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2. Mass m kilogram(kg)
3. Time t saat(s)
4. Temperature T kelvin(K)
Examples:
Multiplication
Prefix(symbol) Numerical Value Examples
Factor
tera ( T ) 1012 1 000 000 000 000 2 TN (teranewton)
9
giga ( G ) 10 1 000 000 000 5 Gm (gigameter)
mega ( M ) 106 1 000 000 13 MW (megawatt)
3
kilo ( k ) ↑ 10 1 000 18 kg (kilogram)
a) LENGTH
Example 1:
The distance of Kota Bharu city to Kuala lumpur city is 474 km. Find the distance in the
units of meter and centimetre.
Solution:
Example 2:
Solution:
Example 3:
The distance from planet Earth to Sun is 1.5 x 10 8 km. Find the distance in
megameter(Mm)?
Solution:
1 Mm = 106 m, 1 km = 103 m
b) MASS
Example 1:
Solution:
1 kg = 1000 g(103 g)
Example 2:
Solution:
Example 3:
Solution:
c) TIME
Example 1:
Solution:
1 h = 60 minutes, 1minute = 60 s
Example 2:
Solution:
Example 3:
An aeroplane took off from Kuala Lumpur airport at 1400 hours and arrived at New Delhi
airport at 1830 hours. Calculate the duration of the journey in minute and second?
Solution:
a) AREA
Example 1:
The floor area of a science laboratory is 40 m2. Find the area in cm2 and mm2?
Solution:
and 1 cm = 10 mm
Example 2:
The measurements of A4 size paper is 300 mm long and 210 mm wide. Find the area of
the paper in m2?
Solution:
Example 3:
Solution:
A = P x L = 30 cm x 21 cm = 630 cm2
b) VOLUME
Example 1:
A steel water tank could be filled with 25 m3 of water. What is its volume in cm3?
Solution:
1 m3 = (102 cm)3 = 106 cm3 atau 1 m3 = 100 cm x 100 cm x 100 cm = 106 cm3
Example 2:
A beaker has a volume of 7.68 x 104 mm3. Determine its volume in cm3?
Solution:
1 cm = 10 mm, so that,
1 cm3 = 10 mm x 10 mm x 10 mm = 103 mm
Example 3:
Solution:
c) VELOCITY
Example 1:
A van was driven at a speed of 90 km/h along a straight road. Convert the unit to m/s?
Solution:
1 km = 1000 m, 1 h = 3600 s
Example 2:
The speed of sound in the air is 330 ms -1. Convert the unit to cm/min?
Solution:
Example 3:
According to scientific studies, Tsunami waves move at a speed of 700 km/h. Are the
waves faster or slower than the speed of sound?
Solution:
Exercise 1:
The speed of light in vacuum is 3 x 108 ms-1. What is its value in km/h?
Exercise 2:
An aeroplane flies at a constant speed of 700 km/h. Determine its speed in m/min. How
far can it goes in 30 minutes? (Give your answer in metre)
Exercise 3:
A cheetah can run at a speed of 130 kph. Find its speed in ms -1?
d) ACCELERATION
The free fall acceleration of an object under the influence of Earth’s gravity is 9.81 ms -2.
What is its value in km/min2?
Solution:
Example 2:
The free fall acceleration of an object under the influence of Sun’s gravity is 274 ms -2.
What is its value in cmh-2?
Solution:
Example 3:
A car increases its velocity at a rate of 28.8 km/min2. Determine its acceleration in m/s2?
Solution:
Exercise 1:
The surface gravitational acceleration of a moon is 1.62 ms -2. Convert its unit to cm/min2?
Exercise 2:
Along a straight road, a car tries to over take a lorry by accelerating at a rate of 4 ms -2.
Determine the acceleration in km/h2?
Exercise 3:
e) DENSITY
The density of sea water is 1024 kgm-3. Find the density in gcm-3?
Solution:
Example 2:
Solution:
Example 3:
Solution:
Exercise 1:
The mean density of Earth is 5.52 x 10 kgm-3. Determine its value in g/mm3?
Exercise 2:
If the density of palm oil is 0.86 g/cm3, what is its value in kg/m3?
Exercise 3:
The following are three types of instruments to measure the length of an object:
1. Metre Ruler
The length of a metre ruler is 1 metre and it is divided to 100 sections(100 cm).
Each section is 1 cm long and it is further divided into 10 sections(10 mm). The
scales of meter ruler are as follows:
The shortest length that can be measured with a metre ruler is 1 mm or 0.1 cm.
Due to that, each measurement taken with a metre ruler must be recorded
accurate to one decimal point or 0.1 cm. For example, the length of a section of a
writing table is measured as 72 cm. So, its reading must be recorded as 72.0 cm
or (72 ± 0.1) cm.
A vernier calliper has two scales – consisting of a main scale and a vernier
scale. The accuracy of the reading measured with a vernier calliper is up to 0.1
mm or 0.01 cm. Any reading measured with a vernier calliper must be recorded
to two decimal point. For example, the diameter of a marble measured with a
vernier calliper is found to be 2 cm sharp. Its measurement must be recorded as
2.00 cm.
Exercise 1:
1)
2)
A micrometer screw gauge consists of a main scale and a thimble scale. The
main scale is callibrated in milimeter(mm) and each shortest section is 0.5 mm.
Thimble scale has 50 small sections of equal length. Micrometer screw gauge
reading is accurate up to 0.01 mm atau 0.001 cm. Its reading must be recorded
up to three decimal points. For example, the diameter of a marble is measured to
be 3 cm sharp, so the reading must be recorded as 3.000 cm.
[Figure 3.1(a)]
Example 2:
Example 3:
Example 4:
Exercise 1:
Fill in the blanks for the readings of a micrometer screw gauge below:
1)
2)
3)
Question 1
Question 2
Question 3
Question 4
Question 5
Question 7
Two students measure the lengths of adjacent sides of their dorm room. One reports 15ft 8in.
and the other reports 4.25 m. What is the area of the room in square meter?
[ 20.3 m2 ]
Question 8
A solid sphere has a radius of 12 cm. What is its surface are in (a) square centimetres, (b)
square meters? (c) If it has a mass of 9 kg, what is its density in kg/m 3?
Question 9
Identify the measuring instruments used for the measurement of lengths below:
12.0 cm
8.75 cm
0.633 cm