CROSS SECTION OF CHANNEL

ESTIMATION VELOCITY AND DISCHARGE

Estimation velocity and discharge for bankfull flow:

n1 = 0.018 (earth channel that clean, dredged, uniform)

n2 = 0.013 (concrete channel surface, finished)

The channel is a composite channel with trapezoidal and rectangular shape. Hence, Lotter
Formula is used to compute the equivalent Manning, n.

P R5 /3
n=
Lotter Formula: N
P N R 5/ 3
∑ n
1 N

−(0.89−0.90) −(0.8 8−0.89)

Longitudinal channel bed slope (average), S = + =
1.5 1.5

0.00667+0.0 0667
= 0.00667
2

Upstream Channel

P1 = 6.13m P2= 0.6m P3=1.55m P4 =0.7m P5=2.05m P6=0.2m P7=1m P8=0.2

P9 =2.05m P10 =0.7m P11 =1.55m P12= 0.6m P13=6.13m PT = 23.46m

A1 = 8.025m² A2= 5.58m² A3=5.58m² A 4=8.82m² A5=8.82m² A6 =4.48m² A7 =4.5m² A8

=4.5m² A9 =8.82m² A10 =8.82m² A11 =5.58m² A12= 5.58m² A13=8.025m² AT =87.15m²

R1 = 1.309m R2= 9.3m R3=3.6m R4 =12.60m R5=4.30m R6 =22.5m R7=4.5m R8 =22.5m R9

=4.30m R10 =12.60m R11 =3.6m R12= 9.3m R13=1.309m RT = 111.718m

P R5 /3
N=
n

N 1 = 533.44m N 2= 1898.22m N 3=1008.23m N 4 =3673.72m N 5=1786.1m N 6=2758.83m

N 7=936.53m N 8=2758.83m

N 9 =1786.1m N 10 =3673.72m N 11 =1008.23m N 12= 1898.22m N 13=533.44m NT=

24253.59m
 (23.4 6)(11 1 .7 1 8)5 /3
n= = 2.51
24 253.59

From Manning’s Equation,

1
Q = A R2 /3 s 1/ 2 A=87.01m² R=114.798m S=0.00667
n

1
Q= (87.15)¿
2.51

Q = 65.70m³/s

Estimation velocity:

From Q=AV

Q 65.70
V= = = 0.75 m/s
A 87.15

*Step calculation is repeated for Middle and downstream

Table 1 Area, wetted perimeter, hydraulic radius, n, flow rate and velocity using Lotter
formula and Manning’s Equation

Stream Total Total Total Total of n Flow Velocity,

Area, A Wetted Hydraulic rate, Q V (m/s)
(m²) Perimeter, Radius, R (m³/s)
P (m) (m)
Upstream 87.15 23.46 111.718 2.51 65.70 0.75
Middle 87.09 23.44 111.85 2.51 65.72 0.75
Downstream 86.94 23.4 116.61 2.64 64.20 0.74

65.70+65.72+64.20
Average of Flow rate, Q = = 65.21m³/s
3

0.75+0.75+0.74
Average of Velocity, V = = 0.75m/s
3

For current depth only occur at the bottom of channel at the height of:

Upstream= 0.2
Midstream= 0.2

Downstream 0.18

0.2−0.2 −(0,18−0.2) 0.01333

Average bed Slope, S = + = = 0.00667
1.5 1.5 2

At Upstream

1
Q = A R2 /3 s 1/ 2 n = 0.013 A=1m× 0 .2 m=0 .2m ² P = b+2y = 1 + 2(0.2) = 1.4m R =
n
0.143m

1
Q= (0.2)¿
0.013

= 0.34 m³/s

Q
V=
A

= 1.72m/s

*Step Calculation is the same for Middle and Downstream

Table 2 Flow rate and Velocity at the current depth of each stream

Stream Flow rate, Q (m³/s) Velocity, V (m/s)

Upstream 0.34 1.72
Middle 0.34 1.72
Downstream 0.29 1.63

0.34+0.34 +0.29
Average flow rate, Q (m³/s) = = 0.32m³/s
3

1.72+1.721.63
Average velocity, V (m/s) = = 1.69m/s
3

Estimation of velocity and discharge using ping pong ball:

Time taken, t = 5.3seconds

Velocity (per meter seconds) =1.77m/s

Discharge, Q = 0.35 m³/s

This can be verified that the flow rate and velocity using ping pong ball is approximate with
the theoretical calculation.