Subject

Hours / Type
Subject Code Subject Sessions Credit (C/NC)
Week (TH/ PB/
DE/CE)

Lecture 1.5

Practical / Workshop 3.0

FP(T) 109 P Geometry Tutorial / Seminars / Field Study - 3.5 NC PB

Self Study -

Total 4.5

Course Objectives

Stimulation of mathematical imagination based on the fundamentals of geometric logic.

Understanding basic geometric principles of form, space and their structural relationship.
Appreciation of application of Geometrical principles existing in natural and man-made Environments
Realization of the geometric principles through construction in generating two dimensional Forms, thus
developing drawing skills
To study and practice construction of two dimensional geometrical shapes and forms in terms of straight lines,
curved lines and surfaces (geometry of plane surfaces)
 To relate 2D Geometric Constructions to other subjects like Pattern making, Garment construction, Plant layout,
etc.

Session Plan

Session Total Hours

of 1.5 required for Content / Objectives Keywords
hrs. topic Reference / Suggested
Videos

6.0 hrs
1-4 (L: 4.5 hrs. Topic – Introduction to
P: 1.5 hrs.) Geometry.
To understand importance of
Geometry as a tool for
designer to visualize &
conceptualize designs.
To study and understand
historical & contemporary
applications of Geometry is
Design
i) An introduction to the “difference Design Drawing- by Francis
in perspective” in a designer‟s D.K. Ching
approach to geometry as compared Order in Space: a design
to the conventional mathematical source book - by Keath
approach – Ref: 6, 1, 2 Critchlow
Sacred Geometry -by
Miranda Lundy
ii) Broad presentation of various Sacred Geometry -by
historical applications of geometry in Miranda Lundy
various fields of endeavor. – Ref: 2

iii) Contemporary application of Videos could be

Geometry in various areas of shown to students,
design. Use of Geometry in Pattern relating it to
making, Garment Construction & application of

Topic – Drafting.
To understand importance of
drafting instruments to
make perfect drawing with
minimum time/ minimum
effort /minimum errors
To make effective use of all
drawing instruments, for
Plant Layout.
iv) Introduction and definition of
elements of geometry
(Point, line, planes, etc.)
v) Geometrical structure of 2D/3D
space – Ref: 1
vi) Introduction to Drafting
Instruments, their set-up and
specific usage. (Hands-on demo of
usage of Drafting Instruments). –
Ref: 4, 6, 7
vii) Sheet Layout Format – Border of
1 cm on three sides, and 2 cm on
left side; „Box‟ of width 10 cm runs
Geometry.
TD- Print Designs.
AD- Product Design.
KD – Surface
Treatment.
FC – Props, Graphic Design.
FD- Garment Construction,
Silhouette.
Order in Space: a design
source book - by Keath
Critchlow
Engineering Drawing: Planar
and Solid Geometry - by N.D.
Bhatt,
Design Drawing - by Francis
D.K. Ching
Rendering with Pen & Ink -
by Robert W. Gill
Videos could be shown to
students, demonstrating use
and benefits of drawing
instruments
 making accurate, precise,
presentation drawing in very
short slot of time.
Topic – Drafting.
Class Room Assignment
5-8 6.0 hrs Class Room Assignment
(L: 1.5 hrs. To make a Design/
composition by using one
vertically throughout the right side;
this „Box‟ divided into a „Name Plate‟
of 10 cm x 7 cm at bottom right; the
remaining vertical box above this
would be the „Sheet title-plate‟
containing Assignment No. and
Titles, a brief „Objective‟ of the
Assignment(s) (1 or 2 sentences),
and any essential „given data‟ or
intermediate calculations.
Basic Drafting Practice Engineering Drawing: Planar
Assignments, for developing hand- and Solid Geometry - by
eye-mind coordination; 4 small N.D. Bhatt,
exercises – Ref: 4 (chap.1)
*Horizontal / vertical / diagonal /
Zigzag / wavy lines / Graph with
gradation of lines)
–2 Half imperial sheets
Continuous Evaluation in a class
room.
Geometrix by - Clarence
P.Hornung
* Various measured symmetrical /
asymmetrical designs / Repeat Design by - Peter
compositions with different types of Phillips & Gillian Bunce
P: 4.5 hrs.) design element „ line‟ based
on Principles of Design and
after getting familiar with the
effective use of drafting
instruments.
Topic – Drafting.
To understand importance of
Scale, dimensions,
presentation skill in a
technical drawing for
manufacturers to implement
the design in use.
lines. - Ref: 16,17
– 1 Half imperial sheet
Continuous Evaluation in a class
room.
v) Lettering – various sizes of
guidelines/reference lines , types of
lettering, etc. – Ref: 8,6,4
Introduction
iv) Concept of Scale (reducing,
enlarging – 1:100, 1:10, 2:1, 5:1,
etc.), various Unit Systems and
inter-conversions – Ref: 4
Specific emphasis should be give to
8 & 10 divisions in a unit as in 1cm
& 1 inch.
Engineering Drawing: Planar
and Solid Geometry - by
N.D.
Bhatt
Engineering Drawing: Planar
and Solid Geometry - by N.D.
Bhatt,
Design Drawing - by Francis
D.K. Ching
Geometrical Drawing for Art
Students - by I.H. Morris
Engineering Drawing: Planar
and Solid Geometry - by
N.D. Bhatt,
 vi) Dimensioning – various types of
dimensions, standard conventions – Engineering Drawing: Planar
Ref: 4 and Solid Geometry - by
N.D. Bhatt,

*Application of Scale / lettering /

Dimensioning in one sheet. One
Class Room Assignment design could be made in different
scales.

– 1 half imperial sheet

Continuous Evaluation in a class
room.

Proportion Systems
Videos on „Proportion‟ could
9 - 10 3.0 hrs Topic – Relating proportion system to NIFT be shown to students,
disciplines, for eg. Illustrations,
Geometric Construction différent Orders, ratio, ergonomics,
etc.

Class Room Assignment * 2, 3, 5, golden spiral – Design Drawing - by Francis

Ref: 2, 6 D.K. Ching
–Learning Diary
Continuous Evaluation in a class Sacred Geometry -by
room. Miranda Lundy

Class Room Assignment
11 - 13 4.5 hrs Topic - Geometrical Analysis
of objects in environment –
(L: 3 hrs., P: man-made & natural
1.5 hrs.)
Class Room Assignment
Group of 3 to 5 Students
14 1.5 hrs Topic – Introduction to solid
Geometry
To develop the visualization
skill of students in context of
Gnomonic growth, Golden Section /
Fibonacci series /, etc. – Ref: 2
Proportion Systems
–Learning Diary
Continuous Evaluation in a class
room.
A key exercise for sensitizing the
student to the geometric order and
myriad geometric patterns found in
natural and manmade environment,
relating to proportion systems, etc.
– Ref: 2, 3, 14
Report & study model
( Group Work) - 05 Marks
i) Introduction and definition of
types of the solids. Ref: 4,1
(Solids of the revolution, Regular
solids, Semi regular solids)
ii) An introduction to the third
Sacred Geometry -
byMiranda Lundy
Sacred Geometry - by
Miranda Lundy
On Growth and Form by -
D'Arcy Wentworth
Thompson, Kroon M.
Thompson Nature the Mother
of Invention: The engineering
of plant life by - Felix R.
Paturi
Engineering Drawing: Planar
and Solid Geometry - by
N.D. Bhatt,
Order in Space: a design
 three dimensional Geometry.
This knowledge further could
be related to silhouettes of
garments, Space Design,
Product Design etc.
Topic – Multi view drawing
system.
15 - 21 10.5 hrs Class Room Assignments
)L: 4.5 hrs., To get familiar with basic
P: 6 hrs.) Geometric construction,
which is a base for various
subjects like Pattern making,
Visual Merchandising,
Technical Drawing, Plant
Layout, Garment
Construction etc.
dimension and how space source book by -
develops from point, to line to KeathCritchlow
area to volume – Ref: 1
iii) Definition & terminology in 3D
geometry – Ref: 4,1
iv) Concept of the orthographic
projections
Orthographic Projections (Plan, Videos on orthographic
Front Elevation, Side elevations), projections could be shown to
Isometric view, Surface the students.
development, True sections, -
Relating it to garment construction.
* Orthographic Projections (Plan,
Front Elevation, Side elevations),
Isometric view, Surface
development, True sections
(Wherever applicable) & models for
Cylinder, Cone, Pyramids, Prism,
Frustum of a cone.
– 5 Drawing Sheets & 5 models
Continuous Evaluation in a class
room.
 Submission Completed in the class

Submission of Assignment Submission of all assignments

No 01. which were continuously evaluated
in the class, from session 1 to 14 to
COE by students with corrections if
any.

09 drawing sheets, 05 models,

Learning Diary, Report + Study
Model

Assignment 2:- 20 marks

22 - 24 Individual submission (20 Marks)

4.5 1) Orthographic projections (Plan, front Elevation, Side Elevations) of a machine part.-1 half
imperial drawing sheet

2) Scaled down/Scaled up model of a machine part.- 1 model

Topic – Multi view drawing Orthographic Projections &

system. Isometric Views… Contd……..
25 - 32 12.0 hrs

(L: 3 hrs. P: Class Room Assignments # Orthographic Projections (Plan,

9 hrs.)
To further extend the concept
of visualization in detail with
respect to sections of solids
Front Elevation, Side elevations),
Isometric view, Surface
development, True sections
(Wherever applicable) & models for
Truncated Pyramid, Truncated
Cylinder, Truncated Cone.

– 3 Drawing Sheets & 3 models

Continuous Evaluation in a class

room.

Submission Completed in the class

33 - 35 4.5 hrs Topic – Additive form of a cube,

Geometric Construction Subtractive form of a cube.

# Orthographic projections,
Isometric view, surface development
Class Room Assignment & a model of each solid. - Ref: 4

–2 Drawing sheets & 2 models

Continuous Evaluation in a class
 room.

Submission Completed in the class

36 - 37 3.0 hrs Topic – Composition of various solids

Geometric Construction

Class Room Assignment # Orthographic projections,

Isometric view, surface development
& a model of each solid & a
Composition - Ref: 4

–1 Drawing sheet & 1 model

Continuous Evaluation in a class
room.

Submission Completed in the class

38 - 39 3.0 hrs Topic – Intersection of Cylinder & cylinder

(relating it to garment parts)
Geometric Construction (Calculating the amount of fabric
required )

Class Room Assignment # Orthographic projections &

surface development & a model.
To relate the knowledge of Area calculations of surface
 surface development to developments
Pattern Making and Garment
Construction. – Ref: 4, 5.

–2 Drawing sheets & 2 Models

Continuous Evaluation in a class

room.

Submission Completed in the class

40 - 45 9.0 hrs
(L: 1.5 hrs., Topic - End Term Project Explanation of the project, visit,
P: 3 hrs.) schematic plan, analysis of the plan
Case study – Tailor’s shop w.r.t. function, Circulation space,
(Group work) suggestive new plan.

Students should show the work to

the faculty at each stage.

Submission of Assignment Submission of all assignments

No 03. which were continuously evaluated
in the class, from session 17 to 30
to COE by students with corrections
if any.

08 drawing sheets,
08 Models

Submission of Assignment (Total 20 Marks)

No. 03 Continuous Before End Term Exam
 Evaluation 20 Marks - for 08 half imperial
sheets and 08 models

End Term ( Project)

– 40 Marks. (Group work)

Objective –

Understanding fundamental geometric principles of three-dimensional forms, space &

their structural relationship within an environment.
Appreciating the relevance of 3 D geometric construction in the field of garment
technology area like plant layout.
Conceptual structuring & restructuring of a 3D environment using geometric
principles as a tool.

END TERM JURY

RECOMMENDATIONS:

It is strongly recommended that ALL the assignments listed herein be covered without fail – in order to have a
common benchmark for the course across all campus. In addition to these, the faculty may add more inputs if so
desired, according to available time and resources.
The connectivity of various topics covered throughout this module to specific disciplines in NIFT (like “Pattern-
making”, Auto CAD, Product Drawing, Plant-layout) can be sensitized to the students, as and when applicable.
In cases where guest faculties are teaching, they should be properly oriented to the NIFT specific disciplines, and
some of the specific subjects in NIFT which are connected to geometry.
 The three types of „medium of work‟ to be used by the student, which will also become the „instrument of
evaluation‟ for the faculty are: a) Models b) Drawing Sheets – Half-Imperial size (560 mm x 380 mm); c)
Presentation Sheets /Study model of some specific exercises, The specific „instrument / medium of work‟ for each
assignment type are suggested above.
The mode of input by the faculty is also indicated for each topic; however it is only suggestive, and each faculty is
at liberty to adapt according to his/her preference.
The appropriate reference book(s) are indicated along with each topic by number(s) as given in the sequence of
“Suggestive References / Readings” at the end.

TEACHING METHODOLOGY & TOOLS USED

Illustrated lectures (Inputs on theoretical concepts and aspects of topics covered)
Reference material to be given as and when required
Demonstrative explanations on drafting methods
Monitored Studio assignments
Field observation assignment
Group presentation

ASSIGNMENTS

Assignment 01 - 20 marks

Assignments - 09 Drawing sheets & 5 Models – 10 marks

Learning Diary – 05 Marks

Group Submission - Report and Study Model – 05 Marks

Assignment 2:- 20 marks

Individual submission
 1) Orthographic projections (Plan, front Elevation, Side Elevations) of a machine part.-1 half imperial drawing
sheet

2) Scaled down/Scaled up model of a machine part.- 1 model Assignment 02 - Before End Term Exam

Assignments 03 - 20 marks

8 Drawing sheets & 8 Models

End Term Submission & Jury – 40 Marks

EVALUATION METHODS

The three types of „medium of work‟ to be used by the student, which will also become the method of evaluation for the
faculty are: a) Drawing Sheets – Half-Imperial size; b) Presentation Sheets of some specific exercises – Half-Imperial
size; c) Learning Diary – A3 size, spiral bound.

The students are expected to submit the above requisite materials to the course faculty, continuously as well as at the
end of the course in the form of a Comprehensive Portfolio and Learning Diary. The learning process being interactive
and critique after each assignment are integral components of the Course. The performance of the students will also
be evaluated on the above basis.

EVALUATION CRITERIA FOR ASSIGNMENTS

PARAMETERS

Understanding of Concepts & Assignments

Skills: Neatness, Precision, Systematic thinking, Observation, etc.
Integrative application of various concepts
Documentation & Presentation
 Professional, conduct, punctuality, discipline

LEARNING OUTCOME

Understanding of geometric principles and construction methods.

Skills to handle instruments and tools.
Sensitivity to Geometrical outlook of shapes in the environment.
Equipped to apply basic understanding of geometry for designing 2D patterns.
Ability to correlate and apply these principles as a cohesive and holistic understanding, as and when required.
Ability to construct common two dimensional geometrical curves, surfaces and solids

PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE-

Architecture
Product Design
Industrial Design
Engineering
Design with significant experience in geometry applicable subject

EVALUATION MATRIX

Benchmark Benchmark Benchmark End –

Assignment-1 Assignment-2 Assignment-3 Term Tot
(Continuous (Continuous (Continuous Evaluation al
Evaluation) Evaluation) Evaluation) / Jury

20 20 40 100
20
SUGGESTED REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Beyer, J., 1999. Designing Tessellations : The Secrets of Interlocking Patterns. 1st ed. McGraw-Hill.
2. Bhatt, N.D. & Panchal, V.M., 2008. Engineering Drawing: Plane and Solid Geometry. Delhi: Charotar
Publishing House Pvt. Limited.
3. Bool, F.H., Kist, J.R. & Wier, F., 1992. M.C. Escher: His Life and Complete Graphic Work. Harry N. Abrams,
Inc.
4. Bourgoin, J., 1973. Arabic Geometrical Pattern and Design. New ed. Dover Publications.
5. Ching, F.D.K. & Juroszek, S.P., 2010. Design Drawing. 2nd ed. Wiley.
6. Critchlow, K., 1999. Islamic Patterns: An Analytical and Cosmological Approach. Reprint ed. Inner Traditions.
7. Critchlow, K., 2000. Order in Space: A Design Source Book. Spl ed. Thames & Hudson.
8. Cundy, H.M. & Rollett, A.P., 1981. Mathematical Models. 3rd ed. Tarquin Publications.
9. Demarco, P. & Demarco, G., 2000. Building Architectural Models. Schiffer Pub Ltd.
10. Gill, R.W., 1984. Rendering with Pen and Ink. Enlarged ed. Thames & Hudson Ltd.
11. Gjerde, E., 2008. Origami Tessellations: Awe-Inspiring Geometric Designs. A K Peters/CRC Press.
12. Grunbaum, B., 1986. Tilings and Patterns. W.H. Freeman & Company.
13. Hoelscher, R.P. & Springer, C.H., 1958. Engineering Drawing and Geometry. 4th ed. Wiley.
14. Hornung, C.P., 1991. Geometrix: 161 Patterns and Motifs for Artists and Designers. New York: Dover
Publications.
15. Locker, J.L., 2000. The Magic of M. C. Escher. 1st ed. Harry N. Abrams.
16. Lundy, M., 2001. Sacred Geometry. Walker & Company.
17. McArthur, M. & Lang, R.J., 2013. Folding Paper: The Infinite Possibilities of Origami. Tuttle Publishing.
18. Mills, C.B., 2011. Designing with Models: A Studio Guide to Architectural Process Models. 3rd ed. Wiley.
19. Morris, I.H., 2004. Geometrical Drawing for Art Students. 26th ed. Kolkatta: Orient Longmans Private Limited.
20. Paturi, F.R., 1976. Nature, mother of invention: The engineering of plant life. Harper & Row.
21. Philips, P. & Bunce, G., 1993. Repeat Patterns: A Manual for Designers, Artists and Architects. London:
Thames & Hudson Ltd.
22. Schattschneider, D., 2004. M.C. Escher: Visions of Symmetry. 2nd ed. Harry N. Abrams.
 23. Thompson, D.W. & Bonner, J.T., 1992. On Growth and Form. Abridged ed. Cambridge University Press.

WEB SOURCES

1. www.mathworld.wolfram.com
2. www.sacredgeometry.com
3. www.mathforum.org

SUGGESTIVE FACULTY COMPETENCY

NIFT/ NID Graduates, B.Arch / M.Arch, B.E / M.E.

MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR THE COURSE

Faculty

Comprehensive notes session wise to be prepared

Well tested series of assignments to rapidly build up confidence and skill level of students to be introduced
Reference materials in terms of books, presentations, slides, photographs, etc to be gathered
Reference material for students to be prepared for respective topics where required
New teaching aids in the form of geometric models need to be prepared to help clarify concepts

STUDENTS

Instruments: pencil (HB), set-squares, geometry instrument set, flexi-curve, French curve, T-scale/Drafter etc.

Material: Drawing sheets, Graph sheet/Tracing sheet (Gateway, etc.), dry colors, waterproof ink, Drawing Board,
Sheet Barrel Container, Portfolio case, Model making materials such as card paper, wire, mount board, watch-
maker sticks etc.
(The List of required instrument for the subject could be provided to all the students during orientation
programme for smooth functioning of classes)

INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIREMENT

Studio Space with adequate drafting tables

Digital projector / slide projector / overhead projector and computer for illustrated lectures
Soft boards for display of student work

Benchmarked assignment Description (if required to be documented separately)

Assignment 1
Details/ description of assignment Geometrical construction, Learning Diary, Report and Study model

Evaluation parameter Understanding of Concepts & Assignments

Skills: Neatness, Precision, Systematic thinking

Type of assignment 09 half imperial sheets and 5 models - 10
Learning Diary – 05
Group Submission - Report & a study model - 05
Weight age 20 marks (10 +05 +05)

Assignment 2 Individual submission

1) Orthographic projections (Plan, front Elevation, Side Elevations) of a machine

part.-1 half imperial drawing sheet
2) Scaled down/Scaled up model of a machine part.- 1 model

Weight age 20 marks

Assignment 3

Details/ description of assignment Geometrical construction and model making

Evaluation parameter Understanding of Concepts & Assignments

Skills: Neatness, Precision, Systematic thinking

Type of assignment 8 drawing sheets and 8 models

Weight age 20 marks

Evaluation Criteria
Understanding of Concepts & Assignments
Skills: Neatness, Precision, Systematic thinking.
End Term (Project) – 40 Marks. (Group work)
Objective –

Understanding fundamental geometric principles of three dimensional forms, space & their structural relationship
within an environment.
Appreciating the relevance of 3 D geometric construction in the field of garment technology area like plant layout.
Conceptual structuring & restructuring of a 3D environment using geometric principles as a tool.

CASE STUDY – Garment manufacturing unit – Tailor’s shop.

Analysis of floor plan, Circulation space, Suggestions.
(Presentation, Drawing sheets with a schematic plan, suggestive new plan, Analysis)
Evaluation Criteria
Understanding of Concepts & Assignments
Skills: Neatness, Precision, Systematic thinking.
Integrative application of various concepts & creativity.
Documentation & Presentation