COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

PROPOSED CENTRALIZED AIR-CONDITIONING THREE-STOREY

COMMERCIAL BUILDING

A Proposed Design
presented to the
Mechanical Engineering Department
University of Perpetual Help System DALTA – Calamba Campus

In partial fulfilment
of the requirements for the Degree of
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ONTE, JAYVEE D.
BSME-V

Engr. Rizal M. Mosquera, PME, RMP, MSME

Instructor

September 2019
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Chapter 1
Design Consideration

DESIGN CRITERIA

Calamba, Laguna Philippines Latitude: 14.1877° N Longitude:

121.1251° E

Fig 1.1: Map ofCalamba, Laguna

Source: https://www.latlong.net/place/calamba-laguna-philippines-
10095.html
Type of building: Retail Shop

Inside Design Temperature Conditions

According to the Occupational Safety and Health, the Inside
temperature of offices must be 22ºC or 71.6 ºF in order to meet
the comfort of the workers.
Source: 1
https://www.ohsrep.org.au/offices_temperature_and_humidity_-
what_are_the_rules
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
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Design Relative Humidity

The design relative humidity for the proposed design is based on

the graphical records of Calamba, Laguna Philippines as of
September 2018 to September 2019.

Humidity: 84%

Figure 1.2: Relative humidity as of September 2018

Humidity: 82%

Figure 1.3: Relative humidity as of September 2019 2

Source: https://www.worldweatheronline.com/calamba-weather-
averages/laguna/ph.aspx
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Outside Design Temperature Conditions

Figure 1.4: Graphical climate weather averages in Calamba,

Philippines (September 2018)

The listed highest temperature in Calamba,Philippines from

September 2018 up to September 2019 is 33ºC

S
o
u
r
c
e
:

h
t
t
Source:https://www.worldweatheronline.com/calamba-
weather/laguna/ph.aspx

Figure 1.5: Graphical climate weather averages in Calamba, 3

Philippines (September 2019)
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External Cooling Loads:

Structure Area
Main Door 2m x 7m
North wall 15.5m x 3m
South wall 15.5m x 3m
East wall 20m x 3m
West wall 20m x 3m
1st Emergency exit
door 2m x 5m
2nd Emergency exit
door 2m x 5m
3rd Emergency exit
door 2m x 5m
2nd floor West window 19m x 2m
2nd floor East window 19m x 2m

Internal Cooling Loads:

Equipment Quantity Watts

Lights 600 100w
Desktop computers 8 250w
TV 9 240w
Vacuum cleaner 12 1400w
Cellphone charger 62 10w
Printers 8 500w

4
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Structural Design Cooling loads:

Construction materials Thickness Thermal conductivity

Cement 0.0254m 0.28 watts / sq.m - kelvin
Hallow block 0.1m 0.463 watts / sq.m - kelvin
Air gap 0.00635m 0.0262 watts / sq.m - kelvin
Metal Rod 0.014m 46 watts / sq.m - kelvin
Tiles 0.01m 0.6 watts / sq.m - kelvin
Glass Frame 0.045m 2.53 watts / sq.m - kelvin
Glass Frame 0.01m 6.11 watts / sq.m - kelvin

5
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
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Chapter 2
Structural Cooling load Calculations:
Calculation for U of wall:
1 1 𝑥 1
= +∑ +
𝑈 ℎ𝑜 𝑘 ℎ𝑖
0.0254 1 0.1 0.0254 0.00635 1 0.014 1 1
+ + + + + + + +
0.29 22.6959 0.463 0.29 0.0262 9.3629 46 0.7843 0.7843

U = 1.2743 watts / sq.meter - Kelvi

1st floor
South wall: Q=AUTD
=(36.5sq.m)(1.274 w/sq.m- K)(33 – 23)
=465.01 w

North wall: Q=AUTD

=(40.5sq.m)(1.274 w/sq.m- K)(33 – 23)
=515.97 w

East wall: Q=AUTD

=(60sq.m)(1.274 w/sq.m- K)(33 – 23)
=764.4 w

6
West wall: Q=AUTD
=(60sq.m)(1.274 w/sq.m- K)(33 – 23)
=764.4 w
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2nd floor
South wall: Q=AUTD
=(46.5sq.m)(1.274 w/sq.m- K)(33 – 23)
=592.41 w

North wall: Q=AUTD

=(46.5sq.m)(1.274 w/sq.m- K)(33 – 23)
=592.41 w

East wall: Q=AUTD

=(60sq.m – 34sq.m)(1.274 w/sq.m- K)(33 – 23)
=331.24 w

West wall: Q=AUTD

=(60sq.m – 34sq.m)(1.274 w/sq.m- K)(33 – 23)
=331.24 w

7
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3rd floor
South wall: Q=AUTD
=(46.5sq.m)(1.274 w/sq.m- K)(33 – 23)
=592.41 w

North wall: Q=AUTD

=(40.5sq.m)(1.274 w/sq.m- K)(33 – 23)
=515.97 w

East wall: Q=AUTD

=(60sq.m)(1.274 w/sq.m- K)(33 – 23)
=764.4 w

West wall: Q=AUTD

=(60sq.m)(1.274 w/sq.m- K)(33 – 23)
=764.4 w

8
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Calculation for U of Glass:

1 1 𝑥 1
= +∑ +
𝑈 ℎ𝑜 𝑘 ℎ𝑖
1 0.1 1
1/ + +
22.6959 0.78 9.3629

U = 6.109 watts / sq.meter – Kelvin

Calculation for U of Glass frame:

1 1 𝑥 1
= +∑ +
𝑈 ℎ𝑜 𝑘 ℎ𝑖
1 0.09 0.00625 1
+ + +
22.6959 121 0.00262 9.3629

U = 2.537 watts / sq.meter – Kelvin

U of wood = 3.33 watts / sq.meter – Kelvin

Main door: Q=AUTD

=(14sq.m)(6.109w/sq.m- K)(33 – 23)
=855.26 w
1st emergency exit door: Q=AUTD
=(10sq.m)(3.33w/sq.m- K)(33 – 23)
=333 w
2nd emergency exit door: Q=AUTD
=(10sq.m)(3.33w/sq.m- K)(33 – 23)
=333 w
9
3rd emergency exit door: Q=AUTD
=(10sq.m)(3.33w/sq.m- K)(33 – 23)
=333 w
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Window 1: Q=AUTD
=(38sq.m)(6.109w/sq.m- K)(33 – 23)
= 2321.42 w
Window 2: Q=AUTD
=(38sq.m)(6.109w/sq.m- K)(33 – 23)
= 2321.42 w

Calculation for U of Ground Floor:

1 1 𝑥 1
= +∑ +
𝑈 ℎ𝑜 𝑘 ℎ𝑖
1 0.1524 0.1 0.0254 0.14
+ + + +
9.3629 0.7 0.6 0.29 46

U = 0.718 watts / sq.meter – Kelvin

Ground floor: Q=AUTD

=(310sq.m)(0.718w/sq.m- K)(33 – 23)
= 2227.133 w

Calculation for U of 1st and 2nd Floor:

1 1 𝑥 1
= +∑ +
𝑈 ℎ𝑜 𝑘 ℎ𝑖
0.0254 0.1524 0.0254 0.014 1 0.014 0.01
+ + + + + +
0.29 0.7 0.29 46 9.3629 46 0.6

U = 0.6211 watts / sq.meter – Kelvin

10
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2nd floor: Q=AUTD

=(310sq.m – 9sq.m)(0.6211w/sq.m- K)(33 – 23)
= 1869.63 w
1st floor: Q=AUTD
=(310sq.m – 9sq.m)(0.6211w/sq.m- K)(33 – 23)
= 1869.63 w

11
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Chapter 3
Infiltration
DESIGN CRITERIA

Calamba, Laguna Philippines Latitude: 14.1877° N Longitude:

121.1251° E wind velocity: 19.8

Fig 1.1: Map ofCalamba, Laguna

Source: https://www.latlong.net/place/calamba-laguna-philippines-
10095.html
Type of building: Retail Shop

Velocity flowrate (Qv)

Qv= (.172)(A)(√𝟏 + (𝑻𝒅) )

𝑸𝒗
C=
𝑨
𝑪
Vratio = 𝑾𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝑽𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚
12
Qdoor= A(Vratio)
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Computation:

Qv= (.172)(A)(√𝟏 + (𝑻𝒅) )

= (.172)(96 sq.m)(√𝟏 + (𝟑𝟑 − 𝟐𝟑) )
Qv= 75.62 m/s

𝑸𝒗
C=
𝑨
𝟕𝟓.𝟔𝟐 𝒎/𝒔
C=
𝟗𝟔 𝐬𝐪.𝐦

C = 0.787 m/s or 2.835 km/hr

Infiltration due to opening of doors

𝑪
Vratio = 𝑾𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝑽𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚

𝟐.𝟖𝟑𝟓 𝒌𝒎/𝒉𝒓
Vratio = 𝟏𝟗.𝟖

Vratio = 0.1432

Qdoor= A(Vratio)
Qdoor= 44sq.m(0.1432)
Qdoor= 6.30 or 105.02 L/s

Infiltration Sensible 13
Qsi = 1.23 (Qdoor)( Td)
Qsi = 1.23 (105.02)( 33 - 23)
Qsi = 1291.84 w
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 Psat= P(Rh)
 Wo = 0.622 (psat)
Patm – Psat
 Qli = 3000(Qdoor) (Wo – wi)
s

INTERPOLATION

32 4.753
33 x
34 5.318

X = 5.0355

Calculation

 Psat= P(Rh)
= (5.0355) (.75)
= 3.777

 Wo = 0.622 (psat)
Patm – Psat
= 0.622 (3.777)
101.325 – 3.777
= 0.0241

Psat = 1.406
 Wi = 0.622(1.406)
101.325 – 1.406
=0.0088

Infiltration Latent
14
 Qli = 3000(Qdoor) (Wo – wi)
= 3000 (105.0277 L/s ) ( 0.0241 – 0.0088 )
= 4820.7746 w
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Chapter 4
Fenestration
Since Calamba Laguna, Philippines has a latitude of 14.1877° N refer at
table 17.9 of Time peak Solar Heat Gain through ordinary glass (W/𝒎𝟐 )
Interpolation of 14 degrees latitude

North East
10 139 10 489
14 X 14 X
20 129 20 505

South West
10 44 10 489
14 X 14 X
20 44 20 505

North X = 135 w/sq.m

South X = 44 w/sq.m
East X = 495.4 w/sq.m
West X = 505 w/sq.m

15
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Calculation for the total heat gain of all glass in a building

SHG= A x 𝑿𝑺𝑯𝑮(𝒔𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒉)

(14 sq.m)(44 w/sq.m)

=616 w

SHG= A x 𝑿𝑺𝑯𝑮(𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒕)

(38 sq.m)(495.4 w/sq.m)

=18,825.2 w

SHG= A x 𝑿𝑺𝑯𝑮(𝒘𝒆𝒔𝒕)

(38 sq.m)(495.4 w/sq.m)

=18,825.2 w

 Inside cooling load

Activity Watts Sensible heat Latent Heat

Seated at rest 115 80 35

Standing 150 95 55
16
Walking 3km/hr 305 74 56
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 Total Capacity if a building

(Area) (No. of floors)

Occupancy of a retail shop

(310 sq.m) (3)

5

=186 occupants / 3 floors

=62 persons / floor

 Sensible heat of every activities

Seated at rest
Qs= (W) (No. of person) (s)
=(115) (62) (.80)
=5704 watts

Standing
Qs= (W) (No. of person) (s)
=(150) (62) (.95)
=6835 watts

Walking
Qs= (W) (No. of person) (s)
=(305 (62) (.74)
=13,993.4 watts

17
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 Latent heat of every activities

Seated at rest
Ql= (W) (No. of person) (l)
=(115) (62) (.35)
=2495.5 watts

Standing
Ql= (W) (No. of person) (l)
=(150) (62) (.55)
=6882 watts

Walking
Ql= (W) (No. of person) (l)
=(305) (62) (.56)
=10,589.6 watts

 Miscellaneous

Object Quantity Watts

Lights 600 100

Desktop Computers 6 250

Television 9 240

Vacuum cleaner 12 1400

Cellphone Charger 62 10

Printers 8 500

18
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19
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
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http://my.ilstu.edu/~gjin/p2/Lighting_P2_in_Energy/Lighting_P2_in_Energy
6.html
https://www.ecmweb.com/archive/t5-fluorescent-lamp-coming-
strong

Human capacity heat per hour= 350,000 J/Hr

Source :https://bizfluent.com/how-8169102-calculate-production-
capacity.html

Outdoor-air requirements for ventilation

Function: Office

Density of per person of occupancy per 200 𝑚2 :

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟
= 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑑 = 𝑚2 /𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛
𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑚

200𝑚2
= 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑥𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑚 = 6

Therefore:
Person occupied in the room
=33

Table 1: Typical Floor Space Factor

20
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
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Calculated occupancy per 200 𝑚2 floor area based on the table 1

33 persons
Source:https://www.merseyfire.gov.uk/aspx/pages/protection/pdf/Calculati
ng_Occupancy_assembly_buildings_GT.pdf

Allowable rate for recirculation

𝑉 = 𝑉𝑟 + 𝑉𝑚
𝑉𝑚
𝑉𝑟 = 𝑉

= 𝟎. 𝟗𝟕𝟗𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

Summer Design Dry-bulb Temperature: Hottest temperature as of

September 2018 to September 2019
𝐷𝑏𝒕 = 𝟑𝟑º𝐂

Solar Heat Gain through windows (W/𝒎𝟐 ):

Record is based from the hottest month of the year 2018 - 2019.
Table 1: Solar Heat Gain Dissipation in building

21

Design Fenestration Load Calculation/s:

 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Month/Day: September 8
Latitude: 10 ° N
Design of window to be used in all floors
Characteristic: Single Glazing
Type: Clear
Frame material: Aluminum Frame
U-Factor: 1.25
Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC): 0.76
Visible Transmittance (VT): 0.74

Table 2: Solar Heat Gain through window glass of 10° N

Source: Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Book 2nd Edition p.605 Table 17.9
Solar Radiation – Arora)

Table 2. Solar Heat Gain through window glass of 20° N

Source: Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Book 2nd Edition p.607 Table 17.9
Solar Radiation – Arora

22
Month/Day: September 8
Latitude: 20 ° N
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Windows at North Calculation:

Since Calamba Laguna, Philippines has a latitude of 14.1877° N refer at
table 17.9 of Time peak Solar Heat Gain through ordinary glass (W/𝒎𝟐 )
Since the position of the glass in the 2nd and 3rd floor is the same
therefore it is considered as proportional
Calculation of 𝑿𝑺𝑯𝑮(𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒉) by means of interpolation:
20−14.1877 41−𝑋
= 41−44
20−10

𝑿𝑺𝑯𝑮(𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒉) = 42.74369 W/𝒎𝟐

Sensible heat gain for glass at north:

SHG= A x 𝑿𝑺𝑯𝑮(𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒉)

= 15 𝒎𝟐 x 42.75369/1000
SHG= 0.641 KW
Windows at East Calculation:
Since Calamba Laguna, Philippines has a latitude of 14.1877° N refer at
table 17.9 of Time peak Solar Heat Gain through ordinary glass (W/𝒎𝟐 )
Since the position of the glass in the 2nd and 3rd floor is the same 23
therefore it is considered as proportional
Calculation of 𝑿𝑺𝑯𝑮(𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒕) by means of interpolation:
20−14.1877 404−𝑋
= 404−451
20−10
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𝑿𝑺𝑯𝑮(𝑬𝒂𝒔𝒕)= 431.31781 W/𝒎𝟐

Sensible heat gain for glass at northeast:

SHG= A x 𝑿𝑺𝑯𝑮(𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒕)

= 15 𝒎𝟐 x 431.31781/1000
SHG= 6.9 KW

Windows at South Calculation:

Since Calamba Laguna, Philippines has a latitude of 14.1877° N refer at
table 17.9 of Time peak Solar Heat Gain through ordinary glass (W/𝒎𝟐 )
Since the position of the glass in the 2nd and 3rd floor is the same
therefore it is considered as proportional.
Calculation of 𝑿𝑺𝑯𝑮(𝒔𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒉) by means of interpolation:
20−14.1877 445−𝑋
= 445−334
20−10

𝑿𝑺𝑯𝑮(𝑺𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒉) = 380.48347 W/𝒎𝟐

Sensible heat gain for glass at south:

SHG= A x 𝑿𝑺𝑯𝑮(𝒔𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒉)

= 30 𝒎𝟐 x 380.48347
SHG= 11.41 kw
Windows at West Calculation:
Since Calamba Laguna, Philippines has a latitude of 14.1877° N refer at
table 17.9 of Time peak Solar Heat Gain through ordinary glass (W/𝒎𝟐 )
Since the position of the glass in the 2nd and 3rd floor is the same 24
therefore it is considered as proportional
Calculation of 𝑿𝑺𝑯𝑮(𝑾𝒆𝒔𝒕) by means of interpolation:
20−14.1877 404−𝑋
= 404−451
20−10
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𝑿𝑺𝑯𝑮(𝑬𝒂𝒔𝒕)= 431.31781 W/𝒎𝟐

Sensible heat gain for glass at west:

SHG= A x 𝑿𝑺𝑯𝑮(𝑾𝒆𝒔𝒕)

= 15 𝒎𝟐 x 431.31781
SHG= 6.47 kw

𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍(𝑺𝑯𝑮) = 6.9kw + 6.47kw + 6.47kw +11.41 kw

𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍(𝑺𝑯𝑮) = 𝟑𝟏. 𝟐𝟓𝒌𝒘

Internal Heat Gains Calculation

𝑄(𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒) = 1.10 x CFM X (𝒕(𝒐)− 𝒕(𝒊) )

= 1.10 x 240 x (33-23)

= 2.64 kw
Appliance Heat Load
3 pcs. Coffee Brewer 1/2 gal = 265 x 18 = 4.77 kw
3 pcs. Coffee Warmer 1/2 gal = 71 x 18 = 1.28
Total = 4.77 kw + 1.28 kw = 6.06 kw
Internal Heat = Number of People x Sensible Heat Gain
= 33 x 245 (ASHRAE Value)
= 8.06 kw
Lighting Load = Total lighting watts
25
= 337.92w x 4.25
= 1.436 kw
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Equipment = total equipment watts x 3.4

= Computer x 3.4
= 250Watts/Unit x 3.4
𝑄(𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝+𝑙𝑎𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑝) = Equipment wattage x No. equipment x Working Hour
xEnergy usage Factor
No. of Computer used = 18
Working hours both laptop and computer = 8hrs

Energy usage Factor for cooling unit = 1.30

Total wattage of computer = 250Watts x 18 = 36 kw

Total Sensible heat load = 31.25+6.05+36+14.43+0.95+2.228 =

94.908kw

Latent Heat
Seat at rest = 115(30)(37.5) = 1.29kw
Office work = 115(30)(37.5) =2.31kw
Standing = 115(30)(37.5) =2.77kw

Total Latent =7.39 kw

Grand Total Cooling Load = 𝑸𝑺 + 𝑸𝑳
= 102.298 kw
Safety Factor (10% of Grand total) =10.2298 kw
Grand Total + Safety Factor = 112.52778 Kw

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 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
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Design Infiltration Load Calculation/s:

STRUCTURAL COOLING LOAD CALCULATION

Wall Construction Design

Material Used Thermal Conductivity

0.0507m Cement Portland 0.29 w/m-k

0.1016m Hollow Bloks 0.76 w/m-k

0.03207m Concrete Cement 1.8 w/m-k

0.03207m Plaster Cement 0.72 w/m-k

𝑂𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑙:

1
𝑈𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑙 =
1 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥4 1
+ + + + +
ℎ𝑖 𝑘1 𝑘2 𝑘3 𝑘4 ℎ0 27
𝟐
U wall = 0.4503 𝒘/𝒎 𝒌

𝑸𝒘𝒂𝒍𝒍 = 𝑨𝑼∆𝑻 = 30𝒎𝟐 (0.4503 𝒘/𝒎𝟐 𝒌)(33-23)

= 0.1359kw
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Roof Construction Design

Material Used Thermal Conductivity

0.15m Concrete Medium 0.2 w/m-k

0.0016m Steel 45.3 w/m-k

0.019m Asphalt 15.6 w/m-k

𝑂𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑓:

1
𝑈𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑓 =
1 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3 1
+ + + +
ℎ𝑖 𝑘1 𝑘2 𝑘3 ℎ0

U roof = 2.7293 𝒘/𝒎𝟐 𝒌

𝑸𝒘𝒂𝒍𝒍 = 𝑨𝑼∆𝑻 = 30𝒎𝟐 (2.7293 𝒘/𝒎𝟐 𝒌)(33-23)

= 5.4686kw
28
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Floor Construction Design

Material Used Thermal Conductivity

 𝑂𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟:

1
U floor 
1 x1 x2 x3
  
hi k1 k 2 k3

Door Construction Design 29

Material Used Thermal Conductivity

Inside Convection Coefficient 𝐵𝑇𝑈
ℎ𝑖 = 1.65
ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 2 − ℉
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1” Wood BTU  in
k1  0.165
hr  ft 2  F

Outside Convection Coefficient 𝐵𝑇𝑈

ℎ0 = 4.0
ℎ𝑟 − 𝑓𝑡 2 − ℉

 𝑂𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝐷𝑜𝑜𝑟:

1
U Door 
1 x1 1
 
hi k1 ho

1
U Door 
1 1 1
 
1.65 0.165 4

Btu  in
U door = 0.14
hr  ft 2  F

30

Location Outside Inside Normal Wall

Temperature (℉) Temperature (℉) Temperature
Difference (℉)
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North Wall 91.4 ℉ 71.6 ℉ 19.8 ℉

South Wall 91.4 ℉ 71.6 ℉ 19.8 ℉
West Wall 91.4 ℉ 71.6 ℉ 19.8 ℉
East Wall 91.4 ℉ 71.6 ℉ 19.8 ℉
Roof 94 ℉ 71.6 ℉ 22.4 ℉
Floor 75 ℉ 71.6 ℉ 3.4℉
Door 91.4 ℉ 71.6 ℉ 19.8 ℉
Table 3 : Based on the the highest Solar Intensities as of May 2019

2.1 STRUCTURAL GAIN HEAT LOAD

𝑄 = 𝐴𝑈𝑇𝐷
Where:
𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛
ℎ𝑟
𝐴 = 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑡 2
𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑈 = 𝑂𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡 2 −℉

𝑇𝐷 = 𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 ℉

31
Outside Surface Area of the Structure Calculation

North Wall:
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Total area = Surface area - Windows area

=20m(9m)-36m 2 (2windows)

(3.285) 2 ft 2
=108m 2 x = 1165.45ft 2
1m 2
Btu
Q northwall  (1165.45 ft 2 )(0.0012 )(19.8F )
hr  ft 2   F

Btu
Qnorthwall = 27.691092
hr
South Wall:
Total area = Surface area - Windows area + Main door area

=20m(9m)-36m 2 (2windows)+8m 2

(3.285) 2 ft 2
=116m 2 x = 1251.78ft 2
1m 2
Btu
Qsouthwall  (1251.78 ft 2 )(0.0012 )(19.8F )
hr  ft 2  F

Btu
Qnorthwall = 29.74229
hr

32

West Wall:
Total area = Surface area - Windows area
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=20m(9m)-36m 2 (2windows)

(3.285) 2 ft 2
=108m 2 x 2
= 1165.45ft 2
1m
Btu
Q westwall  (1165.45 ft 2 )(0.0012 )(19.8F )
hr  ft 2  F

Btu
Qwestwall = 27.691092
hr
East Wall:
Total area = Surface area - Windows area

=20m(9m)-36m 2 (2windows)

(3.285) 2 ft 2
=108m 2 x = 1165.45ft 2
1m 2
Btu
Qeast  (1165.45 ft 2 )(0.0012 )(19.8F )
hr  ft 2  F

Btu
Qeast = 27.691092
hr
Flooring:

(3.285) 2 ft 2
=200m 2 x = 2158.245ft 2
1m 2
Btu
Qfloor  (2158.245 ft 2 )(0.08 )(3.4F )
hr  ft 2  F

Btu
Q floor =587.04264
hr

33

Roof:
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(3.285) 2 ft 2
=200m 2 x = 2158.245ft 2
1m 2
Btu
Q roof  (2158.245 ft 2 )(0.00065 )( 22.4F )
hr  ft 2  F

Btu
Q floor = 31.42048
hr

Total Structural Gain = Qwalls  Qroof  Q floor

= 27.691092 + 29.74229 + 27.691092 + 27.691092 + 587.04264 +

31.42048

Total Structural Gain = 731.278686 Btu/hr

34