3.

Symbolism was a late 19th century movement whose

artists communicated ideas through symbols instead of
bluntly depicting reality. It was created as a reaction to
art movements that depicted the natural world
DADAISM. The term “dada” is a French word, which means
realistically, such as Impressionism, Realism, and
a “hobby-horse.” A hobby-horse is a child’s toy consisting
Naturalism.
of a wooden horse mounted on a stick. With this
etymology, we could say that Dadaism is system of art
which is per se “non- sensical.” Some would say it is not an
art because it strives to have no meaning at all. It started as
a Post World War cultural movement against the barbarism
of the war. It is a reaction to what they believed were
outworn traditions in art, and the evils they saw in society.
It tried to shock and provoke the public with outrageous
pieces of writing, poetry recitals and art exhibitions

FAUVISM. It is derived from the French “les fauves,”

which means “the wild beasts.” It is an artistic movement
of the last part of the 19th century which emphasized
spontaneity and use of extremely bright colors. To a
fauvist, for example, a tree trunk need not be brown. It
could be bright red, purple or any other color. Henri .
Matisse, French artist, was known for his use of colour
Futurism came into being with the appearance of a
and his fluid, brilliant and original draughtsmanship. As a
manifesto published by the poet Filippo Tommaso
draughtsman, printmaker, and sculptor, but principally as
Marinetti on the front page of the February 20, 1909, issue
a painter, Matisse is one of the best-known artists of the
of Le Figaro. It was the very first manifesto of this kind.
20th century. He was initially labeled as a Fauve (wild
Marinetti summed up the major principles of the Futurists.
beast).
He and others espoused a love of speed, technology and
violence. Futurism was presented as a modernist
movement celebrating the technological, future era. The
car, the plane, the industrial town were representing the
motion in modern life and the technological triumph of
man over nature
SURREALISM. It is an offshoot or a child of dada. It is also
known as “super realism,” which revolves on the method of
making ordinary things look extraordinary. It focuses on real
things found in the imagination or fantasy or it has realistic
subjects that are found in the unconscious mind; depicting
dreamlike images of the inner mind.
IMPRESSIONISM. It is also sometimes referred to as optical
realism due to its interest in the actual viewing experience,
including such things as the effect of color, light and
movement on the appearance of the objects depicted in the
artworks. Impressionism focused on directly describing the
visual sensations derived from nature. Devotees of
Impressionism were not concerned with the actual
depiction of the objects they painted. Instead they were
concerned with the visual impressions aroused by those
objects.
So the question of the day for society, and for realist artists,
the question for the month, year, and really for the rest of
their lives, is: Why Realism? My answer is direct, simple and
should be self-evident: The visual fine arts of drawing,
painting and sculpture are best understood first last and
always as a language; a visual language. It was developed and
preserved first and foremost as a means of communication
very much like spoken and written languages. And like
language it is successful if communication takes place and it
is unsuccessful if it does not. This answer simultaneously
defines the term "Fine Art." So fine art is a way that human
beings can communicate.
ABSTRACT "Drawing away from realism" Painter does
not show the subject as it appears in reality. Shows only his
thought and feeling. Other abstract painters present the
figures in some recognizable forms but they are presented in
a misshapen manner. Kinds of Abstract Painting 1. Distortion
2. Elongated 3. Cubism 4. Mangling 5. Abstract Expressionism

1. Distortion - twisted or distorted - there is a misshapen look

of the picture presented 2. Elongation - elongated or
extended - to emphasize a certain purpose of the painter
Example: "The Resurrection" by El Greco 3. Cubism use of
some geometrical shapes, such as tube-shaped, trilateral,
round and other forms at the expense of the other pictorial
elements Example Artists: Pablo Picasso, Pail Cezanne, &
Why Realism? There are finally today many
George Braque Example Works: "Market Scene" by Vicente
organizations that believe in the value and importance of
Manansala "Prayer Before Meals" by Vicente Manansala "The
realism, both classical and contemporary; but why Realism?
Musicians" by Vicente Manansala 4. Mangling subjects are
Why, after a century of denigration, repression and near
presented in lacerated, mutilated, or hacked with repeated
annihilation, when the accepted beliefs taught in nearly
blows 5. Abstract Expressionism - origin in New York City -
every high school, college and university for the last
presenting the subject with the use of strong color, uneven
hundred years, has been that realism is unoriginal? After all,
brush stokes, and rough texture and with the deliberate lack
all realists do is just copy from nature. Realism they say is
of refinement in the application of the paint
unsophisticated. Most people can tell what is going on in
realistic painting or sculpture. It's so easy to understand. It's
uncreative; only creating forms and ideas not found in
nature show real originality.
 The painting features a glimpse of Roman history
centered on the bloody carnage brought by gladiatorial
matches. Spoliarium is a Latin word referring to the
basement of the Roman Colosseum where the fallen and
dying gladiators are dumped and devoid of their worldly
possessions. At the center of Luna’s painting are fallen
gladiators being dragged by Roman soldiers. On the left,
spectators ardently await their chance to strip off the
combatants of their metal helmets and other armory. In
contrast with the charged emotions featured on the left, the
right side meanwhile presents a somber mood. An old man
carries a torch perhaps searching for his son while a woman
weeps the death of her loved one. The Spoliarium is the
most valuable oil-on-canvas painting by Juan Luna, a Filipino
educated at the Academia de Dibujo y Pintura (Philippines)
and at the Academia de San Fernando in Madrid, Spain. With
a size of 4.22 meters x 7.675 meters, it is the largest painting
in the Philippines. A historical painting, it was made by Luna
in 1884 as an entry to the prestigious Exposicion de Bellas
Artes (Madrid Art Exposition, May 1884) and eventually won
for him the First Gold Medal.
The Spoliarium is the most valuable, iconic oil painting
by Juan Luna which features a glimpse of Roman history
focused on the gory bloodshed brought by gladiatorial
matches. It’s the largest painting in the Philippines with its
size of 4.22 meters x 7.675 meters. Spoliarium is a Latin word
which refers to the Roman Colosseum basement where the
dying gladiators are dumped in. This historical painting was
an entry to the prestigious Exposicion de Bellas Artes in 1884
which eventually got Juan his first gold medal. Now,
countless killings have been done with the vigilante bullshit
Duterte pulled on us, where he urged-
people to “do it themselves” aka to kill alleged drug lords
and pushers. As quoted via CNN: “Please feel free to call us,
the police, or do it yourself if you have the gun … you have
my support,” he [Duterte] told the crowd and television
cameras. As tweeted before: A government that enables
citizens to kill criminals, enables criminals to kill citizens —
leiron (@leiron) July 19, 2016 The Kill List is growing each
and every day since Duterte took on the presidency and it’s
not getting any better. Countless killed in police operations,
countless killed by unidentified hitmen. And now, this is the
Spoliarium of 2016 everyone is talking about. This is the
#CardboardJustice the victims need. You can see the victims
with the drug pusher cardboards being dragged along a
street with a police station, cameramen getting shot, and a
woman crying. The woman is possibly the symbol of the
victim’s families mourning over a husband, a wife, a mother,
a brother, a child. And their family will never get to see them
anymore. They are all just suspects in a casket now. We are
all just suspects. #CardboardJustice
Fernando Amorsolo The Philippine artist Fernando
Amorsolo (1892-1972) was a portraitist and painter of rural
land scapes. He is best known for his craftsmanship and
mastery in the use of light. Fernando Amorsolo was born
May 30, 1892, in the Paco district of Manila. At 13 he was
apprenticed to the noted Philippine artist Fabian de la Rosa,
his mother's first cousin. In 1909 Amorsolo enrolled at the
Liceo de Manila and then attended the fine-arts school at
the University of the Philippines, graduating in 1914. After
working three years as a commercial artist and part-time
instructor at the university, he studied at the Escuela de San
Fernando in Madrid. For seven months he sketched at the
museums and on the streets of Madrid, experimenting with
the use of light and color. That winter he went to New York
and discovered the works of the postwar impressionists and
cubists, who became the major influence on his works. On
his return to Manila, he set up his own studio.
During this period, Amorsolo developed the use of light—
actually, backlight—which is his greatest contribution to
Philippine painting. Characteristically, an Amorsolo painting
Vicente Silva Manansala was a Filipino artist known for his
contains a glow against which the figures are outlined, and at
Cubist paintings and prints. Through his depictions of
one point of the canvas there is generally a burst of light that
contemporary Filipino life, Manansala addressed issues of
highlights the smallest detail. During the 1920s and 1930s
intimacy, poverty, and culture. His melding of social
Amorsolo's output of paintings was prodigious. In 1939 his oil
commentary with painting had a profound influence on the
Afternoon Meal of the Workers won first prize at the New
younger Filipino artists of his generation, such as Angelito
York World's Fair. During World War II Amorsolo continued to
Antonio and Manuel Baldemor. Born on January 22, 1919 in
paint. The Philippine collector Don Alfonso Ongpin
Macabebe, Philippines, he studied at the University of the
commissioned him to execute a portrait in absentia of Gen.
Philippines School of Fine Art until 1930. He later received a
Douglas MacArthur, which he did at great personal risk. He
UNESCO fellowship to study at the École des Beaux-Arts in
also painted Japanese occupation soldiers and self-portraits.
Paris. The artist died on August 22, 1981 in Manila,
His wartime paintings were exhibited at the Malacanang
Philippines. His works are in the collections of the Honolulu
presidential palace in 1948. After the war Amorsolo served as
Museum of Art, the Philippine Center in New York, and the
director of the college of fine arts of the University of the
Lopez Memorial Museum in Manila.
Philippines, retiring in 1950. Married twice, he had 13
children, five of whom became painters. Amorsolo was noted
for his portraits. He made oils of all the Philippine presidents,
including the revolutionary leader Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo, and
other noted Philippine figures. He also painted many wartime
scenes, including Bataan, Corner of Hell, and One Casualty.
Amorsolo, who died in 1972, is said to have painted more
than 10,000 pieces. He continued to paint even in his late 70s,
despite arthritis in his hands. Even his late works feature the
classic Amorsolo tropical sunlight. He said he hated "sad and
gloomy" paintings, and he executed only one painting in
which rain appears. El Greco's life and work were marked by a deep underlying
devotion to God. Compelled as a young man to become an
artist, he mastered a longstanding tradition of Byzantine icon
art, yet by the time he eventually settled in Spain his
inspiration was largely drawn from the burgeoning Italian and
Spanish Renaissances. Although his early ambitions were to
become a court painter, his individual style that began to
emerge in Spain quickly catapulted him from the confines of
any conventional school. He became vastly interested in the
new Mannerist movement, a group who disavowed the mere
imitation of nature in art, and instead sought to express the
underlying psychological aspects of a work beyond its
mythological or religious themes. These concepts informed a
body of work that is deeply evocative of the Divine and
universally noted for manifesting the spirituality that lay
beneath all being.
 Benjamin Mendoza was a Bolivian Postwar &
Contemporary artist who was born in the Circa 1935.
Benjamin Mendoza's work has been offered at auction
multiple times, with realized prices ranging from $100
USD to $1,912 USD, depending on the size and medium
of the artwork. Since 2016 the record price for this
artist at auction is $1,912 USD for Attempted
assassination of Pope Paolo VI, sold at Bertolami Fine
Arts in 2017. The artist died in 2014. Artist’s alternative
names: Benjamín Mendoza y Amor Flores

Henri Matisse is widely regarded as the greatest colorist of

the 20th century and as a rival to Pablo Picasso in the
importance of his innovations. He emerged as a Post-
Impressionist, and first achieved prominence as the leader of
the French movement Fauvism. Although interested in
Cubism, he rejected it, and instead sought to use color as the
foundation for expressive, decorative, and often
monumental paintings. As he once controversially wrote, he
sought to create an art that would be "a soothing, calming
influence on the mind, rather like a good armchair." Still life
and the nude remained favorite subjects throughout his
career; North Africa was also an important inspiration, and,
towards the end of his life, he made an important
contribution to collage with a series of works using cut-out
shapes of color. He is also highly regarded as a sculptor.
 ART
APPRECIATION
Arnold Janssen Managil
BS-ENTREPRENEURSHIP I-B

The methods of presenting art

subject

In methods are employed in order to be effective. Just for

example, in presenting the art subject, the artist uses
different methods to express the idea he wants to make
clear. The different methods used by the artists in
representing the art subject are:
1. Realism 5. Dadaism
2. Abstraction 6. Futurism
3. Symbolism 7. Surrealism
4. Fauvism
Realism
Realism is an art style that focuses on making pieces look
as realistic and true-to-life as possible. Think of realistic
portraits, landscapes, and still life paintings. These are all
forms of realism which aim to capture the subject in a
realistic style, and possibly to portray the subject in a way
that captures the realities of life. While the subjects may
sometimes appear somewhat stylized, realism seeks to
present subjects as they look in real life. For some great
examples of realism check out artists like Gustave
Courbet, Winslow Homer, Édouard Manet, and
Rembrandt. It’s a popular style and one that’s either
snubbed(why make something look like it does in real life
instead of doing something original?) or lauded as
“good” art (wow, that looks so real! You’re such a good
artist.) But realism is often the learning ground for artists
of any medium since practicing from life is the key to
becoming truly skilled
Abstraction isn’t a style or movement; it can exist in all
art to a certain degree. Various dictionaries define
Abstraction as ‘freedom from representational qualities
in art’ and ‘not representing things pictorially’. The Tate
describes it as when an artist has either ‘removed
(abstracted) elements from an object to create a more
simplified form’ or produced something which ‘has no
source at all in external reality’. While an artist may have
a real object in mind when painting, that object might
be stylized, distorted or exaggerated using colors and
textures to communicate a feeling, rather than produce
a replica. It’s more about how the beauty of shapes and
colors can override representational accuracy.
Abstraction is a ‘continuum’. Many art movements have
been influenced by and employ abstract principles to a
varying extent; the more removed from reality a
painting or sculpture is, the more abstract it could be
considered. Cubism, for example, with its distorted
subjects, is highly abstract, whereas an Impressionist
painting might be more conservatively so.