Grade 11/12

Oral Communication in Context

Topic/ Lesson Name
Nature and Elements of Communication
Content Standard
The learner understands the nature and elements of oral communication in context.
Performance Standard
The learner designs and performs effective controlled and uncontrolled oral communication
activities based on context.
The learner...
1. defines communication (EN11/12OC-Ia-1)
2. explains the nature and process of communication (EN11/12OC-Ia-2)
Specific Competency
The learner...
organizes and presents ideas through written and spoken forms
establishes the concept of communication and communication process
appreciates the importance of communication.
Time Allotment
Learning Competency
60-70 minutes max.
Introduction
Present everyday objects, internet icons and phone application that are used for transfer of ideas,
concepts, information and data to another person.
A. Everyday objects: Telephone, cellphone, letter, television, radio, newspaper, books
B. Internet icons: picture of ymail, gmail, facebook messenger, yahoo messenger
C. Phone application: viber, wechat, line, whatsapp
What do these objects have in common? Do these objects demand necessity? Why or why not?
Instructional Delivery
A. Activity
1. Group the class into three large groups and play the game message relay.
2. Each group will have a messenger and a receiver, and the rest of the group will serve as a
channel/ bridge that will deliver the message.
Name Game/ Message Relay
a. An animal that crawls.
b. A country that starts with the letter “D”.
c. A fast-food chain.

B. Analysis (Note: While the students answer the questions, the teacher will post each element of
the communication process.)
Group Chain Reaction
Mechanics: Each group will be broken down to two subgroups and one representative will pick
one question which they will answer in sequence to the number of the card they have selected.

1. What was your role in the game?

a. Sender (initiates the communication process)

b. Receiver (receives the information and process the content to come up with an answer)
c. Channel (serves as the transportation of the message)
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Oral Communication in Context
2. What does the sender send to the person at the other end of the queue?

Message (an idea/ information...)

3. Did you experience difficulty in delivering the message? If yes, why?

Barriers/ noise

Basic Elements of Communication

SOURCE
The source of the communication transaction is the originator of the message. Also known as
the sender of information, the source initiates the communication process. In speech
communication, we can identify the source to be the speaker, the one delivering the message. In
daily life situations we are all sources of information as we relate to others and speak our ideas to
them. We are both a source of message, consciously and unconsciously.
MESSAGE
In the simplest sense, a message may be thought of as an idea, concept, emotion, desire, or
feeling that a person desires to share with another human being. A message may be in verbal or
non-verbal codes. The purpose of a message is to evoke meaning in another person. Some
messages are intentional some are not.
CHANNEL
A channel is the means by which a message moves from a person to another. The channel is
the medium or vehicle by which we are able to transmit the message to the recipient. The means
we use to communicate is the channel. The country’s president to deliver his message to his
fellowmen may speak face to face with an audience, via the broadcast media or via print. Language
is the basic medium of communication available to man.
RECEIVER
The receiver gets the message channeled by the source of information. In a one way
communication process, he is in the other end. But in a dynamic communication process the
receiver may start to share his ideas and hence become also a source of information for the
originator of the message. Listeners and audience are receivers of information. In a classroom
situation, the students spend a lot of time as receivers of information.
EFFECT
Feedbackis that integral part of the human communication process that allows the speaker to
monitor the process and to evaluate the success of an attempt to get the desired response from the
receiver. Also called “return signals,” it has a regulatory effect upon the speaker since the speaker
must adjust to the feedback responses in order to be successful. In a public communication
situation, the response of acceptance of the audience with their applause may be considered a
feedback.
NOISE
Noise may occur anywhere along the communication line, and it may be physical, physiological,
or psychological in nature. Noise is any interference in the communication process. Annoying vocal
habits of the speaker may interfere in the transmission of his verbal signals. Noise as a barrier may
originate from the source or the receiver, from the channel used in sending the message, or outside
of the source and receiver’s control. The poor listening of the audience and their unnecessary
actions may also interfere in the communication process.

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Oral Communication in Context

CONTEXT
Communication does not take place in a vacuum. Between communicators, the process takes
place in a particular communication situation where the identifiable elements of the process work in
a dynamic interrelation. This situation is referred to as the context– the when and where of a
communication event. Communication contexts vary depending on the need, purpose, number of
communicators and the ways exchange is taking place. Communication can be intrapersonal,
interpersonal, group, organizational, cultural, public or mediated.

4. Inferring from the given activity, what is communication?

The word communication is derived from the Latin terms cum munis [to make common] and
communicare[to share]. Hence, communication is defined as the exchange of information,
thoughts, ideas, feeling and the like.

5. When do we communicate?

Communication takes place, everywhere at anytime. It changes in various situations and affects
change among participants as the process takes place. Process implies dynamics and change. It
implies parts interacting and influencing each other so as to function as a whole. Brooks and Heath
posit that when we accept the concept of process, we view communication events and
relationships as dynamic, systematic, transactional, adaptive, and continuous:
 Communication is dynamic – it is not static. It is not fixed but always changing. As it deals
with change of behavior it changes constantly.
Your manner of speaking changes when you are happy, sad, angry, etc.
 Communication is systematic – a simple speech communication occurs within a larger
system.
You cannot answer if you don’t know the question.
If you can’t contact the person, just go to their house.
 Communication is transactional – the essence of the term transaction is relationship.
Included in the transactional characteristic of communication is the fact that each
communication event is unique combination of people, messages, and situation that operate to
achieve some definite purpose.
You talk to your friends when you ask for advice.
 Communication is adaptive – communication takes place with an intention to achieve some
outcome. In this process it must adapt to change. Thus, communication must pay attention to
the other person, to the topic, to the physical surroundings, to motives and needs, and to other
elements that we will study in this text. The ability to adjust and adapt to changing situation is a
characteristic of effective communication.
You don’t talk to teachers the same way you talk to your friends.
 Communication is continuous – it has no beginning and no end. We can consider
communication as a product of a previous communication event that proceeds to another
communication situation.

6. Is communication important? Cite an example that shows the importance of communication.

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Oral Communication in Context
C. Abstraction (5 minutes)

How does communication process work? Present your answers by group using sentences or a
diagram.
Practice
Given the sentences, determine the nature of communication being depicted.
A. Communication is dynamic
B. Communication is systematic
C. Communication is transactional
D. Communication is adaptive
E. Communication is continuous
1. I share with my classmates the information I gather from the internet, but I don’t share my
assignment.
2. When I buy something, I make sure to ask the Saleslady for assistance.
3. My friends know when I am angry because my voice grow louder than the usual.
4. I use internet acronyms like BRB, LOL and TTYL when I text my friends.
5. If I have an important matter to ask, I don’t just send a text message rather I personally go and
ask the person.

Evaluation
Work as a trio!

Explain how the communication process works in the given scenario.

Simon is a grade 11 student and studies at a school away from their place. He spent all of his
allowance so he tried to call his parents however, the line cannot be reached. Instead of calling, he
sent them a text message asking for additional cash. An hour later, he received a reply from his
mother telling him that she will only send him an amount just enough for his food for the remaining
days.

(Only for accommodation)Prompt:

1. The sender is __________________.
2. The intended receiver of the message is _________________.
3. The channel used for communication is the ______________.
4. The barrier of communication is _____________________.
5. The response of the receiver is ___________________.

Enrichment
How well do you understand the lesson?

On a 1/4 sheet of paper let the students write one question about Communication, its nature
and its process and have them answer it ( Yes, they ask the question and they answer the
question). Allow them to write their questions for clarification on the back part of their paper.
Resources/ Materials
A. References:
Brooks, W.D. & Heath, R.W. (1993). Speech communication. Madison, WI: Brown & Benchmark.
Griffin, E. (2006). A first look at communication theory, 6th ed. New York: McGraw Hill Higer

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Oral Communication in Context
Education.
Hybels, S. & Weaver, R. (1998). Communicating effectively: A definition of Commuinication. New
York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Pearson, J.C. & Nelson, P.E. (2000). An introduction to human communication, understanding and
sharing, 8th ed. Boston, MA: McGraw Hill Higher Education.
(Retrieved June 11, 2016)
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=620293
B. Materials:
Metacards
Visual aid

ORAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT