MOTOR HIDROLIK

Pertemuan ke 6 & 7
 HYDRAULIC MOTORS
HYDRAULIC POWER TRANSMISSION
MOTOR OSCILLATORY LINEAR
ACTUATOR ACTUATOR

VALVING

PUMP PRIME
MOVER
 Prinsip Dasar
• Hydraulic motors are used to transmit fluid
power through linear or rotary motion
• Hydraulic motors are classified as rotary
actuators
• pumps perform the function of adding energy
to a hydraulic
• Motor extract energy from a fluid and convert
it to a mechanical output to perform useful
work
 HYDRAULIC MOTORS
WHAT IS A HYDRAULIC MOTOR ?
It is a device which converts the
hydraulic energy (power) generated by a pump into
mechanical energy (power) in the form of
torque and rotation (rpm)

For a Hydraulic Pump, the main function is to -

Displace as much oil as possible per revolution.
To achieve this an optimum volumetric efficiency at the
cost of mechanical efficiency is required.
On the other hand, the Hydraulic Motors have to deliver
maximum mechanical power at the load point.

4
 MOTOR & PUMP EFFICIENCY
• Pump Volumetric Efficiency

Qt : Vd x Rpm
 MOTOR EFFICIENCY
FLOW : DISPLACEMENT X RPM/ 231
RPM th : 231 X FLOW / DISPLACEMENT

EFF VOLUMETRIC : ACTUAL MOTOR SPEED/THEORITICAL SPEED

 MOTOR PERFORMANCE
• Merupakan fungsi dari pressure
• Jika Pressure bertambah,
• - Leakage bertambah
• - RPM Turun
• - Jumlah Energi mekanis yang di delivered ke
beban akan berkurang
• Pompa develope flow dan set pressure
• Motor menerima flow dan reproduce gerak
putaran
 CONTOH
• Simple example :
• Suppose a motor has a displacement of 3.9 in3/rev. Measured
flow is 10 GPM. The theoretical output speed is

• RPM th = 231. Q/Vd th

• Where
• RPM th = theoretical motor speed(rpm)
• Q = flow (GPM)
• Vd th = motor displacement (in3/rev)
• Substituting,
• Nmth = 231(10)/3,9 = 592 rpm
• Assuming the measured speed is 536 rpm ,
the motor volumetric efficiency is
• Eff volumetric motor = 536/592 x 100% =
90.5%
MOTOR MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY

Tt : Displ x Pressure/6,28
Displacement : in3/rev
Pressure : Psi
PUMP MECH EFFICIENCY
 MOTOR OVERALL EFFICIENCY

EFF OVERALL : ACTUAL OUTPUT POWER/INPUT

POWER

Eff Overall : Eff Vol x Eff Mekanis

• Input power is hydraulic power measured at motor
inlet port and the output power is mechanical power
delivered by the motor output shaft
Pin = ΔP . Q/1714 ( HP)
Pout = TN / 63025

T : torsi, lb in, N : rpm

 HYDRAULIC MOTORS
HYDRAULIC MOTOR - Graphical Symbols

Envelope

In Out

Dotted Line Uni - Directional

for Drain Hyd. Motor
– Fixed Displacement
Solid
Triangle (
Hydraulic )

Variable Displacement
Bi - Directional Bi - Directional
Hyd. Motor Hyd. Motor
– Fixed Displacement
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 HYDRAULIC MOTORS
SALIENT FEATURES OF A HYDRAULIC MOTOR
Rapid Reversal
 HYDRAULIC MOTORS
SALIENT FEATURES OF A HYDRAULIC MOTOR
Rapid Reversal
 HYDRAULIC MOTORS
SALIENT FEATURES OF A HYDRAULIC MOTOR

Speed Variation

Electric Motor  Torque Converters/VFD

Hydraulic Motor  Simple Flow
Control Valve

Size Comparison

Power Density of
Hydraulic Motor  Electric Motor

0,5 lb/hp dibanding 10 lb/hp

 HYDRAULIC MOTORS
SALIENT FEATURES OF A HYDRAULIC MOTOR

Stall Performance

Electric Motor  Trips / Stops

Hydraulic Motor  Stall Torque
possible to achieve
 MOTOR TORQUE
• Starting torque: The starting torque is the
turning force the motor exerts from a dead
stop.
• Running torque: Running torque is exerted
when the motor is running and changes
whenever there is a change in fluid pressure.
• Stalling torque: Stalling torque is the torque
necessary to stop the motor
 HYDRAULIC MOTORS
SALIENT FEATURES OF A HYDRAULIC MOTOR
Unfavourable Environment
Fluid Motors can be used in Dangerous,
Difficult environment.

Speed Regulation
Speed = No Load - Loaded
Regulation Speed x 100
No Load Speed
Speed Variations
Electric Motor  3 %
Most Hyd. Motors  10 - 15 %
( Except for Radial Piston Motors )
 HYDRAULIC MOTORS
MAJOR APPLICATIONS

CONSTRUCTION
MINING
MATERIAL HANDLING
EARTH MOVING
PLASTICS
MACHINE TOOLS
AGRICULTURE
RAILWAY EQUIPMENT
 HYDRAULIC MOTORS
CLASSIFICATION OF HYDRAULIC MOTORS

GEOMETRY OF THE ACTUATING MECHANISM

SPEED AND TORQUE RATING

HIGH TORQUE LOW TORQUE

LOW SPEED MOTORS HIGH SPEED MOTORS
( HTLS ) ( LTHS )

RADIAL PISTON MOTORS AXIAL PISTON MOTORS

CRANKSHAFT SWASH PLATE

CAM - LOBE BENT AXIS

 GEROTOR MOTOR GEAR MOTORS

VANE MOTORS
 HYDRAULIC MOTORS
GEAR MOTORS

COMPACT

LOW COST

LOW EFFICIENCY ( 60% - 70% )

SPEED RANGE ( 500 – 3000 rpm )

CANNOT BE USED FOR LOW SPEED

 HYDRAULIC MOTORS
GEAR MOTORS
 HYDRAULIC MOTORS
GEAR RING MOTORS ( ORBIT MOTORS )
 Higher power output for a given outer dimensions.

 Overall efficiency low.

 Volumetric efficiency low.

 Low cost.

 Rotation at low speed not smooth.

 Higher heat generation ( loss of energy )

 HYDRAULIC MOTORS
GEAR RING MOTORS (GEROTOR/ ORBIT MOTORS )

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 HYDRAULIC MOTORS
GEAR RING MOTORS ( ORBIT MOTORS )
 HYDRAULIC MOTORS
VANE MOTORS

 DESIGN COMPLICATED

 MANUFACTURING COMPLICATED

 HIGH COST

 MEDIUM TORQUE

 MEDIUM SPEED

 CHANGE OF SPEED WITH CHANGE OF TORQUE POSSIBLE

 HYDRAULIC MOTORS
VANE MOTORS
 HYDRAULIC MOTORS
AXIAL PISTON MOTORS
• LOW TORQUE
• HIGH SPEED
• COMPLICATED DESIGN
• MANUFACTURING DIFFICULT
• HIGH COST
• REVERSING SHAFT OUTPUT EASY
• SPEED CONTROL POSSIBLE
• TORQUE CONTROL POSSIBLE
 HYDRAULIC MOTORS
AXIAL PISTON MOTORS

Swash Plate Design

 HYDRAULIC MOTORS
AXIAL PISTON MOTORS
Bent Axis Design

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 HYDRAULIC MOTORS
RADIAL PISTON MOTORS
 HIGH STARTING TORQUE
 HIGH RUNNING TORQUE
 COMPACT IN SIZE (SPECIFIC TORQUE HIGH)
 BI-DIRECTIONAL
 LOW SPEED POSSIBLE ( < 10 rpm)
 TORQUE VARIATION POSSIBLE
 LOW NOISE
 VIBRATION VERY LOW
 HIGH MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY
 HIGH VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY
 INSTANT REVERSING POSSIBLE
 HYDRAULIC MOTORS
RADIAL PISTON MOTORS

Crank Shaft Design

 HYDRAULIC MOTORS
RADIAL PISTON MOTORS

 Swivelling Cylinder
 Double Piston
Support bearing.
 HYDRAULIC MOTORS
RADIAL PISTON MOTORS
 HYDRAULIC MOTORS
RADIAL PISTON MOTORS
 HYDRAULIC MOTORS
MOTOR RATINGS
The rating of hydraulic motors are done based on the following
operating parameters :
Displacement
Torque capacity
Speed
Operating Pressure

Displacement : of a hydraulic motor is defined as the

amount of fluid required to turn the motor shaft by one
revolution.
 HYDRAULIC MOTORS
MOTOR RATINGS
Torque : Torque is the turning force developed at the
motor shaft due to its rotation. The value of Torque
increases with an increase in operating pressure, and
decreases when the pressure decreases.

Speed : The speed of a hydraulic motor depends on its

displacement and the flow rate to it.

Operating Pressure : The pressure required by a hydraulic

motor depends on the torque requirement and its
displacement
 HYDRAULIC MOTORS
MOTOR SELECTION

OUTPUT PARAMETERS :  SPEED ( RPM )

 TORQUE ( KG – M )

MOTOR PARAMETER :  DISPLACEMENT ( CC / REV. )

HYD. PARAMETERS :  FLOW ( LPM )

 PRESSURE ( BAR )

TORQUE :  DISPLACEMENT X PR. X m

628

SPEED :  FLOW X 1000 X V

DISPLACEMENT
 HYDRAULIC MOTORS
EFFECT ON HYDRAULIC MOTOR DURING CHANGE IN
HYD. SETTINGS UNDER CONSTANT LOAD CONDITION

CHANGE SPEED EFFECT ON TORQUE

OPERATING AVAILABILITY
PRESSURE
Increase pressure setting No Effect No Effect Increases
Decrease pressure setting No Effect No Effect Decreases
Increase flow Increases No Effect No Effect
Decrease flow Decreases No Effect No Effect
Increase displacement (Size) Decreases Decreases Increases
Decrease displacement (Size) Increases Increases Decreases
 Contoh 1
• A hydraulic motor receives a flow rate of 72
LPM at a pressure of 12000 kPa. If the motor
speed is 800 RPM, determine the actual
torque delivered by the motor assuming the
efficiency 100%?

SOLUTION

Overall eff : actual power output/ input power

Power output : T x N/6320
Power input : P x Q/1714
1 Pa = 1 N/m2
 latihan

A hydraulic system contains a pump that discharges oil at 13.8 MPa and
0.00632 M3/S to a hydraulic motor shown in Fig. above. The pressure at the
motor inlet is 12.40 MPa due to pressure drop in the line. If oil leaves the
motor at 1.38 MPa,
a. Determine the power delivery by the 100% efficient motor
b. What torque would a hydraulic motor deliver at a speed of 1750 RPM if
it produces 3 kW
c) If the flow dan pressure remains constant at 13.8 MPa,
(i) what would be the effect of doubling the speed on the
torque and
(ii) what would be the effect of halving the speed on the
torque?
 latihan

A hydraulic motor has a displacement of 164 cm3 and

operates with a pressure of 70 bar and a speed of 2000
rpm. If the actual flow rate consumed by the motor is
0.006 m3/s and the actual torque delivered by the motor
is 170 Nm, find (a) Eff Vol (b) Eff Mekanis (c) Eff Overall
(d) actual power delivered by the motor