Answer Chem P Score X A Plus Module 2013 PDF

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JAWAPAN
MODUL PERFECT SCORE &
X A-PLUS
2013
CHEMISTRY
 Set 1
 Set 2
 Set 3
 Set 4
 Set 5
Perfect Score & X A –Plus Module/mark scheme 2013

1
MODULE PERFECT SCORE & X A-PLUS 2013

SET 1 :THE STRUCTURE OF ATOM, PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS AND
CHEMICAL BONDS
Question No Mark schemes Mark

1 (a) (i) Melting 1
(ii) Molecule 1
(b) The heat energy absorbed by the particles is used to overcome the forces of attraction 1
between the naphthalene molecules / particles.
(c) The particles move faster 1
(d) (i) X : electron Y : nucleus 1
(ii) Electron 1
(e) (i) W and X 1
(ii) W and X atom have different number of neutrons but same number of protons 1+1
Atom// Element W and X has different nucleon number but same proton number
Σ 10
Question No Mark schemes Mark

2 (a) No of electrons = 18, No of neutrons = 22 1+1
(b) (i) The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom 1
(ii) 40
(c) (i) 2.1 1
(ii)
e
XX
X
3p
Xe
4n
X
e
(d) (i) W and Y 1

(ii) Atom W and Y have the same number of valence electrons 1
(iii) To estimate the age of fossils /artefacts. 1
Σ 10

2
Question No. Mark Scheme Marks

3 (a) (i) Total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom 1
(ii) 35 – 18 = 17 1
(iii) shows nucleus and three shells occupied with electron 1 +1
Label 12 proton, 12 neutron
(iv) Number of electrons = 2 1

...5
(b) (i) Liquid 1
(ii)
1+1
Q R
...3
(c)
Temperature/oC
90
67 1+1
Time/s
1st mark - Label X and Y axis with correct unit

2 nd mark - Correct shape of curve
10

3
4 a) (i) F 1
(ii) Atom F has achieve stable/octet electron arrangement // has 8 valence electron 1
b) (i) 2D + 2H2O  2DOH + H2 1
 Correct reactant & correct product
 Balance equation 1
(ii) The nuclei attraction towards the valence electrons is weaker in atom G. 1+1
More easier for atom G to lose / release an electron to form a positively charged ion.
c) (i) Covalent bond 1

(ii) 1
x 1
x x
Y
E x X
Y x Y
E
x
(iii) Cannot conduct electricity at any state/ low melting and boiling point/.... 1
(d) Show coloured ion//formed complex ion//has various oxidation number//act as 1
catalyst
11
5 (a) Increasing of proton number. 1

(b) (i) Na/sodium, Mg/magnesium .... 1
(ii) Atomic size decreases across the period // Period 3. 1
(iii) 1. Number of protons in atom increases when across the period. 1+1
2. Force of attraction between nucleus and electrons in the shell is stronger.
..4
(c) Chlorine more reactive than bromine 1+1
Size of chlorine atom is smaller than bromine atom
Chlorine atom is easier to receive one electron
(d) Al3+ 1
(e) (i) Ionic compound 1
(ii) 1+1
11

4
6 (a) P : liquid Q : solid R : gas 1 +1+1
(b) (i) 1. P can be change to Q through freezing process. 1

2. When the liquid cooled, the particles in liquid lose energy and move slower. 1
3. As temperature drops, the liquid particles attract tone another and change
into solid 1
(ii) 1. P can change to R through boiling. 1

2. When liquid is heated, the particles of the liquid gain kinetic energy and 1
move faster as the temperature increase
3. The particles have enough energy to overcome the forces between them
and gas is formed 1
(iii) 1. R can be change to P through condensation process. 1

2. When the gas cooled, the particles in gas lose energy and move slower. 1
3. Particles attract one another and change into liquid
1
(c) (i) 1. Uniform scale for X-axis and Y-axis and labelled/size of graph plotted ¾ of 1
graph paper. 1
2. Tranfer of point 1
3. Smooth curve
(ii) 1. Dotted line on the graph from the horizontal line to Y-axis at 80oC. 1
2. Arrow mark freezing point at 80oC 1
(iii) 1. Heat released to sorrounding 1
2. Is balanced when particles comes together to form a solid 1
(iv) Supercooling 1
20

5
Question No. Mark Scheme Mark

7 (a) (i) Atom R is located in Group 17, Period 3 1 +1
(ii) Electron arrangement of atom R is 2.8.7. 1
Group 17 because it has seven valence electron.
Period 3 because it has three shells filled with electron 1
1
(b) (i) Atoms P and R form covalent bond. 1
To achieve the stable electron arrangement, 1
atom P needs 4 electrons while atom R needs one electron. 1
Thus, atom P shares 4 pairs of electrons with 4 atoms of R,
forming a molecule with the formula PR4 // diagram 1
1
R
R
R P
(ii) Atom Q and atom R form ionic bond. 1

Electron arrangement for atom Q is 2.8.1 and electron arrangement for
atom R is 2.8.7// Atom Q has 1 valence electron while atow R has 7 1
valence electron
To achieve a stable (octet ) electron arrangement, 1
atom Q donates 1 electron to form a positive ion// equation
Q Q+ + e
Atom R receives an electron to form ion R-//equation and achieve a stable 1

octet electron arrangement. 1
R+e R-
Ion Q+ and ion R- are attracted together by the strong electrostatic forces
1
to form a compound with the formula QR// diagram
--
+
Q R

6
Question
Mark scheme Mark
No
8 (a) 12 represents the nucleon number. 1
6 represents the proton number. 1
(b) Able to draw the structure of an atom elements X.

The diagram should be able to show the following informations:
1. correct number and position of proton in the nucleus/ at the
centre of the atom. 1
2. correct number and position of neutron in the nucleus/ at the
centre of the atom. 1
3. correct number and position of electron circulating the
nucleus
4. correct number of valence electrons
1
1
Sample answer:
√- 4
e
e- e-
e-
- e- √3
e 11p√1
12n √2 e-
e-
e-
e- e-
or
e- 11p + 12n
e- e-
e-
- e-
e
e-
e-
e-
e- e-

7
(c) (i) Atoms W and Y form covalent bond.

To achieve the stable electron arrangement, 1
atom W contributes 4 electrons while atom Y contributes one electron for 1
sharing. 1
Thus, atom W shares 4 pairs of electrons with 4 atoms of Y, 1
forming a molecule with the formula WY4 // diagram 1
Y W Y
(ii) Atom X and atom Y form ionic bond. 1

Electron arrangement for atom X is 2.8.1 and electron arrangement for atom Y
is 2.8.7 1
To achieve a stable (octet )electron arrangement,
atom X donates 1 electron to form a positive ion // equation 1
X X+ + e
Atom Y receives an electron to form ion Y-//equation and achieve a stable octet
electron arrangement.
Y+e Y-
+ - 1
Ion X and ion Y are attracted together by the strong electrostatic forces to
1
form a compound with the formula XY// diagram
--
+
1
X Y
(d) The melting point of the ionic compound/ (b)(ii) is higher than that of the covalent 1
compound/ (b)(i) .
This is because in ionic compounds oppositely ions are held by strong electrostatic 1
forces.
High energy is needed to overcome these forces. 1
In covalent compounds, molecules are held by weak intermolecular forces. 1
Only a little energy is required to overcome the attractive forces. 1
OR
The ionic compound/(b)(ii) conducts electricity in the molten or aqueous state or
whereas the covalent compound/(b)(i) does not conduct electricity. 1
This is because in the molten or aqueous state, ionic compounds consist of freely 1
moving ions 1
carry electrical charges. 1
Covalent compounds are made up of molecules only 1
20

8
9 (a) (i)
1. Correct number of shells and valence electrons

1
2. Black dot or label Q at the center of the atom
1
(ii) 1. Group 14 1
2. There are 4 valence electrons 1
3. Period 2 1
4. Atom consists of 2 shells occupied with electrons 1
(b) (i) 1. Floats and moves fast on the water 1

2. ‘Hiss’ sound occurs 1
3. Gas liberates / bubble
[any two]
(ii) 2Q + 2H2O  2QOH + H2
1. Correct reactant and product 1
2. Balanced equation 1
(c) (i) Compound X 1
Sharing electron between atom B and A 1
(ii) Choose any one ionic compound and any one covalent compound.
Melting/boiling point
Ionic compound Covalent compound
1. High low 1
2. force of attraction between force of attraction between 1
oppositely charged ions are molecules are weak. 1
strong. less heat energy needs to 1
3. more heat energy needs to overcome the forces.
overcome the forces.
Electrical conductivity
1
1
4. Conduct in molten state Not conduct electricity. 1
5. or aqueous solution.
The free moving ions are Neutral molecules are not 1
able to carry electrical able to carry electrical
charges. charges.
Solubility
6 Soluble in water. soluble in benzene/ toluene /
any organic solvents.
7 Water molecule is The attraction forces between
polar solvent. molecules in solute and
solvent are the same.
20

9
10 (i)
Compound formed between X Molecule formed between Z and
and Y Y
Types of Ionic bond is formed because X Covalent bond is formed because

chemical atom donates electrons and Y Z and Y atoms share the
bonds atom receives electrons to electrons to achieve stable
achieve stable octet electron electron arrangement // 2
arrangement/involve transfer Inovelve sharing of electron
electron
Boiling High because a lot of heat Low because less heat energy is
point and energy needed to overcome the needed to overcome the weak
melting strong electrostatic forces forces of attraction between
2
point between ions molecules
1.Correct electron arrangement of 2 ions

2.Correct charges and nuclei are shown
2+ 2-
XX XX
X
X
XX XX 1
X X X X 1
(b) XX XX XX XX
X
X X X
X X
X X
XX XX
X X X X
2+
X Y2-
3. X atom with an electron arrangement of 2.8.2 donates 2 valence electrons to 1

achieve the stable octet electron arrangement, 2.8. X2+ ion is formed // 1
X X2+ + 2e-
4. Y atom with an electron arrangement of 2.6 accept 2 electrons to achieve the 1

stable octet electron arrangement, 2.8. Y2- ion is formed //
Y + 2e- Y2-
5. The oppositely-charged ions, X2+ and Y2- are attracted to each other by a strong 1
electrostatic force. 1
6. An ionic compound XY is formed

10
(c) 1. A crucible is filled with solid P until it is half full. 1

2. Two carbon electrodes are dipped in the solid P and connected to the batteries 1
using connecting wire. 1
3. Switch is turned on and observation is recorded. 1
4. The solid P is then heated until it melts completely. 1
5. The switch is turned on again and observation is recorded. 1
6. Steps 1 to 5 are repeated using solid Q to replace solid P. 1
1
7. Observations:
1
P does not light up the bulb in both solid and molten states.
1
Q lights up the bulb in molten state only.
1
1
P: naphthalene // any suitable answer 1
Q: lead(II) bromide // any suitable answer
20
11 (a) (i) Z : 2.8.7 1

X : 2.4 1
..2
(ii) Z atom has 7 valence electrons needs one electron 1
X atom has 4 valence electrons ,hence it needs 4 more electron 1
each atom achieves stable octet electron arrangement 1
share electrons between them 1
four Z atoms , each contributes 1 electron // [ diagram 1
one X atom contributes 4 electrons //[diagram]
- four single covalent bonds are formed 1
- the molecular formula is XZ4 1
- diagram 1
[ no. of electrons in all the occupied shells in the X 1
and Z atoms - correct]
[ sharing of 4 pairs of single covalent bonds between 1 X atom and 4 Z atoms ] 1
..10
(iii) Colourless liquid 1

b) [Procedures of the experiment]
eg.
1. Add a quarter of spatula of YZ solid and add into a test tube. 1
2. Pour 2-5 cm3 of distilled water into the test tube containing theYZ2 1
3. Stopper the test tube and shake well. 1
4. Repeat Steps 1 to 3 using [ named organic solvent eg ether ] 1
5. Observe the changes and record them in a table 1
. [Results]
Eg
Solvent Observation 1
Distilled water Colourless solution obtained
[named organic solvent] Solid crystals insoluble in
e.g ether liquid
1
[Conclusion]
eg
ZY is insoluble in organic solvent/[named organic solvent] but soluble in water. ..7

11
No Explanation Sub Total

12 (a)(i) Y more reactive 1 5
Atomic size of Y bigger than X // The number of shell occupied with 1
electron atom Y more than X.
The single valence electron becomes further away from the nucleus. 1
the valence electron becomes weakly pulled by the nucleus. 1
The valence electron can be released more easily. 1
(ii) Name : Sodium 1 3
4Na + O2  2Na2O 1
Chemical formulae 1
Balance equation
(b) Put group1 metal into bottle that contain paraffin oil 1 2
Group 1 metal readily reacts with air/moisture in atmosphere/ water 1
(c) Name : Sodium/any group 1 element 1
Material : group 1 elements, water,
Apparatus : forceps , knife, filter paper, basin, litmus paper. 1
[procedure]
3. Pour some water into the basin 1
4. Group 1 metal is take out from paraffin oil using forceps 1
5. A small piece of group 1 element is cut using a small knife 1
6. Oil on group 1 element is dried using a filter paper 1
7. The group 1 element is placed in the basin contain water. 1
8. Dip a red litmus paper into water 1
Max 5
[observation]
9. Color of red litmus paper turn to blue 1
[chemical equation ]
Sample answer
2 Na + 2 H2O  2NaOH + H2
Chemical formulae 1
Balance equation 1
Total 20
No Explanation ` Total
13. (a) Glucose // naphthalene // any solid covalent compound 1
covalent 1
Intermolecular forces are weak 1
Small amount of heat energy needed to overcomes the forces 1 4
(b) X = 2.1 X = 2.2 1
Y = 2.7 // Y = 2.6 // 1
1. Suitable electron aranggement
2. Ionic bond
3. to achieve octet electron arrangement 1
+ 1
4. One atom of X donates 1 electron to form ion X
- 1
5. One atom of Y receives an electron to form ion Y
+ -
1
6. Ion X and ion Y are attracted together by the strong 1 7
electrostatic forces
(c) material and apparatus;

compound XY, Carbon electrode, cell, wire, crucible,
bulb/ammeter/galvanometer 1

12
Procedure 1
A crucible is half fill with solid XY powder 1
Dipped two carbon electrode 1
Connect the electrodes with connecting wire to the battery and 1
bulb 1
Observed whether bulb glow
Heated the solid XY in the crucible
Observed whether bulb glow
Observation
Solid XY - bulb does not glow 1
Molten XY - bulb glow
Diagram
1
1 9
Functional diagram
Labeled
TOTAL 20
SET 1:CHEMICAL FORMULAE AND EQUATIONS
Question No Mark scheme Mark
1 (a) Molar mass is the mass of a substance that contains one mole of the substance. 1
Example : Molar mass of one mole of magnesium is 24gmol -1 .
(b) Substance Molar mass / gmol-1

N2 14x2 = 28
4
CO2 12+2(16) = 44
H2S 2(1)+ 32 = 34
H2O 2(1)+16 = 18
1
(c) Mole of water = 0.9/ 18 = 0.05
1
Number of molecules = 0.05 x 6.02 x 1023
= 0.3 x 1023 // 3 x 1022 1
Mole of carbon dioxide = 2.2 / 44 = 0.05 1

13
Number of molecules = 0.05 x 6.02 x 1023 1

= 0.3 x 1023 // 3 x 1022
Number of molecule is simmilar
2 (a) (i) Volume CO2 = 0.1 mol x 24dm3mol-1 = 2.4 dm3 1

(ii) Mass of CO2 = 0.1 mol x 44 gmol-1 = 4.4 g 1
(iii) Number of molecules = 0.1 mol x 6.02 x 1023 1
(iv) Number of atoms = 6.02 x 1022 x 3 1+1

= 1.806 x 1023
(b) (i) Heating, cooling and weighing processes are repeated a few times until a
constant mass is obtained.
(ii)
Compound Anhydrous CoCl2 H2O
1
Mass/g (34.10-31.50)g (36.26-34.10)g
= 2.60 g = 2.16 g
Number of moles 2.60/130 = 0.02 2.16/18 = 0.12
Ratio of moles 0.02/0.02 = 1 0.12/0.02 = 6 1
Simplest ratio of moles 1 6
1 mole of CoCl2 combines with 6 moles of H2O

Therefore, the molecular formula of hydrated cobalt(II) chloride 1
crystal is CoCl2.6H2O.
Hence, the value of x in CoCl2.xH2O is 6.
(iii) Percentage of water

1
6(18)
= x 100%
59  2(35.5)  6(18)
= 108 x 100% = 45.4% 1

238
Total 10
3 (a) (i) concentrated sulphuric acid 1

(ii) zink and hydrochloric acid[ any suitable metal and acid ] 1
(iii) Zn + 2HCl  ZnCl2 + H2
(b) (i) Mole of oxygen = 46.35 - 45.15

16 1
= 1.2 = 0.075
16

14
(ii) Mole of copper = 45.15 - 40.35 1

64
= 4.8 = 0.075 1
64
(iii) Empirical formula = CuO 1
(c) (i) Collect the hydrogen gas in a test tube 1

Put a burning wooden splinter at the mouth of the test tube 1
‘No pop sound ‘ produced. 1
(ii) To avoid the hot copper react with oxygen/air 1
(iii) Repeat heating, cooling and weighing processes until a constant mass obtained. 1
Total 11
4 (a) (i) Pb(NO3)2 1

(ii) AgCl 1
(b) (i) Pb2+ + 2 Cl-  PbCl2 1+1
Correct formula for reactants and product

Balance ionic equation
(ii) Qualitative aspect :
Lead(II) nitrate and sodium chloride are the reactants and lead
(II) chloride and sodium nitrate are the products // 1
Lead(II) nitrate solution reacts with sodium chloride solution to form lead(II)
chloride precipitate and sodium nitrate solution.
Quantitative aspect :
One mole of lead(II) nitrate reacts with 2 mole sodium chloride to
1
produce 1 mole of lead(II) chloride and 2 mole of sodium nitrate.
(c) (i) 2 Pb(NO3)2  2 PbO + 4NO2 + O2 1
Compound Colour of the Colour of the

residue when residue when
hot cold
PbO Brown Yellow 1
Gases Colour of the gas released
NO2 Brown 1
O2 Colourless 1
Total 10

15
No Explanation Mark
3+ 4+
5 (a) (i) Al , Pb 1+ 1
(ii) Aluminium oxide 1+1
Lead(IV) oxide
(b) (i) (CH2O)n = 60 1
12n + 2n + 16n = 60
n= 2 1
Molecular formula = C2H4O2//CH3COOH 1
(ii) CaCO3 + 2CH3COOH (CH3COO)2Ca + H2O + CO2 2
(c) (i) 1.Green solid turn Black 1

2. Lime water becomes cloudy 1
(ii) CuCO3 CuO + CO2 1+1
(iii) 1. 1 mol of copper(II) carbonate decomposed into 1 mol of copper(II) oxide and 1
1 mol of carbon dioxide
2. copper(II) carbonate is in solid state, copper(II) oxide is in solid state and 1
carbon dioxide is in gaseous state
(iv) 1. No. of mole for CuCO3 = 12.4 / 124 = 0.1 mol 1

2. 1 mol of CuCO3 produces 1 mol of CuO 1
Therefor No. of mole for CuO = 0.1 mol
3. Mass of CuO = 0.1 mol X 80 g mol-1 = 8 g 1
(v) Mass of oxygen is 0.8g 1

Simplest mol ratio : Cu : O = 3.2/64 : 0.8/16 = 1 : 1 1
20
Mark
(a) (i) Empirical formula of a compound is a formula that shows the simplest whole
6 number ratio of each atoms of each element in a compound. 1
(ii) (ii)
Substance Empirical formula
C10H8 C5H4 1
H2SO4 H2SO4 1

16
(b)
Element Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen
Percentage (%) 62.07 10.34 27.59
Mass/ g 62.07 10.34 27.59
Mole 62.07/12 10.34/1 27.59/16
= 5.17 = 10.34 = 1.72 1
Simplest mole 5.17/1.72 10.34/1.72 1.72/1.72

ratio =3 = 6 =1 1
Empirical formula = C3H6O

1
n [C3H6O ] = 116
[ 3(12) + 6(1) + 16 ] n = 116
58 n = 116 1
n= 2
1
Molecular formula = C6H12O2
(c) Procedure :
1. Clean magnesium ribbon with sand paper.

2.Weigh crucible and its lid.
3. Put magnesium ribbon into the crucible and weigh the crucible with its lid.
4. Heat strongly the crucible without its lid.
5. Cover the crucible when the magnesium starts to burn and lift/raise the lid a
little at intervals.
6. Remove the lid when the magnesium burnt completely.
7.Heat strongly the crucible for a few minutes.
8.Cool and weigh the crucible with its lid and the content.
9. Repeat the processes of heating, cooling and weighing until a constant mass
is obtained.
10.Record all the mass.
10
Tabulation of result :
Description Mass/ g
Crucible + lid a
Crucible + lid + magnesium b 1
Crucible + lid + magnesium oxide c
Element Magnesium Oxygen 1

Mass / g b-a c-b
Mole b-a/ 24 c-b / 16 1
Simplest ratio of x y
mole 1
Empirical formula = MgxOy Max

11
Total 20

17
No Sub T
7. (a) 1. Empirical formula is the chemical formula that shows the simplest ratio of
atoms of each element in the compound. 1
2. Molecular formula is the formula that shows the actual number of atoms of 1
each element in the compound.
3. Example : empirical formula of ethene is CH2 and the molecular formula is 1 3
C2H4
Element Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen

(b)(i)
Percentage 40.00 6.66 53.33
6.66
 6.66
Number of
moles
40
12
 3.33 1 53.33
16
 3.33 1
Ratio of moles 1 2 1
1
Empirical formula is CH2O

n(CH2O) = 180 1
(ii) 12n + 2n + 16n = 180
30n = 180
n=6
1
molecular formula = C6H12O6 1 5
(c)(i) Magnesium is more reactive than hydrogen//Position of magnesium is above 1

hydrogen in the reactivity series
(ii) Lead(II) oxide / Stanum oxide / iron oxide / copper(II) oxide
(iii) 1. Clean [5 – 15] cm magnesium ribbon with sandpaper and coil it.
2. Weigh an empty crucible with its lid.
3. Place the magnesium in the crucible and weigh again.
4. Record the reading.
5. Heat the crucible very strongly.
6. Open and close the lid very quickly.
7. When burning is complete stop the heating
8. Let the crucible cool and then weigh it again
9. The heating, cooling and weighing process is repeated until a constant mass is
recorded.
10.
Description Mass(g) 10
Crucible + lid
Crucible + lid + Mg / Zn / Al
Crucible + lid + MgO / ZnO / Al2O3
Total 20

18
SET 2 :ELECTROCHEMISTRY
Question Mark scheme Mark

No
1(a) Electrical to chemical energy / Tenaga elektrik kepada tenaga kimia 1
(b) Pure copper / Kuprum tulen 1
(c) Cu2+ and H+ 1
(d)(i) Become thicker / brown solid formed 1
(ii) Bertambah tebal / pepejal perang terbentuk 1
Cu2+ + 2e  Cu
(e) Blue solution remain unchanged // the intensity of blue solution is the same. 1
Larutan biru tidak berubah // keamatan warna biru larutan adalah sama.
(i) the concentration of Cu2+ ions remains the same.
kepekatan ion kuprum(II) tidak berubah 1
(ii) the rate of ionized copper at the anode same as the rate of discharged copper(II)
ion at the cathode . 1
kadar pengionan kuprum di anode sama dengan kadar ion kuprum(II)
dinyahcaskan di katod
(f) Oxidation / pengoksidaan 1
Copper atom released electron to form copper(II) ion. 1
Atom kuprum menderMarkan / membebaskan elektron menghasilkan ion kuprum(II).
(g) Electroplating of metal // extraction of metal 1
Penyaduran logam // pengekstrakan logam
Total 11
2(a)(i) Chloride ion / Cl-, hydroxide ion / OH-, sodium ion / Na+ and hydrogen ion / H+
Ion klorida / Cl-, ion hidroksida /OH-, ion natrium , Na+ dan ion hidrogen / H+ 1
(ii) Cl-. The concentration of chloride ion is higher than hydroxide ion. 1+1
Cl-. Kepekatan ion klorida lebih tinggi daripada ion hidroksida
(iii) 2Cl-  Cl2 + 2e 1
(b)(i)
Hydrogen gas Oxygen gas
Gas hidrogen Gas oksigen
Sodium sulphate
Carbon electrodes
solution
Elektrod karbon
Larutan natrium
sulfat
A 1
Functional – 1 1
Label - 1
(ii) - place lighted splinter at the mouth of the test tube containing hydrogen gas 1
- “pop” sound produced
- Letakkan kayu uji menyala ke dalam tabung uji berisi gas hydrogen 1
- Bunyi “pop” terhasil
(iii) - Sodium ion and hydrogen ions move to the cathode, hydrogen ion is selectively
discharged 1
- hydrogen ion is lower than sodium ion in the Electrochemical Series. 1
- Ion natrium dan ion hydrogen bergerak / tertarik ke katod, ion hidrogen terpilih
untuk nyahcas / discas
- Ion hidrogen terletak di bawah ion natrium dalam Siri Elektrokimia
Total 11
19

No
3(a) Cu2+ , H+ 1
(b) Carbon electrode which connect to copper electrode in cell A. 1
Because oxidation takes place 1
Elektrod karbon yang disambung kepada elektrod kuprum dalam sell A
Kerana proses pengoksidaan berlaku
(c)(i) X – silver electrode / elektrod argentum 1
Y – impure silver electrode / elektrod argentum tak tulen 1
(ii) Ag+ + e  Ag 1
(d)(i) - The electrode become thinner 1
- Silver atom ionized / silver atom oxidized to form silver ion 1
- elektrod seMarkin nipis
- atom argentum mengion / atom argentum dioksidakan membentuk argentum ion.
(ii) Y : Ag  Ag+ + e 1
Z : Ag+ + e  Ag 1
(e) The waste chemicals emitted contain poisonous heavy metal ions and cyanide ions / alter 1
the pH of water.
Bahan buangan kimia dibebaskan mengandungi logam berat yang beracun dan sianid /
mengubah nilai pH air
11

No
4(a)(i) Lead(II) ion// Pb2+, bromide ion// Br- 1
Ion plumbum(II)// Pb2+, ion bromida// Br-
(ii) Sodium ion // Na+, hydrogen ion// H+, sulphate ion// SO42-, hydroxide ion//OH- 1
ion natrium // Na+, ion hidrogen// H+, ion sulfat // SO42-, ion hidroksida //OH-
(b)(i) Lead / Plumbum 1
(ii) Pb2+ + 2e  Pb 1
(iii) Brown gas / Gas berwarna perang 1
(c)(i) hydroxide ion / ion hidroksida 1
(ii) Anode : Oxygen gas 1
anod : Gas oksigen
Cathode : hydrogen gas 1
Katod : gas hidrogen
(iii) Sodium nitrate solution // sulphuric acid
Larutan natrium nitrat // asid sulfurik
(Any suitable electrolyte) 1

20
Rubric Mark
5(a) (i) Q, R, S , Cu 1
…. 1
(ii) positive terminal : Cu 1
Potential difference : 0.7 V 1
S is higher than Cu in the Electrochemical Series 1
..... 3
(b) (i) positive terminal : copper / Cu 1
Negative terminal : Metal P 1
1
(ii) metal P : Zinc / Zn // Magnesium/Mg
(any suitable metal) 1
Solution Q : Zinc sulphate // magnesium sulphate
(any suitable electrolyte) ..... 4
(c) (i) anode : greenish yellow gas 1
cathode : colourless gas (bubbles) 1
….. 2
(ii) gas X : hydrogen 1
gas Y : chlorine 1
….. 2
(iii)
Anode Cathode
Ions move to / ion Hydroxide ion/OH- Hydrogen ion/H+ , 1+1
attracted to Chloride ion/Cl- Potassium ion/K+
1+1
Ions selectively Cl- H+
discharged
Reason Concentration Cl- higher Position of hydrogen 1+1
than OH- ion/H+ is lower than
potassium ion/K+ in the
Electrochemical Series.
Half equation 2Cl-  Cl2 + 2e 2H+ + 2e  H2 1+1
…. 8
Total 20

No
6(a) (i) Substance R : Glucose / ethanol (any suitable covalent compound) 1
Substance S : Sodium chloride solution ( any salt solution / acid / alkali) 1
….. 2
(ii) 1. S conducts electricity but R does not 1
2. S has free moving ions // ions free to move 1
3. R consists of molecules / no free moving ions 1
….. 3
(b) (i) negative terminal : zinc 1
positive terminal : copper 1
….. 2
(ii) 1. zinc electrode become thinner 1
2. Zn  Zn2+ + 2e 1
….. 2
(iii) 1. the potential difference decreases 1
2. iron is lower than zinc in the Electrochemical Series // 1
iron is less electropositive than zinc // distance between iron and
21
copper is shorter than distance between zinc and copper in the

Electrochemical Series ….. 2
(c) (i) Sample answer
Lead(II) bromide / lead(II) iodide /sodium chloride/sodium iodide 1
(any suitable ionic compound)
r : substance that decompose when heated.
Example : lead(II) nitrate, lead(II) carbonate
(ii)
PbI2 // PbBr2 // Carbon electrodes

NaCl Elektrod karbon
Heat
Diagram: Panaskan
Functional 1
Label 1
Observation:
Anode : brown gas Note :
Cathode: grey solid Observations and half-equations are 1
based on the substance suggested. 1
Half equation:
Anode : 2Br-  Br2 + 2e 1
Cathode : Pb2+ + 2e  Pb 1
Product: 1
Anode : lead 1
Cathode : bromine gas ….. 8
Total 20

No
7(a) Sample answer
Silver nitrate solution 1
Silver
Iron spoon Silver nitrate solution
Functional – 1 1
Label - 1 1
Anode : Ag  Ag+ + e 1
Cathode : Ag+ + e  Ag 1
….. 5
(b) 1. metal X is more electropositive than copper // X is higher than copper in the
Electrochemical Series 1
22
2. atom X oxidises to X ion // atom X releases electron 1

3. copper(II) ion accepts electron to form copper 1
4. the concentration of copper(II) ion decreases 1
5. metal Y is less electropositive than copper // Y is lower than copper in the 1
Electrochemical Series ….. 5
(c) Material
0.5 mol dm-3 of P nitrate, Q nitrate, R nitrate, S nitrate solutions, metal P, Q, R and S
Apparatus 1
Test tube, test tube rack, sand paper
Procedure 1
1. Clean the metal strips with sand paper
2. Pour 5 cm3 of P nitrate solution , R nitrate solution , S nitrate solution into different 1
test tubes. 1
3. Place a strip of metal P into each test tube
4. Record the observation after 5 minutes 1
5. Repeat steps 2 to 4 using strip of metal Q, R and S to replace metal P. 1
1
Observation
Metal Metal ion P Metal ion Q Metal ion R Metal ion S
P X X X
Q / X X
R / / X 1
S / / / 1
Conclusion 1
The electropositivity of metals increases in the order of P,Q,R,S …..10
TOTAL 20
SET 2 :OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

No
1 (a) To allow the flow / movement / transfer of ions through it 1
(b) chemical energy to electrical energy 1
( c) mark at electrodes 1
Cell 1 Cell 2
Positive Negative Positive Negative
electrode electrode electrode electrode
Q P R S
(d)(i) magnesium more electropositive than copper //

above copper in the Electrochemical Series
(ii) blue becomes paler / colourless 1
Concentration / number of Cu2+ ion decreases 1
(iii) Mg→ Mg2+ + 2e 1
(iv) Oxidation 1
(e)(i) copper become thicker // brown solid deposited 1
(ii) zinc 1
(iii) zinc undergoes oxidation // zinc atom release electron to form zinc ion 1
11
23

No
2(a) A reaction which involves oxidation and reduction occur at the same time 1
(b) (i) green to yellow/brown 1
(ii) oxidation 1
(iii) Fe2+ → Fe3+ + e 1
(iv) 0 1
(c) (i) magnesium 1
(ii) Mg +Fe2+ → Mg2+ + Fe 1
(iii) +2 to 0 1
(d) 1. label for iron, water and oxygen 1
2. ionization of iron in the water droplet (at anode) 1
3. flow of electron in the iron to the edge of water droplet 1
Water droplet O2
e e
2+
Fe  Fe +2e
Iron
11
3 (a) Reaction A : not a redox reaction 1

Reaction B : a redox reaction 1
Reaction A:
No change in oxidation number 1
Reaction B:
Oxidation number of magnesium changes/increases from 0 to +2 //
Oxidation number of zinc changes/decreases from +2 to 0 1.....4
(b) (i) Oxidation number of copper in compound P is + 2 1

Oxidation number of copper in compound Q is + 1 1.....2
(ii) Compound P : Copper(II) oxide 1

Compound Q : Copper(I) oxide 1
Oxidation number of copper in compound P is +2 1
Oxidation number of copper in compound P is +1 1.....4
(iii)  Substance that is oxidised : H2 1

 Substance that is reduced : CuO 1
 Oxidizing agent : CuO 1
1.....4
 Reducing agent : H2
(c) (i) X, Z, Y 1
Y : Copper 1
Z : Lead 1
X : Magnesium 1.....3

24
2Mg + O2 → 2MgO //
2X + O2 → 2XO
1
[Correct formulae of reactants and product] 1.....2
[Balanced equation]
TOTAL 20
4 (a) (i) Iron(II) ion releases / loses one electron and is oxidised to iron(III) ion// 1
Oxidation number of iron in iron(II) ion increases from +2 to +3.
Iron(II) ion undergoes oxidation, Iron(II) ion acts as a reducing agent 1
(ii) Iron(II) ion receives/ gain one electron and is reduced to iron.// 1
Oxidization number of iron in iron(II) iron decreases from +2 to 0.
iron(II) ion undergoes reduction, Iron(II) ion acts as an oxidising agent 1
(b) Mg  Mg 2  2e 1
Oxidation number of magnesium increases from 0 to +2 1
magnesium undergoes oxidation 1
Cu 2   2e  Cu
oxidation number of copper in copper(II) ion decreases from +2 to 0 1
copper(II) ion undergoes reduction 1
1
(c) At the negative terminal:
Iron(II) ion release / lose one electron and 1
is oxidised to iron(III) ion. 1
Fe2+  Fe3+ + e 1
The green coloured solution of iron(II) sulphate turns brown. 1
Fe2+ act as a reducing agent. 1
At the positive terminal:

Bromine molecules accepts electrons and 1
is reduced to bromide ions, Br- 1
Br2 + 2e  2Br- 1
The brown colour of bromine water turns colourless. 1
Bromine acts as an oxidising agent 1
20

5 (a) 1. Mg/Al/Fe/Pb/Zn
1
2. Magnesium undergoes oxidation as oxidation number of magnesium 1
increases from 0 to +2 and 1
3. Copper (II) oxide undergoes reduction as oxidation number of copper in 1
copper(II) oxide decreases from +2 to 0
4. Oxidation and reduction occur at the same time.
(b) Experiment I
1. Fe2+ ion present 1

2. Metal X lower than iron in the Electrochemical Series // 1
Metal X is less electropositive than iron 1
3. Iron atoms releases electrons to form iron(II) ions

25
Experiment II
-
1. OH ion present
2. Metal Y higher than iron in the Electrochemical Series // 1
Metal Y is more electropositive than iron 1
n+
3. Atom Y releases electrons to form Y ions 1
-
4. Water and oxygen gain electron to form OH ion // 1
2H2O + O2 + 4e → 4OH -
Max 3
(c) Procedure
1. One spatula of copper(II)oxide powder and one spatula of carbon powder is 1

placed into a crucible 1
2. The crucible and its content are heated strongly 1
3. The reaction and the changes that occur are observed 1
4. Steps 1 to 3 are repeated by replacing copper(II)oxide powder with zinc
oxide powder and magnesium oxide powder.
Observation
Mixture Observation
Carbon and The mixture burns brightly.
copper(II)oxide The black powder turns brown
Carbon and zinc The mixture glows dimly.
1+1
oxide The white powder turns grey.
Carbon and No Changes
magnesium oxide
Explanation
Carbon can react with copper(II)oxide and zinc oxide 1
Carbon more reactive than copper and zinc / carbon is above copper and zinc in 1
the Reactivity Series 1
Carbon cannot react with magnesium oxide
1
Carbon less reactive than magnesium / carbon is below magnesium in
the Reactivity Series
20
6 Sample answer
(a) Magnesium/Aluminium/zinc/iron/lead 1
Magnesium dissolve//The blue colour of copper(II)sulphate solution become
paler // brown solid deposited 1
Mg→Mg2+ + 2e 1
Cu2+ + 2e→ Cu 1
Oxidising agent- Cu2+ ion / copper(II) sulphate 1
Reducing agent- Mg 1..6
(b) sample answer
Pb(NO3)2 + 2KI  Pbl2 + 2KNO3 1
Oxidation number: +2 +5 -2 +1 -1 +2 -1 +1 +5 -2 1

26
no changes of oxidation number of all elements in the compounds of reactants

and products. 1
Neutralization 1...4
(c ) sample answer
[Material : Any suitable oxidizing agent

(example : acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution,
acidified potassium dichromate(VI) solution, chlorine water, bromine water),
any suitable reducing agent
(example : potassium iodide solution, iron(II) sulphate solution)
and any suitable electrolyte] 1
[ Apparatus : U-tube , carbon electrodes , connecting wires and galvanometer] 1
Diagram
Functional 1
Labelled 1
Procedure
1 Sulphuric acid is added into a U-tube until 1/3 full 1
2 Bromine water is added into one end of the U-tube while potassium
iodide solution is added into the other end of the U-tube 1
3 carefully 1
4 Two carbon electrodes connected by connecting wires to a galvanometer
are dipped into the two solution at the two ends of the U-tube. 1
Observation
The colour of bromine water change from brown to colourless//
The colour of potassium iodide solution change from colourless to yellow/brown//
The needle of the galvanometer is deflected 1
Oxidation reaction : Br2 + 2e→ 2Br- 1

Reduction reaction: 2I- → I2 + 2e 1
Max : 10
20

27
SET 3 :ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS


No
1 (a)(i) Propanone / Methylbenzene / [any suitable organic solvent] 1
(ii) Water 1
(b)(i) Molecule 1
(ii) Ion 1
(c) 1. Beaker A : No observable change 1
Beaker B : Gas bubbles released
2. H+ ion does not present in beaker A but H+ ion present in beaker B // 1
Hydrogen chloride in beaker A does not show acidic properties but
hydrogen chloride in beaker B shows acidic properties
(d)(i) 1. Correct formula of reactants and products 1

Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2
(ii) 1. Mole of HCl 1

2. Mole ratio 1
3. Answer with correct unit 1
Mole HCl = // 0.005
2 mol HCl reacts with 1 mol Mg

0.005 moles HCl reacts with 0.0025 moles Mg
Mass Mg = 0.0025 x 24 // 0.06 g

TOTAL 10

No
2 (a)(i) Substance that ionize / dissociate in water to produce H + ion 1
(ii) 3 1
(iii) 1. Concentration of acid / H+ ion in Set II is lower than Set I 1
2. The lower the concentration of H+ ion the higher the pH value 1
(iv) 1. Ethanoic acid is weak acid while hydrochloric acid is strong acid 1
2. Ethanoic acid ionises partially in water to produce low concentration of H+ ion 1
while
3. hydrochloric acid ionises completely in water to produce high concentration of H +
ion 1
(b)(i) 1. The pH value of sodium hydroxide in volumetric flask B is lower 1

than A
2. Concentration of sodium hydroxide / OH- ion in volumetric flask B 1
is lower than A

28
(ii) 1. Mole of NaOH 1

2. Mass of NaOH with correct unit 1
Mole NaOH = // 0.005
Mass NaOH = 0.005 x 40 g // 0.2 g
(iii) 0.01 x V = 0.002 x 100 // 20 cm3

TOTAL 10

No
3 (a) Pink to colourless 1
(b) Potassium nitrate 1
(c)(i) HNO3 + KOH → KNO3 + H2O 1
(ii) 1. Mole of HNO3 // Substitution 1

2. Mole ratio 1
3. Concentration of KOH with 1
Mole HNO3 = // 0.01
0.01 mole HNO3 reacts with 0.01 mole KOH
Molarity KOH = mol dm-3 // 0.4 mol dm-3
(d)(i) 10 cm3 1
(ii) 1. Sulphuric acid is diprotic acid but nitric acid is monoprotic acid // 1 mole of 1
+
sulphuric acid produce 2 moles of H ion but 1 mole of nitric acid produce 1 mole
of H+ ion
2. Concentration of H+ ion in sulphuric acid is double compare to nitric acid 1
3. Volume of sulphuric acid needed is half 1
TOTAL 10

No
4 (a) Ionic compound formed when H+ ion from an acid is replaced by a metal ion or 1
ammonium ion
(b) Pb(NO3)2 1
(c) To ensure all the nitric acid reacts completely 1
(d)(i) 1. Correct formula of reactants and products 1
2H+ + PbO → Pb2+ + H2O

29
(ii) 1. Mole of acid 1

2. Mole ratio 1
Mole HNO3 = // 0.05
0.05 moles HNO3 produce 0.025 moles salt G
Mass of salt G = 0.025 x 331 g // 8.275 g

(e) 1. Add 2 cm3 dilute sulphuric acid followed by 2 cm3 of Iron(II) sulphate solution 1
Slowly add concentrated sulphuric acid by slanted the test tube. Then turn it upright. 1
2. Brown ring is formed.
TOTAL

No
5 (a)(i) Salt W : Copper(II) carbonate 1
Solid X : Copper(II) oxide 1
(ii) 1. Flow gas into lime water 1
2. Lime water turns cloudy / chalky 1
3.
(iii) Neutralisation
(iv) 1. Correct formula of reactants and products 1
CuO + 2HCl → CuCl2 + H2O

2+
(b) Cation : Cu ion // copper(II) ion 1
Anion : Cl- ion // chloride ion 1
(c)(i) Ag+ + Cl- → AgCl 1
(ii) Double decomposition reaction 1
TOTAL

No
6 (a)(i) Green 1
(ii) Double decomposition reaction 1
(b)(i) Carbon dioxide 1
(ii) CuCO3 → CuO + CO2 1
(iii) 1. Functional apparatus 1
2. Label 1
Copper(II) carbonate
Heat Lime
water
(c)(i) Sulphuric acid // H2SO4 1

30
(ii) 1. Mole of CuCO3 1

2. Mole ratio 1
Mole CuCO3 = // 0.1
0.1 moles CuCO3 produces 0.1 mole CuO
Mass CuO = 0.1 x 80 g // 8 g
TOTAL
7 (a) 1. Vinegar 1
2. Wasp sting is alkali 1
3. Vinegar can neutralize wasp sting 1
(b) 1. Water is present in test tube X but in test tube Y there is no water. 1
2. Water helps ammonia to ionise // ammonia ionise in water 1
3. OH- ion present 1
4. OH- ion causes ammonia to show its alkaline properties 1
5. Without water ammonia exist as molecule // without water OH- ion does not 1
present
6. When OH- ion does not present, ammonia cannot show its alkaline properties 1
(c) 1. Sulphuric acid is a diprotic acid but nitric acid is a monoprotic acid 1
2. 1 mole of sulphuric acid ionize in water to produce two moles of H+ ion but 1 mole 1
of nitric acid ionize in water to produce one mole of H+ ion
3. The concentration of H+ ion in sulphuric acid is double / higher 1
4. The higher the concentration of H+ ion the lower the pH value 1
(d)(i) 1. Mole of KOH 1
2. Molarity of KOH and correct unit 1
Mole KOH = // 0.25
Molarity = mol dm-3 // 1 mol dm-3
(ii) 1. Correct formula of reactants 1

2. Correct formula of products 1
3. Mole of KOH // Substitution 1
4. Mole ratio 1
HCl + KOH → KCl + H2O
Mole KOH = // 0.025
0.025 mole KOH produce 0.025 mole KCl
Mass KCl = 0.025 x 74.5 g // 1.86 g

TOTAL 20

31

No
8 (a)(i) 1. PbCl2 1
2. Double decomposition reaction 1
(ii) Copper (II) chloride :
Copper(II) oxide / copper(II) carbonate , Hydrochloric acid 1+1
Lead (II) chloride :
Lead (II) nitrate solution , sodium chloride solution ( any solution that contains Cl- ion) 1+1
(b)(i) 1. S = zinc nitrate 1

2. T = zinc oxide 1
3. U = nitrogen dioxide 1
4. W = oxygen 1
(ii) 2Zn(NO3)2  2ZnO + 4NO2 + O2 1+1
(c)(i) 1. Both axes are label and have correct unit 1

2. Scale and size of graph is more than half of graph paper 1
3. All points are transferred correctly 1
(ii) 1
5
(iii) Mole Ba2+ ion = // 0.0025 1
Mole SO4 2- ion = // 0.0025 1
Ba2+ ion : SO4 2- ion

0.0025 : 0.0025 //
1 : 1 1
(iv) Ba 2+
+ SO42- → BaSO4 1
TOTAL 20

No
9 (a) 1. HCl // HNO3 1
2. 1 mole acid ionises in water to produce 1 mole of H+ ion 1
3. H2SO4 1
4. 1 mole acid ionises in water to produce 2 moles of H+ ion 1
(b) 1. Sodium hydroxide is a strong alkali 1

2. Ammonia is a weak alkali 1
3. Sodium hydroxide ionises completely in water to produce high concentration of OH - 1
ion 1
4. Ammonia ionises partially in water to produce low concentration of OH - ion 1
5. Concentration of OH- ion in sodium hydroxide is higher than in ammonia 1
6. The higher the concentration of OH- ion the higher the pH value

32
(c) 1. Volumetric flask used is 250 cm3 1

2. Mass of potassium hydroxide needed = 0.25 X 56 = 14 g 1
3. Weigh 14 g of KOH in a beaker 1
4. Add water 1
5. Stir until all KOH dissolve 1
6. Pour the solution into volumetric flask 1
7. Rinse beaker, glass rod and filter funnel. 1
8. Add water 1
9. when near the graduation mark, add water drop by drop until meniscus reaches the 1
graduation mark
10. stopper the volumetric flask and shake the solution 1
TOTAL 20

No
10 (a)(i) Substance C : Glacial ethanoic acid 1
Solvent D : Propanone [ or any organic solvent] 1
(ii) Solution E
1. Ethanoic acid ionises in water 1
2. Can conduct electricity because presence of freely moving ions 1
3. blue litmus paper turns to red because of H+ ions is present 1
Solution F
4. Ethanoic acid exist as molecules 1
5. Cannot conduct electricity because no freely moving ion 1
6. Cannot change the colour of blue litmus paper because no H+ ion 1
(b) 1. Measure and pour [20-100 cm3] of [0.1-2.0 mol dm-3]zinc nitrate solution into a 1
beaker
2. Add [20-100 cm3] of [0.1-2.0 mol dm-3]sodium carbonate solution 1
3. Stir the mixture and filter 1
4. Rinse the residue with distilled water 1
5. Zn(NO3)2 + Na2CO3ZnCO3 + 2NaNO3 1
6. Measure and pour [20-100cm3]of [0.1-1.0mol dm-3]sulphuric acid into a beaker 1
7. Add the residue/ zinc carbonate into the acid until in excess 1
1
8. Stir the mixture and filter
1
9. Heat the filtrate until saturated / 1/3 of original volume 1
10. Cool the solution and filter 1
11. Dry the crystal by pressing between two filter papers 1
12. ZnCO3 + H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2O + CO2
TOTAL 20

33
SET 3 :RATE OF REACTION


No
1(a)(i) Set II 1
(ii) Able to draw the graph with these criterion:
1 Labelled axis with correct unit 1

2. Uniform scale for X and Y axis & size of the graph is at least half of the graph 1
paper
3. All points are transferred correctly 1
4. Curve is smooth. 1
(b)(i) Set I :
1.Tangen shown in graph correctly 1
2.Rate of reaction = 0.19 cm3s-1 ( +- 0.05) 1
Set II :
1.Tangen shown in graph correctly 1
2.Rate of reaction = 0.23 cm3s-1 (+- 0.05) 1
(ii) Add catalyst 1

Increase the temperature 1
Use smaller size/ metal powder
Increases the concentration of acid// Double the concentration of acid but half volume
[Any two]

No
2 (a) 1. Correct formulae of reactants and product 1
CaCO3+ 2HNO3 → Ca(NO3) 2+ CO2 + H2O

Functional diagram 1
(b) Label 1
Nitric acid Water
Calcium carbonate
(c) 1. Mole of nitric acid 1

2. Mole ratio 1
Number of moles of HNO 3 = 0.2 X 50 = 0.01 mol //

1000
2 mol of HNO3 produce 1 mol of CO2
0.01 mol of HNO3 produce 0.005 mol of CO2

34
Maximum volume of CO2 = 0.005 x 24 = 0.12 dm3 // 120 cm3
(d) Experiment I = 0.12 X 1000 // 0.2 cm3 s-1 // 1

10 X 60
//0.12 //0.012 dm3 min-1
10
1
Experiment II = 0.12 X 1000 // 0.4 cm3 s-1 //
5 X 60
// 0.12 // 0.024 dm3 min-1
5
(e)(i) Rate of reaction in Experiment II is higher than I 1
(ii) - The size of calcium carbonate in Experiment II is smaller than Experiment I // 1
calcium carbonate powder in Experiment II has a larger total surface area exposed to
collision than Experiment I.
- The frequency of collision between between calcium carbonate and 1
hydrogen ion in Experiment II is higher than Experiment I.
- The frequency of effective collision s in Experiment II is higher than Experiment I
1

No
3 -Total surface area of smaller pieces wood is larger/bigger/ greater than the bigger 1
(a) pieces of wood 1
- More surface area exposed to air for burning
(b)(i) 1. Experiment II 1
2. Present of catalyst /manganase(IV) oxide in Experiment I 1
(ii) 1.Correct formulae of reactants and product 1
2.Balanced equation 1
2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2
(iii)
Energy
Ea
Ea’
2H2O2
2 H2O +
O2
1
1. Arrow upward with energy label ,two levels and position of reactant and 1
products are correct
1
2. Curve of Experiment I and experiment II are correct and label
3. Activation energy of experiment I and experiment II are shown and labelled
(c)(i) 1.Correct formulae of reactants and product 1

2.Balanced equation 1
Zn + 2HCl  ZnCl2 + H2
(ii) No. of mol HCl = 50 X 0.5 // 0.025 1
1000
35
2 mol HCl : 1 mol H2 1

0.025 mol HCl : 0.0125 mol H2
1
Volume of H2 = 0.0125 x 24 // 0.3dm3 // 300 cm3
(iii) 1. Add excess zinc powder with 12.5 cm3 of 1 mol dm-3hydrochloric acid . 1
2. At the same temperature 1
OR
1. Add excess zinc powder with 25 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3hydrochloric acid 1
2. At the higher temperature //present of catalyst
1
(iv) 1. Rate of reaction using sulphuric acid is higher 1
2. The concentration of H+ ion in sulphuric acid is higher 1
3. Maximum volume of gas collected is double 1
4. The number of mole of H+ ion in sulphuric acid is double 1
20

No
4 (a) 1. Temperature in refrigerator is lower than in cabinet 1
2. The activity of microorganisme (bacteria) in refrigerator is lower than in 1
refrigerator
3. The amount of toxin produced in the refrigerator is less then in the kitchen 1
cabinet.
(b)(i) 1. Correct formula of reactants and products
2. Mol of sulphuric acid
3. Mole ratio
4. Volume and ratio
Zn + H2SO4 ------- ZnSO4 + H2
No. Of mol H2SO4 = 1 X 50/1000 // 0.05 1

1 mol of H2SO4 : 1 mol of H2 1
0.05 mol of H2SO4 : 0.05 mol of H2 1
Volume of H2 = 0.05 x 24 dm3 //1.2 dm3 //0.05 x 24000//1200 cm3 1
(ii) Experiment I = 1200 // 15 cm3 s-1 1

80
1
Experiment II = 1200 // 7.5 cm3 s-1
160 1
Experiment III = 600 // 2.5 cm3 s-1
240
(iii) Exp I and II
1.Rate of reaction of Expt I is higher
2.The size of zinc in Expt I is smaller 1
3.Total surface area of zinc in Expt I is bigger/larger 1
4.The frequency of collision between zinc atom and hydrogen ion/H+ in Expt I is 1
higher 1
5. The frequency of effective collision in Exp I is higher 1

36
Exp II and III 1

1. Rate of reaction in Expt II is higher 1
2.The concentration of sulphuric acid/ H+ ion in Exp II is higher 1
3. The no. of H+ per unit volume in Expt II is higher/greater in Expt II// 1
4. The frequency of collision between zinc atom and H + in Expt II is higher 1
5. The frequency of effective collision in Expt II is higher
20

No
5.(a) N2 + 3H2 ------- 2NH3 1+1
(i)
(ii) Temperature : 450 – 550 ˚ C 1
Pressure : 200 – 300 atm
1
Catalyst : Powdered iron// Iron filling
[ Any two]
(b)(i) Example of acid
Sample answer :
1
Hydrochloric acid / HCl// Sulphuric acid // Nitric acid
1
Correct formula of reactant and product 1
Balance
Sample answer
2HCl + Mg → MgCl2 + H2
(ii) 1. Experiment I : 20 cm3 / 60 s // 0.33 cm3s-1 1
2. Experiment II : 20 cm3 / 50 s // 0.4 cm3s-1
1
(iii) (Catalyst)
Experiment 1:
1.Pour /measure (50-100) cm3 of (0.1-2 mol dm-3 ) hydrochloric acid . 1
2.Add excess zinc powder/granules 1
3.Add a (2-5 cm3 ) of copper(II) sulphate solution
1
4.At the same temperature
Experiment II :
1. Pour /measure (50-100) cm3 of (0.1-2 mol dm-3 ) hydrochloric acid . 1
2. Add excess zinc powder/granule 1
3. At the same temperature
1
OR
(Temperature)
Experiment 1:
1. Pour /measure (50-100) cm3 of (0.1-2 mol dm-3 ) hydrochloric acid
2. Heat acid to (30-80OC) 1
3. Add excess zinc powder/granule 1
Experiment II : 1
3 -3
1. Pour /measure (50-100) cm of (0.1-2 mol dm ) hydrochloric acid .
2. Without heating
1
3. Add excess zinc powder/granules
1
OR
(Concentration) 1
Experiment 1:
1.Pour /measure (50-100) cm3 of (0.2-2 mol dm-3 ) hydrochloric acid .
2. Add excess zinc powder/granules 1
3.At the same temperature

37
Experiment II : 1
1. Pour /measure (50-100) cm3 of (0.1-1 mol dm-3 ) hydrochloric acid . 1
2. Add excess zinc powder/granules
3. At the same temperature
OR
(Size)
Experiment 1:
1
1.Pour /measure (50-100) cm3 of (0.1-2 mol dm-3 ) hydrochloric acid .
2. Add excess zinc powder 1
3.At the same temperature 1
Experiment II : 1
3 -3
1. Pour /measure (50-100) cm of (0.1-2 mol dm ) hydrochloric acid . 1
2. Add excess zinc granule
3. At the same temperature 1
(iv) (Catalyst)
1.Catalyst/copper(II) sulphate is used in Experiment I
2. Catalyst/(copper(II) sulphate) lower activation energy (and provide an alternative 1
path) 1
3. More colliding particles / ions are able to achieve that lower activation energy.
1
4.The frequency of effective collision between magnesium atoms and hydrogen ion
increases. 1
5. The rate of reaction of Experiment I is higher.
(Any 4) 1
(Temperature)
1. Rate of reaction in Experiment I is higher.
2. The temperature of reaction in Experiment I is higher 1
3. The kinetic energy of particles increases in Experiment I // The particles move 1
faster
4. Frequency of collision between magnesium atom and H+ ion in Experiment I is 1
higher 1
5. Frequency of effective collision in Experiment I is higher
1
(Any 4)
(Concentration)
1. Rate of reaction in Experiment II is higher
2. The concentration of acid in Experiment I is higher 1
3. The number of hydrogen ion per unit volume in Experiment II is higher 1
4. Frequency of collision between magnesium atom and H+ ion in Experiment I is
higher
5. Frequency of effective collision in Experiment II is higher 1
(Any 4)
1
(Size) 1
1.Rate of reaction in Experiment I is higher
1
2.The size of magnesium in Experiment I is smaller
3.Total surface area of magnesium in Experiment I is bigger/larger 1
4.The frequency of collision between magnesium atoms and hydrogen ions in
1
Experiment I higher
5.The frequency of effective collision between in Experiment I is higher 1
(Any 4) 1
(v) The number of mol are same // The concentration and volume of acid are same 1

38

No
6.(a) 1. First minute = 24/60 =0.4 cm3 s-1 // 24 cm3 min-1 1
(i) 2. 2 nd minute = 34-24/60 =0.167 cm3 s-1 // 10 cm3 min-1
1
(ii) 3. rate in 1 st minute higher than 2 nd minute (vice versa) 1
4. concentration of sulphuric acid / mass of zinc decreases
1
(iii) All hydrogen ion from acid was completely reacts 1
(iv) A catalyst lower activation energy provide an alternative path 1
More colliding particles /zinc atoms and hydrogen ions are able to overcome the lower
1
activation energy.
The frequency of effective collisions between zinc atom and hydrogen ion in is higher.
(any 2 )
(b) - hydrogen and oxygen molecules collide 1
- with correct orientation 1
-total energy of particles higher or equal to activation /minimum energy 1
(Temperature)
1
Materials:
0.2 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate, 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid, a piece of white paper
marked ‘X’ at the centre.
Apparatus: 1
150 cm3 conical flask, stopwatch, 50 cm3 measuring cylinder, 10 cm3 measuring
cylinder, thermometer, Bunsen burner, wire gauze.
Procedure:
1
3 -3
1.Using a measuring cylinder, 50 cm of 0.2 mol dm sodium thiosulphate solution is
measured and poured into a conical flask.
1
2.The conical flask is placed on top of a piece of white paper marked ‘X’ at the centre.
1
3.5 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid is measured using another measuring cylinder.
4.The sulphuric acid is poured immediately and carefully into the conical flask. At the 1
same time, the stop watch is started
5.The mixture in a conical flask is swirled. 1
6.The ‘X’ mark is observed vertically from the top of the conical flask through the
solution. 1
7.The stopwatch is stopped once the ‘X’ mark disappears from view.
1
8.Step 1 – 7 are repeated using 50 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate solution at
40oC, 50oC, 60 oC by heating the solution before 5 cm3 of sulphuric acid is added in.
(Max 7) 1
Conclusion
When the temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution is higher , the rate of reaction is
higher
1

39
(Temperature)
1
Materials:
0.2 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate, 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid, water, a piece of white
paper marked ‘X’ at the centre.
Apparatus: 1
150 cm3 conical flask, stopwatch, 50 cm3 measuring cylinder, 10 cm3 measuring
cylinder, wire gauze.
1
Procedure:
1.Using a measuring cylinder, 50 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate solution is 1
measured and poured into a conical flask.
2.The conical flask is placed on top of a piece of white paper marked ‘X’ at the centre. 1
3.5 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid is measured using another measuring cylinder.
1
4.The sulphuric acid is poured immediately and carefully into the conical flask. At the
same time, the stop watch is atarted
1
5.The mixture in a conical flask is swirled.
6.The ‘X’ mark is observed vertically from the top of the conical flask through the 1
solution.
1
7.The stopwatch is stopped once the ‘X’ mark disappears from view.
8.Step 1 – 7 are repeated by adding 5 cm3, 10 cm3, 15 cm3, 20 cm3 and 40 cm3 of
1
distilled water .(at the same time) maintaining the total volume of solution at 50 cm3
after dilution//table of dilution
(Max 7)
Conclusion
When the temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution is higher , the rate of reaction is 1
higher
SET 3 :THERMOCHEMISTRY

No
1 (a) Heat change /released when 1 mol copper is displaced from copper (II)
sulphate solution by zinc
1
(b) Blue to colourless
1
(c) (i) 50 X 4.2 X 6 J // 1260 J
1
(ii) (1.0 )(50)
1000 // 0.05
1
(iii) 1260 -1 1
0.05 J // 25200 J mol

40
= - 25.2 kJ mol-1 1
(d) 1. Correct reactant and product 1

2. Correct two energy level for exothermic reaction 1
3. Correct value heat of displacement and unit 1
Sample answer
Energy
Zn + CuSO4 //Zn + Cu2+
∆H = - 25.2 kJmol-1
ZnSO4 + Cu //Zn2+ + Cu
(e) (i) 3°C

1
(ii) Number of mole copper displaced is half 1
Heat released is half / 1260 J // 630 J 1
2
TOTAL 12
2 (a) Heat of precipitation is the heat change when one mole of a precipitate is 1
formed from its solution.
(b) To reduce heat loss to the surrounding. 1
Reject : prevent
(c) Ag+ + Cl- → AgCl 1
(d) (i) The heat released 1
=(50 + 50) x 4.2 x 3.5
=1470 J
(ii) Number of moles of Ag+
= (50 x 0.5) = 0.025 mol 1
1000
Number of moles of Cl-
= (50 x 0.5) = 0.025 mol 1
1000
0.025 mole of Ag+ reacts with 0.025 mole of Cl- to form 0.025 mole of
(iii) AgCl 1
Number of moles of AgCl = 0.025 mol
= x 1470 J 1
(iv) =58 800 J
Heat of precipitation of AgCl = -58.8 kJ mol-1 1
(e) Ag+ + Cl-→AgCl ∆H = -58.8kJmol-1 1
// AgNO3 + NaCl →AgCl + NaNO3 ∆H = -58.8kJmol-1
(i)

41
Energy
Ag+ + Cl-
∆H = -58.8kJmol-1
(ii)
AgCl
1. Label axes 1
2. Energy levels of reactants and products correct with formula of 1
reactants and products
3. Heat of precipitation written 1
Total

3. (a) (i) Ethanol 1
(ii) 1260 kJ of heat energy is released when one mole of ethanol is burnt 1
completely in excess oxygen
(i) No of moles of alcohol = 0.23 / 46 1

(b) = 0.005 mol
1 mol of alcohol burnt released 1260 kJ
Thus, 0.005 mol of alcohol burnt released 6.3 kJ 1
(ii) mc = 6.3 kJ

mc = 6.3 x 1000 1
= 6300/ 200 x 4.2
= 7.5 0 C 1
( c) Heat is lost to the surrounding // Heat is absorbed by the apparatus or

containers // Incomplete combustion of alcohol 1
(d) (i)
Energy
C2 H5 O H + 3 O2
∆ H = - 1260 kJmol-1
2 CO2 + H2 O
1
1. Label axes 1
2. Energy levels of reactants and products correct with formula of reactants
and products 1
3. Heat of combustion written

42
(ii)
1
1. Label 1
2. Functional
(e) (i)
- 2656 kJmol-1 // 2500-2700 kJmol-1
1
(ii) 1. The molecular size/number of carbon atom per molecule propanol is
bigger/higher methanol 1
2. Combustion of propanol produce more carbon dioxide and water
molecules 1
3. More heat is released during formation of carbon dioxide and water
molecules 1
Total marks

4 (a) (i)
Characteristic Diagram 4.1 Diagram 4.2
Change in Increase Decrease
temperature 1
Type of Exothermic reaction Endothermic reaction 1
chemical
reaction
Energy content The total energy content of The total energy content of 1+1
of reactants the reactants more than the reactants less than the
and products the energy content of the energy content of the
products products
Amount of Amount of heat absorbed Amount of heat absorbed for

heat absorbed for the breaking of bond in the breaking of bond in the
1+1
/realeased the reactant is less than reactant is more than heat
during heat released during released during formation of
breaking of formation of bond in the bond in the products
bonds products
(ii) Number of moles of FeSO4 = MV
1000
= (0.2)(50) = 0.01 mol
1000 1
Heat change = 0.01 x 200 kJ
= 2 kJ // 2000 J
Heat change = mcθ
1
θ = 2000
(50)(4.2)
1
θ = 9.5 oC

43
(b) 1. Number of mole of Ag+ ion in both experiment

= 25 x 0.5 // 0.0125 mol 1
1000
2. Number of mole of Cl- ion in both experiment
1
= 25 x 0.5 // 0.0125 mol
1000
3. Number of mole of silver chloride formed is the same 1
4. Na+ ion and K+ ion not involved in the reaction // Ag+ ion and Cl- involved in the 1
reaction
(c) (i) Heat change = mcθ

= (100)(4.2)(42.2 – 30.2)
= 5040 J / 5.04 kJ 1
Number of moles of HCl / H + ion = (50)(2 = 0.1 mol

1000 1
Number of moles of NaOH / OH - ion = (50)(2) = 0.1 mol
1000
The heat of neutralization = 5.04
1
0.1
1
ΔH = - 50.4 kJ mol-1
(ii) Temperature change is 12.0 oC // same 1

Number of moles of sodium hydroxide reacted when hydrochloric acid or
sulphuric acid is used is the same // 0.01 mol 1
Number of mole of water formed when hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid used
is the same // 0.01 mol 1
H+ ion in excess when sulphuric acid is used 1
Total marks 20

5 (a) (i) Neutralisation//Exothermic reaction 1
(ii) Total energy content of reactant is higher than total energy content in 1
product
(iii) 1. The heat of neutralization of Experiment 1 is higher than Experiment 2 1
2. HCl is strong acid while ethanoic acid is weak acid 1
3. HCl ionises completely in water to produce high concentration of H+ ion 1
4. CH3COOH ionizes partially in water to produce low concentration of H +
ion and most of ethanoic acid exist as molecules 1
5. In Expt 2,Some of heat given out during neutralization reaction is used to
dissociate the ethanoic acid molecules completely in water//part of heat
that is released is used to break the bonds in the molecules of ethanoic 1
acid that has not been ionised
(b) (i) No of mol acid/alkali= 50 X 1 /1000= 0.05
1
Q = ∆ H X no of mol
= 57.3 X 0.05
= 2.865 kJ // 2865 J 1
1
(ii) 2865 = 100 X 4.2 X 0 1
θ = 2865 ÷ 420 1

44
= 6.8 oC ( correct unit) 1
(iii) 1. Some of heat is lost to the sorrounding

1
2. Heat is absorbed by polystyrene cup
1
(c ) A B
The reaction is exothermic// Heat is The reaction is endothermic// Heat
released to the surrounding during the is absorbed from the surrounding 1
reaction during the reaction
Heat released is x kJ when 1 mol Heat absorbed is y kJ when 1 mol
product is formed product is formed. 1
The total energy content in reactant is The total energy content in
higher than total energy content in reactant is lower than total energy
product content in product 1
The temperature increases during the The temperature decreases during
reaction the reaaction
Heat released during the formation of Heat absorbed during the breaking 1
bond in product is higher than heat of bond in reactant is higher than
absorbed during the breaking of bond heat released during the formation
in reactant of bond in product
1
TOTAL 20
6 (a) (i)
energy
Zn + CuSO4
∆H = -152 kJmol-1
ZnSO4 + Cu
1
1. Y-axes : energy 1
2. Two different level of energy
(ii) 1. reactants have more energy // products have less energy 1
2.energy is released during the experiment // this is exothermic reaction 1
(b) No. of mol of H+ ion/OH- = 1x50/1000// 0.05 1

Heat change = 100x 4.2 x7//2940 Joule//2.94 kJ 1
Heat of neutralization= -2940/0.05 1
= -58800 J mol -1//-58.8 kJ mol-1 1
(c) 1. Heat of combustion of propane is higher 1
2. The molecular size/number of carbon atom per molecule propane is 1
bigger/higher 1
3. Produce more carbon dioxide and water molecules//released more heat energy
1. Methanol/ethanol/ propanol, 1
Diagram:
2. -labelled diagram 1
3. -arrangement of apparatus is functional 1..3

45
1. (100-250 cm3 )of water is measured and poured into a copper can and the
copper can is placed on a tripod stand
2. the initial temperature of the water is measured and recorded
3. a spirit lamp with ethanol is weighed and its mass is recorded
4. the lamp is then placed under the copper can and the wick of the lamp is lighted
up immediately
5. the water in the can is stirred continuously until the temperature of the water
increases by about 30oC.
..4
6. the flame is put off and the highest temperature reached by the water is
recorded
7. The lamp and its content is weighed and the mass is recorded
…. 8 max 4
Data
The highest temperature of water = t2

The initial temperature of water = t1
Increase in temperature,  = t2 - t1 = 
Mass of lamp after burning = m2

Mass of lamp before burning = m1
Mass of lamp ethanol burnt, m = m1 - m2 = m …..1
Calculation :
Number of mole of ethanol, C2H5OH, n = m

46 ……1
The heat energy given out during combustion by ethanol = the heat energy absorbed
by water= 100x x c x  J
Heat of combustion of ethanol = m c  KJ mol-1
n
= -p kJ/mol …1 ..3
Total marks 20

46

7 (a) (i) Heat change = mc = (25+25)(4.2)(33-29) = 445 J 1
Heat of precipitation of AgCl

= - 445 / 0.0125 = -35600 J mol-1 // 35.6 kJ mol-1 1
Energy
AgNO3 + NaCl
H = -35.6 kJ mol-1
* Accept ionic equation
AgCl + NaNO3*
1. The position and name /formulae of reactants and products are correct.
2. Label for the energy axis and arrow for two levels are shown. 1
1
(b) (i) 1. HCl is a strong acid // CH3COOH is a weak acid.
2. HCl ionised completely in water to produce higher concentration of H +
ion. //
3. CH3COOH ionised partially in water to produce lower concentration of
H+ ion. 4Max
4. during neutralisation reaction, some of the heat released are absorbed by 3
(ii) CH3COOH molecules to dissociate further in the molecules.
1. H2SO4 is a diprotic acid// HCl is a monoprotic acid.

2. H2SO4 produced two moles of hydrogen ion/H+ when one mole of the acid
ionised in water //
3. HCl produced one mole of hydrogen ion/ H+ when one mole of the acid
ionised in water. 4Max
4. When one mole of OH- reacts with two moles of H+ will produce one 3
mole of water, the heat of neutralisation is still the same as Experiment I
because the definition of heat of neutralisation is based on the formation
of one mole of water.
(c) - apparatus and material : 2 marks

- procedures : 5 marks
- Table : 1 mark
- Calculation : 2 marks
Sample answer:
Apparatus : Polystyrene cup, thermometer, measuring cylinder.
1
Materials : Copper (II) sulphate, CuSO4 solution, zinc powder.
1
Procedures :
1. Measure 25 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 copper (II) sulphate, CuSO4 solution and pour it
1
into a polystyrene cup.
2. Put the thermometer in the polystyrene cup and record the initial temperature of
1
the solution.
1
3. Add half a spatula of zinc powder quickly and carefully into the polystyrene cup. 1
4. Stir the reaction mixture with the thermometer to mix the reactants. 1
5. Record the highest temperature reached.

47
Tabulation of data:
Initial temperature of CuSO4 solution (oC) 1

Highest temperature of the reaction mixture (oC) 2
Temperature change (oC) 2 - 1
....1
Calculation :
Number of mole of CuSO 4
= MV/1000 = (0.2)(25)/1000 = 0.005 mol ……1
Heat change = mc(2 - 1) = x J
Heat of displacement = x / 0.005 kJ mol-1

= y kJ mol-1 …….1
TOTAL 20
SET 4 :CARBON COMPOUNDS


1 (a) 1
Or
(b) C3H7OH + 9/2O2  3CO2 + 4H2O 1

(c) (i) Sweet/ pleasant smell /// fruity smell 1
(ii) Methanoic acid 1
(iii) 1+1
O H H H
HC  OC C C H
H H H
(d) (i) Oxidation 1

(ii) Orange colour of acidified potassium dichromate (VI) solution turns green 1
(iii) C3H7OH + 2[O]  C2H5COOH + H2O 1
(e) C3H7OH  C3H6 + H2O
(ii) propanol
propene
1+1
48

2 (a) (i) Fermentation 1
(ii) Ethanol 1
(iii) H H
H C C H
1
H OH
(b) C2H5OH + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O 1+1
(c) (i) Ethene 1
(ii)
H H
৷ ৷
C -C
৷ ৷
H H n
1
(d) Purple to colourless 1
(e) (i) Ethyl ethanoate 1
(ii) CH3COOH + C2H5OH  CH3COOC2H5 + H2O 1+1

No
3 (a)
Characteristics Explanation 1+1
Same general formula CnH2n + 1OH
successive member is different from Relative atomic mass is different 1+1

each other by – CH2 by 14
Gradual change in physical Number of carbon atom per
properties // molecules increase // 1+1
Melting / boiling point increase size of molecule increase
Similar chemical properties // Have same chemical/similar
oxidation produce carboxylic acid functional group 1+1
Can be prepared by similar method // Have same chemical properties //

can be prepared by hydration of have same functional group 1+1
alkene
(b) (i) (CH2O)n = 60

(12 + 2 + 16)n = 60
n=2 1
C2H4O2 1
(ii) Carboxylic acid 1
React with carbonate to produce carbon dioxide 1

49
(iii) 2 CH3COOH + CaCO3 → (CH3COO)2Ca + H2O + CO2
Correct formula of reactants and products 1

Balanced equation 1
(c)
Compound P Q
The number of carbon atom 2 2 1
The number of hydrogen atom 4 6 1
number of hydrogen atom Q is higher
Type of covalent bond Double bond / / Single bond/ / 1
between // carbon/ Type of Unsaturated Saturated
hydrocarbon
Type of homologous series // Alkene// Alkane // 1
// Ethene // Ethane
Name of compound
1
General formula// CnH2n // CnH2n+2 //
Max
Molecular formula of the C2H4 C2H6
4
compound
20

4 (a) (i) 14.3 % 1
(ii) Element C H
Mass/ % 85.7 14.3 1
No. of moles 85.7 = 7.14 14.3 = 14.3
12 1 1
Ratio of moles/ 7.14 = 1 14.3 = 2 1
Simplest ratio 7.14 7.14
Empirical formula = CH2
RMM of (CH2)n = 56 .............1

[(12 + 1(2)]n = 56
14n = 56
n = 56
14
= 4 ………..1
Molecular formula : C4H8 ………………..1 6 max
5
(iii) 1+1
1+1
But-2-ene 2-methylpropene But-1-ene
Max 4
[any 2]

50
(iv) Compound M (Butene, C4H8) has a higher percentage of carbon atom in their
molecule than butane, C4H10 …………….1
4(12)
% of C in C4H8 = x 100%
4(12)  8
= 48 x 100%
56
= 85.7% …………1
% of C in C4H10 = 4(12) x 100%
4(12)  10
= 48 x 100%
58
= 82.7% ………..1
.....3
(b) (i) Starch 1
Protein / natural silk 1
(ii) H H CH3 H
I I I I
C = C– C = C 1
I I 1..2
H H
2-methylbut-1,3-diene or isoprene
(c) (i) Rubber that has been treated with sulphur 1
(ii) In vulcanised rubber sulphur atoms form cross-links between the rubber molecules 1
These prevent rubber molecules from sliding too much when stretched
1
TOTAL 20

5 (a) (i)
Type of Homologous General
Hydrocarbon
bond series formula
A covalent alkane CnH2n+2 3
B covalent alkene CnH2n 3
(ii) Carbon dioxide 1

2C4H10 + 13O2 → 8CO2 + 10H2O
[Chemical formulae of reactants and products] 1
[Balanced] 1
(iii) Hydrocarbon B. 1
Hydrocarbon B is an unsaturated hydrocarbon which react with bromine.
Hydrocarbon A is a saturated hydrocarbon which do not react with bromine. 1

51
(iv) Hydrocarbon B more sootiness. 1

B has higher percentage of carbon by mass. 1
% of carbon by mass ;
Hydrocarbon A : 4(12) × 100 // 82.76 % 1

4(12) + 10(1)
Hydrocarbon B : 4(12) × 100 // 85.71 % 1

4(12) + 8(1)
(b) Carboxylic acid X :
Propanoic acid 1
Alcohol Y:
Ethanol 1
TOTAL 20

6 (a) (i) X - any acid – methanoic acid 1
Y - any alkali – ammonia aqueous solution 1
(ii) 1. Methanoic acid contains hydrogen ions 1

2. Hydrogen ions neutralise the negative charges of protein membrane 1
3. Rubber particles collide, 1
4. Protein membrane breaks 1
5. Rubber polymers combine together 1
5 max
4
(iii) Ammonia aqueous solution contains hydroxide ions 1
Hydroxide ions neutralise hydrogen ions (acid) produced by activities of bacteria
1
(b) (i) Alcohol 1
(ii) Burns in oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water 1
Oxidised by oxidising agent (acidified potassium dichromate (VI) solution) to 1
form carboxylic acid
(iii) Procedure:
1. Place glass wool in a boiling tube
3
2. Soak the glass wool with 2 cm of ethanol
3. Place pieces of porous pot chips in the boiling tube
4. Heat the porous pot chips strongly
5. Heat glass wool gently

52
6. Using test tube collect the gas given off 6 max

5
Diagram:
Porcelain chips
Glass wool
soaked with
ethanol
Heat Heat Water
[Functional diagram] 1
[Labeled – porcelain chips, water, named alcohol, heat] 1
Test:
Add a few drops of bromine water 1
Brown colour of bromine water decolourised 1
Total 20

No
7 (a) Carbon dioxide/ CO2 and water/ H2O 1
Any one correct chemical equation
Example
2C4H10 + 13O2 → 8CO2 + 10H2O
Chemical formula of reactants 1
Balanced 1
(b) Compound B & Compound D 1

Same molecular formula / C4H8 1
Different structural formula 1
(c) Pour compound A/B into a test tube 1

Add bromine water to the test tube and shake 1
Test tube contain compound A unchanged 1
Test tube contain compound B brown colour turn colourless 1
or
Pour compound A/B into a test tube
Add acidified Potassium manganate(VII) solution to the test tube and shake
Test tube contain compound A unchanged
Test tube contain compound B purple colour turn colourless
(d) Any members of carboxylic acid and correct ester

(i) Example
[Methanoic acid] 1
[Propylmethanoate] 1

53
(d) Pour 2 cm3 of [methanoic acid] into a boiling tube 1

(ii) Add 2 cm3 of propanol/compound E into the boiling tube 1
Slowly/carefully/drop 1 cm3 of concentrated sulphuric acid 1
Heat the mixture gently 1
Pour the mixture in a beaker that contain water 1
Observation : Colorless liquid with fruity smell is formed / Colorless liquid float on 1
water surface
TOTAL 20

No
8(a)
H H H H
H C C C C H But-2-ene 1+1
H H
H H
H C C C H
2-methylpropene 1+1
H
H C H
(b) (i) Propanoic acid 1

Ethanol 1
(ii) Chemical properties for propanoic acid:

1. React with reactive metal to produce salt and hydrogen gas 1
2. React with bases/alkali to produce salt and water 1
3. React with carbonates metal to produce salt, carbon dioxide gas and water 1
4. React with alcohol to produce ester 1
1
[any three]
Chemical properties for ethanol:

1. Undergo combustion to produce carbon dioxide and water 1
2. Burnt in excess oxygen to produce CO2 and H2O 1
3. Undergo oxidation to produce carboxylic acid / ethanoic acid 1
4. React with acidified K2Cr2O7 /KMnO4 to produce carboxylic acid / ethanoic acid 1
5. Undergo dehydration to produce alkene / ethene.
[Any three answers] 1
(c) (i) P : Hexane 1

Q : Hexene // Hex-1-ene 1
(ii) Reaction with bromine // acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution 1
Procedure:
1
54
1. Pour about [2 -5 cm3] of P into a test tube. 1

2. Add 4-5 drops of bromine water / acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution
and shake. 1
3. Observe and record any changes. 1
4. Repeat steps 1 to 3 by replacing P with Q
Observation: 1
P : Brown/ Purple colour remains unchanged. 1
Q : Brown/ Purple colours decolourise / turn colourless.
Max 6
20
SET 4 :MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCE IN INDUSTRY


1 (a) (i) Contact process 1
(ii) Ammonia 1
(iii) Vanadium(V) oxide, 450 oC - 500oC 1
(iv) Ammonium sulphate 1
(v) 2NH3 + H2SO4  (NH4)2SO4 1+1

(b) (i) Composite material
1
(ii) Correct arrangement 1
Tin atom Correct label 1
Copper atom
(iii) nC2H3Cl  --( C2H3Cl )n 1
(iv) It has low thermal expansion coefficient // resistant to thermal shock 1
TOTAL 11
2 (a) (i) SO2 + H2O  H2SO3 1
(ii)  Corrodes buildings

 Corrodes metal structures
 pH of the soil decreases
 Lakes and rivers become acidic 3 4
[Able to state any three items correctly]

55
(b) (i)  Oleum 1

(ii)  2SO2 + O2  2SO3 1
 Moles of sulphur = 48 / 32 =1.5 1
(iii)
 Moles of SO2 = moles of sulphur
1
= 1.5
1
 Volume of SO2 = 1.5  24 dm3 1 6
= 36 dm3
(c) (i)  Pure metal are made up of same type of atoms and are of the same size. 1
 The atoms are arranged in an orderly manner.
 The layer of atoms can slide over each other. 1
1
 Thus, pure copper are ductile.
 There are empty spaces in between the atoms.

1
 When a pure copper is knocked, atoms slide. 1
 Thus, pure copper are malleable. 1
1
Max:5
(ii)  Zinc. 1
 Zinc atoms are of different size, 1
 The presence of zinc atoms distrupt the orderly arrangement of copper 1
atoms.
1
 This reduce the layer of atoms from sliding.
Zinc atom
Copper atom
1
Arrangement of atoms – 1; Label - 1
1
Max: 5
Total 20

3 (a)  Haber process 1
 Iron 1
1+1
 N2 + 3H2 2NH3
(b) Pure copper Bronze 1

Tin atom
1+1
Copper atom
Bronze is harder than pure copper
1
 Tin atoms are of different size
 The presence of tin atoms distrupt the orderly arrangement of copper 1

56
atoms.
 This reduce the layer of atoms from sliding. 1
1
MAX
6
Procedure:
1. Iron nail and steel nail are cleaned using sandpaper. 1
2. Iron nail is placed into test tube A and steel nail is placed into test tube 1+ 1
B.
3. Pour the agar-agar solution mixed with potassium 1
hexacyanoferrate(III) solution into test tubes A and B until it covers
the nails. 1
4. Leave for 1 day. 1
5. Both test tubes are observed to determine whether there is any blue
spots formed or if there are any changes on the nails.
6. The observations are recorded 1
1
Results:
Test tube The intensity of blue spots 1
A High
B Low
Conclusion:
Iron rust faster than steel.
TOTAL 20
SET 4 :CHEMICALS FOR CONSUMERS

1 (a) (i) To improve the colour of food 1
(ii) Absorbs water /inhibits the growth of microorganisms 1
(iii) 1. Preservative 1
2. Flavouring 1
(b) (i) Analgesic 1
(ii) To relieve pain 1
(c) (i) Saponification // alkaline hydrolysis 1
(ii) 1+1
Hydrophobic hydrophilic
(iii) Soap form scum/insoluble salts in hard water. 1

TOTAL 10

57

2 (a) Examples of food preservatives and their functions:
 Sodium nitrite – slow down the growth of microorganisms in meat 1+1
 Vinegar – provide an acidic condition that inhibits the growth of
microorganisms in pickled foods 1+1
(b) (i) No // cannot 1
Because aspirin can cause brain and liver damage if given to children with 1
flu or chicken pox. // It causes internal bleeding and ulceration
(ii) Paracetamol 1
Codeine 1
(iii) 1. If the child is given a overdose of codeine, it may lead to addition. 1
2. If the child is given paracetamol on a regular basis for a long time, it
may cause skin rashes/ blood disorders /acute inflammation of the 1
pancreas.
(c)
Type of food Examples Function
additives
Preservatives Sugar, salt To slow down the growth 2
of microorganisms
Flavourings Monosodium To improve and enhance
glutamate, spice, the taste of food 2
garlic
Antioxidants Ascorbic acid To prevent oxidation of 2
food
Dyes/ Colourings Tartrazine To add or restore the
Turmeric colour in food
2
Disadvantages of any two food additives:
Sugar – eating too much can cause obesity, tooth decay and diabetes
Salt – may cause high blood pressure, heart attack and stroke.
Tartrazine – can worsen the condition of asthma patients 1
1
- May cause children to be hyperactive
MSG – can cause difficult in breathing, headaches and vomiting.
TOTAL 20

3 (a) (i)  Traditional medicines are derived from plants or animals. 1
 Modern medicines are made by scientists in laboratory and based on 1
substances found in nature.
(ii)
Type Modern medicine 1
1
Aspirin 1
Analgesics Paracetamol
Codein 1
Antibiotics Penicillin
Psychotherapeutic Chloropromazin 1
Caffeina 1
MAX
5
(iii) Penicillin
Cause allergic reaction, diarrhoea, difficulty breathing and easily bruising 1

58
Codeine 1
Cause addiction, drowsiness, trouble sleeping, irregular heartbeat and
hallucinations.
1
Aspirin
Cause brain and liver damage if given to children with flu or chicken pox.
Cause internal bleeding and ulceration
(b) Hard water contains calcium ions and magnesium ions. 1

Example : sea water
1
Procedure
1. 20cm3 of hard water (magnesium sulphate solution) is poured into two
separate beakers X and Y. 1
2. 50 cm3 of soap and detergent solutions are added separately in beaker X
and beaker Y. 1
3. A small piece of cloth with oily stains is dipped into each beaker.
4. Each cloth is washed. 1
5. The cleansing action of the soap and detergent is observed. 1
1
Results
Beaker Observation
X The cloth is still dirty. 1
Y The cloth becomes clean. 1
Conclusion
The cleansing action of detergent is more effective than soap in hard water 1

59
SET 5 :PAPER 3 SET 1

Rubric Score
1(a)(i) Able to give correct observation
3
Sample answer:
Colourless solution formed//Aluminium oxide powder dissolved in nitric
acid/sodium hydroxide solution.
Rubric Score
1(a)(ii) Able to give the correct inference.
Sample answer 3
Aluminium oxide is soluble in nitric acid/sodium hydroxide
solution//Aluminium oxide shows basic/acidic properties
Rubric Score
1(a) (iii) Able to give the correct property of aluminium oxide.
3
Answer: amphoteric
Rubric Score
1(b) Able to state the hypothesis correctly.
Sample answer: 3
When aluminium oxide dissolves in nitric acid, it shows basic properties,
when aluminium oxide dissolves in sodium hydroxide solution, shows
acidic properties.
Rubric Score
1(c) Able to state all the variables correctly.
Answer: 3
Manipulated variable: type of solutions // nitric acid and sodium
hydroxide solution
Responding variable: solubility of aluminium oxide in acid and
alkali//property of aluminium oxide
Fixed variable: aluminium oxide
Rubric Score
1(d) Able to state the operational definition correctly.
3
Sample answer.
When aluminium oxide solid is added into sodium hydroxide solution, the
solid dissolved.

60
Rubric Score
1(e)(i) Able to give the correct observations for both experiments.
Red litmus paper turns blue 3
Blue litmus paper turns red
Rubric Score
1(e)(ii) Able to classify all the oxides correctly.
Acidic oxide Basic axide
Carbon dioxide Magnesium oxide 3
Phosphorous pentoxide Calcium oxide
Rubric Score
2(a) Able to state the observation
Sample Answer: 1. Iron glowed brightly 3

2. Iron ignited rapidly with bright flame.
3. Iron glowed dimly
Rubric Score
2(b) Able to state the observation and the way on how to control variable
Sample Answer : 1. change bromine with chlorine and iodine 3

2. Ignition or glowing of halogen
3. Use the same quantity of iron wool in each
experiment.
Rubric Score
2(c) Able to state the correct hypothesis by relating the manipulated variable
and responding variable
Sample Answer :
1. The higher the position of halogen in group 17 the
higher the reactivity towards iron.
2. The higher the position of halogen in group 17 the greater the ignition
or glowing reaction with iron.
Rubric Score
2(d) Able to state the inference correctly.
3
Sample answer:
The solid of Iron(lll) bromide formed//Bromine combined with iron //Iron
is oxidized by bromine//Bromine is reduced by iron
Rubric Score
2(e) Able to arrange the three position of halogen based on the reactivity
toward iron in ascending order 3
Answer : Iodine. Bromine, Chlorine,
Rubric Score
3(a) Able to give the correct arrangement of the metals 3
Answer: Magnesium, Y, copper

61
Rubric Score
3(b) Able to give the name of metal Y correctly. 3
Answer: Zinc//Iron//Lead
Rubric Score
3 (c) Able to give the three observations correctly.
Answer: 3
1. Brown solid deposited
2. Blue solution turns light blue
3. Zinc strip becomes pale blue.
Rubric Score
Able to give the problem statement correctly.
4(a) 3
Sample answer:
How is the effect of other metals on the rusting of iron when the metals
are in contact with iron.
Rubric Score
4(b) Able to state the three variables correctly.
Answer: 3
Manipulated variable: Type of metals//Zinc and copper
Responding variable: Rusting of iron
Fixed variable: iron nail
Rubric Score
4(c) Able to state the hypothesis correctly.
Sample answer: 3
When iron is in contact with a more electropositive metal/zinc, rusting
will not occur, when iron is in contact with less electropositive
metal/copper, rusting will occur.
Rubric Score
4(d) Able to list the apparatus and materials needed for the experiment.
Apparatus: two test tubes, test-tube rack,
Materials: hot agar-agar solution added with phenolphthalein and 3
potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) solution, iron nails, zinc strip, copper
strip, sand paper.
Rubric Score
4(e) Able to give the procedures correctly
Sample answer:
1. Clean 2 pieces of iron nails, zinc strip and copper strip with sand 3
paper.
2. Coil the iron nails with zinc strip and copper strip each.
3. Put the iron nails into two different test tubes
4. Pour hot agar into each test tube until the iron nail is immersed.
5. Leave the apparatus for about 1 day and record the observations.

62
Rubric Score
4(f) Able to tabulate the data correctly
Answer: 2
Experiment Observation
Iron nail coiled with zinc
Iron nail coiled with copper
PAPER 3 SET 2
Rubric Score
1(a) Able to construct the table correctly with the following aspects:
Experiment Ammeter reading/A 3

I 0.0
II 0.5
III 0.0
Rubric Score
1(b) Able to state the inference correctly.
3
Sample answer:
Lead(II) bromide can conduct electricity in molten state//Naphthalene/Glucose
cannot conduct electricity in molten state
Rubric Score
1(c) Able to state the type of compound correctly 3
Answer: ionic compound
Rubric Score
1(d) Able to state all the three variables correctly:
Answer: 3
Manipulated variable: type of compound
Responding variable: ammeter reading//conductivity of electricity
Fixed variable: state of compound//ammeter
Rubric Score
1(e) Able to state the hypothesis correctly.
3
Sample answer:
Molten ionic compound can conduct electricity but molten covalent compound
cannot conduct electricity.
Rubric Score
1(f) Able to state the operational definition correctly.
Sample answer: 3
When carbon electrodes are dipped into molten lead(II) bromide, ammeter
shows a reading/ammeter needle deflects

63
Rubric Score
1(g) Able to explain the difference in conductivity of electricity in Experiment I and
II.
Sample answer: 3
In Experiment II, molten lead(II) bromide consists of free moving ions that
carry the electrical current, In Experiment I molten naphthalene consists of
neutral molecules.
Rubric Score
1(h) Able to classify the substances correctly.
Answer:
Substance can conduct electricity Substance cannot conduct electricity
Carbon rod Glacial ethanoic acid 3
Copper(II) sulphate solution Molten polyvinyl chloride
Rubric Score
2(a) Able to give the correct value of the reading.
3
Answer: Final burette reading = 40.20 cm3
Initial burette reading = 47.20 cm3
X = 5.0 cm3
Rubric Score
2(b) Able to draw the correct graph with the following aspects.
3
1. X –axis and y-axis with label and unit
2. Correct scale
3. Correct shape of graph
Rubric Score
2(c) Able to determine the correct mole ratio.
Answer: 3
Ag+ : Cl-
1.0 x 5 : 1.0 x 5
1000 1000
0.005 : 0.005
1 : 1
Rubric Score
2(d) Able to write the ionic equation correctly. 3
Answer: Ag+ + Cl- → AgCl
Rubric Score
2(e) Able to sketch the correct curve: 3
Graph constant at V = 10 cm3
Rubric Score

64
2(f) Able to classify the salts correctly.
Soluble salt Insoluble salt

Potassium chloride Barium sulphate 3
Nickel nitrate
Ammonium carbonate
Rubric Score
3. (a) Able to state the problem statement correctly.
3
Sample answer:
What is the effect of size of zinc on the rate of reaction with sulphuric acid?
Rubric Score
3(b) Able to state the hypothesis correctly 3
Sample answer:
When size of zinc is smaller, the rate of reaction is higher.
Rubric Score
3(c) Able to state the all the variables correctly
3
Answer:
Manipulated variable: big sized granulated zinc and small sized granulated zinc
Responding variable: rate of reaction
Fixed variable: volume and concentration of sulphuric acid
Rubric Score
3(d) Able to list the necessary materials and apparatus needed.
Sample answer:
Materials: big sized granulated zinc, small sized granulated zinc, 0.1 mol dm-3 3
sulphuric acid, water.
Apparatus: burette, conical flask, delivery tube with stopper, basin, retort,
basin, weighing balance, stop watch, measuring cylinder.
Rubric Score
3(e) Able to list procedures for the experiment
Sample answer.
1. [5-10] g of big sized granulated zinc is weighed and put into the 3
conical flask.
2. Half filled a basin with water.
3. Fill burette with water and invert into the basin and record the initial
reading.
4. Measure 50 cm3 of sulphuric acid and pour into the conical flask.
5. Stopper the conical flask and immediately start the stop watch.
6. Record the burette reading every 30 s intervals for 5 minutes.
7. Repeat the experiment by replacing the big sized granulated zinc with
small sized granulated zinc.

65
Rubric Score
3(f) Able to tabulate the data with the following aspects:
2
Time/s 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210
Burette
reading/cm3
Volume of
gas/cm3
PAPER 3 SET 3
RUBRIC SCORE
1(a) Able to record all the temperature accurately 3
Sample answer :
Experiment 1
Initial temperature = 28.0

Highest temperature = 40.0
Change of temperature = 12.0
Experiment II
Initial temperature = 28.0

Highest temperature = 38.0
Change of temperature = 10.0
RUBRIC SCORE
1(b) Able to construct table accurately with correct title and unit 3
Sample answer :
Temperature Experiment I Experiment II

Initial temperature of mixture, oC 28.0 28.0
Highest temperature of mixture, oC 40.0 38.0
Change of temperature, oC 12.0 10.0
RUBRIC SCORE
1(c) Able to state the relationship between manipulated variable and responding variable 3
with direction correctly
Sample answer :
Manipulated variable : type of acid

Responding variable : heat of neutralisation
Direction : ?
The reaction between a strong acid and strong alkali produce a greater heat of
66
neutralization than the reaction between a weak acid and strong alkali.//
The reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide produce a greater heat of
neutralization than the reaction between ethanoic acid and sodium hydroxide//
The heat of neutralization between a strong acid and a strong alkali is greater than the
heat of neutralization between a weak acid and a strong alkali
RUBRIC SCORE
1(d) Able to explain with two correct reasons 3
Sample answer :
 This is to enable the change in temperature to be measured.

 The change of temperature is needed to calculate the heat of neutralization
RUBRIC SCORE
1(e) Able to state the formula accurately 3
Sample answer :
Change in temperature = Highest temperature of mixture - initial temperature of

mixture
RUBRIC SCORE
1(f) Able to state three observation correctly 3
Sample answer :
1. A colourless mixture of solution is obtained
2. The vinegar smell of ethanoic acid disappears
3. The polystyrene cup becomes warmer
RUBRIC SCORE
1(g) Able to state three constant variables correctly 3
Sample answer :
1. The volumes and concentration of the acid and the alkali

2. The type of cup used in the experiment
3. The type of alkali
RUBRIC SCORE
1(h) Able to calculate the heat of neutralisation for experiment I and II correctly 3
Sample answer :
Experiment I
Heat released = mcƟ

= 50 x 4.2 x 12
= 2520 J
67
Number of mole of sodium hydroxide = MV

= 2.0 x 25/1000
= 0.05 mol
0.05 mole of sodium hydroxide releases 2520 J heat energy
1.0 mole of sodium hydroxide releases = heat released / number of mole

= 2520 / 0.05
= 50400 J
Heat of neutralisation = - 50.40 kJ/mol
Experiment II
Heat released = mcƟ

= 50 x 4.2 x 10
= 2100 J
Number of mole of sodium hydroxide = MV

= 2.0 x 25/1000
= 0.05 mol
0.05 mole of sodium hydroxide releases 2100 J heat energy
1.0 mole of sodium hydroxide releases = heat released / number of mole

= 2100 / 0.05
= 42000 J
Heat of neutralisation = - 42.0 kJ/mol
RUBRIC SCORE
1(i) 3
Able to write the operational definition for the heat of neutralisation correctly. Able to
describe the following criteria
(i) What should be done
(ii) What should be observed
Sample answer :
The heat of neutralization is defined as the temperature rises when one mole of water is
produced from reaction between acid and alkali
RUBRIC SCORE
1(j) Able to state the relationship between type of acid and value of heat of neutralization and 3
explain the difference correctly.
Sample answer :
1. The heat of neutralization of a weak acid by a strong alkali is less than the heat of
neutralization of a strong acid by a strong alkali.
Explanation :
68
2. Experiment I uses a strong acid whereas Experiment II uses a weak acid.

3. During neutralization of a weak acid such as ethanoic acid, small portion of the heat
released in experiment II is absorbed to help the dissociation of the ethanoic acid
molecules
RUBRIC SCORE
1(k) Able to predict the temperature change accurately 3
Sample answer :
Lower than 10oC
RUBRIC SCORE
1(l) Able to classify the acids as strong acid or weak acid. 3
Sample answer :
Name of acid Heat of neutralization /kJmol-1 Type of acid

Ethanoic acid - 50.3 Weak acid
Hydrochloric acid - 57.2 Strong acid
Methanoic acid - 50.5 Weak acid
RUBRIC SCORE
2(a) Able to record all the temperature accurately one decimal places. 3
Time 55.0 s at 30oC

Time 48.0 s at 35oC
Time 42.0 s at 40oC
Time 37.0 s at 45oC
Time 33.0 s at 50oC
RUBRIC SCORE
2(b) Able to construct table accurately with correct title and unit 3
Sample answer :
Temperature/oC 30 35 40 45 50
Time/s 55.0 48.0 42.0 37.0 33.0
1/time / s-1 0.018 0.021 0.024 0.027 0.030
RUBRIC SCORE
2(c)(i) Able to draw the graph of temperature against 1/time correctly 3
i) Axis x : temperature / 0C and axis y : 1/time /1/s

ii) Consistent scale and the graph half of graph paper
iii) All the points are transferred correctly
iv) Correct curve
69
RUBRIC SCORE
2(c)(ii) state the relationship between the rate of reaction and temperature correctly 3
The rate of reaction increases with the increase in temperature
RUBRIC SCORE
2(d Able to predict the time taken 3
)
From the graph, when temperature = 55oC,

1/time = 0.033 s-1
Time = 1/0.033
= 30.3 s
RUBRIC SCORE
2(e)(i) Able to state all variables correctly 3
Manipulated variable : Temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution

Responding variable : Rate of reaction between sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric
acid//time taken for the sign X disappear
Constant variable : Concentration and volume of sodium thiosulphate solution and
hydrochloric acid
RUBRIC SCORE
2(e)(ii) Able to state how to manipulate one variable while keeping the other variables 3
constant.
Temperature is the manipulated variable.

Heating sodium thiosulphate with several different temperatures by remaining the
70
concentration and volume of sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid constant helps
maintain the responding variable.
RUBRIC SCORE
2(f) Able to give the hypothesis accurately 3
Manipulated variable : Temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution

Responding variable : Rate of reaction between sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric
acid//time taken for the sign X disappear
The higher the temperature, the higher the rate of reaction is
RUBRIC SCORE
2(g) Able to state the relationship between temperature and the rate reaction in our daily 3
lives correctly
The lower the temperature, the lower the rate of food turns bad
RUBRIC SCORE
3(a) Able to Marke a statement of the problem accurately and must be in question form 3
Does concentration of ions affect the product of electrolysis process at the anode?
RUBRIC SCORE
3(b) Able to state the relationship between manipulated variable and responding variable 3
correctly
The higher the concentration of ions at the anode, the higher its tendency to be
discharge.
RUBRIC SCORE
3(c) Able to state all the three variables correctly 3
Manipulated variables : concentration of sodium chloride solution

Responding variables : product formed at anode
Controlled variables : quantity of current, carbon electrodes
RUBRIC SCORE
3(d) Able to state the list of substances and apparatus correctly and completely 3
Materials : 0.0001 mol dm-3 sodium chloride solution, 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium chloride
solution.
Apparatus : carbon electrode, electrolytic cell, test tubes, dry cell, blue litmus paper,
wooden splinter, Bunsen burner.

71
RUBRIC SCORE
3(e) Able to state a complete experimental procedure 3
1. Fill electrolytic cell with 0.0001 mol dm-3 sodium chloride solution.
2. Connect carbon electrodes to the power supply and ammeter.
3. Switch on the circuit for half hour.
4. Collect the gas at the anode and test with a glowing wooden splinter and a damp
blue litmus paper.
5. Repeat the step 1 to 4 by replacing 0.0001 mol dm-3 sodium chloride solution with
2.0 mol dm-3 sodium chloride solution.
RUBRIC SCORE
3(f) Able to draw a suitable table with title correctly 3
Solution Observation Product formed at

anode
0.0001 mol dm-3sodium
chloride solution
2.0 mol dm-3sodium
chloride solution
RUBRIC SCORE
4 (a) Able to give the statement of problem correctly.
3
Sample answer:
Does the type of electrode/anode affect the choice of ions to be discharged?
RUBRIC SCORE
4 (b) Able to state all variables correctly. 3
Sample answer:
Manipulated variable : Type of electrode/ anode

Responding variable : Product formed at anode
Controlled variable : Electrolyte
RUBRIC SCORE
4(c) Able to give the hypothesis accurately
Sample answer: 3
Type of electrode/anode will influence the choice of ion to be discharged// type of

electrode/anode will produce different product.
RUBRIC SCORE
4(d) Able to list completely the materials and apparatus. 3
Sample answer:
Materials:
72
1. copper(II) sulphate solution, (0.5 – 2.0) mol dm-3 //any suitable solution that
match with metal plate used.
2. carbon rod
3. copper plate// any metal plate that match with a solution used.
4. wooden splinter// any suitable material used for
testing a gas or any product at anode.
Apparatus:
1. electrolytic cell
2. battery
3. connecting wire
4. test tube
RUBRIC SCORE
4(e) Able to state all procedures completely and correctly.
3
Sample answer:
1. Fill the electrolytic cell (beaker) with half full of copper (II) sulpahate solution
(any suitable electrolyte that match with metal plate used).
2. A test tube filled with copper (II) solution is inverted on the anode carbon
electrode.
3. Complete the circuit.
4. Electricity is flowed.
5. Record observation at anode..
6. Step 1-5 is repeated using copper plate
RUBRIC SCORE
4(f) Able to exhibit the tabulation of data correctly.
2
Sample answer:
Type of electrode Observation

Carbon
Copper/any metal
PAPER 3 SET 4
Rubric Score
1(a) Able to state all the observations and inferences correctly
Sample answers:
Observations Inferences
Zinc atom ionised to zinc ions//zinc atom
1. Zinc electrode become thinner
ionises 6
2. Brown deposite is formed at
Copper atom is formed
copper electrode//thicker
3. Blue solution turn to
Copper(II) ions is discharged to copper
colourless/ become paler //
atom//concentration of copper(II) ion
The intensity of blue solution
decreases
decrease
Rubric Score
73
1(b) Able to state all the voltmeter readings accurately with unit 3
Sample answer:
Zinc and copper : 1.4 V

P and copper : 0.8 V
Q and copper : 2.8 V
R and copper : 0.4 V
Rubric Score
1(c) Able to construct a table to record the voltmeter reading for each pair of metals
accurately
Sample answer:
Pairs of metals Voltage / V

Zinc and copper 1.4 3
P and copper 0.8
Q and copper 2.8
R and copper 0.4
Rubric Score
1(d) Able to arrange all the metals in ascending order in electrochemical series 3
Sample answer:
Copper, R, P, Zinc, Q
Rubric Score
1(e) Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable and the responding 3
variable with direction.
Sample answer:
The further the distance between two/pair of metals in the electrochemical series the
higher/larger/bigger the voltage value.
Rubric Score
1(f) Able to state all the three variables correctly 3
Sample answer:
Manipulated variable : Pairs of metals
Responding variable :Voltmeterreading/voltage/potential difference
Constant variable : copper electrode, copper(II) sulphate solution
Rubric Score
1(g) Able to state the operational definition for the potential difference accurately 3
Sample answer:
The potential difference is the voltmeter reading when two different metals are dipped
in an electrolyte.

74
Rubric Score
1(h) Able to classify the cations and anions in copper(II)sulphate solution correctly 3
Sample answer:
Cations Cu2+, H+
anions SO42-, OH-
Rubric Score
1(i) Able to predict the positive terminal and the voltage value correctly 3
Sample answer:
Positive terminal Voltage /V

P 2.0
Rubric Score
1(i) Able to explain the relationship between the time for negative terminal to corrode and 3
the position in electrochemical series accurately
Sample answer:
The distance between magnesium and copper in electrochemical series further//the
distance between zinc and copper in electrochemical series is closer
Rubric Score
2 (a) Able to state the inference correctly.
Sample answer:
The reactivity (of alkali metals with oxygen) increase from lithium to potassium. // 3
Lithium, sodium and potassium / alkali metals show similar chemical in their reactions
with oxygen.
Rubric Score
2 (b) Able to state the three variables correctly:
1. Method to manipulate variable.
2. The responding variable.
3. The controlled variable.
3
Sample answer:
(i) Use different types of (alkali) / (group 1) metals
(ii) Reactivity of metals with oxygen // Vigorousness of the reaction between
metals and oxygen.
(iii) Oxygen gas // size / mass of metal
Rubric Score
1 (c) Able to state the relationship correctly between the manipulated variable and the
responding variable.
3
Sample answer:
(The lower/higher the position of metal in)/(Going down/up) Group 1, the more/less
75
reactive is the metal in reaction with oxygen. //

The lower/higher the metal in Group 1 the more/less reactive the reaction with
oxygen.
Rubric Score
2 (d) Able to give the operational definition accurately by stating the following three
information.
- alkali metals
- vigorously / more vigorous / reactive with oxygen
3
- more / highly reactive
Sample answer:
An alkali metal that reacts more vigorously with oxygen is a more reactive metal.
Rubric Score
2 (e)(i) Able to state the position of metal X in Group 1 accurately.
Sample answer: 3
Period 5/6/7
Rubric Score
2 (e)(ii) Able to arrange the metals in ascending order based on their reactivity.
Sample answer: 3
Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, X // Li, Na, K, X
Rubric Score
2 (f) Able to state the relationship between the mass of sodium and the time taken for the
metal to burn completely in oxygen gas.
- the higher the mass / the bigger the size

- the longer the time taken
- burn completely 3
Sample answer:
The higher the mass of metals, the longer the time taken to burn completely. //
The bigger the size of metals, the longer the time taken to burn completely.
Rubric Score
2 (g) Able to record all the readings with one decimal place accurately.
Sample answer:
3
10.1 , 10.6, 10.9

76
Rubric Score
2 (h) Able to state observations for blue and red litmus paper correctly.
Sample answer:
3
Solutions Red litmus paper Blue litmus paper
Gas Jar I Turns blue No change
Gas Jar II Turns blue No change
Gas Jar III Turns blue No change
Rubric Score
2 (i) Able to write the two balanced chemical equations for the reaction accurately.
Sample answer :
i. 4Na + O2  2Na2O and 3
ii. Na2O + H2O  2NaOH
Notes: Sodium can be replaced with any alkali metals from Table 1.
Rubric Score
2 (j) Able to classify all alkaline solutions into strong alkali and one weak alkali
correctly.
Sample answer:
Strong alkali : Sodium hydroxide / NaOH, 3
Potassium hydroxide / KOH
Calcium hydroxide / Ca(OH)2
Weak alkali : Ammonia solution/ NH3
Rubric Score
3(a) Able to give the statement of the problem accurately. Response is in question form.
Sample answer:
Does the temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution affect the rate of reaction
3
between sodium thiosulphate solution and sulphuric acid? //
How does the temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution affect the rate of
reaction? between sodium thiosulphate solution and sulphuric acid?
Rubric Score
3 (b) Able to state the three variables correctly
Sample answer:
Manipulated variable: Temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution

3
Responding variable : Rate of reaction // Time taken for mark ‘X’ to become
invisible /disappear
Constant variable: Volume and concentration of sodium thiosulphate/ sulphuric acid
/ size of conical flask
Rubric Score
3 (c) Able to state the relationship correctly between the manipulated variable and the
responding variable with direction.
3
Sample answer:

77
The higher/lower the temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution, the higher/lower

the rate of reaction. //
The higher/lower the temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution, the
shorter/longer the time taken for mark ‘X’ to disappear from sight/view //
Rubric Score
3(d) Able to give complete list of materials and apparatus
Sample answer:
Materials : Sodium thiosulphate solution, sulphuric acid. 3
Apparatus : Conical flask, ,bunsen burner, measuring cylinder, stop-watch,
filter paper.
Rubric Score
3(e) Able to list all the steps correctly
Sample Answer:
1. ‘X ‘mark is drawn on a piece of white/filter/ cardboard paper.

2. 50 cm3 of sodium thiosuphate solution [(0.01-1.0) mol dm-3] is
measured with a measuring cylinder and is poured into a conical flask.
3. The solution is slowly heated until 30 oC.
4. 5 cm3 of hydrochloric acid [(0.1- 2.0) mol dm-3] is measured with a
measuring cylinder and is added to the conical flask. A stop-watch is
3
started immediately.
5. The conical flask is swirled and is placed on a filter paper with a mark
‘X’.
6. The ‘X’ mark is observed vertically from the top
through the solution.
7. The stop-watch is stopped immediately when the ‘X’ mark cannot be
seen. Time is recorded.
8. The experiment is repeated by using the sodium thiosuphate solution at
40 oC, 50 oC, 60 oC and 70 oC respectively.

78
Rubric Score
3 (f) Able to tabulate the data with following aspects
1. Correct titles with units

2. Complete list of temperatures
Sample answer:
Temperature (oC) Time (s) 2
30
40
50
60
70
PAPER 3 SET 5
Rubric Score
1(a) Able to state four observations correctly
Sample answers:
Observations at anode
Blue litmus paper : turn red then bleached / decolourise
Glowing splinter : no change 3
Blue litmus paper : no change
Glowing splinter : is rekindled / relighted
Rubric Score
1(b) Able to state the colour change in the copper (II) chloride solution correctly 3
Sample answer:
The intensity of the blue solution decreases / reduced //

Blue colour of solution fades gradually //
Blue solution becomes light blue
Rubric Score
1(c) Able to state all the variable and the action to be taken correctly
Sample answer:
Name of variables Action to be taken

Concentration of copper (II) chloride Change the concentration from 1.0 mol 6
solution dm-3 to 0.001 mol dm-3
Gas collected at anode The change of damp blue litmus paper
and glowing splinter
Type of solution Use the same copper (II) chloride
solution
79
Rubric Score
1(d) Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable and the responding 3
variable with direction.
Sample answer:
The higher the concentration of ion in the solution in the electrolyte, the higher the
chance the ion discharged at anode
Rubric Score
1(e) Able to classify the ions correctly 3
-write the name or symbols of the ions.
Sample answer:
Cations Anions
Copper (II) ions, Cu2+ Hydroxide ions, OH-
Hydrogen ions, H+ Chloride ions, Cl-
Rubric Score
Able to state all the observation and inference correctly.
Sample answer:
Observation inference
2(a) White fume is released Magnesium oxide is formed 6
White solid is formed Magnesium reacts wth oxygen
The mass of crucible and its content
increases
Rubric Score
2 (b) Able to state all the masses accurately
Sample answer:
The crucible and lid = 25.35 g 3
The crucible, lid and magnesium ribbon = 27.75 g
The crucible, lid and magnesium oxide when cooled = 29.35 g
Rubric Score
2 (c) (i) The mass of Mg = 27.75 – 25.35
= 2.4 g
(ii) The mass of Oxygen = 29.35 – 27.75
= 1.6 g
(iii) The number of mole of Mg = 2.4/24
= 0.1 mole 3
The number of mole of O = 1.6/16
= 0.1 mole
The ratio of Mg : O = 1 : 1
The empirical formula is MgO

80
Rubric Score
2 (d) 0.1 mole of Mg reacts with 0.1 mole of oxygen//
1 mole of Mg reacts with 1 mole of oxygen 3
Rubric Score
2 (e) Able to predict and give a reason for the prediction
Sample answer:
3
Cannot because copper is a less electropositive metal. Copper cannot reacts with
oxygen gas to produce copper (II) oxide.
Rubric Score
2 (f) Able to classify the oxides into two groups, those which are basic oxides and those
which are acidic oxides correctly
Sample answer:
Basic oxides Acidic oxides 3

 Magnesium oxide  Sulphur oxide
 Copper (II) oxide  Carbon dioxide
Rubric Score
Able to give the statement of the problem accurately. Response is in question form. 3
3(a)
Sample answer
How does ethanoic acid and ammonia solution affects the coagulation of latex?
Rubric Score
3(b) Able to state the three variables correctly 3
Sample answer:
Manipulated : ethanoic acid and ammonia solution
Responding : coagulate / coagulation of latex
Fixed : latex
Rubric Score
3(c) Able to state the relationship correctly 3
Ethanoic acid coagulates the latex while ammonia solution does not coagulate the
latex.
Rubric Score
3(d) Able to state the complete list of apparatus and material as follows. 3
Materials: ethanoic acid 0.5 mol dm-3 and ammonia solution
Apparatus: Beaker, measuring cylinder, glass rod, dropper

81
Rubric Score
3(e) Able to list all the steps correctly 3
1. 10 cm3 of latex is poured into a beaker.

2. Ethanoic acid is added into the beaker using a dropper.
3. The mixture is stirred using glass rod.
4. The beaker is left aside.
5. The observation is recorded
6. Experiment is repeated using ammonia solution to replace ethanoic
acid.
Rubric Score
Mixture Observation 2
Latex + ethanoic acid
Latex + ammonia solution
PAPER 3 SET 6
RUBRIC SCORE
1(a)(i) Able to record all reading accurately with units 3
Sample answer :
Experiment Copper Bronze
I 1.35 cm 1.20 cm
II 1.60 cm 1.00 cm
III 1.50 cm 1.20 cm
RUBRIC SCORE
1(a)(ii) Able to construct the table with correct label and unit 3
Sample answer :
Type of Diameter of dents (cm) Average diameter

blocks I II III of dents (cm)
Copper 1.35 1.60 1.50 1.48
Bronze 1.20 1.00 1.20 1.13
RUBRIC SCORE
1(b) Able to state the observation correctly and accurately 3
Sample answer :
The average diameter of dents on bronze block is 1.13 cm and the average
diameter of dents on copper block is 1.48 cm//
The size / diameter of dents on bronze block is smaller than size / diameter of
dents on copper block//

82
1(c) RUBRIC SCORE

Able to state the inference correctly and accurately 3
Sample answer :
Bronze is harder than copper //
Copper is less harder than bronze
1(d) RUBRIC SCORE

Able to state operational definition correctly 3
Sample answer :
The smaller dent produced when 1 kg weight is dropped on the block.
1(e) RUBRIC SCORE

Able to explain the arrangement of particles in the materials correctly 3
Sample answer :
1. The atomic size of tin is bigger than copper // the atomic size of tin
and copper are different.
2. The presence of tin atoms in bronze disrupts the orderly arrangement
of copper atoms.
3. Reduces / prevent the layers of atoms from sliding over each other
easily
1 (f) RUBRIC SCORE

Able to state the hypothesis correctly 3
Sample answer :
Bronze is harder than copper //
Copper is less harder than bronze
1 (g) RUBRIC SCORE

Able to state all three variables and all three action correctly 3
Sample answer :
Name of variables Action to be taken

(i) Manipulated variable: (i) The way to manipulate variable:
Type of materials // Replace copper with bronze

copper and bronze
(ii) Responding variable: (ii) What to observe in the responding
variable:
Diameter of dent
The diameter of the dent formed on
copper block and bronze block
(iii) Controlled variable: (iii) The way to maintain the control

variable:
Mass of weight // height
of the weight // size of Uses same mass of weight // same
steel ball bearing height of the weight // same size of ball
bearing

83
RUBRIC SCORE
2(a) Able to state 5 correct observations. 3
Sample answer
Test tube Observation

1 blue colour /solutions
2 High intensity of pink colour/ solutions
3 High intensity of blue colour /solutions
4 Low intensity of pink colour/ solutions
5 Low intensity of blue colour /solutions
RUBRIC SCORE
2(a) Able to state 5 correct inferences. 3
Sample answer
Test tube Inference
2+
1 Iron(II) / Fe ions formed / produced in the solutions //
Iron / Fe rusted/corroded/oxidised
Iron(II) / Fe2+ ions are not formed /produced in the solutions //
2 Iron / Fe does not rust/ corrode/oxidised
Magnesium/Mg rusted/corroded /oxidised
Iron(II) / Fe2+ ions formed / produced in the solutions //
3
Iron / Fe rusted/ corroded/ oxidised
Iron(II) / Fe2+ ions are not formed /produced in the solutions //
4 Iron / Fe does not rust/ corrode/oxidised //
Zinc/Zn rusted/ corroded / oxidised
Iron(II) / Fe2+ ions formed / produced in the solutions //
5
Iron / Fe is rusted / corroded/ oxidised
RUBRIC SCORE
2(b) Able to explain a difference in observation correctly between test tube 2 and 3 3
Sample answer
Iron/Ferum/Fe in test tube 2 does not rust/ corrode/ oxidised because ferum is
in contact with a more electropositive metal, but iron/Ferum/Fe in test tube 3
rusts/ corrodes/ is oxidised because ferum is in contact with a less
electropositive metal. //
In test tube 2, magnesium is more electropositive than ferum/iron and and in
test tube 3, copper is less electropositive the ferum/iron.
RUBRIC SCORE
2(c) Able to state the hypothesis correctly. 3
Sample answer
When a more/less electropositive metal is in contact with iron/ferum/Fe, the
metal inhibits/(speeds up) rusting/corrosion of iron //
If the metal in contact with iron is higher/lower than iron/ferum/Fe in
electrochemical series, the rusting/corrosion of iron is slower/faster //

84
RUBRIC SCORE
2(d) Able to state all the variables in this experiment correctly. 3
Sample answer
(i) Manipulated variables : Type/different metal // position of metal in
electrochemical series
(ii) Responding variable : Rusting / corrosion // presence of blue/pink colour
(iii) Constant variable : Size/mass of iron nail // type of nail // clean iron nails //
temperature // medium in which the iron nail are kept
RUBRIC SCORE
2(e) Able to state the operational definition for the rusting of iron nail correctly. 3
Sample answer
Rusting occurs when iron nail is in contact with copper/tin /less electropositive
metal and form blue colouration in potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) solution
RUBRIC SCORE
2(f) Able to classify all the metals correctly. 3
Sample answer
Metals that inhibit rusting Metals that speed up rusting
Magnesium/Mg Tin/Sn
Zinc/Zn Copper/Cu
RUBRIC SCORE
2(g)(i) Able to state the relationship between the time taken and the amount of rust 3
formed correctly.
Sample answer
The longer the time taken, the greater/bigger/larger the rust formed // The
longer the time taken, more rust is formed // The rust formed is
greater/bigger/larger, when the time taken is longer.
RUBRIC SCORE
2(g)(ii) Able to predict the time taken for the iron nail to completely rust correctly. 3
Answer
Less than 5 days
RUBRIC SCORE
2(h)(i) Able to record the voltmeter readings correctly in one decimal place. 3
Answer
Pairs Positive Voltmeter reading
of metal terminal (V)
Magnesium and iron Iron 2.0
Iron and copper Copper 0.8
Iron and zinc Iron 0.4
Iron and tin Tin 0.2
85
RUBRIC SCORE
2(h)(ii) Able to draw a labelled diagram accurately. 3
Sample Answer
Voltmeter V
Magnesium/Mg Iron/Fe
Dilute sulphuric
acid /H2SO4
RUBRIC SCORE
3 (a) Able to Marke a statement of the problem accurately and must be in 3
question form
Sample Answer
Able to How do the heat of neutralisation for reactions between acids and
alkalis of different strengths differ?
RUBRIC SCORE
3 (b) Able to state all the three variables correctly 3
Manipulated Variable : different strength of acid // hydrochloric acid and

ethanoic acid
Responding variable : the value of heat of neutralisation
Fixed variable : volume and concentration of acid // volume and
concentration of alkali // polystyrene cup
RUBRIC SCORE
3 (c) Able to state the relationship between manipulated variable and responding 3
variable correctly
The value of heat of neutralisation for reaction between strong acid and
strong alkali is higher than of reaction between weak acid and strong alkali//
The value of heat of neutralisation for reaction between hydrochloric acid
and sodium hydroxide is higher than of reaction between ethanoic acid and
sodium hydroxide
RUBRIC SCORE
3 (d) Able to state the list of substances and apparatus correctly and completely 3
Apparatus : Measuring cylinders, polystyrene cup with covers, thermometer

Material : 2.0 mol dm3 sodium hydroxide, 2.0 mol dm3 ethanoic acid, 2.0
mol dm3 hydrochloric acid

86
RUBRIC SCORE
3 (e) Able to state a complete experimental procedure 3
1. Measure 50 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH

solution using a measuring cylinder. Pour it into a polystyrene cup
with a cover.
2. Measure 50 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric solution, HCl solution
using another measuring cylinder. Pour it into another polystyrene
cup with a cover.
3. Leave both the polystyrene cups on the table for 5 minutes. After 5
minutes, measure and record the initial temperatures of both the
solution.
4. Pour the hydrochloric acid, HCl quickly and carefully into the
polystyrene cup containing sodium hydroxide solution.
5. Stir the mixture using the thermometer.
6. Record the highest temperature of the reaction mixture.
7. Repeat steps 1 to 5 using ethanoic acid to replace the hydrochloric
acid.
RUBRIC SCORE
3 (f) Able to tabulate the data correctly 3
Hydrochloric acid Ethanoic acid

o
Initial temperature of alkali, C
Initial temperature of acid, oC
Highest temperature of the
reaction mixture, oC
PAPER 3 SET 7
RUBRIC SCORE
1 (a) Able to record all the readings accurately to two decimal points with units. 3
Sample answer:
Activity I : 26.05 cm3, 26.90 cm3, 30.05 cm3

Activity II : 13.30 cm3, 25.85 cm3, 38.45 cm3
RUBRIC SCORE
1(b) Able to construct a table containing the following information: 3
1. Headings in the table
2. Transfer all data from 1(a) correctly
3. With units
Sample answer:
Titration Initial burette reading / Final burette reading / Volume of acid /

number cm3 cm3 cm3

87
RUBRIC SCORE
1 0.80 13.30 12.50
2 13.40 25.85 12.45
3 25.90 38.45 12.55
RUBRIC SCORE
1(c) Able to show all the steps to calculate the concentration of sulphuric acid correctly. 3
Sample answer:
Step 1: Write the chemical equation:
2NaOH + H2SO4  Na2SO4 + 2H2O
Step 2: Calculating the number of moles of sodium hydroxide
Number of mol of NaOH : 0.1 x 25 // 0.0025
1000
Step 3: Calculating the concentration of sulphuric acid
Concentration of H2SO4 : ( 0.0025 x 1000 ) // 0.1 mol/dm3
12.50 x 2
RUBRIC SCORE
1(d) Able to state the colour change correctly 3
Sample answer:
Activity I : Pink change to colourless
Activity II : Yellow change to orange
1(e) Able to state the correct type of acid in activity I and II and give the correct reason. 3
Sample answer:
Type of acid : Activity I use monoprotic acid and Activity II use diprotic acid.
Reason : The volume of acid used in activity I is twice with the volume of acid
used in activity II.
RUBRIC SCORE
1(f) Able to state the colour change correctly 3
Sample answer:
Yellow change to orange and finally change to red
RUBRIC SCORE
1(g) Able to predict the volume with the unit 3
Sample answer:
More than 25.00 cm3 // 25.05 – 50.00 cm3
1(h) Able to state all the variable correctly 3

Manipulated Variable : Type of acid uses // type of indicator
Responding Vvariable : Volume of acid to neutralize 25.0 cm3 of mol dm-3 sodium
hydroxide solution // Change in the colour of the indicator.
Fixed Variable : Concentration and volume of sodium hydroxide solution.
RUBRIC SCORE
1(i) Able to state the hypothesis (relate the manipulated variable with the responding 3
variable) correctly.
Sample answer:
If use different type of acid to neutralize 25.0 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide
solution, the volume of acid use also different//
Different indicator used in the titration create different colour.

88
RUBRIC SCORE
RUBRIC SCORE
1(j) Able to give the operational definition for the end-point of titration in activity I 3
correctly. Able to describe the following criteria
(i) What should be done
(ii) What should be observed
Sample answer:
When hydrochloric acid is added to sodium hydroxide solution with phenolphthalein,
pink turns to colourless.
RUBRIC SCORE
1(k) Able to classify all the acids into strong acid and weak acid correctly. 3
Sample answer:
Strong acid Weak acid
Nitric acid Ethanoic acid
Phosphoric acid Ascorbic acid
RUBRIC SCORE
2(a) Able to state the inference accurately 3
Sample answer
When alcohol react with carboxylic acid, ester is formed//Esters have sweet pleasant
smell property
RUBRIC SCORE
2(b) Able to construct a table correctly with the following information: 3
1. Columns with titles for alcohol, carboxylic acid, Ester
2. Name of all alcohols, carboxylic acid and ester
Alcohol Carboxylic acid Ester

Methanol Ethanoic acid Methyl ethanoate
Ethanol Propanoic acid Ethyl propanoate
Propanol Methanoic acid Propyl methanoate
RUBRIC SCORE
2(c) Able to name the alcohol and carboxylic acid correctly. 3
Alcohol: Propanol
Carboxylic acid: Butanoic acid
RUBRIC SCORE
2(d)(i) Able to state the three variables correctly. 3
Sample answer
Manipulated variable : Hexane and hexene
Responding variable : Colour change of bromine water // colour change of
potassium manganate (VII) solution
Fixed variable : Bromine water//acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution

89
RUBRIC SCORE
2(d) Able to state the hypothesis accurately 3
(ii)
Sample answer:
Hexene declourised the brown colour of bromine water, hexane does not// Hexene
declourised the purple colour of acidified potassium manganate(VII)
solution, hexane does not
RUBRIC SCORE
2(d)(iii) Able to predict and Marke explanations accurately 3
Answer
1. Hexene
2. Percentage of carbon atoms per molecule hexene is higher than hexane
3. Percentage of carbon in hexane = 72 x 100
84
= 85.71 %
4. Percentage of carbon in hexane = 72 x 100
86
= 83.72 %
RUBRIC SCORE
3(a) Able to state the problem statement accurately
Sample answer 3
Are the effectiveness of the cleansing action of soap and detergent in hard water
different?
RUBRIC SCORE
3(b) Able to state the three variables accurately. 3
Answer
Manipulated variable: Soap and detergent
Responding variable: Effectiveness of cleansing action // the ability to remove
the oily stains on cloth
Fixed variable: cloth with oily stains, hard water
RUBRIC SCORE
3(c) Able to state the hypothesis accurately with direction 3
Sample answer
The cleansing action of a detergent is more effective in hard water than a soap
RUBRIC SCORE
3(d) Able to state the complete list of apparatus and material as follows 3
List of apparatus : 2 beakers, , glass rod

List of material : Hard water, soft water, soap and detergent solution, 2 pieces of
cloths stained with oil
RUBRIC SCORE
3(e) Able to state procedures correctly as follows 3
1. [50 - 200] cm3 of hard water is poured into a beaker

2. Soap is added into the beakers
90
3. A piece of cloth stained with oil is immersed in the solution

4. The cloth is shaken/rubbed/stirred
5. Observation is recorded
6. Repeat steps 1 – 6 by using detergent .
RUBRIC SCORE
Sample answer 3
Type of cleaning agent Observation
Soap
Detergent

91

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Perfect Score & X A –Plus Module/mark scheme 2013

MODULE PERFECT SCORE & X A-PLUS 2013

Question No Mark schemes Mark

Question No Mark schemes Mark

(d) (i) W and Y 1

Perfect Score & X A –Plus Module/mark scheme 2013

Question No. Mark Scheme Marks

(iv) Number of electrons = 2 1

1st mark - Label X and Y axis with correct unit

Perfect Score & X A –Plus Module/mark scheme 2013

c) (i) Covalent bond 1

5 (a) Increasing of proton number. 1

Perfect Score & X A –Plus Module/mark scheme 2013

6 (a) P : liquid Q : solid R : gas 1 +1+1

(b) (i) 1. P can be change to Q through freezing process. 1

(ii) 1. P can change to R through boiling. 1

(iii) 1. R can be change to P through condensation process. 1

Perfect Score & X A –Plus Module/mark scheme 2013

Question No. Mark Scheme Mark

(ii) Atom Q and atom R form ionic bond. 1

Atom R receives an electron to form ion R-//equation and achieve a stable 1

Perfect Score & X A –Plus Module/mark scheme 2013

(b) Able to draw the structure of an atom elements X.

Perfect Score & X A –Plus Module/mark scheme 2013

(c) (i) Atoms W and Y form covalent bond.

(ii) Atom X and atom Y form ionic bond. 1

Perfect Score & X A –Plus Module/mark scheme 2013

1. Correct number of shells and valence electrons

(b) (i) 1. Floats and moves fast on the water 1

Perfect Score & X A –Plus Module/mark scheme 2013

Types of Ionic bond is formed because X Covalent bond is formed because

1.Correct electron arrangement of 2 ions

3. X atom with an electron arrangement of 2.8.2 donates 2 valence electrons to 1

4. Y atom with an electron arrangement of 2.6 accept 2 electrons to achieve the 1

Perfect Score & X A –Plus Module/mark scheme 2013

(c) 1. A crucible is filled with solid P until it is half full. 1

11 (a) (i) Z : 2.8.7 1

(iii) Colourless liquid 1

Perfect Score & X A –Plus Module/mark scheme 2013

No Explanation Sub Total

(c) material and apparatus;

Perfect Score & X A –Plus Module/mark scheme 2013

SET 1:CHEMICAL FORMULAE AND EQUATIONS

Question No Mark scheme Mark

(b) Substance Molar mass / gmol-1

Mole of carbon dioxide = 2.2 / 44 = 0.05 1

Perfect Score & X A –Plus Module/mark scheme 2013

Number of molecules = 0.05 x 6.02 x 1023 1

2 (a) (i) Volume CO2 = 0.1 mol x 24dm3mol-1 = 2.4 dm3 1

(iii) Number of molecules = 0.1 mol x 6.02 x 1023 1

(iv) Number of atoms = 6.02 x 1022 x 3 1+1

1 mole of CoCl2 combines with 6 moles of H2O

(iii) Percentage of water

= 108 x 100% = 45.4% 1

3 (a) (i) concentrated sulphuric acid 1

(iii) Zn + 2HCl  ZnCl2 + H2

(b) (i) Mole of oxygen = 46.35 - 45.15

Perfect Score & X A –Plus Module/mark scheme 2013

(ii) Mole of copper = 45.15 - 40.35 1

(c) (i) Collect the hydrogen gas in a test tube 1

4 (a) (i) Pb(NO3)2 1

Correct formula for reactants and product