Group 7:

Hydraulic
Motor
FLUID POWER (SEMM4323)
Our Group
Chapter 7 : Hydraulic Motors

1. Sarveshkaran Yogalingam

2. Kuganeshwaran

3. Kapil Kavi Singh

4. Firdaus Mahdal
 7.1 Introduction

Hydraulic motors extract energy from a fluid and convert it to mechanical

energy to perform useful work. Types :

limited rotation (rotary actuator or an oscillating motor)

continuous rotation (hydraulic motor)

Hydraulic motors are typically of the gear, vane, or piston configuration

The hydraulic system involved in the energy transformation are hydrostatic

transmissions specifically designed to drive a hydraulic motor.

Hydraulic impact
Wrench (gear motor)
7.1 Introduction

Advantages of hydrostatic transmissions

power transmission to remote ares

infinitely variable speed control
overload protection
reverse rotation capability
dynamic braking
high power-to-weight ratio

Applications include materials handling equipment, farm tractors, railway

locomotives, buses, lawn mowers, and machine tools

Hydraulic impact
Wrench (gear
motor)
7.2 LIMITED ROTATION
HYDRAULIC MOTORS

A limited rotation hydraulic motor (also

called oscillation motor or rotary actuator)

rotary output motion over a finite

angle
high instantaneous torque
requires only a small space
simple mounting
working pressures up to 5000 psi
7.2 LIMITED ROTATION
HYDRAULIC MOTORS

FORCE IN HYDRAULIC VANE,

theoretical
Torque
TORQUE IN HYDRAULIC VANE
Capacity

VOLUMETRIC DISPLACEMENT
7.2 LIMITED ROTATION
HYDRAULIC MOTORS

EXAMPLE
7.3 GEAR MOTORS

A hydraulic motors develop torque and produce

continuous rotary motion

rotate continuously
basic types of hydraulic motors: gear,
vane, and piston.
hydraulic pressure acting on the
surfaces of the gear teeth
direction can be reversed
simple design & low cost

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aAr9dJngLqY&ab_channel=Alad%C3%A1rLakatos
 7.4 VANE MOTORS
Vane motors are a type of fluid power motor that are
commonly used to convert hydraulic or pneumatic energy
into mechanical energy. They work by using a set of vanes
that rotate inside a cylindrical housing, which allows them to
transform the energy from the fluid into rotational motion.
Vane motors can provide high torque and low speed, making
them ideal for a wide range of applications in heavy
machinery, construction equipment, and agricultural
machinery. They are also preferred over other types of fluid
power motors due to their simple design, ease of maintenance,
and relatively low cost. This technology has been around for
several decades and continues to be refined and improved for
use in various industries
Basic Principles of Operation
Fluid enters the motor through an inlet port and
flows into the rotor housing.
The fluid pushes against the vanes, causing them to
rotate around the central rotor shaft.
The vanes are held in contact with the housing by
springs or other means, which helps to maintain a
tight seal and prevent fluid leakage.
As the vanes rotate, they move in and out of the rotor
slots, creating chambers of varying volume that cause
the rotor to turn.
The rotational motion of the rotor is transferred to
an output shaft, which can be used to drive a load or
perform other work.
 ADVANTAGES
High torque and low speed: Vane motors are capable of delivering
1 high torque at low speeds, making them suitable for heavy-duty
applications where power is required.

2 Simple design: The design of vane motors is relatively simple,

which makes them easy to maintain and repair.

Low cost: Compared to other types of fluid power motors, vane

3 motors are relatively low cost, making them a popular choice for
many industries.
Efficiency: Vane motors can operate at high efficiencies,
4 which means they require less energy to do the same amount
of work.
Versatility: Vane motors are highly versatile and can be used in a
5 wide range of applications, including industrial machinery,
construction equipment, and agricultural machinery.
7.5.1 In-Line Piston Motor

An in-line piston motor is a type of hydraulic motor

that utilizes a swash plate design to convert fluid power
into mechanical energy. The swash plate is a tilted plate
that rotates within the motor housing, causing the
pistons to move back and forth in their cylinders. This
movement drives the output shaft of the motor, which
can be used to power various types of machinery. In-
line piston motors are highly efficient and have a high
power-to-weight ratio.
Basic Principles of Operation
Fluid enters the motor through a port and flows
into the cylinder block.
The fluid pushes the pistons outwards and into
contact with the tilted swash plate.
The swash plate is connected to the drive shaft,
which causes it to rotate as the pistons move
along the plate.
As the swash plate rotates, the angle of the
pistons changes, which causes them to move in
and out of their respective cylinder bores.
This movement creates chambers of varying
volume, which causes the rotor to turn and the
output shaft to rotate.
The output shaft is connected to a load, which
receives the mechanical power generated by the
motor.
7.5.2 Axial Piston Motor
An axial piston motor is a type of hydraulic motor that
utilizes a bent-axis design to convert fluid power into
mechanical energy. The motor consists of a cylinder
block with several piston-cylinder assemblies arranged
radially around a central shaft. As the cylinder block
rotates, the pistons move back and forth in their
cylinders, generating torque that is transmitted to the
output shaft of the motor. The bent-axis design allows
for a compact and lightweight motor with a high power
density
Basic Principles of Operation
Fluid enters the motor through a port and flows
into the cylinder block.
The fluid pushes the pistons outwards and into
contact with the bent-axis.
As the bent-axis rotates, the angle of the
pistons changes, which causes them to move in
and out of their respective cylinder bores.
This movement creates chambers of varying
volume, which causes the rotor to turn and the
output shaft to rotate.
The output shaft is connected to a load, which
receives the mechanical power generated by
the motor.
 DIFFERENCES
Design: The swash plate design of the in-line piston motor features pistons arranged in a circular pattern
around a central drive shaft, each connected to a swash plate that is tilted at an angle to the central shaft. On
the other hand, the bent-axis design of the axial piston motor features pistons arranged in a circular pattern
around a central drive shaft, each connected to a bent-axis that is angled to the central drive shaft.

Angle adjustment: In the swash plate design of the in-line piston motor, the angle of the swash plate can be
adjusted to control the displacement of the motor and the speed of the output shaft. In the bent-axis design
of the axial piston motor, the angle of the bent-axis can be adjusted to control the displacement of the motor
and the speed of the output shaft.

Size: The bent-axis design of the axial piston motor allows for a more compact motor compared to the swash
plate design of the in-line piston motor, making it suitable for applications where space is limited.

Efficiency: The axial piston motor with bent-axis design is generally considered to be more efficient than the
in-line piston motor with swash plate design due to its lower internal leakage and more direct fluid flow path.

Load capacity: The in-line piston motor with swash plate design generally has a higher load capacity than the
axial piston motor with bent-axis design due to its larger piston area and more robust design.
7.6 HYDRAULIC
MOTOR
THEORETICAL
TORQUE,
POWER, AND
FLOW RATE
Theoretical
torque IMPERIAL UNIT

METRIC UNIT
Theoretical
power IMPERIAL UNIT

METRIC UNIT
Theoretical
flow rate IMPERIAL UNIT

METRIC UNIT
 Example

Using the equations we just learned

7.7 Hydraulic
Motor
Performance
 Volumetric
efficiency (ηv)

IMPERIAL UNIT

Volumetric efficiency looks at the

theoretical flow rate and the actual
flow rate and provides information
about leakage and wear.
METRIC UNIT
 Mechanical
efficiency (ηm)

Mechanical efficiency is based on actual work

done and theoretical work done, both per
revolution. This is based on theoretical torque
and the actual torque, and in most hydraulic
motors it’s about 0.9 (or 90%). The losses
related to mechanical efficiency are directly
tied to mechanical friction between mating
parts.
 Overall
efficiency (ηo)

IMPERIAL UNIT

Overall efficiency combines volumetric and

mechanical efficiency. It's simply the product
of these two values: overall efficiency =
mechanical efficiency x volumetric efficiency,
and gives you an overall idea of how efficient METRIC UNIT
your hydraulic motor is.
 Example

Using the equations we just learned

 Example

graph gives curves of overall and volumetric

efficiencies as a function of motor speed (rpm) for
pressure levels of 3000 and 5000 psi.
 Example

graph gives curves of motor input flow (gpm) and

motor output torque (in · lb) as a function of motor
speed (rpm) for the same two pressure levels.
 Example of
manufactures
data sheet
 7.8 HYDROSTATIC
TRANSMISSIONS
Components involves: Advantages: Applications:

Hydraulic pump Infinitely variable speed & Tractors

Hydraulic motor torque Rollers
Valves Extremely high power-to- Hoes
Pipes weight ratio Lift-trucks
Can be stalled without Front-end loaders
damage Etc
Low inertia of rotating
members
Flexibility & simplicity of
design
 HYDROSTATIC
TRANSMISSIONS
Application in:

Agricultural
Construction
Materials handling
Garden tractor
Industrial markets
Etc
 Formula
USED
Pump theoretical flow rate:

Pump volumetric efficiency:

 Formula
USED
Motor volumetric efficiency:

Motor theoretical flow rate:

Motor theoretical flow rate:

 7.9 HYDRAULIC MOTOR
PERFORMANCE IN METRIC UNITS
 KEY
EQUATIONS
SUBTOPIC 7.10

www.fluidpower.utm.my
 7.10 List of Equations
Theoretical torque of Theoretical flow rate of Actual torque delivered
hydraulic motor hydraulic motor by hydraulic motor

Theoretical power of Overall efficiency of

hydraulic motor Volumetric efficiency of
hydraulic motor hydraulic motor

Volumetric efficiency of
hydraulic motor

www.fluidpower.utm.my
Thank You
For Listening