9/11/2016

CVG 4150
Fall 2016

Lecture 1
Transportation System

Faculté de génie| Faculty of Engineering

uOttawa.ca

Transportation System

• Definition and Scope

• What Transportation System means

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Transportation System

Definition and Scope
A transportation system may be defined as consisting of the fixed
facilities, the flow entities, and the control system that permit people
and goods to overcome the friction of geographical space efficiently
in order to participate in a timely manner in some desired activity.

Transportation engineering is the application of technology and

scientific principles to the planning, functional design, operation,
and management of facilities for any mode of transportation in
order to provide for the safe, rapid, comfortable, convenient,
economical, and environmentally compatible movement of people
and goods (ITE, 1987).
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Transportation System

Definition and Scope

 Fixed facilities ?
 Flow entities ?
 Control system ?

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Transportation System

Fixed Facilities
The fixed facilities are the physical components
of the system that are fixed in space and
constitutes the network of links and nodes of the
transportation system.
The links could be roadway segment, railway
track and pipes, etc.
Nodes could be intersections, interchanges,
transit terminals, harbors, and airports, etc.
The design of these fixed facilities, includes soil
and foundation engineering design, structural
engineering design, the design of drainage
systems, and geometric design, which is
concerned with the physical proportioning of the
elements of fixed facilities.
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Transportation System

Flow Entities and Technology
 Units that traverse the fixed facilities
people, vehicles, container units, railroad cars, and so on.

 Geometric design – AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and

Transportation Officials),
 Design vehicles – size, weight, deceleration and acceleration
and capabilities.

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Transportation System
Control System
 Vehicular control
 Technological way in which individual vehicles are guided
on the fixed facilities,
 Manual (human factor) or automated,
 Geometric design.
 Flow control
 Efficient and smooth operation of streams of vehicles and
the reduction of conflicts between vehicles,
 Signing, marking, signal systems, and the underlying rules
of operations,
 intelligent transportation system (ITS).
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Transportation System

Transportation Demand
 Transportation engineers -providing efficient ways to satisfy the
population’s needs for mobility.
 Cost, convenience, environmental quality, individual rights.
 Cooperation with economists, planner, and social scientists.

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Transportation System

Quantification versus Valuation

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Transportation System classification

For-hire Not-for-hire

Land Air public private

Classification
Contract Common
carriers carriers
Water Pipelines

Taxis, car rentals Mass transportation

Individually arranged Mass transit

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Transportation System

Urban Transportation System

• Rapid transit - transport large numbers of people at high
frequency.
• Fixed-guideway transit – vehicles are affixed to a guideway.
• Articulated systems – flow units can be connected to form
trains.
• Dual-mode systems – vehicles can operate on the street
under manual control and on automated guideways.
• Demand-responsive systems – flexibility in route or time
scheduling (para-transit).

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Transportation Modes

Road and highways
• Walking and Bicycle: local work and recreation trip; feeder to public transit.
• Bus and Bus Rapid Transit: urban and intercity passenger and freight
services; freights are usually personal packages.
• Personal Automobile: urban and intercity urban passenger service; freight
service for personal items only.
• Truck: freight services: rural, urban, intercity.
 Truckload (5 tons!) and less than truckload shipments,
 Range: small shipments to truckload; generally short-haul mode,
 Intermodal role: feeder role in terms of containers/trailers,
 National, provincial, regional, and municipal.

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Transportation Modes

Passenger Rail: Guideway Based Vehicle/Train
 Mostly less than 500 km; suburban commuters; high speed
intercity train.
 Rail Rapid Transit: urban and regional.
• Light Rail Transit (LRT): O-Train in Ottawa, Calgary,
Edmonton,
• Intermediate Capacity Rail Transit: Vancouver,
• High Capacity Rail Transit or Rail Rapid Transit Toronto,
Montreal,
• Commuter Rail Transit: GO Train in Toronto,
• Dual Mode Transit (bus and guideway): Planned Ottawa
Transit.

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Transportation Modes

Freight Rail: Intercity mode; mostly

bulk and oversize shipments of all types
Generally a long haul mode.
 Bulk freight carried in specially designed
cars such as tank cars, hopper cars, etc.,
 Freight of general nature carried in:
• box cars,
• Containers.

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Transportation Modes

Air Transportation: Passenger and Freight

• Passenger - mostly for a distance greater than 500 km and overseas,
• Freight - high value and time sensitive items on long haul routes; no
bulk items.

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Transportation Modes

Water Transportation
• Passenger ships - cruise traffic, ferry service,
• Freight ships - bulk cargo, containers,
• Barges - bulk freight,
• Other - specialized ferry service.

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Transportation Modes

Continuous Flow Facilities

 Pipelines - liquids, gases, slurries on short and long
hauls. Slurries: ready mix concrete, coal in water, etc.
 Moving belts - short distances, passenger and freight
 Cables
• passengers - lift and tow, for short distances in
rough terrain,
• material handling in rough terrain.

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The Role of Government

Governments
• National, provincial, regional, and municipal.

Role of governments
• Provision of facilities such as roads, railways, transit, airports, etc.
• Control, Safety, and security,
• Environmental regulations,
• Economic regulations.

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Tools and application

Transportation models
• Transportation system – physical phenomenon and motion of
flow entities on the fixed facilities,

• Human behavior – human factors

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