Introduction

The purpose of the report is to determine and measure on the relative height of different points
whether above or below the surface. The points that have been recorded and measured should
have some different distance between them. The difference in elevation between points must
be determine by using the surveyor’s level. An elevation is a vertical distance above or below
a datum that we use in this experiment as the temporary bench mark. Datum is defined as the
reference surface which the heights of all points a survey or at a site are referred to. Other than
that, the surface which defines the datum height is the mean sea level. The principle of this
experiment is to obtain the horizontal line of sight with respect to which vertical distance of
the points above or below this line of sight.

In this practical, there are two types of methods of booking observations namely as rises and
fall method and height of collimation method. We applied rises and fall method in our
calculation. The observation will be initiated from a known reduced level (RL) value of the
temporary bench mark (TBM) and end at another known RL value of TBM. There will be a
number of change points (CP) will be set up to observe the fore sight reading and the back sight
reading of each stationed and the values are booked. After the RL values are known, three
arithmetical checks will be calculated to ensure the precision of the works. Consequently, the
adjustment value can be computed where this values will be distributed according to each
station. Finally, the adjusted RL values are booked and the misclosure will be calculated to be
compared with adjusted values to determine whether the levelling works are accepted or
unsatisfactory.
Objective

 To do a complete vertical distance measurement (levelling) by use all the right

equipment
 To find the elevation of given point with respect to some assumed reference point
called datum
 To establish point at required elevation with respect to datum
 To calculate the results that has been obtained in this experiment.

Apparatus

 Automatic level

 2 x levelling staff
 Tripod

 2 x staff bubble

 15 x pickets
Procedure

1) The work has been carried out the vertical distance measurement (levelling) at Siar
Beach Resort Lundu on 20 of March until 23 March 2019.
2) All the stations for BS,IS and FS must be established first by putting the picket first.
3) Start the levelling by placing the levelling staff on the TBM with a known reduced
level 8,500 m
4) The auto level must be set up at a position where the staff at TBM is visible.
5) The reading of the staff held vertically on TBM should be taken and it will be the BS.
6) The staff should move to point P1 and reading must be taken. This point will be IS.
7) Move the staff to the next point (A) and take the reading. This will be FS. The staff
should be remain on the same point to avoid error.
8) The auto level is set up at another point which 25 steps from the levelling staff. The
staff should be carefully turn on point A, facing to the auto level and take the reading.
This will be BS.
9) Move the staff to the next picket, this will be IS.
10) Move the staff to point B and take the reading. This will be FS.
11) After taking this reading the auto level will move to the next point which also must 25
steps from the FS.
12) Repeat steps 8-11 until the final staff position is at the point where we started, TBM.
13) Calculate the misclosure after all the checkpoint have been measured and complete
the data and results.
RESULTS

BS IS FS RISE FALL INITIAL ADJ. ADJ. REMARKS

RL RL
1.721 8.500 0.000 8.500 TBM
1.438 0.283 8.783 0.000 8.783 P1
1.423 2.872 1.434 7.349 -0.001 7.348 A
0.864 0.559 7.908 -0.001 7.907 P2
1.460 1.430 0.566 7.342 -0.002 7.340 B
1.004 0.456 7.798 -0.002 7.796 P3
1.435 1.386 0.382 7.416 -0.003 7.413 C
1.024 0.411 7.827 -0.003 7.824 P4
1.746 1.439 0.415 7.412 -0.004 7.408 D
0.271 1.475 8.887 -0.004 8.883 P5
1.493 0.444 0.173 8.714 -0.004 8.710 E
1.006 0.487 9.201 -0.004 9.197 P6
1.753 1.157 0.151 9.050 -0.005 9.045 F
1.592 1.181 0.572 9.622 -0.006 9.616 F1
1.183 0.409 10.031 -0.006 10.025 P7
1.570 1.040 0.143 10.174 -0.007 10.167 G
0.276 1.294 11.468 -0.007 11.461 P8
2.197 0.777 0.501 10.967 -0.007 10.960 H
2.318 0.550 1.647 12.614 -0.008 12.606 H1
1.614 0.704 13.318 -0.008 13.310 P9
0.868 2.202 0.588 12.730 -0.009 12.721 I
0.921 1.782 0.914 11.816 -0.009 11.807 I1
1.330 0.409 11.407 -0.009 11.398 P10
1.454 1.567 0.237 11.170 -0.010 11.070 J
1.401 0.053 11.223 -0.010 11.123 P11
1.515 1.192 0.209 11.432 -0.011 11.022 K
1.383 0.132 11.564 -0.011 11.553 P12
0.751 1.310 0.073 11.637 -0.012 11.625 L
0.772 0.021 11.616 -0.012 11.604 P13
 0.575 2.575 1.803 9.813 -0.012 9.801 M
1.082 0.507 9.306 -0.012 9.294 P14
1.228 1.901 0.819 8.487 -0.013 8.474 N
1.096 0.132 8.619 -0.013 8.606 CP
1.093 0.003 8.622 -0.013 8.609 P15
1.202 0.109 8.513 -0.013 8.500 TBM

Calculations