 2600 rpm
- For Water-cooled, majority are horizontal
cylinder.
- For Air-cooled, these are vertical cylinder (usually
3600 rpm)
Japan-made diesel engines

YANMAR Air-cooled
 Indonesia-made diesel engines

KUBOTA RK models YANMAR TF models

 India-made diesel engines

 KIRLOSAKAR
 COMET
 GREAVES
KOREA-made diesel engines
- DAEDONG
- TONGYANG
 Thailand-made diesel engines
-KUBOTA RT Models
- GOLDEN BOW
- PLATINUM
ITALY-made diesel engines
- LOMBARDINI
- RUGERRINI
- ACME
Vietnam-made diesel engines
 KUVICO
 VIKYNO
China-made diesel engines
- KAMA
- KASAMA
- NITOO
- LONCIN
- KATO
- SUMO
- ETC…
 Four-wheel Tractor
Four-wheel Tractor- self-propelled,
wheeled vehicle having two axles
designed to carry, pull or propel
agricultural implements and machines.
Classification
Two-wheel drive
Four-wheel drive
 Four-wheel Tractors
- Characteristics of tractors
- Engines: Naturally-aspirated or Turbo-
charged or Turbocharged w/ intercooler
- Steering system: Mechanical, power assist,
or full hydrostatic
- Transmission: Collar shift or synchro-mesh
 Four-wheel Tractors
Transmission System
Gear arrangement
1. Main gear (1st , 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th)
2. Range gear (Low, Medium, High)
3. Shuttle (Forward, Reverse)
 Four-wheel Tractors
Some Commercial Tractors Available in the market
a) KUBOTA (Japan, Thailand)
b) YANMAR (Japan, Thailand)
c) JOHN DEERE (U.S.A., Germany, Brazil, India,
China)
d) NEW HOLLAND (Turkey, Korea, India)
e) CASE IH (Turkey)
 Four-wheel Tractors
f. LANDINI (Italy)
g. MC CORMICK (Italy)
h. MASSEY FERGUSON (Japan, Switzerland, India)
I. EUROTRAC (China)
j. FARMTRAC (India)
k. LOVOL (China)
 Four-wheel Tractors
l. SAME, MAHINDRA, SONALIKA, PREET (India)
m. ZETRO PROXIMA (Czech Republic)
n. POWERTRAC, FUJIMOTO, TRAX, DONG FENG,
(China)
o. KIOTI, BRANSON, TONGYANG, LS, NEW
HOLLAND (Korea)
 Four-wheel Tractors

Korean made

KIOTI BRANSON
 Four-wheel tractors

Korean made

LS NEW HOLLAND
 Four-wheel Tractors
Turkey

ARMATRAC CASE-IH
Turkey made

NEW HOLLAND
Brazil made
 JOHN DEERE TRACTORS
(U.S.A., Germany,
Brazil, India, China)
 Four-wheel Tractors

Thailand made

YANMAR KUBOTA
 Four-wheel Tractors

From Italy…

LANDINI Mc CORMICK
 Four-wheel Tractors

China made

EUROTRAC LOVOL
 Four-wheel Tractors

 China made

SHUHE POWERTRAC
Four-wheel Tractors
Four-wheel tractors
 Centrifugal Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps – a machine with impeller and
casing use to lift or transfer liquid from one
source to another.
Classification
Energy conversion
a) Volute
b) Diffuser
 Centrifugal Pumps
Type of Impellers
a) Open
b) Semi-open
c) Closed (Enlosed)
 Centrifugal Pumps
According to suction inlet
a) Single suction
b). Double suction
Axis of rotation
a) Horizontal
b). Vertical
 Centrifugal Pumps
Method of Priming
a) Non-self-Priming
b) Self-priming

Performance Evaluation
 TheDischarge Capacity and the Head specified by
the manufacturer shall be attained.
 Centrifugal Pumps
COMMERCIAL PUMPS
- BARE PUMPS
Non-self-priming (use closed impeller)
Self-priming (use semi-open impeller0
- PUMPSETS
Closed-coupled
Belt-driven
Centrifugal Pumps
 Walking-type Agricultural tractors

WALKING TYPE AGRICULTURAL TRACTORS

- Hand Tractors/walk-behind
- Power Tillers
- Floating Tillers
 Hand Tractors
Power Tillers
FLOATING Tillers
MECHANICAL RICE THRESHERS
- Machine used to detach rice grains from the
panicle.
- Axial-flow or through-flow
- Hold-on or Throw-in
- With or without cleaning components
Axial-flow
Through-flow
Hold-on
Throw-in
Rice Reaper
- Cut and lays stalks of planted rice
crop
- Currently 1.2 m width of cut
- Self-propelled
Rice Reaper
RICE COMBINE HARVESTERS
- Cutting and Threshing in one
machine
- Self-propelled
- Usually track type
- Sack or tank type
Sack type Tank type
Solar-powered Irrigation System
 Drone-powered Agricultural Sprayers
 END …

Thank you for listening!

Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center (AMTEC)
College of Engineering and Agro-Industrial Technology
University of the Philippines Los Baños
College, Laguna 4031
AMTEC Mobile: +63 921 400 7137 / 977 204 7236