iudc ixj¾Okh yd fldñhqksiaÜjdoh

iudc ixj¾Okh keu;s woyi ,snr,ajdoh yd idïm%odhsl jfï foaYmd,k ls

%hdj,Ska i|yd mokï woyila f,i mj;S' tu ksidu ñksia YsIagdpdrh
f,daldjhdkhla olajd jQ .uka ud¾.hlg wj;S¾Kù we;' wog jvd fyg fyd|hs'
ixj¾Okh lrd iudch fufyhúh hq;=hs' wksjd¾h f,i f,dalh m%.;sh lrd .uka
lrhs' hkd§ f,i fuu woyia iudc .;ù we;' fuys§ wm n,dfmdfrd;a;=jkafka iudc
ixj¾Okh hkqfjka woyia jkafka l=ulao hkak yd tys wÿre m%Ó úmdl úuid
ne,Sughs'

iudc ixj¾Ok u;jdoh hkq ir,j mejiqjfyd;a f,dalh hï Èkl my, ir, ;eklska
wdrïNù wkd.;h olajd tkï ixlS¾K by, ;eklg p,kh jkakla nj ms,s.eksuh' fï
ldrKh ;j;a ir,j meyeÈ,s lrkafka kï uyd msmqreu u.ska fm!;=ú f.da,h
ks¾udKh ùh' miqj ±ä WKqiqñka ±fjñka mej;s fm!;=úh isis,a úh' c,
f.da,h Ys,d f.da,h f,i th folvúh' miqj c,fha Ôjh wdrïN ù m,uqj tal ffi,sl
Ôúhd ìysúh' Ydl ìysùu yd tys wdydr ksmoúfï ls%hdj,sh ksid jdhq f.da,h
Ôjhg ys;lrúh' tal ffi,sl Ôúhd nyq ffY,sl Ôùka njgm;aù c,fhka f.dvìug
meñfka tu Ôúka mßKduh ù jdkrhd ìys jk w;r jdkrhdf.ka ñksid ìysúh'
^pd,aia vdúkaf.a mßKdujdoh&l%ufhka Èhqkq jk ñksid .skaor ksmojd
.kS .kS' frdaoh ks¾udKh lrhs' wd.ï" o¾Yk" úoHdjka ks¾udKh lrhs' jdIam
bkaðu fidahd f.k jdyk" fk!ld "ÿïßh ksmojhs' uyoaùm;rKh lrhs' mß>klh
ksmojhs' y| ;rKh lrhs' tfukau wkd.;fha fuu ilajf,ka tyd .%y f,dal ;rKh lsÍug
iQodkïfõ' fuu iudc ixj¾Ok u;jdofha m%Odk ,CIkhla jkafka f.dvke.s,s
"hdk jdyk hkd§ øjHuh Èhqkqj ixj¾Okh f,i Ndr .ekSuh'

ta wkqj Tng meyeÈ,s úh hq;af;a m%ia;drhl ìkaÿfõ isg wkql%ufhka by,

k.sk wdldrhg iudcfha fjkiaùu meyeÈ,s lsÍu iudc ixj¾Okh njhs' ta wkqj
mj;sk OfkaYajr iudch mokï ù we;af;a iudc ixj¾Okh u;h' merks f,dalh
fkdÈhqkq nj;a j¾;udk f,dalh Bg jvd Èhqkq nj;a wkd.; f,dalh óg;a jvd
Èhqkq úh yels nj;a bka lshfõ' ta wkqj mqrdk ±kqï moaO;Ska yd wd.ï
ñ:djka yd fkdÈhqkq tajd f,i neyer lrkq ,efí'

iudc ixj¾Okh hk woyi mek k.skafka hqfrdamd YsIagdpdrh mokï lr

.ksñks' úfYaIfhkau 15 jk ishjfia mqkreofha;a "17-$18 ishji j, nqoaê m
%fndaO hq.fha u;jdo yryd .S%l frdau YsIagdpdr j, l,d ixialD;sl Wreuhka
kùlrKhùu;a ngysr o¾Ykh yd ngysr fN!;sl úoHdfõ mek ke.Su;a ls
%ia;shdks wd.u kùlrKhùu;a fuu woyi mek ke.Sug fya;= úh'

iudc ixj¾Okh ms<sn| fuu woyi m%Odk foaYmd,k woyia follg mokïùh
tlla ,snr,a jdohhs' wfkl iudcjdohhs' 1880 muk jk f;la ld,a udlaiaf.a woyia
j, mjd iudc ixj¾Okh hk woyi .eìj ;sìks' kuq;a reishdkq udlaiajdÈkshlajQ
fõrd iiq,sÉ jekakka iu. ;snQ ixjdohka ikd; lrkafka miqj Tyq úiska tu woyia
w;ayer ±uQ njhs' Tyq úiska fuda¾.kaf.a mqrd;k iudch"ví,sú *sh¾iaf.a
bkaohdfõ yd ,xldfõ wd¾h .%du"fcdaka ¨ífndlaf.a YsIagdpdrfha Wm;"iu¾
uhskaf.a wh;k .;ùfï b;sydih hk lD;s ms,sn|j úu¾Ykhka yd wdishdl;sl
ksIamdok udÈ,sh ms,sn| woyia Bg idCIs orhs'
wmg wkqj iudc ixj¾Okh ms,sn| woyi lsisfjl=g ms,s.; yels ldrKhla fkdfõ'
th yqÿ ±kqï moaO;shla mukla jk w;r ngysr YsIagdpdrh yd tys m%ÓM,h
jk Okjdoh ;yjqre lsÍug ìysjQ u;jdohls' wfkla w;g fldñhqksiaÜjdoh
ms,s.kakka f,i wmg fuu woyi fldfy;au ms,s.; fkdyel' iudc fjkiaùï ksIaÑ; l
%ufõohlg wkqj ùhehs hk woyi ta wkqj m%nkaol;djla jk w;r iudc fjkiaùï
isÿjQfha jpk j,ska úia;r l, yels wdldrfha ksIaÑ; ms<sfj,la wkqj fkdfõ'

iudc ixj¾Okh hk woyi ksfYaOkh jk idCIs mqrdk kgnqka .Dy ks¾udK

"idïm%odhsl ffjµ l%u j, kYaGdj fYaI"Ñ;% leghï idys;H "mqrdk m; fmd; l,d
lD;s ;=,ska fmkajd Èh yel' Bðma;=fõ iQm%lg msróv"wnqisïn,a jeks
foajia:dk tajd ;=, we;s Ñ;% igyka yd rEmCIr f,aLk "fulaisfldaj yd ,;ska
weußldkqq rgj, we;s bkald "udhd YsIagdpdrhkag wh;a bÈlsÍï
leghï'iafgdaka fyakaÊ kgnqka "bkaÈhdfõ wcka;d" Nd.a "w,af,dard
jeks .=yd ixlS¾K yd tajd fha Ñ;% uQ¾;s leghï' fudfydkafodacdfrda
yrmamd kgnqka "áfngh yd Ñkh ;=,ska fidhd.;a mqrdK ;dCIKh yd ffjµ l
%u .ek ,shjqkq m; fmd;"wms%ldfõ fYaIj we;s l,d ixialD;sldx."iïm%odhsl
ffjµ l%u jeks úYd, l¿ iNH;ajhla ms<sn|j jk kgnqka yd ckm%jdoWodyrk
f,i±laúh yelsh'

,xldfõ Wodyrk lsmhla i,ld ne¿jfyd;a úfYaaIfhkau rejka je,s uyd iEh
"wNh.sßh"fÊ;jkh jeks úYd, bÈlsÍï f.dvke.Sug Ndú;d l, ;dCIKh kQ;k bÈlsÍï
;dCIKh fkdfõ' iS.sßh yd tys c, ;dCIKh ishjia .Kkdjla mej;s Ñ;%" mrdl%u
iuqøh "l,d jej jeks úYd, jeõ fhdaO we, jeks c, ud¾."wjqlk ielafiarej
nqÿrej.," ud,s.dú, jeks fhdaO ffY,uh nqÿ ms,su "wkqrdOmqrfha yd
fmdf,dkakrefõ mqrdk k.r yd frday,a j, kgnqka mqrdk ie;alï WmlrK hkdÈh
úiska fmkajd fokafka ±kg jvd ixlS¾K yd iul, yels ;rfï .!y ks¾udK l,djla
"bÈlÍfï ;dCIkhla "jdßud¾. ;dCIKhla "ffjoH l%uhla "Ñ;% yd uQ¾;s l,djka
mej;s njh'

iudc ixj¾Okh keu;s woyig úreoaOj mek ke.s m%Odk u;jdohka w;r
cd;sjdoh jeo.;a ;ekla ysñlr .kS' ' tys § wog jvd w;S;fha iaj¾Kuh hq.hla
mej;s nj;a ta lrd wdmiq hdula isÿ úh hq;= njla lshjqks' úfYaIfhkau
Okjdohg úreoaOj ìysjqkq uqia,Sï uQ,O¾ujdoh" l¿ ñksiqkaf.a úuqla;sh .ek
idlÉPd l, ria;mdß jHdmdrh"*eisiaÜjdoh jeks úl,am kQ;k;ajhka i|yka l,
yelsh' fuu woyi hï w;S;ldó iajrEmhla .kakd w;r iudc ixj¾Okh hk woyi
wkd.;fha § Wodjk fi!Nd.Hu;a iudchla ms<sn| fmdfrdkaÿjla fok w;r
cd;sjd§ w;S;lduh úiska wmg w;S;fha fi!Nd.Hu;a iudchla mej;=kq njg yd
th lsisfjl= úiska úkdY l, njg yeÕjqula ,nd foa '

wm Okjdohg yd iudc ixj¾Okh hk woyig úreoaOj l;dlrk úg fndfyda fokd

wmjo w;S;ldó úl,am kQ;k;ajhla foaYkd lrkakka f,i i,ld úfõpkh lrkq ,efí'
kuq;a meyeÈ,sj lsj hq;af;a wm úiska fhdackd lrkafka w;S;hg wdmiq
hdula fkdjk njh' wm fhdackd lrkafka fjkils' Okjdoh ;=, we;s Y%u
úNckh"oDIaÀjdohka"mrdfrdamKh"wdh;k.;ùï"OQrdj,ska" wdêm;H hkd§
OfkaYjr ,CIK fjkia lsÍula .ekh' th w;S;lduhlaj;a wog jvd fyg fyd|hs
mkakfha oDIaájdohlaj;a fkdfõ' tfukau ixj¾Okh hkak wm jgyd .kakd
øjHuh Èhqkqjla f,i fkdfõ iudc ixj¾Okh hk woyi fN!;sl Èhqkqj f,i jgyd .;a
,snr,a OfkaYajr u;jdoh wmg Wreu lr we;af;a wfma uQ,sl wjYH;d ;=k jk
jd;h "c,h"wdydr mjd ;¾ckhg ,la lrñka wfma meje;au mjd wfydais lrk
;;ajhlgh'

fï wkqj wmg wjOdrKh l, hq;af;a iudc ixj¾Okh keu;s woyi úiska f,dalh
úkdYh olajd f.k hk njh' tfiau Bg úl,am f,i u;= jk cd;sjdohka tkï úl,am
kQ;k;ajhka fuhg úi÷ï fhdackd lsÍug wiu;a jk njh' idïNdjH udlaiajdoh
úYajdi lrkakka iudcjdoh úi÷ula f,i f.k wdjo w;S; w;a±lSï úiska fmkajd
fokafka th úi÷ula fkdjk njh' fuys we;s .eg¿j jkafka w;S;ldó cd;sjdoh
fukau wkd.;jd§ Okjdoh yd iudcjdoho úYajdi lrkafka ixj¾Okh hkq øjHuh
Èhqkqj f,i jgyd .ekSuh' wmf.a úYajdih jkafka ienE ixj¾Okh hkq øjHuh
Èhqkqj fkdfõ' wmf.a meje;au yd ñksia iïnkao;d wdrCIdùuhs' ta i|yd wm
fhduq úh fldñhqksiaÜjoh foig nj wmf.a úYajdihhs'