मुलुकी फौजदारी कार्यविधि संहिता २०७४ PDF

www.lawcommission.gov.
np
d'n'sL kmf}hbf/L sfo{ljlw ;+lxtf, @)&$

k|df0fLs/0f ldlt
@)&$.^.#)
;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g
d''n'sL ;+lxtf ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)&% @)&^.)!.)@
;+jt\ @)&$ ;fnsf] P]g g+= #&

k|:tfjgf M kmf}hbf/L d'2fsf] cg';Gwfg, cleof]hg, bfo/L, sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f tyf
;f];Fu ;DalGwt cGo sfo{ljlw / To:tf d'2fdf ePsf] km};nf sfof{Gjog ;DaGwL k|rlnt
sfg"gnfO{ ;+zf]wg / PsLs/0f u/L sfo{ljlw sfg"gnfO{ ;/nLs[t / ;dofg's"n agfpg
jf~5gLo ePsf]n],
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @(^ sf] pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] Joj:yflksf–;+;bn] of] P]g
agfPsf] 5 .
kl/R5]b – !
k|f/lDes

!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M -!_ o; P]gsf] gfd æd'n'sL kmf}hbf/L sfo{ljlw ;+lxtf,
@)&$Æ /x]sf] 5 .
-@_ of] ;+lxtfsf] bkmf !(@ g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg
u/L tf]s]sf] ldltb]lv / cGo bkmfx? ;+jt\ @)&% ;fn ebf} ! ut]b]lv k|f/De x'g]5g\ .
@= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;Ën] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; ;+lxtfdf,–

-s_ æcbfntÆ eGgfn] ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, pRr cbfnt jf lhNnf cbfnt
;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] s'g} vf; lsl;dsf kmf}hbf/L d'2fsf] sf/afxL,
;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug{ sfg"g adf]lhd clwsf/ k|fKt cGo cbfnt,
Goflos lgsfo jf clwsf/L ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-v_ æcg';Gwfg clwsf/LÆ eGgfn] o; ;+lxtf adf]lhd s'g} s;"/sf]
;DaGwdf cg';GWffg ug{ tf]lsPsf] jf sfg"g adf]lhd clwsf/ k|fKt

मुलुकी संहिता सम्बन्धी केिी नेपाल ऐनलाई संशोधन गने ऐन, २०७५ द्वारा संशोधधत ।
1
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clwsf/L ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] s'g} vf; s;"/sf] ;DaGwdf

cg';Gwfg ug{ ul7t cg';Gwfg 6f]nL ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-u_ æck/fw ;+lxtfÆ eGgfn] d'n'sL ck/fw ;+lxtf, @)&$ ;Demg' k5{ .
-3_ æph'/LÆ eGgfn] cbfntdf bfo/ x'g] lkm/fbkq ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn]
cg';"rL–! jf cg';"rL–@ cGt{utsf s;"/sf ;DaGwdf cleof]ukq /
cGo d'2fsf ;DaGwdf ;f] ;DaGwL k|ltj]bg ;d]tnfO{{ hgfpF5 .
-ª_ æs;"/Æ eGgfn] ck/fw ;+lxtf jf cGo P]g adf]lhd ;hfo x'g] sfd
;Demg' k5{ .
-r_ æsfg"gÆ eGgfn] tTsfn k|rlnt sfg"g ;Demg' k5{ .
-5_ æuDeL/ s;"/Æ eGgfn] tLg jif{eGbf a9L bz jif{;Dd s}b ;hfo x'g]
s;"/ ;Demg' k5{ .
-h_ æh3Go s;"/Æ eGgfn] hGds}b x'g] jf bz jif{eGbf a9L s}b ;hfo x'g]
s;"/ ;Demg' k5{ .
-em_ æ7fpFÆ eGgfn] 3/, 6x/f, uf]7, drfg jf kfn ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn]
;jf/L ;fwg, 8'Ëf, jfo'ofg tyf To:t} k|s[ltsf cGo :yfg jf ;fwg
;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-`_ æGofofwLzÆ eGgfn] d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug]{ cbfntsf]
clwsf/L ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] kmf}hbf/L d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ /
lsgf/f ug{ clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/L ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-6_ æk|x/L sfof{noÆ eGgfn] cg';"rL–! df plNnlvt s;"/sf] ;DaGwdf
cg';GWffg ug{ clwsf/ k|fKt k|x/L sfof{no ;Demg' k5{ .
-7_ ækmf}hbf/L d'2fÆ eGgfn] cg';"rL–!, cg';"rL–@, cg';"rL–# jf cg';"rL–
$ cGtu{tsf s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2f ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] b]xfosf]
ljifo afx]s cGo d'2f ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 M–
-!_ sfg"gL xs, x}l;ot, kb, kfl/jfl/s ;DaGw jf ;DklQ
;DaGwL d'2f,
-@_ gftf sfod jf ;DaGw ljR5]b,
-#_ b:t'/, kfl/>lds, tna, eQf jf Hofnf,
2
-$_ c+z, ck'tfnL, bfg as;, OR5fkq, ;+/Ifs, dfyj/,

dflqs, k}lqs, clVtof/L, wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL,
-%_ s'g} s/f/, c4{–s/f/ jf cg'lrt ;Da[l4 cGtu{tsf] s'g}
xs bfjL,
-^_ b'is[lt, c4{–b'is[lt jf q'l6k"0f{ pTkfbg ;DaGwL xs jf
bfjL,
-&_ ;'ljwfef/,
-*_ Ifltk"lt{, jf
-(_ b]jfgL k|s[ltsf] cGo s'g} xs jf bfloTj .
-8_ æd'2fÆ eGgfn] kmf}hbf/L d'2f ;Demg' k5{ .
-9_ æd'2f x]g]{ clwsf/LÆ eGgfn] d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug{
sfg"g adf]lhd clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/L ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn]
lx/f;tdf lnPsf] AolQmsf] xsdf lghnfO{ lx/f;tdf lnPsf] 7fpFsf]
glhssf] cbfntnfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .
-0f_ æ:yfgLo txÆ eGgfn] ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsf ;Demg' k5{ .
-t_ æ;/sf/L jlsnÆ eGgfn] dxfGofoflwjQmf, gfoj dxfGofoflwjQmf,
;xGofoflwjQmf, pkGofoflwjQmf, lhNnf GofoflwjQmf jf ;xfos
lhNnf GofoflwjQmf ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] dxfGofoflwjQmfaf6
;/sf/L jlsnsf] x}l;otdf sfd ug{ tf]lsPsf] clws[tnfO{ ;d]t
hgfpF5 .

#= 5'§} sfg"gL Joj:yf ePsf]df c;/ gkg]{ M -!_ s'g} s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg, cleof]hg, d'2f
x]g]{ clwsf/If]q, ;'g'jfO km};nf sfof{Gjog jf cGo s'g} sf/afxLsf ;DaGwdf 5'§}
;+lxtfdf Joj:yf ul/Psf] /x]5 eg] To:tf] ljifodf o; ;+lxtfsf] Joj:yfn] c;/ kfg]{
5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt 5'§} ;+lxtfdf Joj:yf gePsf] sfol{\jlwsf]
ljifodf o; ;+lxtfsf] Joj:yf nfu" x'g]5 .

3
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] ;j{;fdfGotfdf k|lts"n c;/ gkg]{ u/L b]xfosf] ljifodf
b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5:-
-s_ s'g} s;"/df d'2f rnfpg] ;DaGwdf 5'§} ;+lxtfdf s'g}
clwsf/L tf]lsPsf] eP To:tf] clwsf/Laf6 / To:tf] clwsf/L
gtf]lsPsf]df ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'vn] ;a't k|df0f ;fy
cleof]ukq bfo/ ug{ Dofb ggf£g] u/L cfˆgf] /fo ;lxt d'2f
rNg] jf grNg] lg0f{osf] nflu ;DalGwt ;/sf/L jsLn ;dIf
ldl;n k]z ug{' kg]{,
-v_ v08 -s_ adf]lhd ldl;n k|fKt ePkl5 d'2f rNg] jf grNg]
lg0f{o u/L d'2f rNg] lg0f{o eP d'2f rnfpg' kg]{ JolQm tyf
lgh pk/sf] cleof]u, ;hfo / cleof]ukqdf lng' kg]{ bfaL
;d]t pNn]v u/L d'2f bfo/ ug{ Dofb ggf£g] u/L k|fKt ldl;n
lkmtf{ k7fpg' kg]{,
-u_ v08 -v_ adf]lhd d'2f rnfpg] lg0f{o k|fKt ePkl5 ;f]xL
cg'¿ksf] cleof]ukq tof/ u/L y'g'jf eP y'g'jf ;d]t nuL
Dofbleq} ;DalGwt cbfnt ;dIf d'2f bfo/ u/L ldl;nsf] Ps
k|lt gSsn ;/sf/L jsLnnfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{,
-3_ v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] clwsf/L jf sfof{no k|d'vn] v08 -u_
adf]lhd cleof]ukq bfo/ ug{'sf cltl/Qm b]xfosf sfo{ ug{
;Sg]5 M–
-!_ ;/sf/L jsLnsf] /fo lnO{ bkmf ## adf]lhd
cleo'QmnfO{ ;hfo sd ug]{ ;DaGwL dfu bfaL lnO{
cleof]ukq bfo/ ug{ / ;f]xL bkmfsf] pkbkmf -^_ sf]
cj:yfdf 5"6 ;hfo /2 ug{ dfu bfaL lnO{ ;DalGwt
cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg,
-@_ ;/sf/L jsLnsf] /fo lnO{ bkmf #% adf]lhd yk bfaL
;lxt d'2f bfo/ ug{,
4
-#_ ;/sf/L jsLnsf] /fo lnO{ bkmf #^ adf]lhd yk bfaL

;lxt d'2f bfo/ ug{,
-$_ ;/sf/L jsLnsf] /fo lnO{ bkmf #& adf]lhd q'l6
;Rofpgsf] nflu cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg,
-%_ ;/sf/L jsLn dfkm{t\ bkmf !)! adf]lhd cbfntdf
;fIfL k]z ug{,
-^_ ;fIfL ljz]if1nfO{ bkmf !!# adf]lhdsf] b}lgs tyf
e|d0f eQf pknAw u/fpg .
kl/R5]b – @
s;"/sf] ;"rgf tyf cg';Gwfg ;DaGwL Joj:yf
$= s;"/sf] hfx]/L b/vf:t jf ;"rgf lbg' kg]{ M -!_ cg';"rL–! df plNnlvt s'g} s;"/
ePsf], eO/x]sf] jf x'g nfu]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f yfxf kfpg] AolQmn] To:tf] s;"/sf
;DaGwdf cfk"m;Fu ePsf] jf cfk"mn] b]v] hfg] ;Ddsf] ;j'b k|df0f v'nfO{ To:tf]
s'/fsf] lnlvt hfx]/L b/vf:t jf df}lvs ;"rgf jf ljB'tLo dfWodsf] ;"rgf
cg';"rL–% adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf glhssf] k|x/L sfof{nodf oyflz3| lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] hfx]/L b/vf:t jf ;"rgf lbg] AolQmn] To:tf]
;"rgf jf lghn] lbPsf] hfx]/L b/vf:t cg';"rL–% adf]hdsf] 9fFrf cg'?k gePdf
lghn] lbPsf] ;"rgfsf ;a} s'/fx? ;DalGwt k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] cg';"rL–% adf]lhdsf]
9fFrfdf v'nfO{ lghnfO{ ;f] k9L jfrL ;'gfO{ lghsf] ;xL5fk ;d]t u/fO{ /fVg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] hfx]/L b/vf:t jf ;"rgf s'g} AolQmn] ;DalGwt
k|x/L sfof{nodf cfk}mF pkl:yt eO{ lbPdf jf x'nfs jf s'g} JolQm dfkm{t\ k7fPdf
jf ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 ;"rgf lbPdf To:tf] k|x/L sfof{non] To:tf] hfx]/L b/vf:t jf
;"rgf btf{ u/L lghnfO{ cg';"rL–^ adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf e/kfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . s;}n]
ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 ;"rgf lbPsf]df ;f]xL dfWodaf6 To:tf] ;"rgf kfPsf] hfgsf/L
u/fpg' kg]{5 .

5

-#s_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd x'nfs jf ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 k|fKt x'g cfPsf]
;"rgfsf] ljZj;gLotf olsg ug{' kg]{ ePdf To:tf] ;"rgf lbg] JolQmnfO{ lemsfO{
k|x/L sfof{non] ;gfvt u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_, -@_ jf -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cg';"rL–!
df plNnlvt s'g} s;"/ ePsf] s'/fsf] ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L k|x/Ln] cGo s'g} ;|f]taf6
jf cfkm}Fn] k|fKt u/]df ;f] ;DaGwdf cg';"rL–% df plNnlvt ljj/0f ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg
v8f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ o; bkmf adf]lhdsf] hfx]/L b/vf:t, ;"rgf jf pkbkmf
-$_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bgnfO{ k|x/L sfof{no jf cg';Gwfg ug{ clwsf/k|fKt sfof{no
jf clwsf/Ln] cg';"rL–& adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfsf] btf{ lstfadf btf{ u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|fKt hfx]/L b/vf:t jf ;"rgfsf] ;DAfGWfdf
sfg"gåf/f 5'§} cg';Gwfg ug{] clwsf/L tf]lsPsf]df To:tf] clwsf/L ;dIf / 5'§}
cg';Gwfg ug]{ clwsf/L gePsf]df ;DalGwt lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no ;dIf k7fpg'
kg]{5 .
-&_ cg';"rL–@ df plNnlvt s'g} s;"/ ;DaGwL ;"rgf lbg rfxg] AolQmn]
cg';Gwfg ug{ clwsf/ k|fKt sfof{no jf clwsf/L ;dIf cg';"rL–% adf]lhdsf]
9fFrfdf ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 .
-*_ pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd k|fKt ;"rgf ;DalGwt sfof{no jf clwsf/Ln] btf{
u/L To:tf] ;"rgf lbg] AolQmnfO{ cg';"rL–^ adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf e/kfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-(_ pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf ;DalGwt sfof{no jf clwsf/L ;dIf btf{
ug{ tTsfn ;Dej gePdf To:tf] ;"rgf glhssf] k|x/L sfof{nodf klg lbg
;lsg]5 .
-!)_ pkbkmf -(_ adf]lhd s'g} ;"rgf k|fKt x'g cfPdf ;DalGwt k|x/L
sfof{non] klg To:tf] ;"rgf pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd btf{ u/L tLg lbgleq sf/afxLsf
nflu ;DalGwt sfof{no jf clwsf/L ;dIf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
%= hfx]/L b/vf:t jf ;"rgf btf{ gu/]df ph'/ ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -!_
adf]lhd lbPsf] hfx]/L b/vf:t jf ;"rgf ;DalGwt k|x/L sfof{non] btf{ ug{ OGsf/

मुलुकी संहिता सम्बन्धी केिी नेपाल ऐनलाई संशोधन गने ऐन, २०७५ द्वारा थप ।

6
u/]df hfx]/L b/vf:t jf ;"rgf ug]{ AolQmn] To:tf] Joxf]/f v'nfO{ ;DalGwt lhNnf
;/sf/L jlsn sfof{no jf To:Tff] hfx]/L b/vf:t jf ;"rgf btf{ ug'{ kg]{ k|x/L
sfof{noeGbf dflyNnf] txsf] k|x/L sfof{nodf hfx]/L b/vf:t jf ;"rgf ;lxt ph'/
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ph'/ k|fKt ePdf ;DalGwt lhNnf ;/sf/L jlsn
sfof{no jf k|x/L sfof{non] To;sf] clen]v /fvL To:tf] hfx]/L b/vf:t jf ;"rgf
cfjZos sf/afxLsf] nflu ;DalGwt k|x/L sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k|fKt x'g cfPsf] hfx]/L b/vf:t jf ;"rgfnfO{
;DalGwt k|x/L sfof{non] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd btf{ u/L sf/afxL ug'{
kg]{5 .
-$_ bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf btf{ ug{ To; pkbkmfdf
plNnlvt sfof{no jf clwsf/Ln] OGsf/ u/]df To:tf] ;"rgf lbg] AolQmn] ;f]xL Joxf]/f
v'nfO{ s;"/sf] ;"rgf ;lxt ;DalGwt lhNNffsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L ;dIf ph'/
lbg ;Sg]5 .
t/ k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L g} cg';Gwfg clwsf/L tf]lsPsf] /x]5 / lghn]
To:tf] ;"rgf btf{ ug{ OGsf/ u/]df u[x dGqfnodf To:tf] ph'/ lbg ;lsg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd ph'/ k|fKt ePdf ;DalGwt k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L
jf u[x dGqfnon] tLg lbgleq ;"rgf btf{ ug]{ jf gug]{ lg0f{o u/L ;DalGwt
sfof{nonfO{ ;f] adf]lhd ug{ jf u/fpg lgb]{zg lbg' kg]{5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhdsf] lgb{]zg k|fKt ePkl5 ;DalGwt sfof{no jf
clwsf/Ln] ;f] lgb{]zg cg';f/sf] sf/afxL ug{' kg{]5 .
^= k|df0f nf]k jf gf; x'g glbg / s;"/ ug]{ AolQm pDsg gkfpg] Joj:yf ug]{ M -!_
s'g} k|x/L sfof{no jf k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] cg';"rL –! df plNnlvt s'g} s;"/ ePsf] jf
eO{ /x]sf] jf x'g nfu]sf] hfgsf/L kfPdf s;"/bf/nfO{ s;"/ ug{af6 /f]Sg] jf s;"/ ;Fu
;DalGwt s'g} k|df0f nf]k jf gf; x'g glbg] / s;"/ ug]{ AolQm efUg, pDsg gkfpg]
cfjZos / k|efjsf/L Joj:yf oyflz3| ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd tTsfn} sf/afxL gu/]df s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt s'g}
k|df0f nf]k jf gf; x'g] jf s;"/ ug]{ AolQm efUg], pDsg] ;Defjgf ePdf To:tf] k|x/L
7
sfof{no jf sd{rf/Ln] cfjZostf cg';f/ csf]{ k|x/L sfof{nosf] If]qdf ;d]t uO{
cfjZos sf/afxL ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd csf]{ k|x/L sfof{nosf] If]qdf uO{ s'g} sf/afxL ug'{
kg]{ ePdf To:tf] sfof{no jf sd{rf/Ln] To;sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt k|x/L sfof{no jf
lgsfo tyf cfk"meGbf dflyNnf] k|x/L sfof{nonfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ cg';"rL–@ df plNnlvt s'g} s;"/ ePsf] jf eO/x]sf] jf x'g nfu]sf]
hfgsf/L s;}sf] ;"rgf jf ;DalGwt clwsf/Ln] cfk}mn] s'g} ;|f]taf6 kfPdf To:tf]
clwsf/Ln] pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhdsf] sf/afxL ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/ To:tf] s;"/sf] ;"rgf s'g} k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] yfxf kfPsf] / ;DalGwt
cg';Gwfg clwsf/L tTsfn pknAw gePdf To:tf] k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] pkbkmf -!_ df
plNnlvt sf/afxL u/L s'g} AolQm ks|fp k/]sf] eP To:tf] JolQm ;lxt sf/afxLsf]
ljj/0f cg';Gwfg clwsf/L ;DfIf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ k|x/L sd{rf/L jf cg';GWffg clwsf/Ln] s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt s'g} k|df0f nf]k
jf gf; x'g glbg jf s;"/bf/nfO{ kqmfp ug{ s'g} lgsfo, clwsf/L jf AolQm;Fu d2t
dfUg ;Sg]5 / To:tf] d2t dfu]df cfjZos d2t lbg' To:tf] lgsfo, clwsf/L jf
AolQmsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
-^_ k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] s'g} s;"/ ePsf] jf eO/x]sf] jf x'g nfu]sf] 5 eGg]
hfgsf/L jf ;"rgf jf ;'/fs kfO{ ;'/fs lng uPsf avt jf cfˆgf] pkl:yltdf s'g}
s;"/ ePdf To:tf] s;"/ ug]{ AolQmnfO{ t'?Gt kqmfp ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt b;Lsf] dfn;fdfg / cGo s'g} k|df0f
jf j:t' k]mnf kf/]df To:tf] k|df0f jf j:t' ;d]t 36gf:yndf pknAw s;"/ ePsf]
b]Vg] AolQmx? sf]xL eP lghx?sf] /f]xj/df cfˆgf] sAhfdf lnO{ cfjZostf cg';f/
d'r'Nsf v8f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-*_ pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd d'r'Nsf v8f ug]{ sfo{ ;DkGg geP;Dd To:tf] j:t',
:yfg jf 36gf:ynsf] cj:yfnfO{ oyfl:yltdf ;'/lIft /fVg' kg]5
{ .
-(_ pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd k|fKt ePsf] b;Lsf] dfn;fdfg / s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt
k|df0f jf j:t' tTsfn cfˆgf] lhDdf jf sAhfdf lng g;lsg] cj:yf /x]5 eg] To:tf]
rLh jf j:t'nfO{ ;'/lIft ;fy /fVgsf] lgldQ ;DalGwt k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] :yfgLo tx
8
jf cGo s'g} sfof{nonfO{ cg'/f]w ug{ ;Sg]5 / To;/L cg'/f]w ul/Pdf ;DalGwt tx
jf sfof{non] klg To:tf] dfn;fdfg jf k|df0f lhDdf lnO{ To;sf] e/kfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
t/ s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt gePsf] j:t' ;DalGwt AolQmnfO{ tTsfn lkmtf{ ug'{
kg]{5 .
&= ;DalGwt k|x/L sfof{nonfO{ ;"rgf lbg' kg]{ M -!_ cg';r
" L–! df plNnlvt s'g}
s;"/sf] ;DaGwdf s'g} k|x/L sfof{nodf k|fKt ePsf] ;"rgfsf] Joxf]/faf6 jf k|x/L
sfof{no cfk}Fmn] To:tf] s;"/ cGo k|x/L sfof{nosf] If]qleq ePsf] jf eO/x]sf] jf x'g
nfu]sf] yfxf kfPdf To:tf] k|x/L sfof{non] To:tf] ;"rgf oyflz3| ;DalGwt k|x/L
sfof{nodf k7fOlbg' kg]{5 / cfjZostf cg';f/ ;"rgf lbg] AolQmnfO{ klg ;DalGwt
k|x/L sfof{nodf pkl:yt x'g hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ef}uf]lns ljs6tf jf
cGo s'g} sf/0fn] cg';Gwfg clwsf/L tTsfn pknAw x'g g;Sg] eO{ s;"/ ug]{ AolQm
pDsg] tyf s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt b;L, k|df0f nf]k x'g ;Sg] ePdf To:tf] If]qleqsf]
jf/bftsf xsdf klg To:tf] ;"rgf k|fKt ug]{ ;DalGwt k|x/L sfof{nosf clwsf/
k|fKt cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] k|f/lDes cg';Gwfg u/L ;DalGwt k|x/L sfof{nodf
k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k|f/lDes cg';Gwfg ug'{cl3 To:tf] clwsf/Ln]
;DalGwt k|x/L sfof{no / Ps tx dflysf] k|x/L sfof{nonfO{ hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 .
*= cg';Gwfg u/L ;j'b k|df0f ;Íng ug]{ M -!_ cg';"rL–! df plNnlvt s'g} s;"/ ePsf]
jf eO/x]sf] jf x'g nfu]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePdf ;DalGwt k|x/L sfof{non] oyflz3|
sDtLdf k|x/L gfoa lg/LIfs bhf{sf] k|x/L sd{rf/LnfO{ cg';Gwfg clwsf/L tf]sL
To;sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{no / cfk"meGbf dflyNnf] k|x/L
sfof{nonfO{ lbg' kg]{5 / To;/L tf]lsPsf] cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] To:tf] s;"/sf]
cg';Gwfg ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/ b]xfosf s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg ug{ sDtLdf k|x/L lg/LIfs bhf{sf] clws[tnfO{
tf]Sg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ ck/fw ;+lxtfsf] efu–@ sf] kl/R5]b–!, kl/R5]b–!@, kl/R5]b–
!&, kl/R5]b–!* sf] bkmf @!(, kl/R5]b–!( sf] bkmf @#), @#!,
9
@#@, @##, @#%, @#*, kl/R5]b–@) sf] bkmf @$$, kl/R5]b–

@@ sf] bkmf @%^, @%& / @%* sf s;"/,

-v_ ===========
-u_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] s;"/sf] uDeL/tf x]/L g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf
k|sfzg u/L tf]s]sf] cGo s;"/ .
-@_ cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] o; bkmf adf]lhd cg';GWffg ubf{ s;"/ tyf s;"/
ePsf] 7fpFsf] oyfy{ lrq0f x'g] u/L oyf;Dej lgDg lnlvt s'/fx? v'nfO{ 36gf:yn
d'r'Nsf tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ s;"/ ePsf] ldlt / ;do,
-v_ s;"/ ePsf] 7fpFsf] 7]ufgf, ljj/0f / /]vflrq,
-u_ To:tf] 7fpFsf] j:t'l:ylt tyf s;"/ jf s;"/bf/;Fu To;sf]
;DaGw,
-3_ s;"/ ePsf] 7fpF jf To;sf] j/k/ b]lvPsf] jf kfOPsf] b;L
k|df0f / s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt cGo s'g} pNn]vgLo s'/f .
-#_ cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln]] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd 36gf:yn d'r'Nsf tof/ ubf{
To:tf] 7fpFnfO{ c? dflg; k|j]z ug{ gkfpg] u/L 3]/f xfnL oyf;Dej To:tf 7fpFsf]
/ To:tf] 7fpFdf b]lvPsf] jf kfOPsf] xTs]nf / cf}Fnf jf kfOnfsf] lrXg, lgzfgf jf
cGo b;L jf s;"/ 7x/ ug{ d2t k'¥ofpg] cGo s'g} dxTjk"0f{ s'/fsf] kmf]6f] ;d]t lng
;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd 36gf:yn d'r'Nsf tof/ ubf{ s;"/ ug{] AolQm jf
cf/f]lkt AolQm pkl:yt eP lghsf] cf}+nfsf] 5fk nufot klxrfg v'Ng] ljj/0f ;d]t
lng' kg]{5 .
-%_ cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt s'g} b;L k|df0f, ;fdfg jf j:t'
k]mnf kf/]df To;nfO{ cfˆgf] sAhfdf lng' kg]{5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd b;L k|df0f ;fdfg jf j:t' sAhfdf lng] clwsf/Ln]
;f]sf] e/kfO{ ;DalGwt AolQmnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .


मुलुकी संहिता सम्बन्धी केिी नेपाल ऐनलाई संशोधन गने ऐन, २०७५ द्वारा झिककएको ।
10
-&_ cg';"rL–@ df plNnlvt s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg ug{ sfg"gdf s'g} clwsf/L

tf]lsPsf]df ;f]xL clwsf/Laf6 / To:tf] clwsf/L gtf]lsPsf]df ;DalGwt k|d'v lhNnf
clwsf/L jf lghn] tf]s]sf] clws[t:t/sf] sd{rf/Laf6 cg';Gwfg x'g]5 .
-*_ pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] clwsf/Ln] To:tf] s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg ubf{
pkbkmf -@_, -#_, -$_, -%_ / -^_ df plNnlvt sfo{ljlw k"/f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-(_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd Ps} jf/bftsf] cg';Gwfg ubf{ To:tf] jf/bftaf6
rNg ;Sg] ;a} d'2fsf] Ps} k6s cg';Gwfg ug'{ kg]{5 .
(= s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt AolQm kqmfp ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt s'g} AolQm km]nf
k/]df jf s;"/ ubf{ ub}{sf] cj:yfdf /x]df lghnfO{ k|x/L jf cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln]
kqmfp ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ s'g} AolQmnfO{ s;"/sf] cg';Gwfgsf] l;nl;nfdf o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd
tTsfn} kqmfp ug'{ kg]{ ePdf To;sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ ;Dej eP;Dd kqmfp ug'{ kg]{
AolQmsf] klxrfg v'Ng] ljj/0f ;lxt kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L ug]{ cg'dltsf] nflu d'2f x]g]{
clwsf/L ;dIf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lgj]bg k/]df / kqmfp ug'{ kg]{ sf/0f dgfl;a
b]lvPdf d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/Ln] ;f]xL lgj]bgdf kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L ug]{ cg'dlt lbg
;Sg]5 .
-$_ kqmfp k"hL{sf] 9fFrf cg';"rL–* df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] cfb]z kqmfp ug'{ kg]{ AolQm kqmfp gk/];Dd
;fj{hlgs ul/g] 5}g .
-^_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s;"/ ug]{ AolQm tTsfn
kqmfp gePdf To:tf] AolQm efUg] pDsg] jf lghn] k|df0f, b;L jf ;a"b gi6 ug]{
dgfl;a sf/0f ePdf To:tf] AolQmnfO{ cg';"rL–( adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf tTsfn} h?/L
kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L u/L kqmfp u/L :jLs[ltsf] nflu kqmfp k/]sf] AolQm ;lxt d'2f x]g]{
clwsf/L ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

11
-&_ pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd h?/L kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L u/L s'g} AolQm kqmfp
ePsf]df d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/Laf6 :jLs[lt k|fKt gu/L To:tf] s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt cGo
cg';Gwfg ;DaGwL sf/afxL ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .

t/ s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt ;a"b k|df0f gi6 x'g], x/fpg] jf gfl;g] ;Defjgf
ePdf kqmfp ul/Psf] JolQmsf] z/L/, lghn] k|of]u u/]sf] lrhj:t', ;jf/L ;fwg, lgh
/x] a;]sf] 3/ jf :yfgsf] tTsfn vfgtnf;L lng ;lsg]5 . To;/L vfgtnf;L
lnPsf]df To;sf] ljj/0f, vfgtnf;L k"hL{ tyf a/fdbL d'r'Nsf ;d]t ;+nUg /fvL
d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L ;dIf k]z ug{' kg]{5 .
-*_ s'g} s;"/ ePsf] avt tTsfn k|x/L pknAw gePdf s;"/ ubf{sf avt
pkl:yt ePsf] jf s;"/ ePsf] b]Vg] AolQmn] To:tf] s;"/ ug]{ AolQmnfO{ efUg jf
pDsg glbO{ lghnfO{ glhssf] k|x/L sfof{nodf a'emfpg ;Sg]5 .
-(_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -^_ adf]lhd s'g} AolQmnfO{ kqmfp ug'{ kbf{ lghnfO{ kqmfp
ug'c
{ l3 kqmfp ug'{ kg]{ sf/0f v'nfO{ ;DemfO{ a'emfO{ cfTd;dk{0f ug]{ cfb]z lbg'
kg]{5 .
-!)_ pkbkmf -(_ adf]lhd ;DemfpFbf, a'emfpFbf jf cfb]z lbFbf klg s'g}
AolQmn] cfTd;dk{0f gu/L kqmfpaf6 aRg] jf efUg] jf pDsg] k|oTg u/]df jf an
k|of]u u/L jf gu/L s'g} lsl;dn] hf]/ h'n'd u/]df jf ug{ k|oTg u/]df lghnfO{
kqmfp ug{ k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] cfjZos an k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-!!_ o; bkmf adf]lhd s'g} dlxnfnfO{ kqmfp ug'{ k/]df oyf;Dej dlxnf
k|x/Låf/f kqmg nufpg' kg]{5 .
t/ kqmfp ug'{ kg]{ cj:yfdf tTsfn dlxnf k|x/L pknAw gePdf lghsf]
OHht jf k|lti7fdf cfFr gcfpg] u/L dlxnfsf] zf/Ll/s ;+j]bglzntfsf] ;Ddfg ub}{
k'?if k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] kqmfp ug{ jfwf kg]{ 5}g .
-!@_ o; bkmf adf]lhd klqmPsf] AolQmsf] vfgtnf;L jf z/L/ tnf;L lng
;lsg]5 .

12
-!#_ o; bkmf adf]lhd kqmfp ug'{ kg]{ AolQm s'g} 3/ jf 7fpFdf a;]sf] 5
eGg] zª\sf ug'{ kg]{ dgfl;a sf/0f ePdf To:tf] 3/ jf 7fpFsf] vfgtnf;L lnO{
kqmfp ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-!$_ pkbkmf -!#_ adf]lhd vfgtnf;L lnFbf s'g} AolQm kqmfp k/]df ;f]
AolQmsf] z/L/sf] tnf;L klg lng ;lsg]5 .
-!%_ pkbkmf -!@_ jf -!#_ adf]lhd tnf;L lnFbf k]mnf k/]sf k|df0f ;DaGwL
lnvt jf b;L k|df0f jf cGo s'g} j:t' To:tf] AolQmnfO{ kqmfp ug]{ AolQm jf
cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] cfk\mgf] sAhfdf lnO{ To;sf] e/kfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .

-!^_ pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cg';"rL–! jf
cg';"rL–@ cGtu{tsf s'g} s;"/ s'g} JolQmn] s'g} k|x/L sd{rf/L jf clwsf/Lsf]
pkl:yltdf jf s'g} ;/sf/L sfof{nodf u/]df To:tf] JolQmnfO{ ;DalGwt k|x/L
sd{rf/L, clwsf/L jf sfof{no k|d'vn] efUg pDsg glbO{ lghnfO{ kqmfp u/L
;DalGwt k|x/L sfof{no jf cg';Gwfg clwsf/L ;dIf a'emfpg' kg]{5 .

-!&_ pkbkmf -*_ / -!^_ adf]lhd kqmfp u/L NofPsf] JolQmnfO{ ;DalGwt
k|x/L jf cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] h?/L kqmfp k"hL{ lbO{ pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd :jLs[ltsf]
nflu d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L ;dIf k]z ug{' kg]{5 .
!)= k|f/lDes cg';Gwfg k|ltj]bg k7fpg] M -!_ cg';"rL–! jf cg';"rL–@ df plNnlvt s'g}
s;"/sf] hfx]/L b/vf:t jf ;"rgf bkmf $ adf]lhd btf{ x'gf;fy To:tf] s;"/sf]
cg';Gwfg ug{ tf]lsPsf k|x/L sd{rf/L jf cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] t'?Gt k|f/lDes
cg';Gwfg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|f/lDes cg';Gwfg z'? u/]kl5 To:tf] k|x/L sd{rf/L
jf cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] ;f]sf] k|ltj]bg lhNnf ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{nodf tLg
lbgleq k7fpg' kg]{5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; kl/R5]bsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æk|f/lDes cg';GwfgÆ eGgfn] 36gf:yn
ljj/0f, s;"/ ePsf] :yfgsf] j:t'l:ylt d'r'Nsf, vfgtnf;L jf a/fdbL d'r'Nsf jf
Hofg d/]sf] s;"/ eP nf; hfFr d'r'Nsf tyf cGo s;"/ eP To:tf] s;"/sf] k|s[lt
cg';f/ tof/ ug'{ kg]{ k|ltj]bg, d'r'Nsf jf cGo cfjZos ljj/0fnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .


13
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg k|fKt ePkl5 ;/sf/L jlsnn]
To;sf] cWoog u/L s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt s'g} ljifodf yk cg';Gwfg ug{ cg';Gwfg
clwsf/LnfO{ cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg' kg]{ b]lvPdf To;sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ cfjZos
lgb]z
{ g lbg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd lbPsf] lgb]{zgsf] kfngf ug'{ ;DalGwt cg';Gwfg
clwsf/Lsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
!!= e|dk"0f{, e'm¶f jf sfNklgs ;"rgfnfO{ tfd]nLdf /fVg ;lsg] M -!_ cg';"rL–! jf
cg';"rL–@ df plNnlvt s'g} s;"/sf] ;DaGwdf k|fKt hfx]/L b/vf:t jf ;"rgfsf
;DaGwdf ;DalGwt AolQm jf hfx]/jfnf ;d]tnfO{ a'e\mbf To:tf] b/vf:t jf ;"rgf
e|dk"0f{, e'm¶f jf sfNklgs eO{ cg';GWffg ug{ cfjZos gePdf jf lg/y{s b]lvPdf

;DalGwt k|x/L sfof{no jf ;DalGwt cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] ;f]xL s'/f v'nfO{
;fdfGotof tLg lbgleq ;DalGwt ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{nodf k|ltj]bg k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|ltj]bg k|fKt ePkl5 ;DalGwt ;/sf/L jlsn
sfof{non] To:tf] s;"/sf] ;DaGwdf tTsfn cg';Gwfg ug{ dgfl;a cfwf/ gb]lvPdf
To;sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ yk k|df0f k|fKt x'g cfPsf avt cg';Gwfg ug{ ;lsg] u/L
tTsfn tfd]nLdf /fVg] jf jf/bftsf] k|s[lt cWoog ubf{ tTsfn cg';Gwfg ug{
pko'Qm x'g] b]v]df sf/0f v'nfO{ yk cg';GWffg ug{ cg';Gwfg clwsf/LnfO{ lgb]{zg
lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{non] cg';Gwfg ug{ lgb]{zg
lbPdf ;DalGwt cg';GWffg clwsf/Ln] To:tf] s;"/sf ;DaGwdf cg';Gwfg ug'{ kg]{5 .
!@= cg';GWffg ug{ ljz]if 6f]nL u7g ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f
n]lvPsf] eP tfklg o; =sf] cg';"rL–! jf cg';"rL–@ df plNnlvt s'g} s;"/sf]
;DaGwdf s;"/sf] uDeL/tf x]/L ;DalGwt cg';Gwfg clwsf/Laf6 dfq cg';Gwfg x'g
g;Sg] eO{ 5'6}[ cg';Gwfg 6f]nL u7g ug{ pko'Qm x'g] s'/f cg';Gwfg clwsf/Lsf]
tfn'sjfnf clwsf/L jf k|x/L dxflg/LIfsnfO{ nfu]df lghn] cfkm" dftxtsf
sd{rf/Lx? ;+nUg /xg] u/L cg';Gwfg 6f]nL u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .

14
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cfkm" dftxtsf sd{rf/L
afx]ssf cGo AolQm ;d]t ;+nUg /x]sf] cg';Gwfg 6f]nL u7g ug'{ k/]df To:tf]
cg';Gwfg clwsf/Lsf] tfn'sjfnf clwsf/L jf k|x/L dxflg/LIfsn] To; ;DaGwdf
dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] k/fdz{ lnO{ ljz]if1 ;d]t /x]sf] cg';GWffg 6f]nL u7g u/L
cg';Gwfg u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd cg';GWffg 6f]nL u7g ePdf To:tf] 6f]nLn]
o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd cg';Gwfg clwsf/LnfO{ ePsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L cg';Gwfg
ug]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd cg';Gwfg 6f]nL u7g ePsf]df ;DalGwt
cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] u/]sf] cg';Gwfg ;DaGwL ljj/0f To:tf] 6f]nLnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug'{
kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd u7g ePsf] cg';Gwfg 6f]nLn] cg';Gwfg u/L
cfk\mgf] k|ltj]bg ;DalGwt ;/sf/L jlsn ;dIf k]z u/L To;sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt

k|x/L sfof{no jf cg';Gwfg ug{ clwsf/k|fKt sfof{no jf clwsf/LnfO{ ;d]t lbg'
kg]{5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd k|ltj]bg k|fKt ePkl5 ;/sf/L jlsnn] s;"/;Fu
;DalGwt s'g} ljifodf yk cg';Gwfg ug{ cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg'kg]{ b]lvPdf ;f]sf]
sf/0f v'nfO{ cg';Gwfg 6f]nLnfO{ cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd ;/sf/L jlsnn] lbPsf] lgb]{zg kfngf ug'{ ;DalGwt
cg';Gwfg 6f]nLsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
!#= lx/f;tdf /fVg]] M -!_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd kqmfp ePsf] AolQmnfO{ lx/f;tdf /fVg'
kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lx/f;tdf /fVbf To:tf] AolQmnfO{ kqmfp ul/Psf]
7fpF pNn]v u/L lx/f;tdf /fVg'kg]{ sf/0f ;lxtsf] cg';"rL–!) adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf
y'g'jf k"hL{ lbP/ dfq lx/f;tdf /fVg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} AolQmnfO{ lx/f;tdf /flvPsf]df lghsf] gfd,
y/, pd]/, 6f]n ;lxtsf] 7]ufgf, afa', cfdfsf] gfd, lghsf] gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq jf

15
lghsf] klxrfg v'Ng] cGo kl/rokq eP To:tf] k|df0fkq jf kl/rokq / geP ;jf/L
rfns Ohfhtkq, /fxbfgL, lghsf] 6]lnkmf]g eP 6]lnkmf]g gDa/ nufot lghsf]
jf:tljs kl/ro v'Ng] o:t} sfuhftsf] k|ltlnlk ;d]t lnO{ lghsf] clen]v tof/
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] cfjZostf cg';f/
lghsf] t:jL/ / b'j} xftsf] xTs]nf ;lxtsf] cf}F7f 5fk ;d]t lng ;Sg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd clen]v tof/ ePkl5 ;DalGwt k|x/L sfof{no jf
cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] To:tf] clen]vsf] cfwf/df lx/f;tdf /x]sf] AolQmn] hfgsf/L
lbg cg'/f]w u/]sf] AolQmnfO{ lgh lx/f;tdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 .
-^_ o; bkmf adf]lhd kqmfp ul/Psf] AolQmn] sfg"g Joj;foL;Fu ;Nnfx lng
rfx]df cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] lghnfO{ To:tf] sfg"g Joj;foL;Fu ;Nnfx lng lbg'
kg]{5 .
!$= cg';Gwfgsf] nflu lx/f;tdf /fVg ;lsg] cjlw / tT;DaGwL sfo{ljlwM -!_ s'g}
AolQmnfO{ s;"/sf] cg';Gwfgsf] nflu o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd kqmfp u/]kl5 rf}aL;
306fleq hlt;Sbf] rfF8f] d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L ;dIf pkl:yt u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ ljk/Lt x'g] u/L s;}nfO{ lx/f;tdf /fVg ;lsg] 5}g .
-#_ s'g} AolQmnfO{ pkbkmf -!_ df n]lvPsf] DofbeGbf a9L lx/f;tdf /fVg'
k/]df cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] To;sf] cfwf/ / sf/0f v'nfO{ ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{no
dfkm{t d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L ;dIf cg'dltsf] nflu lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu rf}aL; 306fsf] cjlwleq kqmfp k/]sf]
AolQmnfO{ d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L ;dIf pkl:yt u/fpgsf] nflu kqmfp ul/Psf] 7fpFaf6

k|x/L sfof{no jf cg';Gwfg ug{ clwsf/ k|fKt sfof{nodf Nofpg jf 
k|x/L
sfof{no jf cg';Gwfg ug{ clwsf/ k|fKt sfof{noaf6 cbfntdf k'¥ofpg af6f]df
nfUg] cjlwnfO{ u0fgf ul/g] 5}g .
-$_ cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L ;dIf pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd
lgj]bg lbFbf lx/f;tdf /x]sf] AolQm pk/ nfu]sf] cleof]u, To;sf] cfwf/, lghnfO{

16
lx/f;tdf /fvL cg';Gwfg ug'{ kg]{ sf/0f / lghsf] aofg eO;s]sf] eP aofg sfuh
cg';f/sf] Joxf]/f :ki6 ?kdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd lx/f;tdf /fVg] cg'dltsf] nflu pkl:yt u/fOPsf]
AolQmn] rfx]df cfk\mgf] zf/Ll/s hfFr u/L kfpgsf nflu d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L ;dIf
lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-^_ cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] s'g} AolQmnfO{ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd lx/f;tdf /fVg]
cg'dlt dfu u/]sf]df d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/Ln] ;DalGwt sfuhftx? x]/L cg';Gwfg
;Gtf]ifhgs ?kdf ePsf] jf gePsf] ljrf/ u/L, cfjZos b]lvP ;DalGwt sfg"g
Joj;foLsf] ax; ;d]t ;'gL cg';Gwfgsf] nflu lx/f;tdf /fvL /fVg cfjZos ePsf]
b]lvPdf Ps} k6s jf k6sk6s u/L a9Ldf kRrL; lbg;Dd lx/f;tdf /fVg] cfb]z
lbg ;Sg]5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -^_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cg';"rL–! cGtu{tsf]
s;"/dWo] /fi6«klt pk/sf] cfqmd0f, hf;";L, ;}lgs e8\sfpg], g]kfn /fHo lj?4 o'4
ug]{ jf g]kfn;Fu o'4df ;+nUg /fHosf ;]gfnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ jf lj:kmf]6s kbfy{,
ckx/0f / z/L/ aGws ;DaGwL s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd lbPsf]
;dofjlwleq k"/f x'g g;Sg] eGg] sf/0f ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg cg';Gwfg ug]{ clwsf/L
tyf ;+o'Qm ?kdf d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L ;dIf k]z ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ .
-*_ pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bg k]z x'g cfPdf cg';Gwfgsf] l:ylt x]/L
d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/Ln] Ps} k6s jf k6sk6s u/L a9Ldf yk kGw| lbg;Dd lx/f;tdf
/fVg] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
t/ s'g} klg cleof]u nfu]sf] AolQmnfO{ To:tf] cleof]u 7x/ ePdf lghnfO{
x'g ;Sg] s}bsf] cjlweGbf a9L lx/f;tdf /fVg ;lsg] 5}g .
-(_ pkbkmf -^_ jf -*_ adf]lhd d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/Ln] lx/f;tdf /fVg] cfb]z
lbFbf sf/0f ;lxtsf] krf{ v8f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!)_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;ft dlxgfeGbf a9L
cjlwsf] ue{jtL dlxnf, afnaflnsf / krxQ/ jif{ gf3]sf] AolQmnfO{ s;"/sf] k|s[lt
x]/L cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] y'gfdf g/fvL cg';Gwfg ug{ dgfl;a b]v]df ;f]sf] sf/0f
v'nfO{ krf{ v8f u/L tfl/vdf /fvL cg';Gwfg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
17
!%= lx/f;tdf /x]sf] AolQmnfO{ cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] 5f8\g ;Sg] M -!_ o; ;+lxtf
adf]lhd cg';Gwfgsf] l;nl;nfdf lx/f;tdf /x]sf] s'g} AolQmnfO{ lx/f;tdf /flv/xg'
cfjZos jf pko'Qm gb]lvPdf cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] ;/sf/L jlsnsf] ;xdlt lnO{
jf tTsfn To:tf] ;xdlt lng ;lsg] cj:yf gePdf sf/0f ;lxtsf] krf{ v8f u/L]
To:tf] AolQmaf6 w/f}6 jf hdfgt lnO{ jf lghnfO{ s'g} dfyj/ AolQmsf] lhDdfdf
xflh/ hdfgLdf 5f8\g jf tfl/vdf /fVg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd w/f}6 jf hdfgLdf 5f8\bf jf tfl/vdf /fVbf To;/L
5f]l8Psf] jf tfl/vdf /flvPsf] AolQm pk/ d'2f rnfpg] ePdf To:tf] cj:yfdf lgh
pkl:yt x'g] u/L lghsf] sfuh u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd xflh/ hdfgL lbg] AolQmn] xflh/ hdfgLdf 5f]l8Psf]
AolQmnfO{ cg';Gwfg clwsf/L jf ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{non] tf]s]sf] ;dodf pkl:yt
u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd tf]s]sf] ;dodf To:tf] dflg; pkl:yt gu/fPdf

xflh/ hdfgL lbg] AolQmnfO{ cg';Gwfg ug]{ clwsf/Ln] krf; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd
hl/afgf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd tfl/vdf /fvL cg';Gwfg u/]sf]df cg';Gwfg
clwsf/Ln] To;sf] hfgsf/L ;/sf/L jlsn / dflyNnf] k|x/L sfof{nonfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
!^= aofg lng] / ;f]wk"5 ug]{ M -!_ cg';"rL–! jf cg';"rL–@ cGtu{tsf s;"/sf] ;DaGwdf
cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] ;/sf/L jlsn ;dIf cleo'Qmsf] aofg lng]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd aofg lnFbf s;"/sf] ;DaGwdf v'nfpg' kg]{ cfjZos
s'/f ;f]Wg] clwsf/ ;/sf/L jlsnnfO{ x'g]5 .
-#_ cg';"rL–! jf cg';"rL–@ cGtu{tsf s'g} s;"/sf] ;DaGwdf s'g} dxTjk"0f{
s'/f yfxf 5 eGg] ljZjf; ug'{ kg]{ dgfl;a sf/0f ePsf] AolQm;Fu cg';Gwfg
clwsf/Ln] cfjZos ;f]wk'5 ug{ ;Sg]5 .
t/ afnaflnsf jf zf/Ll/s ?kdf c;dy{ ePsf] AolQm;Fu ;f]wk'5 ug'{ k/]df
lgh /x] a;]s} 7fpFdf g} uO{ ;f]wk'5 ug{ ;lsg]5 .

18
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æzf/Ll/s ?kdf c;dy{Æ eGgfn] lxF88'n

ug{ g;Sg], b[li6ljxLg, j[4 cj:yf h:tf zf/Ll/s ?kdf c;dy{ AolQmnfO{ ;Demg'
k5{ .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ;f]wk'5 u/]sf]df cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] To;/L
;f]wk'5 u/]sf] s'/f cg';"rL–!! adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf n]va4 u/L ;DalGwt ldl;ndf
/fVg' kg]{5 .
-%_ o; bkmf adf]lhd afnaflnsf jf zf/Ll/s ?kdf c;dy{ AolQmaf6 s'g}
sfuh u/fpg' kg]{ ePdf lghsf] ;+/Ifs jf pknAw cGo AolQmsf] /f]xj/df u/fpg'
kg]{5 .
-^_ o; bkmf adf]lhd aofg jf ;f]wk'5 ug{' kg]{ s'g} AolQm zf/Ll/s
c:j:ytfsf] sf/0fn] cg';Gwfg clwsf/L ;dIf pkl:yt x'g g;Sg] ePdf jf To:tf]
AolQmsf] ;'/Iffsf] sf/0fn] lghnfO{ To:tf] clwsf/L ;dIf pkl:yt u/fpg pko'Qm
gb]lvPdf cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] >Jo b[io ;Djfb -lel8of] sGkm/]G;_ sf] dfWodaf6
To:tf] AolQm;Fu aofg lng jf ;f]wk'5 ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd aofg lnPsf] jf ;f]wk'5 u/]sf]df cg';GWffg
clwsf/Ln] ;f]sf] clen]v /fVg] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .
!&= ;f]lwPsf] k|Zgsf] hjfkm lbg' kg]{ M cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd s'g}
s;"/sf] ;DaGwdf cg';Gwfg ubf{ ;f]w]sf] k|Zgsf] hfg] ;Ddsf] hjfkm lbO{ ;DalGwt
AolQmn] cg';Gwfgdf ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/ cfk"m pk/ s'g} s;"/sf] cleof]u nfUg ;Sg] lsl;dsf] hjfkm lbg s'g}
AolQmnfO{ s/ nfUg] 5}g .
!*= vfgtnf;L ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ cg';"rL–! jf cg';"rL–@ cGtu{tsf] s'g} s;"/sf]
cg';Gwfg ubf{ To:tf] s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt s'g} lnvt, b;L k|df0f, cleo'Qm jf cGo
s'g} AolQm s'g} 7fpFdf 5 eGg] s'/f zÍf ug'{ kg]{ dgfl;a sf/0f ePdf cg';GWffg
clwsf/Ln] To:tf] AolQm jf 7fpFsf] vfgtnf;L lng / To:tf] lnvt jf b;L k|df0f
a/fdb ug{ ;Sg]5 .
19
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd vfgtnf;L lng'cl3 vfgtnf;L ug]{ 3/df tTsfn
a;f]af; ul//x]sf] AolQmnfO{ vfgtnf;L lng' kgf{sf] sf/0f ;lxtsf] lnlvt ;"rgf
cg';"rL–!@ adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd vfgtnf;L lnFbf cg';"rL–!# adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf
d'r'Nsf v8f u/L vfgtnf;L lng' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd vfgtnf;L ug{ To:tf] 7fpFdf k|j]z ug{'cl3
cg';GWffg clwsf/Ln] ;DalGwt 3/wgL jf AolQmnfO{ cfk\mgf] ;d]t tnf;L lbg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd vfgtnf;L ubf{ dlxnf dfq /xg] jf a:g] u/]sf] 3/
sf]7fsf] vfgtnf;L lng' k/]df ;Dej eP;Dd cGo dlxnfnfO{ ;d]t ;fydf lnO{
3/leq k|j]z u/L vfgtnf;L lng' kg]{5 .
t/ s'g} dlxnfsf] z/L/sf] tnf;L lng' kbf{ dlxnf k|x/L jf To:tf] dlxnf k|x/L
tTsfn pknAw gePdf cGo s'g} dlxnfåf/f tnf;L lng nufpg ;lsg]5 .
-^_ vfgtnf;L lnFbf k|fKt ePsf] s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt j:t'sf] ljj/0f, To:tf
j:t' kfOPsf] 7fpF / cj:yf v'nfO{ vfgtnf;L lng] sd{rf/Ln] b'O{ k|lt d'r'Nsf tof/
u/L Ps k|lt ;DalGwt AolQmnfO{ lbO{ Ps k|lt ldl;ndf ;fd]n /fVg' kg]{5 .
-&_ vfgtnf;L lng' kg]{ AolQm jf 7fpF cGo k|x/L sfof{nosf] If]qleq kg]{
ePdf cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln]] To:tf] k|x/L sfof{no ;dIf To:tf] AolQm jf 7fpFsf]
vfgtnf;L lng lnlvt cg'/f]w ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-*_ pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd cg'/f]w ePsf]df To:tf] k|x/L sfof{nosf] sDtLdf

k|x/L gfoa lg/LIfsn] To:tf] AolQm jf 7fpFsf] vfgtnf;L lnO{ pkbkmf -#_
adf]lhdsf] d'r'Nsf tof/ u/L To;/L cg'/f]w ug]{ clwsf/L ;dIf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-(_ pkbkmf -&_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg To:tf] k|x/L sfof{nodf
lnlvt cg'/f]w ubf{ s'g} k|df0f nf]k jf gf; x'g] ;Defjgf 5 eGg] nfu]df cg';Gwfg
clwsf/L cfkF}m vfgtnf;L lng' kg]{ AolQm ePsf] 7fpF jf :yfgdf uO{ o; bkmf
adf]lhd vfgtnf;L lng ;Sg]5 / To;sf] ;"rgf ;DalGwt sfof{no jf k|x/L
sfof{nonfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .

20
-!)_ o; bkmf adf]lhd vfgtnf;L lng] clwsf/Ln] vfgtnf;Laf6 k|fKt

s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt s'g} j:t' cfk\mgf] ;fydf n}hfg rfx]df ;DalGwt AolQmnfO{ To;sf]
e/kfO{ lbP/ dfq n}hfg' kg]{5 .
-!!_ s'g} 7fpFsf] tTsfn vfgtnf;L glnPdf s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt b;L k|df0f
nf]k jf gf; x'g ;Sg] jf zª\sf:kb AolQm efUg jf pDsg ;Sg] ljZjf; ug'{ kg]{
dgfl;a sf/0f ePsf]df afx]s s;}sf] 3/sf] tnf;L lng' k/]df ;"of]{bob]lv ;"of{:t
x'g'cl3;Ddsf] ;doleq lng'' kg]{5 .
-!@_ o; bkmf adf]lhd vfgtnf;L lng] clwsf/L vfgtnf;L lng s'g} 3/ jf
s'g} 7fpFdf k|j]z ubf{ ;f] 3/ jf 7fpFsf] :jfldTj ePsf] jf To:tf] 3/ jf 7fpFsf]
x]/ljrf/ ug]{ lhDdf lnPsf] jf tTsfn a;f]af; ul//x]sf] AolQmn] lghnfO{ To:tf] 3/
jf 7fpFdf k|j]z ug{ lbg' kg]{5 / To;/L k|j]z ug{ glbPdf vfgtnf;L lng] clwsf/Ln]
;f] 3/ jf 7fpFsf] e\mofn, 9f]sf, 5fgf, leQf OToflbdWo] k|j]z ug{ cfjZos x'g];Dd
eTsfO{ jf k'm6fO{ jf tfNrf nufPsf]df tfNrf ;d]t kmf]8L ;s];Dd sd xflg,
gf]S;fgL x'g] u/L leq k|j]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-!#_ s'g} 3/ jf 7fpFsf] o; bkmf adf]lhd vfgtnf;L lnO;s]kl5 vfgtnf;L
lng leq uPsf] AolQm aflx/ lg:sg vf]Hbf s'g} sf/0fjz ;fwf/0f ?kdf aflx/
lg:sg g;s]df lghn] To:tf] 3/ jf 7fpFsf] e\mofn, 9f]sf, 5fgf, leQf OToflbdWo]
aflx/ lg:sg cfjZos kg]{ s'g} 7fpF ;s];Dd sd xflg, gf]S;fgL x'g] u/L eTsfO{ jf
k'm6fO{ aflx/ lg:sg ;Sg]5 .
-!$_ vfgtnf;L ug]{ clwsf/L / vfgtnf;Lsf] sfddf lghnfO{ d2t ug{
vl6Psf cGo sd{rf/L tyf bkmf !^ sf] pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd /f]xj/df /x]sf
AolQmx?n] cfk"mn] nufPsf] n'uf / vfgtnf;Lsf] sfddf pkof]u ul/g] j:t' afx]s c?
s'g} j:t' ;fydf /fVg kfOg] 5}g / ;DalGwt AolQmn] rfx]df vfgtnf;Lsf] sfd z'?
x'ge
' Gbf klxn] g} To:tf] s'g} clwsf/L, sd{rf/L jf /f]xa/df /xg] AolQmsf] z/L/sf]
tnf;L lng ;Sg]5 .
-!%_ o; bkmf adf]lhd s'g} AolQm, 3/ jf 7fpFsf] vfgtnf;L lng kfpg]
clwsf/Ln] vfgtnf;L lng'cl3 ;DalGwt 3/ wgL, 7fpF wgL jf AolQmnfO{ lgh
vfgtnf;L lng kfpg] clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/L ePsf] kl/ro kq b]vfpg' kg]{5 .
21
!(= d'r'Nsf v8f ubf{ /f]xj/df /fVg' kg]{ M -!_ s'g} s;"/ ePsf]df cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln]
To:tf] s;"/sf] jf/bftsf] jf:tljs / oyfy{ tYo lrq0f x'g] u/L 36gf:yn d'r'Nsf
tof/ ubf{ bkmf * sf] pkbkmf -@_, -#_ / -$_ adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd 36gf:yn d'r'Nsf tof/ ubf{ jf s'g} AolQm jf j:t'
jf 7fpFsf] vfgtnf;L lnFbf jf Hofg d/]sf] s;"/ ePsf]df nfz hfFr ubf{ jf cGo
s'g} s;"/ ePsf]df To:tf] s;"/sf] k|s[lt cg';f/ cfjZos d'r'Nsf v8f ubf{ To:tf]
7fpFdf tTsfn pknAw sDtLdf b'O{ hgf :yfgLo AolQm / :yfgLo txsf Ps hgf
;b:o jf To:tf] ;b:o pknAw geP s'g} ;/sf/L sfof{nosf] Ps hgf sd{rf/L eP
lghnfO{ / k]mnf k/];Ddsf cleo'Qm / s;"/sf] ;"rgf lbg] AolQmnfO{ ;d]t /f]xj/df
/fVg' kg]{5 .
t/ cleo'Qm jf s;"/sf] ;"rgf lbg] AolQm /f]xj/df g/fv]sf] sf/0fn] dfq
To:tf] 36gf:yn d'r'Nsf j]l/tsf] ePsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-#_ s'g} AolQmsf] :jfldTj jf lhDdfdf /x]sf] s'g} 7fpFsf] vfgtnf;L lnFbf
pknAw eP;Dd To:tf] AolQmnfO{ ;d]t /f]xj/df /fVg' kg]{5 .
@)= nfz hfFr ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ s'g} AolQm s;}sf] st{Joaf6 jf s'g} b'3{6gf eO{ jf
cfTdxTof u/L] jf c:jefljs ?kdf jf cGo s'g} zª\sf:kb l:yltdf d/]sf] hfgsf/L
k|fKt ePdf cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] t'?Gt nfz /x]sf] 7fpFdf uO{ nfz hfFr ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd nfz hfFr ubf{ oyf;Dej lgDglnlvt s'/fx? ;d]t
v'nfO{ cg';"rL–!$ adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf d'r'Nsf tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 / nfzsf] jf:tljs
oyfy{ lrq0f x'g] u/L nfz / ;DalGwt 7fpFsf] tl:a/ ;d]t lvRg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ nfzsf] kl/rofTds ljj/0f,
-v_ nfz /x]sf] 7fpF / nfzsf] cj:yf,
-u_ nfzdf s'g} 3fp, rf]6, gLn jf 8fd b]lvPdf To:tf] 3fp, rf]6,
gLn jf 8fd b]lvPsf] 7fpF, To;sf] ;ª\Vof, nDjfO, rf}8fO,
ulx/fO ;lxtsf] k|To]s 3fp, rf]6, gLn jf 8fdsf] ljj/0f,
-3_ v08 -u_ df pNn]v ePsf] afx]s d[To';Fu ;DalGwt ;fwg /
nfzdf b]vf k/]sf] tt\;DaGwL ljj/0f,
22
-ª_ d[To'sf] sf/0f yfxf kfpg ;xfotf x'g] nfzdf b]lvPsf] cGo
s'g} nIf0f,
-r_ cGo pNn]vgLo s'g} s'/f eP ;f]sf] ljj/0f .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd nfz hfFr u/L ;DalGwt cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] To:tf]
nfznfO{ zj k/LIf0fsf] lgldQ ;/sf/L lrlsT;s jf g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf ljz]if1
jf Ohfht k|fKt lrlsT;s ;dIf ;/sf/L vr{df k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd zj k/LIf0f ubf{ nfUg] cfjZos vr{ g]kfn ;/sf/n]
;DalGwt k|x/L sfof{nonfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ul/Psf] zj k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg cg';"rL–!%
adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pkbkmf
-@_ adf]lhd nfz hfFr d'r'Nsf eO;s]kl5 To:tf] nfz hfFraf6 s'g} s;"/sf]
kl/0ffd:j?k jf zª\sf:kb l:yltdf d[To' ePsf] b]lvg gcfO{ To:tf] nfzsf] zj
k/LIf0f u/fpg cfjZos gkg]{ 7x¥ofPdf cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] To;sf] sf/0f v'nfO{
:yfgLo eb| enfbdLsf] /f]xj/df krf{ v8f u/L ldl;n ;+nUg /fVg' kg{]5 .
-&_ nfz ;8L unL k/LIf0f ug{ g;lsg] cj:yfsf] ePdf jf b]lvPdf ;DalGwt
cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] To:tf] s'/f v'nfO{ :yfgLo eb| enfb\dLsf] /f]xj/df d'r'Nsf v8f
u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
t/ nfz ;8] un] jf zj k/LIf0f x'g g;Sg] eP tfklg nfz jf To;sf] s'g}
c+zsf] cGo k/LIf0faf6 d[To'sf] sf/0f kQf nufpg ;lsg] cj:yf ePdf cGo
j}1flgs k/LIf0f u/fpg ;lsg]5 .
-*_ nfzsf] zj k/LIf0f eO;s]kl5 jf pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd krf{ v8f ePkl5
;DalGwt k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] ;DalGwt d[tssf] xsjfnfnfO{ e/kfO{ u/fO{ nfz a'emfpg'
kg]{5 .
-(_ pkbkmf -*_ adf]lhd xsjfnfn] nfz a'emL glnPdf jf s'g} xsjfnf
pkl:yt gePdf jf xsjfnf g} olsg gePdf ;DalGwt k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] ;/sf/L
vr{df nfzsf] ;but u/fpg' kg]{5 .
23
-!)_ zj k/LIf0f jf nfz hfFr ubf{ jf cGo s'g} ;j'b k|df0f ;Íng ubf{
cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] s;"/sf] uDeL/tf x]/L ;DalGwt ljz]if1 ;fydf n}hfg pko'Qm
7x¥ofPdf To:tf] ljz]if1nfO{ ;fydf lnO{ hfg ;Sg]5 .
-!!_ o; bkmf adf]lhd zj k/LIf0f ug]{ ljz]if1 jf lrlsT;snfO{ s'g}
AolQmsf] d[To'sf] jf:tljs sf/0f kQf nufpg jf s;"/sf] cGo s'g} s'/f cg';Gwfg
ug{ PseGbf a9L ljz]if1x?sf] 6f]nLaf6 zj k/LIf0f u/fpg kg]{ eGg] nfu]df jf
cg';Gwfg clwsf/LnfO{ s'g} AolQmsf] d[To'sf] sf/0fsf ;DaGwdf ljz]if1x?sf]
6f]nLaf6 zj k/LIf0f u/fpg pko'Qm x'G5 eGg] nfu]df To:tf] 6f]nLaf6 zj k/LIf0f
u/fpg ;lsg]5 .
@!= ef}lts k|df0f k/LIf0f ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ s'g} s;"/sf] k|s[ltaf6 ;DalGwt AolQmsf] /ut,
jLo{, /f}F jf z/L/sf] cGo s'g} cË, xft xltof/ jf rLh j:t' jf l8=Pg=P= jf cGo
s'g} s'/f k/LIf0f ubf{ s;"/bf/ kQf nufpg s;"/ ;DaGwL k|df0f pknAw x'g ;Sb5
eGg] nfu]df cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] ;/sf/L lrlsT;s jf dfGotf k|fKt k|of]uzfnfdf
To:tf] /ut, jLo{, /f}F jf zl//sf] s'g} cË, xftxltof/ jf rLh j:t' jf l8=Pg=P= jf
ljB'tLo :j?kdf /x]sf] ;fdu|L jf cGo s'g} ef}lts k|df0f k/LIf0f u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
t/ s'g} dlxnfsf] zf/Ll/s cË hfFr ug'{ k/]df kfP;Dd dlxnf lrlsT;såf/f
/ To:tf] lrlsT;s pknAw gePdf dlxnfsf] /f]xj/df k'?if lrlsT;saf6 u/fpg'
kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k/LIf0f ug{ cfjZos kg]{ /ut, jLo{, /f}+ jf cË,
xftxltof/ jf j:t'sf] gd"gf -:ofDkn_ pknAw u/fpg cg';Gwfg clwsf/LnfO{
;DalGwt AolQmn] ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ePsf] k/LIf0fsf] k|ltj]bg ;DalGwt lrlsT;s jf
k|of]uzfnfn] tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
@@= 3f hfFr u/fpg' kg]{ M -!_ s'6lk6sf] sf/0faf6 s'g} jf/bft eO{ 3f, rf]6, gLn jf
8fd, OToflb ePsf]df ;f] hfFrL kfpF egL ;DalGwt AolQmn] lgj]bg lbPdf jf
cg';Gwfg clwsf/Laf6 n]vL cfPdf ;/sf/L lrlsT;s jf :jf:YosdL{n] lghsf] 3fp,

24
rf]6k6s, gLn jf 8fd hfFrL cg';"rL–!^ adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf 3f hfFr s]z u/L lbg'
kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df n]lvP afx]s cg';Gwfgsf] l;nl;nfdf lx/f;tdf /flvPsf]
AolQmnfO{ s'6lk6 ul/Psf], oftgf lbPsf] jf lghsf] lj?4 c? s'g} s;"/ ePsf] k|df0f
lghsf] zf/Ll/s hfFraf6 pknAw x'g ;Sg] dgfl;a cfwf/ b]vfO{ lgh jf lghsf]
tkm{af6 c? s;}n] lgj]bg lbPdf cbfntn] ;/sf/L lrlsT;s jf g]kfn ;/sf/n]
tf]s]sf] lrlsT;s jf :jf:YosdL{af6 To:tf] AolQmsf] zf/Ll/s hfFr u/fpg cfb]z
lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd zf/Ll/s hfFr ubf{ ;d]t pkbkmf -!_ df pNn]lvt
3f hfFr u/L lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ bkmf @), @! / o; bkmf adf]lhd ePsf] k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg To:tf] k/LIf0f
ePsf] ldltn] af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s a9Ldf tLg lbgleq ;DalGwt lrlsT;s, ljz]if1
jf k|of]uzfnfn] ;DalGwt sfof{no jf cg';Gwfg clwsf/LnfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lx/f;tdf lnPsf] AolQmnfO{ s'6lk6 u/]sf] jf
lghnfO{ oftgf lbPsf] b]lvPdf To;/L s'6lk6 ul/Psf] jf oftgf kfPsf] AolQmsf]
pkrf/ u/fO{ lghnfO{ cGtl/d /fxt pknAw u/fpg / To;/L s'6lk6 ug]{ jf oftgf

lbg] AolQmnfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd ljefuLo sf/afxL ug{ cbfntn] ;DalGwt k|x/L
sfof{no jf cg';Gwfg ug]{ clwsf/k|fKt sfof{no jf clwsf/LnfO{ cfb]z lbg' kg]{5 .

-^_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] 3f hfFr ug{ ;/sf/L
lrlsT;s jf :jf:ysdL{nfO{ n]vL gk7fPdf To;sf] Joxf]/f pNn]v u/L ;/f]sf/jfnf
JolQmn] cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 / To;/L lgj]bg k/]df cbfntn] 3f hfFrsf]
nflu ;/sf/L lrlsT;s jf :jf:YosdL{nfO{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
@#= ljz]if1sf] /fo lng ;lsg] M -!_ cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln]] cg';Gwfgsf] ;Gbe{df cfjZos
7fg]df s'g} ljz]if1nfO{ ;fydf n}hfg jf ck/fw;Fu ;DalGwt s'g} s'/fsf] ;DaGwdf
ljz]if1sf] /fo lng ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd /fo dfu ePdf To:tf] /fo pknAw u/fpg' ;DalGwt
ljz]if1sf] st{Jo x'g]5 .


25
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd pknAw ePsf] ljz]if1sf] /fo ldl;n ;fy /fVg'
kg]{5 .
-$_ o; bkmf adf]lhdsf] ljz]if1 AolQm u}/;/sf/L AolQm eP lghsf] ;]jf
lnFbf nfUg] /sd g]kfn ;/sf/n] pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln]
s'g} d'2fsf] ;Dj]bglzntf jf hl6ntfsf] sf/0faf6 To:tf] d'2fdf d]l8sn af]8{ jf
cGo s'g} ljz]if1x?sf] af]8{af6 /fo lng pko'Qm 7fgL l;kmfl/; u/]df g]kfn ;/sf/n]
To:tf] af]8{ u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd af]8{ u7g ePsf]df To:tf] af]8{n] ;f] ;DAfGwdf /fo
lbg' kg]{5 .
@$= ;gfvt u/fpg' kg]{ M -!_ s'g} d'2fdf s'g} AolQmsf] ;gfvt u/fpg' kg]{ ePdf sDtLdf
k|x/L gfoa lg/LIfs bhf{sf] k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] ;gfvt u/fpg' kg]{5 .
t/ ;gfvt gu/fPs} sf/0faf6 dfq d'2fsf] sfd sf/afxLdf s'g} tflTjs c;/
kg]{ 5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;gfvt u/fpFbf ;gfvt ug'{ kg]{ AolQmnfO{ b]Vg /
x]g{ gkfpg] 7fpFdf /fVg' kg]{5 / To:tf] AolQm;Fu ldNbfh'Nbf] pd]/, j0f{ jf zf/Ll/s
:j?k ePsf] sDtLdf rf/ hgf AolQmnfO{ ;Dej eP;Dd Ps} lsl;dsf] klx/g u/fO{
lghx?;Fu ;gfvt ug'{ kg]{ AolQmnfO{ /fvL ;gfvt ug]{ k|To]s AolQmnfO{ 5'§f5'§}
;gfvt u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ ;gfvtsf] 9fFrf cg';"rL–!& df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;gfvt u/fpFbf ;gfvt ug]{ AolQmn] klxrfg ug{
;s] jf g;s]sf] Joxf]/f n]vL ldl;n ;fd]n /fVg' kg]{5 .
-%_ d'2f;Fu ;DalGwt b;L jf rLh j:t'nfO{ k|x/L gfoa lg/LIfs bhf{sf] k|x/L
sd{rf/Ln] ;gfvt d'r'Nsf v8f u/L ;gfvt u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
 
@%= cg';Gwfg 8fo/L /fVg' kg]{ M -!_ o; kl/R5]b cGtu{t cg';Gwfg ug]{ k|x/L
clws[t jf cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] cg';Gwfgsf] ;DaGwdf cfk"mn] u/]sf] k|To]s sfd

26

sf/afxL tTsfn} clen]v ug{sf] nflu cg';"rL–!* adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf cg';Gwfg
8fo/L v8f ug'{ kg]{5 .

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd v8f u/]sf] 8fo/Ldf To:tf] k|x/L clws[t jf
cg';Gwfg clwsf/Lnn] b]xfosf s'/fsf] clen]v /fVg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ s;"/sf] ;"rgf kfPsf] ldlt, ;do / ;f]sf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0f,
-v_ cg';Gwfgsf] l;nl;nfdf lghn] u/]sf] sfd, sf/afxL,
-u_ cg';Gwfgsf] l;nl;nfdf lghn] e|d0f u/]sf] 7fpF,
-3_ cg';Gwfgsf] l;nl;nfdf k|fKt b;L, k|df0f / cGo cfjZos
s'/f,
-ª_ cg';Gwfgsf] l;nl;nfdf s;}nfO{ kqmfp ul/Psf] eP To;sf]
ljj/0f,
-r_ cg';Gwfgsf] l;nl;nfdf cfk"mn] ;f]wk'5 u/]sf dflg;sf] gfd,
7]ufgf / lghn] s;"/sf] ;DaGwdf atfPsf] s'/f,
-5_ kqmfp k/]sf jf a'lemPsf dflg;sf] :jefj,
-h_ cg';Gwfgsf] l;nl;nfdf k|fKt cGo ;Da4 tYo jf hfgsf/L .

-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ========= v8f u/]sf] 8fo/L cfjZostf cg';f/
;/sf/L jlsn jf cbfntn] lemsfO{ x]g{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd v8f u/]sf] 8fo/Ldf plNnlvt ljifoj:t'sf
;DaGwdf ;DalGwt cg';Gwfg clwsf/LeGbf dflyNnf] txsf] clwsf/Ln] rfx]df
lg/LIf0f u/L cg';Gwfgsf ;Gbe{df cfjZos lgb]{zg ;d]t lbg ;Sg]5 .
@^= cg';Gwfg ;DaGwdf /fo, ;Nnfx dfu ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd cg';Gwfg
ubf{ ;DalGwt cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] s'g} ljifodf ;/sf/L jlsnsf] /fo, ;Nnfx dfu
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd /fo, ;Nnfx dfu ePsf]df ;DalGwt ;/sf/L jlsnn]
cfk\mgf] /fo jf ;Nnfx lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd /fo, ;Nnfx lbFbf cg';Gwfgsf] ;dodf s'g} ljifodf
yk cg';Gwfg ug{ jf yk k|df0f ;Íng ug{ jf s'g} b;L k|df0f a/fdb ug{ jf

27
s;};Fu s]xL s'/f a'e\mg' cfjZos 5 eGg] nfu]df ;/sf/L jlsnn] To:tf] adf]lhd ug{
jf u/.pg ;DalGwt cg';Gwfg clwsf/LnfO{ lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd lbPsf] lgb]{zg kfngf ug'{ ;DalGwt cg';Gwfg
clwsf/Lsf] st{Ao x'g]5 .
@&= cg';Gwfgsf] ;Gbe{df dxfGofoflwjQmfn] cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg] M -!_ g]kfn
;/sf/af6 bfo/ x'g] s'g} kmf}hbf/L d'2fdf eO{ /x]sf] cg';Gwfgsf] af/]
dxfGofoflwjQmfn] cfjZos hfgsf/L lng ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd hfgsf/L lnFbf g]kfn ;/sf/jfbL x'g] s'g} s;"/sf]
cg';Gwfg ckof{Kt ePsf] jf To:tf] s;"/df s'g} vf; pkfo, tl/sf jf ljlw
ckgfpg' kg]{df To:tf] pkfo, tl/sf jf ljlw gckgfOPsf] jf yk cg';Gwfg ug'{ kg]{
eGg] nfu]df dxfGofoflwjQmfn] cg';Gwfg ;DaGwdf cg';Gwfg clwsf/L jf lghsf]
ljefuLo k|d'vnfO{ h'g;'s} ;dodf lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lbPsf] lgb]{zgsf] kfngf ug'{ ;DalGwt cg';Gwfg
clwsf/Lsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
@*= hfx]/L b/vf:tsf] clen]v /fVg' kg]{ M -!_ kqmfp k/]sf] AolQmnfO{ bkmf !$ sf]
pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd lx/f;tdf /fVg] cg'dltsf] nflu cbfnt ;dIf lgj]bg lbFbf
k|x/L sfof{no jf cg';Gwfg clwsf/L ;dIf k/]sf] hfx]/L b/vf:t jf lbPsf] ;"rgfsf]
Ps k|lt cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] ;/sf/L jlsn dfkm{t d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L ;dIf k]z ug'{
kg]{5 .
-@_ d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/Ln] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] b/vf:t jf ;"rgfsf] 5§}
clen]v /fVg' kg]{5 .
@(= ;DalGwt lgsfodf k7fpg ;lsg] M o; ;+lxtfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg cg';"rL–! jf cg';"rL–@ cGtu{tsf] s;"/ cg';Gwfg ub}{ hfFbf cGo sfg"g
cGtu{t cg';Gwfg ug{' kg]{ b]lvPdf cg';Gwfgsf] k|ult ljj/0f ;lxt To:tf] s;"/sf]
cg';Gwfg ug]{ ;DalGwt lgsfo jf clwsf/L ;dIf k7fpg ;lsg]5 .
#)= g]kfn aflx/ eP u/]sf] s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg M -!_ g]kfn aflx/ eP u/]sf] s;"/sf]
;DaGwdf g]kfnsf] cbfntdf d'2f rNg] sfg"gL Joj:yf ePdf o; ;+lxtfdf cGoq
28
h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfo adf]lhdsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ ePsf] To:tf] s;"/sf]
cg';Gwfg o;} ;+lxtf adf]lhd /Ltk"j{s eP u/]sf] dflgg]5 M–
-s_ g]kfnsf cbfntdf d'2f rNg ;Sg] kmf}hbf/L s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg
Ps csf{ d'n'ssf clwsf/ k|fKt cg';Gwfg clwsf/Laf6 x'g
;Sg] u/L s'g} d'n's;Fu s'g} ;lGw ePsf] /x]5 eg] To:tf]
;lGwsf] Joj:yf adf]lhd ePsf] cg';Gwfg,
-v_ v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] ;lGw ePsf] /x]g5 eg] s"6g}lts dfWod
dfkm{t s;"/ ePsf] d'n'ssf] cg'dlt k|fKt u/L To:tf] d'n'ssf]
clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Lsf] ;xof]udf g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf]
cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] u/]sf] cg';Gwfg,
-u_ v08 -s_ jf -v_ adf]lhd cg';Gwfg x'g ;Sg] cj:yf /x]g5
eg] h'g d'n'sdf s;"/ ePsf] xf] ;f]xL d'n'ssf] clwsf/ k|fKt
cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln]] u/]sf] cg';Gwfg,
-3_ v08 -u_ adf]lhd klg ;Dej gePsf] cj:yfdf h'g Onfsfdf
cleo'Qm k]mnf k/]sf] 5 ;f]xL Onfsfdf jf cleo'Qm k]mnf
gk/]sf]df lghsf] :yfoL a;f]af; ePsf] Onfsfsf] clwsf/ k|fKt
cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] u/]sf] cg';Gwfg .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ePsf] cg';Gwfgsf] k|ltj]bg jf To;;Fu ;DalGwt
lnvtx? g]kfnL efiff afx]ssf] cGo efiffdf ePsf /x]5g\ eg] To:tf lnvtsf] g]kfnL
efiffdf k|fdfl0fs cg'jfb u/L cbfntdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ePsf] cg';GWffgaf6 s'g} AolQm pk/ d'2f bfo/ ug'{
kg]{ b]lvPdf ;DalGwt ;/sf/L jlsnn] o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd cleof]ukq tof/ u/L
cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ ug]{5 .
#!= cg';Gwfg k|ltj]bg k7fpg' kg]{ M -!_ cg';"rL–! jf cg';"rL–@ cGtu{tsf] s'g} s;"/sf]
;DaGwdf cg';Gwfg k"/f ePkl5 cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] s;"/ u/]sf] zÍf ul/Psf ;a}
jf s'g} AolQm pk/ d'2f rnfpg kof{Kt k|df0f k'Ug] b]lvPdf lghnfO{ s'g sfg"g
cGtu{t ;hfo x'g' kg]{ xf] ;f] s'/f v'nfO{ tyf s;"/ gePsf] b]lvPsf] jf s;"/ ePsf]
eP klg To:tf] s;"/ ug]{ AolQm oxL xf] eGg] olsg x'g g;s]sf] jf s'g} AolQm pk/
29
d'2f rnfpg kof{Kt k|df0f gk'Ug] b]lvPsf]df ;f]xL Joxf]/f v'nfO{ ldl;n sfuhsf]
;Ssn tyf gSsn k|lt / b;L k|df0f ;lxtsf] cg';Gwfg k|ltj]bg cg';"rL–!(
adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf tof/ u/L ;DalGwt ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|ltj]bg k7fpFbf y'g'jf gePsf] d'2f eP ;DalGwt
sfg"gsf] xbDofb k'Ug] sDtLdf kGw| lbg cufj} / y'g'jf ePsf] d'2f eP d'2f rnfpg]
jf grnfpg] lg0f{o ug]{ / cleof]ukq tof/ u/L cbfntdf bfo/ ug{ nfUg] ;donfO{
;d]t Wofgdf /fvL d'2f bfo/ ug]{ lbgeGbf ;fdfGotof sDtLdf tLg lbg cufl8 g}
k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cg';Gwfg k|ltj]bg ;lxtsf] ldl;n k|fKt ePkl5
;DalGwt ;/sf/L jlsnn] ldl;n cWoog u/L cg';Gwfgsf] l;nl;nfdf ;Ílnt ;j'b
k|df0fsf] d"NofÍg u/L d'2f rnfpg] jf grnfpg] ;DaGwdf lg0f{osf] nflu
dxfGofoflwjQmf ;dIf ldl;n k7fpg' kg]{5 .

t/ d'2f rnfpg] jf grnfpg] lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/ dxfGofoflwjQmfaf6
dftxtsf] ;/sf/L jsLnnfO{ ;'lDkPsf]df To:tf] ldl;n ;DalGwt ;/sf/L jsLn
;dIf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf nflu ædftxtsf] clws[tÆ eGgfn]
dxfGofoflwjQmf cGtu{tsf ;/sf/L jlsn ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] ;+ljwfgdf cGoyf
Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL x'g] cGo s'g} d'2f rnfpg
dxfGofoflwjQmfn] clVtof/L lbPsf] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] s'g} clws[t jf sd{rf/LnfO{
;d]t hgfpF5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd d'2f rnfpg] jf grnfpg] lg0f{o ug]{ l;nl;nfdf
ldl;n cWoog ubf{ ;/sf/L jlsnn] yk ;j'b k|df0f ;Íng ug{ jf yk cg';Gwfg
ug{ jf s'g} AolQm;Fu yk ;f]wk'5 ug{ cfjZos b]v]df To:tf] ;j'b k|df0f ;Íng u/L
jf yk cg';Gwfg u/L k7fpg jf To:tf] AolQm;Fu ;f]wk"5 u/L k7fpg cg';Gwfg
clwsf/LnfO{ lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 .

30
-%_ ;/sf/L jlsnn] s;"/sf] yk cg';Gwfg ug{ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd lgb{]zg
lbPdf cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] To:tf] lgb]{zg k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq yk
cg';Gwfg k"/f ul/;Sg' kg]{5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhdsf] yk cg';Gwfg ;f]xL pkbkmfdf plNnlvt
cjlwleq k"/f x'g g;Sg] eGg] cg';Gwfg clwsf/LnfO{ nfu]df / s'g} AolQm lx/f;tdf
/x]sf] ePdf cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] To:tf] AolQmnfO{ dfyj/ AolQmsf] hdfgL lnO{ jf
glnO{ tfl/vdf /fVg ;Sg]5 .
-&_ cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] o; bkmf adf]lhd s'g} AolQm pk/ d'2f rnfpg
g;lsg] sf/0f ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg ;/sf/L jlsn ;dIf k]z u/]sf]df cg';Gwfgsf]
l;nl;nfdf s'g} AolQm lx/f;tdf /x]sf] eP cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] To:tf] AolQmnfO{
;/sf/L jlsnn] d'2f rNg] jf grNg] lg0f{o gu/];Dd lx/f;tdf /fvL /fVg' kg]{5 .

-*_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cg';"rL–! jf
cg';"rL–@ df plNnlvt s'g} s;"/df k|df0fsf] cefjdf d'2f grnfpg] u/L lg0f{o eP
klg kl5 s'g} dxTjk"0f{ k|df0f k|fKt ePdf To:tf] s;"/sf ;DaGwdf k'gM cg';Gwfg
u/L cleof]ukq bfo/ ug{ ;lsg]5 .
kl/R5]b–#
cleof]hg tyf d'2fsf] bfo/L
#@= cleof]u kq bfo/ ug]{ M -!_ bkmf #! sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd d'2f rNg] jf grNg]
lg0f{o ug{ ldl;n cWoog ubf{ ;Ílnt ;j'b k|df0faf6 d'2f rNg] kof{Kt k|df0f
b]lvPdf cg';"rL–! jf cg';"rL–@ cGtu{tsf] d'2f eP ;DalGwt ;/sf/L jlsnn]
b]xfosf ljj/0fx? pNn]v u/L cg';"rL–@) adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf cleof]ukq tof/ u/L
Dofb leq} ;DalGwt cbfntdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ cleo'Qmsf] k"/f gfd, y/, 7]ufgf, x'lnof, pd]/, k]zf jf
Joj;fo,
-v_ cleo'Qmsf] afa', cfdf jf klt, kTgLsf] gfd,

31
-u_ cleo'Qm a;f]af; u/]sf] ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsf, j8f g+=,

ufpF, 6f]n, eP;Dd Ans g+=,
-3_ cleo'Qmsf] jf:tljs klxrfg x'g] ljj/0f, lghsf] kmf]6f],
gful/stf jf /fxbfgL, ;jf/L rfns Ohfhtkq jf lghsf]
jf:tljs kl/ro v'Ng] cGo sfuhftsf] k|ltlnlk,
-ª_ cleo'Qmsf] eP;Ddsf] b'j} xftsf] rf]/L cf}Fnfx?sf] 5fk,
-r_ c?sf]] 3/df 8]/f u/L a;]sf] eP 3/wgLsf] gfd, y/ / 7]ufgf
;lxtsf] ljj/0f,
-5_ s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt ;"rgfsf] Joxf]/f,
-h_ s;"/ ;DaGwL ljj/0f,
-em_ cleo'Qmn] s;"/ u/]sf] s'/f k|dfl0ft ug]{ b;L, k|df0fsf] ljj/0f,
-`_ cleo'Qm pk/ nufOPsf] cleof]u / To;sf] cfwf/ / sf/0fx?,

-`!_ s'g} cleo'Qm km/f/ /x]sf] eP lghsf] ;DklQ tyf cGo ljj/0f
/ lgh s'g} ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQm eP ;f]sf] ljj/0f,

-`@_ cleof]u nufO{Psf] s;"/af6 cleo'Qmsf] g}lts ktg x'g] ePdf
;f]sf] nflu dfu bfaL,
-6_ k|of]u x'g' kg]{ ;DalGwt sfg"g / To;sf] sf/0f,
-7_ cleo'QmnfO{ x'g' kg]{ ;hfosf] dfu bfjL / To;sf] sf/0f,
-8__ s;"/af6 Iflt k'u]sf] AolQmnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ e/fO{ lbg' kg]{ eP
To:tf] Ifltk"lt{sf] /sd,
-9_ s;"/sf] k|s[lt;Fu ;DalGwt cGo cfjZos s'g} s'/f eP
To;sf] ljj/0f .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cleof]ukq k]z ubf{ s;"/sf ;DaGwdf ;Ílnt ;j'b
k|df0f, b;L tyf j:t' / cleo'Qm lx/f;tdf /x]sf] eP lgh ;lxt k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k]z ul/g] cleof]ukqdf cleo'Qm pk/ cleof]u
nufpg k|:tfj ul/Psf] s;"/sf] s'g} vf; gfdfs/0f sfg"gdf ul/Psf] /x]5 eg]
To:tf] s;"/sf] ;DaGwdf ;f]xL gfdsf] pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .

32
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd k|rlnt sfg"gdf s;"/sf] s'g} gfdfs/0f gul/Psf]
eP To:tf] s;"/sf] k|s[lt cg';f/ cleo'Qm pk/ nufOPsf] cleof]u lghn] :ki6 ?kdf
a'emg ;Sg] u/L s;"/sf tTjx? ;d]t ljrf/ u/L gfdfs/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ cleo'Qmn] klxn] s'g} s;"/df ;hfo kfO;s]sf] hfgsf/L x'g cfPdf jf
lgh pk/ cGo s'g} d'2f rnfOPsf] /x]5 eg] / To;sf] sf/0fn] a9L ;hfo x'g' kg]{
cj:yf /x]5 eg] lghn] klxn] ;hfo kfPsf] ldlt / ;hfo ug]{ cbfntsf] gfd tyf
d'2f ;d]t pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd bfo/ ul/Psf] cleof]ukqdf jf kl5 v'Ng cfPdf
v'Ng cfPsf] avt pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
-^_ s'g} s;"/sf ;DaGwdf s'g} AolQmsf la?4 d'2f rnfpg tTsfn ;Ílnt
;j'b k|df0f kof{Kt geO{ ;/sf/L jlsnn] bkmf #! sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd d'2f
grNg] lg0f{o u/]sf]df To:tf] s;"/df s'g} AolQmsf] lghL ;DklQ jf lauf]] xflg,
gf]S;fgL ;DaGwL b]jfgL bfloTjsf ljifo ;d]t ;dfj]z ePsf] /x]5 eg] ;/sf/L
jlsnn] ;f]sf] ;"rgf hfx]/jfnf jf To:tf] s;"/af6 kLl8t AolQmnfO{ ;DalGwt
cg';GWffg clwsf/L dfk{mt lbg' kg]{5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf k|fKt ePsf]df k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s}
s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg To:tf] ;"rgf k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] ;f7L lbgleq ;DalGwt
AolQmn] d'2f bfo/ ug{ rfx]df cg';"rL–$ cGtu{tsf] s;"/ ;/x d'2f bfo/ ug{
;Sg]5 .
-*_ o; ;+lxtf adf]lhd cg';Gwfg ubf{ PseGbf a9L AolQm pk/ cg';Gwfg
ePsf] t/ To:tf AolQmdWo] s'g} AolQmsf] xsdf dfq d'2f rnfOPsf] cj:yfdf jf
g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL x'g] eO{ cg';Gwfg ePsf] t/ cg';Gwfgaf6 To:tf] d'2f o; ;+lxtf
adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL eO{ rNg ;Sg] cj:yf geO{ cGo sfg"g cGtu{t d'2f
rNg ;Sg] lg0f{o ePdf jf AolQmjfbL eO{ rNg ;Sg] ePdf ;DalGwt ;/sf/L jlsnn]
To;sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt pRr ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{no / dxfGofoflwjQmfsf]
sfof{nodf t'?Gt k7fpg' kg]{5 .

-(_ pkbkmf -*_ adf]lhd hfgsf/L k|fKt ePkl5 pRr ;/sf/L jlsn
sfof{nosf] k|d'vn] To:tf] ljifo cWoog u/L d'2f rnfpg' kg]{ jf grnfpg' kg]{ lg0f{o

33
ug'{ kg]{5 / d'2f rnfpg' kg]{ dgfl;a sf/0f b]lvPdf To;sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ ;DalGwt
;/sf/L jlsnnfO{ d'2f rnfpg] lgb]{zg lbg]5 / To:tf] lgb]{zg k|fKt ePdf To:tf]
;/sf/L jlsnn] cleof]ukq jf k"/s cleof]u kq bfo/ u/L d'2f grnfOPsf AolQm
pk/ d'2f rnfpg' kg]{5 .
-!)_ pkbkmf -(_ adf]lhd 
pRr ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{nosf] k|d'vn] d'2f
grnfpg] lg0f{o u/]sf]df To;sf] hfgsf/L dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{nonfO{ lbg'
kg]{5 .
-!!_ pkbkmf -!)_ adf]lhdsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePkl5 dxfGofoflwjQmfsf]
sfof{non] ;DalGwt ;/sf/L jlsnnfO{ d'2f rnfpg] jf grnfpg] ;DaGwdf cfjZos
lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-!@_ pkbkmf -*_ adf]lhd cGo sfg"g cGtu{t d'2f rNg] hfgsf/L k|fKt
ePsf]df To:tf] Joxf]/f dgfl;a b]lvPdf pRr ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{non] ;f] s'/fsf]
hfgsf/L ;DalGwt AolQmnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-!#_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s cg';Gwfgsf] l;nl;nfdf
s'g} AolQmaf6 w/f}6 jf hdfgt lnPsf] eP 
lgh pk/ rnfOPsf]df cbfntaf6
cGoyf cfb]z ePsf]df afx]s y'g5]s cfb]z ePkl5 / d'2f grNg] lg0f{o ePdf To;/L
/fv]sf] w/f}6L jf hdfgt To:tf] AolQmnfO{ lkmtf{ ul/lbg' kg]{5 .
##= ;hfo sd ug]{ dfu bfjL lnO{ cleof]u kq bfo/ ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ o; kl/R5]bdf
cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} s;"/sf] cleo'Qmn] cg';Gwfg
clwsf/LnfO{ To:tf] s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofPdf To; afkt To:tf]
cleo'QmnfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd x'g] ;hfodf 5'6 x'g cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] ;/sf/L
jlsn ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd l;kmfl/; eO{ cfPdf jf cg';Gwfg k|ltj]bg jf
ldl;n ;+nUg sfuhftaf6 cleo'Qmn] cg';Gwfgdf ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] b]lvPdf ;/sf/L
jlsnn] To:tf] l;kmfl/; jf ;xof]unfO{ ;d]t ljrf/ u/L To:tf] cleo'QmnfO{ x'g]
;hfodf 5'6 lbg k|:tfj u/L zt{ ;lxtsf] dfu bfjL lnO{ cleof]ukq bfo/ ug{
;Sg]5 .

34
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd cleof]ukq bfo/ ubf{ ;/sf/L jlsnn] b]xfo
adf]lhdsf] ;hfo 5'6sf]] k|:tfj u/L cleof]ukq bfo/ ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ cleo'Qmn] cfk"mn] u/]sf] s;"/ cg';Gwfg clwsf/L jf ;/sf/L
jlsn ;dIf k"0f{ ?kdf :jLsf/ u/L ;flatL ePdf lghnfO{ x'g]
;hfodf kRrL; k|ltzt;Dd 5'6,
-v_ cleo'Qmn] cfk"m ;d]t ;+nUg ePsf] s;"/df ;flat eO{ ;f]
s;"/df ;+nUg cGo s;"/bf/ jf lu/f]x jf s;"/ u/fpg lgb]{zg
lbg] d'Vo AolQm jf s;"/sf] ;DaGwdf lj:t[t tYo atfpg jf
s;"/df ;+nUg AolQmnfO{ kqmfp ug{ jf s'g} ;Ël7t jf
;d"xut ?kdf ePsf] s;"/ eP ;f] s;"/df ;+nUg cGo
AolQmx? jf To:tf] s;"/sf] cfk/flws if8oGq x'g] :yfg
b]vfpg, s;"/ ug{ k|of]u x'g] ;jf/L ;fwg, oGq, pks/0f jf
cGo j:t' jf xftxltof/ a/fdb ug{ jf hkmt ug{ ;3fp
k'¥ofPsf] eP lghnfO{ x'g] ;hfodf krf; k|ltzt;Dd 5'6 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;hfo 5'6sf] dfu bfjL ug{sf] nflu ;DalGwt
d'2fsf] ldl;n ;+nUg sfuhftaf6 To:tf] cleo'Qmn] To:tf] ;xof]u u/]sf] s'/f :ki6
?kdf b]lvg' kg]{5 .
-%_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf s;"/sf
;DaGwdf jf cj:yfdf ;hfodf 5'6 x'g] dfu bfjL ug{ ;lsg] 5}g M–
-s_ Psk6s o; bkmf cGtu{tsf] ;'ljwf kfO;s]sf],
-v_ s}b ;hfo kfPsf]df To:tf] s}b e'Qmfg u/]sf] cjlw tLg jif{
k"/f gu/]sf],
-u_ h'g s;"/df cleof]u nufOg] xf] To:t} s;"/df Ps k6s ;hfo
kfO;s]sf] .
-^_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;hfodf 5'6 kfpg] u/L cleof]ukq bfo/ eO;s]kl5
To:Tff] cleo'Qmn] cbfntdf cg';Gwfg clwsf/L jf ;/sf/L jlsn ;dIf lbPsf] eGbf
km/s aofg lbPdf jf k|lts"n k|df0f lbPdf jf cfk\mgf] s;"/ OGsf/ u/]df jf Goflos
35
sf/afxLdf ;xof]u gk'¥ofPdf lghn] o; bkmf adf]lhdsf] ;'ljwf kfpg ;Sg]

5}g .
-&_ pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhdsf] cj:yfdf ;/sf/L jlsnn] pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_
adf]lhd k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5'6 ;hfo /2 u/L yk ;hfosf] dfu u/L cbfntdf lgj]bg
lbg' kg]{5 / To:tf] lgj]bg ;f]xL cleof]u kqsf] cleGg cË x'g]5 .
#$= vf; lsl;dsf ;fgfltgf s;"/df d'2f bfo/ ug{ cfjZos gx'g] M -!_ cg';"rL–! Jf
cg';"rL–@ adf]lhdsf] s'g} vf; lsl;dsf] ;fgfltgf s;"/df d'2f bfo/ ug'{ Jojxfl/s
gePsf] jf ;fj{hlgs lxtnfO{ vf; c;/ gkg]{ b]lvPdf ;/sf/L jlsnn]
dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] :jLs[lt lnO{ To:tf] AolQm lj?4 d'2f bfo/ gug]{ lg0f{o ug{
;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lg0f{o ug'{cl3 ;/sf/L jlsnn] To:tf] cleo'QmnfO{
eljiodf To:tf] s;"/ gug]{ sa'lnot u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ævf; lsl;dsf ;fgfltgf s;"/Æ eGgfn]
b]xfosf s;"/ ;Demg' k5{ M–
-s_ klxnf] k6s u/]sf] Ps xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd ljuf] ePsf] aunLdf/f
;DaGwL s;"/,
-v_ klxnf] k6s u/]sf] leIff dfUg] s;"/,
-u_ tLg xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf jf Ps dlxgf;Dd s}b jf b'j}
;hfo x'g] klxnf] k6s u/]sf] cGo s'g} s;"/ .
-$_ o; bkmf adf]lhd d'2f grnfpg] lg0f{o ug'{cl3 ;/sf/L jlsnn] s;"/sf]
lauf]] hkmt ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd hkmt ul/Psf] lauf]] s;"/af6 kLl8t AolQm /x]5
eg] lghnfO{ / gePdf sfg"g adf]lhd :yflkt kLl8t /fxt sf]ifdf bflvnf ug'{
kg]{5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd d'2f bfo/ gul/Psf]df To:tf] AolQmn] To:tf] ldltaf6
tLg jif{leq o; ;+lxtf cGtu{tsf] s'g} s;"/ u/]df lghnfO{ klxn] u/]sf] s;"/sf]
;hfo ;d]t yk x'g]5 .

36
-&_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;/sf/L jlsnn]] d'2f
grnfpg] lg0f{o u/]sf]df To:tf] lg0f{o pk/ lrQ ga'emg] kLl8t kIfn] cfk\mgf]
tk{maf6 d'2f bfo/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-*_ pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd d'2f grnfpg] lg0f{o ePsf]df kLl8tnfO{ tTsfn
To;sf] ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 / To; k|of]hgsf] nflu To:tf] lg0f{o ePsf] ;"rgf k|fKt
ePsf] ldltaf6 sfg"g adf]lhdsf] xbDofb k|f/De ePsf] dflgg]5 .
-(_ pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd d'2f bfo/ ug]{ AolQmnfO{ ;DalGwt ;/sf/L jlsnn]
o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd ePsf] cg';GWffgsf] sfuhftsf k|ltlnlk pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
#%= yk bfjL lng ;lsg] M s'g} d'2f cbfntdf bfo/ e};s]kl5 To:tf] d'2fdf cGo ;Da4
yk k|df0fx?af6 d'2f bfo/ e};s]sf cleo'Qm afx]s cGo cleo'Qmx? pk/ ;d]t bfjL
lng kg]{ ePdf jf d'2f bfo/ eO{ cleo'Qm sfod eO{ ;s]sf AolQm pk/ yk cleof]u
nufpg' kg]{ b]lvPdf To;sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ yk cg';Gwfg ug{ nufO{ cGo yk
cleo'Qmsf] xsdf ;d]t yk bfjL lnO{ ;/sf/L jlsnn] d'2f bfo/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
#^= cleof]ukq ;+zf]wg ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ cbfntdf Psk6s bfo/ e};s]sf] d'2fdf yk
k|df0f k]mnf k/L klxn] lnPsf] dfu bfjL ;+zf]wg ug'{ kg]{ b]lvPdf dxfGofoflwjQmfsf]
:jLs[lt lnO{ ;DalGwt ;/sf/L jlsnn] cleof]ukqdf ;+zf]wg ug{ z'? txsf]
;DalGwt cbfntdf sf/0f v'nfO{ lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bg kg{ cfPdf / To;sf] Joxf]/f dgfl;a b]lvP
lgj]bg adf]lhd cleof]ukqdf dfu bfjL ;+zf]wg ug{] cfb]z ;DalGwt cbfntn] lbg
;Sg]5 .
t/ To:tf] ;+zf]wg ug]{ cfb]z z'? txsf] ;DalGwt cbfntn] k}m;nf ug'{cl3 g}
lbO;s]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
#&= ;fgfltgf q'6L ;Rofpg cfb]z lbg ;Sg] M -!_ cbfntdf bfo/ ePsf] d'2fsf]
cleof]ukqdf ;fgfltgf q'6L eO{ ;Rofpg k/]df ;DalGwt ;/sf/L jlsnn] ;DalGwt

cbfnt ;dIf To;sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd kg{ cfPsf] lgj]bg hfFra'em ubf{ q'6L ;Rofpg
dgfl;a b]lvPdf cbfntn] To:tf] q'6L ;Rofpg cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .

37
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æ;fgfltgf q'6LÆ eGgfn] cleo''Qmsf] gfd,

y/, pd]/ jf 7]ufgfsf] lxHh] jf 6fOlkË jf 5kfO ;DaGwL q'6LnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .
#*= b;L, k|df0f / cleo'Qm /fVg] M -!_ cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] cleof]hgsf nflu cg';Gwfg
k|ltj]bg ;fy ldl;n ;/sf/L jlsn ;dIf k]z ubf{ s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt b;L, k|df0f /
cleo'QmnfO{ cfk\mgf] lgoGq0fdf /fVg' kg]{5 / ;DalGwt ;/sf/L jlsnn] cfb]z lbPdf
;f]xL avt ;DalGwt cbfntdf k]z ug{' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df n]lvPb]lv afx]s o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd cbfntdf bfo/
ePsf] d'2fsf ;DaGwdf d'2f bfo/ ePkl5 yk s'g} ;j'b, k|df0f jf s'g} j:t', lnvt
jf b;L k]mnf k/]df ;DalGwt k|x/L sfof{non] ;DalGwt ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{nodf
bflvn ug{' kg]{5 / To:tf] ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{non] cfjZos hfFra'em u/L To:tf
lnvt, b;L, k|df0f cbfntdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
#(= ;'/lIft /fVg' kg]{ M -!_ ;/sf/L jlsnn] bkmf #! sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd d'2f grNg]
lg0f{o u/]sf]df ldl;n nufotsf b;L, k|df0fsf j:t' ;DalGwt k|x/L sfof{nodf
cljnDa lkmtf{ k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|fKt ldl;n, b;L k|df0f, j:t' ;DalGwt k|x/L
sfof{non] To:tf] s;"/sf] d'2f rnfpg ;lsg] xbDofbsf] cjlw;Dd ;'/lIft /fVg'
kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] b;L, k|df0f jf j:t' s;}sf] ;DklQ /x]5 eg]
To:tf] ;DklQ wgLnfO{ cfjZos k/]sf] avt cg';Gwfg clwsf/L jf cbfntdf
bflvnf ug]{ zt{ ;lxtsf] sfuh u/fO{{ k|x/L sfof{non] To:tf] ;DklQ lkmtf{ lbg'
kg]{5 .
$)= k|ltlnlk jf hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{ M -!_ ;/sf/L jlsnn] bkmf #! sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd
d'2f grNg] u/L lg0f{o u/]sf]df To:tf] lg0f{osf] k|ltlnlk / d'2f rNg] lg0f{o ePsf]df
cleof]ukqsf] k|ltlnlk ;DalGwt cg';Gwfg clwsf/L / cleo'QmnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ cg';"rL–! jf cg';"rL–@ cGtu{tsf s'g} d'2fdf d'2f rnfpg kof{Kt k|df0f
gePsf] egL ;DalGwt ;/sf/L jlsnn] lg0f{o u/]df lghn] To:tf] lg0f{osf] hfgsf/L
;DalGwt cg';Gwfg clwsf/L / To:tf] cg';Gwfg clwsf/LeGbf dflyNnf] txsf]
clwsf/L jf sfof{nonfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
38
$!= hfx]/jfnf jf kLl8tnfO{ ;"rgf lbg' kg]{ M s'g} s;"/sf] ;DaGwdf bkmf #! sf] pkbkmf
-#_ adf]lhd d'2f grnfpg] lg0f{o ePdf cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] To;sf] sf/0f ;lxtsf]
;"rgf hfx]/jfnf jf kLl8tnfO{ oyflz3| lbg' kg]{5 .
$@= ;/f]sf/jfnf AolQmnfO{ kIf sfod ug]{ M -!_ o; ;+lxtf adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL
eO{ bfo/ ePsf] s'g} d'2f sf/afxL x'Fbf cg';"rL–! jf cg';"rL–@ leq gkg]{ b]lvPsf]
t/ sfg"g adf]lhd cGo s'g} d'2f rNg ;Sg] b]lvPdf cbfntn] ;f]xL cfb]z u/L
;/f]sf/jfnf AolQmnfO{ To;sf] ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ ;/f]sf/jfnfn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;"rgf kfPsf] ldltn] b'O{ dlxgfleq
To; d'2f ;sf/ u/]df lghnfO{ jfbL kIf sfod u/L ;f]xL d'2fsf] ldl;naf6 sfg"g
adf]lhd sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug'{ kg]{5 .
$#= d'2fsf] bfo/L M -!_ o; ;+lxtf adf]lhd bfo/ ug'{ kg]{ b]xfosf] d'2f b]xfosf] clwsf/L
jf AolQmn] ;DalGwt cbfntdf bfo/ ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ cg';"rL–! / cg';"rL–@ cGtu{tsf s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2f
cleof]ukqsf ?kdf ;DalGwt ;/sf/L jlsnn],
-v_ cg';"rL–# cGtu{tsf s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2f ph'/L jf k|ltj]bgsf]
?kdf g]kfn ;/sf/, ;+j}wflgs lgsfo, cbfnt jf s'g}
;fj{hlgs clwsf/Ln],
-u_ cg';"rL–$ cGtu{tsf s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2f lkm/fbkqsf ?kdf
To:tf] d'2f bfo/ ug{ ;Sg] xsb}of ePsf] jf ;/f]sf/jfnf
AolQmn],
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd d'2f bfo/ u/]df To:tf] d'2f o; ;+lxtf adf]lhd
bfo/ ePsf] dflgg]5 .
$$= kf]n ph'/ u/] afkt ;hfo gx'g] M -!_ cg';"rL–!, cg';"rL–@ / cg';r
" L–# cGtu{tsf
s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2fdf kf]n jf ph'/ u/] afkt s'g} ;hfo x'g] 5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cfk"m ;fIfL eO{ g]kfn
;/sf/, k|x/L sd{rf/L jf cGo clwsf/LnfO{ ljZjf; kg]{ lsl;dsf] s'g} s'/f jf ;j"b
k|df0f b]vfO{ kf]n jf ph'/ u/]sf]df ;f]xL cfwf/af6 cg';Gwfg eO{ cbfntdf d'2f
rln;s]kl5 To:tf] s'/f jf ;j"b jf k|df0f e'm¶f jf agfj6L ePsf] s'/f pNn]v u/L
39
s;}sf] k|ltj]bg, ph'/L k/]df jf aofg ePdf jf s'g} ;fIfL jf hfx]/jfnfsf] askq jf
cGo s'g} lsl;daf6 b]lvPdf cbfntn] ;f]xL ldl;naf6 k|df0f a'emL b]xfo adf]lhd
ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ e'm¶f s'/f n]lvlbg] jf agfj6L Joxf]/fsf] askq ug]{ ;fIfLnfO{
tLg dlxgf;Dd s}b jf kfFr xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf jf b'j}
;hfo ug{,
t/ To;/L ;hfo ubf{ s;"/bf/nfO{ x'g] ;hfosf]
cfwfeGbf a9L s}b jf hl/afgf ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
-v_ e'm¶f] s'/f n]lvlbg] jf agfj6L k|df0f k]z ug]{ sfd jf kf]n jf
ph'/ ug'{ kg]{ dgfl;a dflkmssf] sf/0f geO{ ;fIfLn] AolQmut
l/;Oljn] jf s'g} k|nf]egdf k/L u/]sf] eGg] cbfntnfO{ nfu]df
;kmfO{ kfpg] k|ltjfbLnfO{ d'2fsf] k|s[lt / cj:yf ljrf/ u/L
To:tf] ;fIfLaf6 dgfl;a Ifltk"lt{ To;} d'2faf6 e/fO{ lbg .
t/ lghn] lbPsf] hfx]/L jf ;fIfL k|lts"n x'gfsf]
dgfl;a sf/0f lbPdf Ifltk"lt{ e/fOg] 5}g .
kl/R5]b – $
cbfntsf] clwsf/ If]q
$%= s;"/ ePsf] If]qsf] cbfntn] d'2f x]g]{ M s'g} s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2fsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f
ug]{ clwsf/ To:tf] s;"/ ePsf] If]qsf] cbfntnfO{ x'g]5 .
t/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] sfg"g adf]lhd s'g} lhNnfdf 5'§} kmf}hbf/L cbfnt jf
kmf}hbf/L Ohnf; u7g u/L To:tf s;"/sf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug{ jf u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
$^= ljleGg If]q;Fu ;DalGwt s;"/ ePdf To:tf If]qdWo] s'g} If]qsf] cbfntn] d'2f x]g{
;Sg] M b]xfosf] cj:yfdf s'g} If]qsf] cbfntn] d'2fsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug{
;Sg]5 M–
-s_ s;"/ 7xl/g] s'g} sfd cf+lzs ?kdf Pp6f If]q / cf+lzs ?kdf csf]{
Onfsfdf ePsf]df To:tf] If]qx?dWo] s'g} If]qsf] cbfntn],
40
-v_ s'g} sfd Pp6f If]qdf ePsf] / To;sf] kl/0ffd s;"/sf] ?kdf csf]{
If]qdf k|s6 ePsf]df To;dWo] s'g} If]qsf] cbfntn],
-u_ Ps} 36gfsf] l;nl;nfdf ljleGg s;"/x? ljleGg If]qdf ePsf]df
To:tf] s;"/x?dWo] s'g} s;"/ ePsf] If]qsf] cbfntn],
-3_ s'g} s;"/ ljleGg If]qx?df eO{ s'g If]qdf s;"/ x'g] sfd k"/f ePsf]
xf] eGg] osLg x'g g;s]df To:tf If]qx?dWo] s'g} If]qsf] cbfntn],
-ª_ dflg;sf] ckx/0f jf z/L/ aGws ;DaGwL s;"/ ePsf]df To:tf] s;"/
h'g If]qdf ePsf] 5 jf h'g If]qdf ckx/0f jf aGws agfOPsf] AolQm
/flvPsf] jf n'sfOPsf] jf y'lgPsf] 5 To;dWo] s'g} If]qsf] cbfntn],
-r_ ofqf ul//x]sf] s'g} AolQmn] u/]sf] jf ofqf ul//x]sf] s'g} AolQmsf] lj?4
jf Ps If]qaf6 csf]{ If]qdf n}hfg nfu]sf] dfn;fdfgsf] ;DaGwdf
ul/Psf] s;"/ eP s;"/ k|f/De ePsf] jf To:tf] AolQm ofqfsfndf
h'gh'g If]qdf uPsf] 5 jf To:tf] dfn;fdfg a/fdb ePsf] jf h'gh'g
If]q eP/ nluPsf] 5 ;f]dWo] s'g} If]qsf] cbfntn],
-5_ s'g} s;"/sf] tof/L jf cfk/flws if8oGq Ps If]qdf eO{ s;"/ x'g]
sfd csf]{ If]qdf k"/f ePsf]df tof/L jf if8\oGq ePsf] If]q jf s;"/
x'g] sfd k"/f ePsf] If]qsf] cbfntdWo] s'g} cbfntn],
-h_ s'g} s;"/ lr¶L jf cGo s'g} ;~rf/ jf ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] dfWodaf6
ePsf]df To:tf] lr¶L, ;~rf/ jf ;"rgf h'g If]qaf6 ;Dk]|if0f ePsf] jf
h'g If]qdf k|fKt ul/Psf] 5 To;dWo] s'g} If]qsf] cbfntn],
-em_ s'g} s;"/ b'O{ d'n'ssf] l;dfgfdf ePsf]df To:tf] l;dfgf hf]l8Psf]
cbfntn],
:ki6Ls/0f M o; v08sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu l;dfgf eGgfn] b'O{ d'n'ssf]
l;dfgfdf /x]sf] bzuhf If]qnfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .
-`_ ;DklQ ;DaGwL s;"/sf] xsdf To:tf] s;"/ ePsf] If]q jf s;"/af6
k|fKt ;DklQ n'sfPsf], lsg]sf], a]r]sf] jf cGo s'g} k|sf/n] lnP lbPsf]
If]qsf] cbfntn],
41
-6_ g]kfn jf g]kfn ;/sf/ kIf ePsf] s'g} ;lGw jf sfg"g adf]lhd
ljZjJofkL clwsf/ If]q -o'lge;{n h'l/l:8Szg_ sfod x'g] s;"/
;DaGwL d'2fsf] xsdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] cbfntn] .
$&= g]kfn aflx/ ePsf] s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/ If]q M g]kfndf btf{ ePsf] jfo'ofg
jf kfgLhxfhdf ePsf] jf g]kfn aflx/ ePsf] s'g} s;"/sf] ;DaGwdf k|rlnt sfg"gn]
;hfo x'g] Joj:yf ePsf]df To:tf] s;"/sf] cleo'Qm g]kfn leqsf] h'g lhNnfdf k]mnf
k/]sf] 5 ;f]xL lhNnfsf] cbfntdf / k]mnf gk/]sf]df lghsf] :yfoL af;:yfg ePsf]
If]qsf] lhNnf cbfntdf To:tf] s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2fsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f ul/g]5 .
$* b'O{ cbfnt jf lgsfodf k/]sf d'2fsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f M -!_ s'g} s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2f
PseGbf a9L cbfntsf] clwsf/ If]qleq kg]{ eO{ PseGbf a9L cbfntdf d'2f bfo/
ePsf] /x]5 eg] h'g cbfntdf klxn] d'2f bfo/ ePsf] xf] ;f]xL cbfntn] / Ps} lbg
bfo/ ePsf]df Ps} k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntsf] clwsf/ If]qleq kg]{ cbfntdf eP
To:tf] cbfntsf] k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntn] tf]s]sf] cbfntn] / leGgleGg k'g/fj]bg
;'Gg] cbfntsf] clwsf/ If]qleq kg]{ eP ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] tf]s]sf] cbfntn] To:tf]
s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2fsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g';'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} Ps s;"/ ;DaGwL
d'2f cbfnt / cw{ Goflos lgsfosf] clwsf/ If]qleq kg]{ eO{ cbfnt / cw{Goflos
lgsfodf d'2f bfo/ ePsf] /x]5 eg] To:tf] d'2fsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f cbfntaf6 ug'{
kg]{5 .
-#_ bkmf %$ sf] pkbkmf -!_ / pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -s_ jf
-u_ cGtu{t ;+o'Qm ?kdf sf/afxL x'g ;Sg] cj:yf eP tfklg leGgleGg k|sf/sf
cbfnt jf GofoLs lgsfosf] clwsf/ If]q cGtu{t kg]{ d'2f /x]5 eg] sfg"g adf]lhd
clwsf/ k|fKt tt\tt\ cbfnt jf lgsfoaf6 sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug'{ kg]{5 .
$(= tNnf] / dflyNnf] cbfntsf] clwsf/ If]qleq kg]{ d'2f dflyNnf] cbfntn] x]g'{ kg]{ M
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd s'g} s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2f tNnf] / dflyNnf] txsf] cbfnt b'j}sf]
clwsf/ If]qleq kg]{ jf bkmf %$ cGtu{t ;+o'Qm ?kdf sf/afxL x'g ;Sg] AolQm jf
s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2f tNnf] tx / dflyNnf] txsf] b'j} cbfntsf] clwsf/ If]qleq k/L
42
bfo/ x'g ;Sg] ePdf jf bfo/ ePsf]df To:tf] d'2f x]g{] clwsf/ dflyNnf] txsf]
cbfntnfO{ x'g]5 .
%)= clwsf/ If]q gePsf] jf j]l/tsf] ePdf b/kL7 ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ s'g} cleof]ukq jf
ph'/Lsf] Joxf]/faf6 To:tf] ph'/L ;DaGwL d'2fsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug]{ cfk\mgf]
clwsf/ If]q gePsf] jf /Lt gk'¥ofO{ btf{ ug{ NofPsf] b]lvPdf cbfntn] ;f]xL] s'/f
pNn]v u/L To:tf] cleof]ukq jf ph'/L b/kL7 u/L lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ clwsf/ If]q gePsf] sf/0fn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd b/kL7 ePsf] ph'/Lsf]
ljifodf d'2f ug'{ kg]{ clGtd xbDofb b/kL7 ePsf] lbg;Dd /x]5 eg] k|rlnt
sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg To:tf] ph'/L ug]{ AolQmn] ;f] lbgaf6
af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s kGw| lbgleq btf{ ug{ NofPdf clwsf/ If]q ePsf] cbfntn]
sfg"g adf]lhd btf{ ul/lbg' kg]{5 .
%!= clwsf/ If]q / xbDofb ;DaGwdf lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ o; ;+lxtfdf cGoq h'g;'s}
s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} d'2fsf ;DaGwdf cleo'Qmn] aofg ubf{ jf k|ltjfbLn]

k|ltpQ/ kq k]z ubf{ cbfntsf] clwsf/ If]q gePsf], jfbLnfO{ d'2f bfo/ ug]{
xsb}of gePsf] jf xbDofb gePsf] eGg] k|Zg p7fPdf cbfntn] klxn] To:tf] k|Zgsf
;DaGwdf lg0f{o u/]/ dfq To:tf] d'2fsf] cGo sf/afxL cufl8 a9fpg' kg]{5 / cfˆgf]
clwsf/If]qleq gkg]{ b]lvPdf clwsf/ If]q ePsf] cbfntdf k7fpg cfb]z lbg'
kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ePsf] lg0f{o pk/ To:tf] lg0f{o ePsf] ldltn] tL;
lbgleq k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntdf ph'/ ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd lg?k0f ePsf] k|Zg k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntdf
k'gM p7fpg ;lsg] 5}g .
t/ d'2fsf] /f]xdf x'g] cGt/sfnLg cfb]zsf xsdf of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
kl/R5]b – %
d'2fsf] k|f/lDes sf/afxL ;DaGwL Joj:yf

43
%@= d'2f bfo/ ePkl5 cbfntn] sf/afxL k|f/De ug{'kg]{ M -!_ o; ;+lxtfdf cGoyf
Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s s'g} s;"/sf ;DaGwdf o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd cbfntdf d'2f
bfo/ ePkl5 cbfntn] To:tf] d'2fsf] sf/afxL k|f/De ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/,
-s_ cbfntsf] cfb]zsf] cj1f u/]sf] jf c? s'g} lsl;dn]
cbfntsf] cjx]ngf u/]sf] s;"/df cbfntn] cleo'Qmsf] 7f8f]
aofg lnP/ jf lnlvt :ki6Ls/0f dfu]/ jf cGo s'g} lgj]bg jf
k|ltj]bgaf6 klg d'2fsf] sf/afxL k|f/De ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-v_ s'g} d'2fdf cbfntn] k|df0f a'e\mbf s'g} kIfn] s'g} k|df0fnfO{
hfn;fFhL jf sLt]{ egL aofg u/]sf]df ;f]xL aofgsf] cfwf/df
lnvt sLt]{ jf hfn;fhLsf] s;"/df jf ;f] s;"/ ug{ b'?T;fxg
lbPsf], cfk/flws if8oGq u/]sf] jf dltof/ ePsf] s;"/df
;f]xL ldl;naf6 d'2fsf] sf/afxL k|f/De ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-@_ ck/fw ;+lxtfsf] efu–@ sf] kl/R5]b–# sf] bkmf *!, *@ kl/R5]b–$ sf]
bkmf *(, (), (!, (@, (#, (&, (*, !)) df plNnlvt s'g} s;"/ u/]sf], To:tf] s'g}
s;"/ ug{ b'?T;fxg lbPsf], ck/flws if8oGq u/]sf] jf dltof/ ePsf] cleof]udf
pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+zsf] v08 -v_ adf]lhd d'2fsf] sf/afxL k|f/De
ePsf]df afx]s cbfntn] ;DalGwt AolQmsf] lgj]bg, k|ltj]bg, aofg jf s'g} 5'§}
ph'/Lsf] cfwf/df d'2f rnfpg Gofof]lrt 7x/fO{ sf/0f ;lxtsf] cfb]z krf{ v8f u/L
d'2fsf] sf/afxL k|f/De ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ df plNnlvt d'2fsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f d"n s;"/ ;DaGwL
d'2f ;fy} /fvL ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg g]kfn ;/sf/ jf
;DalGwt ljefuLo k|d'vsf] lnlvt :jLs[lt ePsf]df afx]s g]kfn ;/sf/sf] s'g}
sd{rf/L pk/ lghn] cfk\mgf] cf]xbfsf] st{Jo kfngfsf] l;nl;nfdf u/]sf] s'g} sfdsf]
;DaGwdf lgh pk/ s'g} s;"/sf] cleof]u nufO{ d'2f rNg] 5}g .
44
t/ s'g} sd{rf/Ln] cfk\mgf] cf]xbfsf] st{JoeGbf aflx/sf] s'g} sfd u/L s'g}
s;"/ u/]df lgh pk/ To:tf] s;"/sf] cleof]u nufO{ d'2f rnfpg g]kfn ;/sf/sf] jf
;DalGwt ljefuLo k|d'vsf] :jLs[lt lng' kg]{ 5}g .
-%_ cg';"rL–! / cg';'rL–@ cGtu{tsf s;"/sf] ;DaGwdf ;/sf/L jlsnaf6
cleof]ukq k]z gu/L s'g} AolQm pk/ d'2f rNg] 5}g .

t/ bkmf #$ sf] pkbkmf -&_ df plNnlvt ljifodf ;f]xL adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} s;"/af6 x'g uPsf]
Iflt k"lt{sf nflu b]xfosf] AolQmn] cleof]u kq k]z u/]sf] ;f7L lbgleq 5'§} ph'/L
lbg ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ s;"/af6 Iflt k'u]sf] AolQm,
-v_ cfk\mgf] gf]s/Lsf] l;nl;nfdf cGoq vl6Psf] jf ljb]zdf /x]sf]
/fi6«;]jsn] ph'/ ug{ kg]{ s'/fsf] ;DaGwdf lghsf] glhssf]
s'g} xsjfnf,
-u_ s'g} AolQmn] s'g} kb, cf]xbf jf cGo s'g} x}l;otn] ug'{ kg]{ s'g}
sfd jf ;+/If0f ug'{ kg]{ s'g} s'/fsf] ;DaGwdf To:tf] kb,
cf]xbf jf x}l;otdf /x]sf] AolQm,
-3_ ckfËtf ePsf] AolQm, afnaflnsf jf krxQ/ jif{ pd]/ gf3]sf]
AolQm jf zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s /f]un] c;dy{ ePsf] AolQmn]
ph'/ ug{ kfpg] s'/fsf] ;DaGwdf lghsf] Psf3/sf] xsjfnf /
To:tf] xsjfnf geP cGo s'g} xsjfnf jf ;+/Ifs,
-ª_ 
s;"/af6 s'g} ;Ël7t ;+:yfnfO{ Iflt k'u]sf]df To:tf] ;+:yfsf]
d'Vo eO{ sfd ug]{ clwsf/ k|fKt ;~rfns jf ;b:o, k|zf;s
jf k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t .

%#= ph'/L ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ o; ;+lxtfdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s cg';"rL–$
adf]lhdsf] s'g} s;"/sf] ;DaGWfdf cbfntdf b]xfosf] AolQmn] ph'/L lbg ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ s;"/af6 Iflt k'u]sf] AolQm,



45
-v_ cfk\mgf] gf]s/Lsf] l;nl;nfdf cGoq vl6Psf] jf ljb]zdf /x]sf]

/fi6«;]jsn] ph'/ ug{ kg]{ s'/fsf] ;DaGwdf lghsf] glhssf]
s'g} xsjfnf,
-u_ s'g} AolQmn] s'g} kb, cf]xbf jf cGo s'g} x}l;otn] ug'{ kg]{ s'g}
sfd jf ;+/If0f ug'{ kg]{ s'g} s'/fsf] ;DaGwdf To:tf] kb,
cf]xbf jf x}l;otdf /x]sf] AolQm,
-3_ alx/f, b[li6ljxLg afnaflnsf jf krxQ/ jif{ pd]/ gf3]sf]
AolQm jf zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s /f]un] c;dy{ ePsf] AolQmn]
ph'/ ug{ kfpg] s'/fsf] ;DaGwdf lghsf] Psf3/sf] xsjfnf /
To:tf] xsjfnf geP cGo s'g} xsjfnf jf ;+/Ifs,

-ª_ s;"/af6 s'g} ;Ël7t ;+:yfnfO{ Iflt k'u]sf]df To:tf] ;+:yfsf]
d'Vo eO{ sfd ug]{ clwsf/ k|fKt ;~rfns jf ;b:o, k|zf;s
jf k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ph'/L lbFbf b]xfosf] ljj/0f v'nfO{ cg';"rL–@!
adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf lbg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ 
cleo'Qm jf k|ltjfbLsf] gfd, y/, jtg -6f]n ;d]t_ x'lnof,
pd]/, k]zf jf Joj;fo, afa' cfdf jf klt jf kTgLsf] gfd,
-v_ 
cleo'Qm jf k|ltjfbLsf] gful/stf, /fxbfgL ;jf/L rfns
Ohfhtkq jf ;lhn};Fu k]mnf kfg{ ;lsg] cGo kl/rofTds
ljj/0f,
-u_ 
cleo'Qm jf k|ltjfbL /x] a;]sf] ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsf,
j8f g+=, ufpF, 6f]n, eP;Dd Ans g+= / cleo'Qmsf] yfxf
eP;Ddsf] cGo ljj/0f,
-3_ c?sf] 3/df 8]/f u/L a;]sf] eP yfxf eP;Dd 3/wgLsf] gfd,
y/ / 7]ufgf,

-ª_ cleo'Qm jf k|ltjfbLsf] :yfoL af;:yfg geP lgh a;]sf] 3/
wgLsf] gfd y/ / jtg,

46
-r_ s;"/ ;DaGwL ljj/0f,

-5_ Ps} k6sdf PseGbf a9L s;"/ ePsf] eP 
cleo'Qm jf
k|ltjfbL pk/ nufOPsf] k|To]s cleof]u jf cf/f]k /

tt\;DaGwL k|df0f,
-h_ k|of]u x'g' kg]{ ;DalGwt sfg"g / To;sf] cfwf/,
-em_ 
cleo'Qm jf k|ltjfbLnfO{ x'g' kg]{ ;hfosf] dfu bfjL / ;f]sf]
cfwf/,
-`_ s;"/af6 k'u]sf] Iflt / 
cleo'Qm jf k|ltjfbLaf6 Ifltk"lt{
e/fpg' kg]{ eP Ifltk"lt{sf] /sd / To;sf] cfwf/,
-6_ cGo cfjZos s'/f .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ ad]flhd ph'/L lbFbf To:tf] ph'/Lsf] ;fy 
cleo'Qm jf
k|ltjfbLsf] ;ª\Vof a/fj/sf] ph'/Lsf] gSsn / ph'/jfnfn] k]z ug{ rfx]sf] lnvt
k|df0fx?sf] Ps k|lt gSsn klg k]z ug'{ k5{ .

===============
%$= ;+o'Qm ?kdf d'2f rnfpg ;lsg] M -!_ b]xfosf AolQmx? pk/ Pp6} cleof]ukq,
k|ltj]bg, ph'/L, lkm/fbkq jf cfb]z krf{af6 d'2f rnfpg ;lsg]5 M–
-s_ Pp6} sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf Pp6} jf ljleGg s;"/ ug]{ AolQmx?,
-v_ Pp6} sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf geP klg ;+o'Qm ?kdf jf
ldnf]dtf]af6 Ps jf PseGbf a9L s;"/ ug]{ AolQmx?, jf
-u_ Ps csf]{;Fu ;DalGwt ljleGg s;"/ ug]{ AolQmx? .
-@_ b]xfosf s;"/x?df ;+nUg AolQmx?sf] xsdf Pp6} cleof]ukq, k|ltj]bg,
ph'/L, lkm/fbkq jf cfb]z krf{af6 d'2f rnfpg ;lsg]5 M–
-s_ s;"/sf] pBf]u, b'?T;fxg jf ck/flws if8oGq,
-v_ dltof/ ePsf] s;"/,
-u_ s;"/af6 k|fKt s'g} rLhj:t' /fv]sf], lsg]sf], a]r]sf], lbPsf] jf
lnPsf] s;"/,


47
-3_ s;"/ ug]{ dg;fon] s'g} rLhj:t' /fv]sf], a]r]sf] lbPsf] jf

lnPsf] s;"/, jf
-ª_ s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt s'g} AolQmnfO{ n'sfPsf] jf eufPsf] s;"/ .
%%= k|To]s s;"/ jf cleo'Qmsf] ;DaGwdf 5'§f 5'§} ph'/L lbg' kg]{ M bkmf %# / %$ df
cGoyf n]lvPsf]df afx]s k|To]s s;"/ jf cleo'Qmsf] ;DaGwdf 5'§f5'§} cleof]ukq jf
ph'/L lbg' jf cfb]z krf{ v8f ug'{ kg]{5 .
%^= g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ jfbL sfod ug]{ M bkmf %@ sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] ph'/Laf6
rn]sf] d'2f afx]s cg';"rL–! / cg';"rL–@ cGtu{tsf s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2fdf g]kfn
;/sf/nfO{ jfbL sfod u/L d'2fsf] sf/afxL rnfOg]5 .
kl/R5]b–^
kqmfp k"hL{ / ;dfXjfg
%&= kqmfp ug]{ jf ;dfXjfg hf/L ug]{ M -!_ o; ;+lxtf adf]lhd ph'/L k/]kl5 cg';"rL–!
/ cg';"rL–@ df plNnlvt s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2fdf ph'/L;fy pkl:yt gePsf
cleo'QmnfO{ pkl:yt u/fpg cbfntn] o; kl/R5]bsf] cwLgdf /xL cfjZostf
cg';f/ kqmfp k"hL{ jf ;dfXjfg hf/L ug]{5 .
-@_ b]xfosf] s;"/sf] cleo'QmnfO{ pkl:yt u/fpg cbfntn] pkbkmf -!_
adf]lhd kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L ug]{5 M–
-s_ h3Go s;"/ jf uDeL/ s;"/,
-v_ v08 -s_ df plNnlvt s'g} s;"/sf] pBf]u, b'?T;fxg jf
cfk/flws if8oGq u/]sf] jf ;f] s;"/df dltof/ ePsf] s;"/ jf
To:tf s;"/sf] cleo'QmnfO{ n'sfPsf] jf eufPsf] s;"/ .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ df plNnlvt s;"/ afx]s cGo s;"/sf] cleo'QmnfO{
cbfntdf pkl:yt u/fpg cbfntn] cfjZostf cg';f/ ;dfXjfg hf/L ug]{5 .
t/ cleo'Qm efuL kqmfp x'g g;Sg] ;Defjgf 5 eGg] ljZjf; ug'{ kg]{
dgfl;a sf/0f ePdf jf ;dfJxfgdf tf]lsPsf] Dofbdf cleo'Qm cbfntdf pkl:yt
gePdf To:tf] cleo'Qmsf xsdf cbfntn] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L ug{
;Sg]5 .
48
-$_ cbfntdf bflvn ug'{ kg]{ s'g} lnvt jf b;L k|df0f n'sfpg] jf gf; ug]{
;Defjgf 5 eGg] ljZjf; ug'{ kg]{ dgfl;a sf/0f ePdf jf pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd hf/L
ePsf] ;dfXjfgdf tf]lsPsf] Dofbleq s'g} lnvt jf b;L k|df0f cbfntdf bflvn
gu/]df cbfntn] To:tf] lnvt jf b;L k|df0f bflvn ug'{ kg]{ st{Jo ePsf] AolQmnfO{
kqmfp u/L pkl:yt u/fpg kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L ePsf]df cbfntn] To; bkmfdf
plNnlvt lnvt jf b;L k|df0f /x]sf] 7fpFsf] tnf;L lnO{ cbfntdf bflvn ug{ s'g}
sd{rf/L jf s'g} k|x/L clws[tnfO{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhdsf] sd{rf/L jf k|x/L clws[tn] s'g} 7fpFsf]
vfgtnf;L ubf{ bkmf !* adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ cbfntn] o; bkmf adf]lhd s'g} cleo'QmnfO{ pkl:yt u/fpg kqmfp k"hL{
jf ;dfXjfg hf/L ubf{ ph'/Lsf] Joxf]/f ;d]t v'Ng] u/L cg';"rL–@@ adf]lhdsf]
9fFrfdf ;"rgf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
%*= kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L ug]{ sfo{ljlw M -!_ cbfntn] o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L
ubf{ kqmfp ug'{ kg]{ AolQmsf] k"/f gfd / 7]ufgf tyf kqmfp ug'{ kg]{ sf/0f :ki6 ?kdf
pNn]v u/L cleo'Qmsf] ;DaGwdf eP cg';"rL–@# adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf / ;fIfL tyf
cGo AolQmsf] ;DaGwdf eP cg';"rL–@$ adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L ug'{
kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd hf/L ePsf] kqmfp k"hL{df ;DalGwt clwsf/Ln]
;xL5fk u/L cbfntsf] 5fk nufpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L ubf{ kqmfp ug'{ kg]{ AolQm /x]
a;]sf] jf /xg a:g ;Sg] Onfsfsf] k|x/L sfof{nosf] gfpFdf hf/L ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/ cbfntn] cfjZos ;De]mdf cbfnts} sd{rf/Lsf] gfpFdf klg kqmfp k"hL{
hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ o; bkmf adf]lhd hf/L ePsf] kqmfp k"hL{ tfd]n geP;Dd jf
cbfntaf6 ab/ geP;Dd sfod /xg]5 .
49
-%_ kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L ePsf] AolQmnfO{ To:tf k"hL{ adf]lhd kqmfp ug{
;lsg]5 / To; adf]lhd s'g} AolQmnfO{ kqmfp ubf{ lghnfO{ kqmfp k"hL{ b]vfO{ bkmf
%& sf] pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd k7fPsf] ;"rgf ;d]t lghnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-^_ kqmfp k"hL{ adf]lhd kqmfp ul/Psf] AolQmnfO{ af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s rf}aL;
306fdf ga9fO{ oyf;Dej rfF8f] ;DalGwt cbfntdf pkl:yt u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-&_ k|x/Ln] kqmfp k"hL{ k|fKt u/]sf] ldltn] ;ft lbgleq kqmfp ug'{ kg]{ AolQm
k]mnf k/]g eg] ;DalGwt k|x/L sfof{non] lghsf] vf]hL ub}{ /xL To;kl5 To:tf] AolQm
/x] a;]sf] 3/ 7]ufgfdf uO{ lghsf] gfpFdf hf/L ePsf] cg';"rL–@% adf]lhdsf]
9fFrfdf k}FtL; lbg] kqmfp k"hL{ lghsf] Psf3/sf pd]/ k'u]sf AolQmnfO{ a'emfO{ ;f]sf]
e/kfO{{ ld;Ln ;fd]n /fVg' kg]{5 .
-*_ pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhdsf AolQmn] To:tf] k"hL{ a'emL glnP jf k]mnf gk/]
:yfgLo txsf] ;DalGwt j8f ;ldltsf ;b:o pknAw eP lgh / lgh klg pknAw
geP sDtLdf b'O{ hgf :yfgLo AolQmnfO{ ;fIfL /fvL lghsf] 3/ b}nf]df 6fF;L Ps
k|lt k"hL{{ cbfntdf NofO{ a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
-(_ pkbkmf -*_ adf]lhd ;DalGwt AolQm /x] a;]sf] 3/df ;"rgf 6fF; u/]sf]
k"hL{sf] Ps k|lt :yfgLo txsf] ;DalGwt j8f sfof{nodf ;d]t a'emfO{ To;sf] e/kfO{{
ldl;n ;fd]n /fVg' kg]{5 .
-!)_ pkbkmf -(_ adf]lhd k"hL{ a'emfPsf]df :yfgLo txsf] ;DalGwt j8f
sfof{non] To:tf] k"hL{ k|fKt ePkl5 ;DalGwt AolQmnfO{ To;sf] hfgsf/L u/fO{ cfˆgf]
;"rgf kf6Ldf ;d]t 6fF; ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!!_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L
ul/Psf] AolQm kqmfp kg'{eGbf cufj} cfk}Fm cbfntdf pkl:yt ePdf lghnfO{ kqmfp
u/L y'gfdf /fVg' kg]{ jf gkg]{ ;DaGwdf sfg"g adf]lhd ;'g'jfO{ ug'{ kg]{5 / lghsf]
gfddf klxn] hf/L ePsf] kqmfp k'hL{ ab/ u/L ;DalGwt clwsf/LnfO{ To;sf]
hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 .

50
-!@_ kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L ePsf] AolQm lghsf] 7]ufgf afx]s cGo s'g} lhNnfdf
uO{ a;]sf] 5 eGg] kIfsf] lgj]bg jf cGo s'g} dfWodaf6 cbfntnfO{ hfgsf/L ePdf
cbfntn] lgh /x] a;]sf] lhNnfdf klg kqmfp k"hL{ k7fpg ;Sg]5 .
-!#_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd hf/L ePsf] kqmfp k"hL{sf] Dofbleq cleo'Qm xflh/
geO{ km/f/ /x]df jf cleo'Qmsf] olsg atg v'Ng g;s]df jf cleo'Qm /x] a;]sf]

7fpF kQf gnfu]df cbfntn] To:tf] cleo'Qmsf] x'lnof lbO{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
:jfldTjdf /x]sf] /fli6«:t/sf] b}lgs ;dfrf/kqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L ;DalGwt
cbfntsf] ;"rgf kf6Ldf 6fF:g ;Sg]5 .
-!$_ pkbkmf -!#_ adf]lhd ;"rgf k|sflzt ePkl5 cleo'Qmn] /Ltk"j{s ;"rgf
kfPsf] dflgg]5 / lghnfO{ h'g;'s} k|x/L sfof{no jf sd{rf/Ln] h'g;'s} avt kqmfp
u/L bfv]n ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-!%_ pkbkmf -!#_ adf]lhd ;"rgf k|sfzg ePkl5 h'g;'s} avt cbfntn]
kqmfp k"hL{ adf]lhd kqmfp ug{' kg]{ AolQmsf] xssf] ;DklQ /f]Ssf ug{ cfb]z lbg
;Sg]5 .
-!^_ pkbkmf -!%_ adf]lhd ;DklQ /f]Ssf ug]{ cfb]z ePsf]df To;sf]
hfgsf/L ;DalGwt dfnkf]t sfof{no jf cGo lgsfo jf ;+:yfnfO{ lbO{ To;sf] ;"rgf
cbfntsf] ;"rgf kf6Ldf 6fF:g' kg]{5 .
-!&_ pkbkmf -!^_ adf]lhd ;DklQ /f]Ssf /fVg cbfntaf6 n]vL cfPsf]df
;DalGwt dfnkf]t sfof{no jf lgsfo jf ;+:yfn] To:tf] ;DklQ t'?Gt /f]Ssf /fvL
To;sf] hfgsf/L /f]Ssf /fVg] cbfntnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-!*_ cbfntaf6 pkbkmf -!%_ adf]lhd ;DklQ /f]Ssf /fVg] cfb]z ePsf]df
k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg To:tf] ;DklQ To:tf] cfb]z ePsf]
ldltaf6 g} /f]Ssf ePsf] dflgg]5 .
-!(_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd kqmfp ug'{ kg]{ AolQm cbfntdf pkl:yt ePkl5
d'2fsf] sf/afxL h'g;'s} cj:yfdf k'u]sf] eP tfklg cbfntn] ;DalGwt dfnkf]t
sfof{no jf cGo lgsfo jf ;+:yfnfO{ o; bkmf adf]lhd /f]Ssf /fv]sf] To:tf] AolQmsf]
;DklQ t'?Gt k'ms'jf ug]{ cfb]z lbg' kg]{5 .

51

%(= ;dfXjfg hf/L ug]{ sfo{ljlw M -!_ cbfntn] o; ;+lxtf adf]lhd cleo'Qm jf
k|ltjfbLsf] gfpFdf cbfntdf pkl:yt x'g ;dfXjfg hf/L ubf{ af6fsf] Dofb afx]s
PSsfO{; lbgsf] cjlw tf]sL Dofb hf/L ug{' kg]{5 .

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cleo'Qm jf k|ltjfbLsf] gfpFdf ;dfXjfg hf/L ubf{
cg';"rL–$ df plNnlvt s;"/ afx]ssf] d'2fdf cg';"rL–@^ adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf /
cg';"rL–$ df plNnlvt s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2fdf cg';"rL–@& adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf Dofb
hf/L ug{' kg]{5 .

-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq pkl:yt x'g g;s]sf] sf/0f b]vfO{
;dfXjfgsf] Dofb yfdL kfpg lgj]bg lbPdf / To:tf] Joxf]/f dgfl;a b]lvPdf
cbfntn] Psk6ssf] nflu a9Ldf kG„ lbg;Ddsf] ;dfXjfgsf] Dofb yfdL lbg] cfb]z
lbg ;Sg]5 .

-$_ =============
-%_ o; bkmf adf]lhd tfd]n ePsf] ;dfJxfgdf tf]lsPsf] Dofbleq pkl:yt
gx'g] cleo'Qm jf k|ltjfbLsf] xsdf lghnfO{ kqmfp u/L pkl:yt u/fpg' kg]{] eGg]
cbfntnfO{ nfu]df bkmf %& sf] pkbkmf -#_ sf] k|ltjGwfTds jfSof+z adf]lhd kqmfp
k"hL{ hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
t/ sfa" aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt k/L tf]lsPsf] Dofbleq pkl:yt x'g g;s]sf]
sf/0f b]vfO{ cleo'Qmn] lgj]bg lbPdf / cbfntn] lgj]bgsf] Joxf]/f dgfl;a 7x/fPdf
sfa" aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt sfod /x]sf] cjlw JotLt ePsf] ldltn] af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s
a9Ldf kGw| lbg;Ddsf] Dofb yfdL lbg] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; ;+lxtfsf] k|of]hgsf nflu æsfa" aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt sfod
/x]sf] cjlwÆ eGgfn] b]xfosf] cjlwnfO{ hgfpF5 M–
-s_ cbfntdf pkl:yt x'g' kg]{ AolQmsf] sf]xL d[To' eO{ k/Dk/f

cg';f/ lgh cfk}mF lsl/of jf lsl/of ;/xsf] zf]sj/0f u/L
a:g' k/]sf] eP To:tf] AolQmsf] d[To' ePsf] kGw| lbg k'u]sf]
ldltn] af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s ;ft lbg,


52
-v_ cbfntdf pkl:yt x'g' kg]{ AolQm dlxnf eO{ ;'Ts]/L ePsf] eP
;'Ts]/L ePsf] ldltn] af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s ;f7L lbg,
-u_ cbfntdf pkl:yt x'g' kg]{ Dofbleq vf]nf] klx/f] jf lxpFn]
af6f] aGb eO{ jf sˆo"{sf] 3f]if0ff ePsf] jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn]
;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf] ;fwg grn]sf] eP af6f] v'n]sf] jf
;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf] ;fwg rn]sf] ldltn] af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s
kGw| lbg,
-3_ cbfntdf pkl:yt x'g' kg]{ Dofbleq e"sDk jf Hjfnfd'vL
h:tf ljkb\ k/]sf] eP To:tf] ePsf] ldltn] af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s
bz lbg,
-ª_ cbfntdf pkl:yt x'g' kg]{ AolQmnfO{ s;}n] ckx/0f u/L nu]sf]
jf z/L/ aGws agfPsf] eP To:tf] ckx/0f jf aGwsaf6 d'Qm
ePsf] ldltn] af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s kGw| lbg,
-r_ cbfntdf pkl:yt x'g' kg]{ AolQm s'g} b'3{6gfsf] sf/0f cr]t
jf lxF88'n ug{ g;Sg] eO{ jf czQm lj/fdL ePsf] sf/0f
lxF88'n ug{ g;Sg] eO{ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t c:ktfndf
egf{ eO{ pkrf/ u/fPsf]df cg';"rL–$ adf]lhdsf] d'2fsf]
kIfsf] xsdf kGw| lbg / cGo d'2fsf] kIfsf] xsdf tLg
dlxgfeGbf a9L gx'g] u/L c:ktfnaf6 l8:rfh{ geP;Ddsf]
cjlw .
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ sf] v08 -s_ / -ª_ sf] cj:yfdf ;Dej eP;Dd ;DalGwt
AolQmn] cbfntnfO{ ;f]sf] ;"Rfgf t'?Gt lbg' kg]{5 .

-&_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd lbOg] lgj]bg ;fy sfa"aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt pTkGg
ePsf] Joxf]/f k'i6L ug{ cfjZos kg]{ k|df0f ;+nUg ug{' kg]{5 .
^)= ;fIfLsf] gfddf ;dfXjfg hf/L ug{ ;Sg] M o; ;+lxtf adf]lhd cbfntn] ;fIfLsf
gfddf ;dfXjfg hf/L ubf{ cfjZos ljj/0f pNn]v u/L cg';"rL–@* adf]lhdsf]
9fFrfdf hf/L ug'{ kg]{5 .

53
^!= ;dfXjfgsf] tfd]nL M -!_ ;dfXjfg tfd]n ug{ k7fpbf tLg k|lt ;dfXjfg k"hL{ lbO{
s'g} k|x/L sd{rf/L, cbfntsf] s'g} sd{rf/L jf cbfntn] tf]s]sf] cGo s'g} ;/sf/L
sfof{noåf/f tfd]n u/fpg k7fpg' kg]{5 .

-@_ o; ;+lxtf adf]lhd hf/L ePsf] ;dfx\jfg h'g AolQmsf] gfddf hf/L
ePsf] xf] oyf;Dej ;f]xL AolQmnfO{ a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;dfXjfg a'emfpg hfFbf ;DalGwt AolQm k]mnf
gk/]df jf k]mnf k/] klg lghn] a'emL glnPdf lghsf] Psf3/sf] sDtLdf c7f/ jif{
pd]/ k'lu;s]sf] s'g} AolQmnfO{ a'emfpg ;lsg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ;DalGwt AolQm jf Psf3/sf AolQm k]mnf gk/]df
jf k]mnf k/]df klg lghn] jf lghsf] Psf3/sf AolQmn] ;d]t a'emL glnPdf :yfgLo
txsf] ;DalGwt j8fsf] ;b:o Ps hgf / sDtLdf b'O{ hgf :yfgLo AolQm ;d]t /fvL
cfk\mgf] tyf lghx?sf] ;d]t ;xL5fk u/fO{ Ps k|lt lghsf] 3/ b}nfdf 6fF;L Ps k|lt

Dofb ;DalGwt :yfgLo txsf] ;DalGwt j8f sfof{nodf a'emfO{ Ps k|lt tfd]nL
;dfXjfg cbfntdf bflvnf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd k|fKt ePsf] ;dfXjfg adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf :yfgLo
txsf] ;DalGwt j8f sfof{non] cfˆgf] ;"rgf kf6Ldf 6f+F; ug'{ kg]{5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd ;dfXjfg hf/L ul/Psf] AolQmsf] ;dfJxfgdf
plNnlvt 7]ufgfdf a;f]af; gePsf] eGg] s'/f :yfgLo txsf] ;DalGwt j8f ;ldltsf]
sDtLdf Ps hgf ;b:o / sDtLdf b'O{ hgf :yfgLo AolQmx?n] k|dfl0ft u/]df lghsf]
a;f]af; ePsf] 7]ufgf v'Ng ;Sg] eP v'nfO{ / v'Ng g;Sg] eP ;f]xL Joxf]/f hgfO{
;dfXjfg cbfntdf lkmtf{ a'emfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd ;dfXjfg lkmtf{ ePsf]df cbfntn] lgh a;f]af;
u/]sf] 7fpFdf jf 7fpF gv'n]df jfbL kIfnfO{ ;d]t a'emL cfjZostf cg';f/ 7]ufgf
v'nfO{ csf]{ ;dfXjfg hf/L ug]{5 .
-*_ g]kfn ;/sf/ jf s'g} ;Ël7t ;+:yfsf] kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/Lsf gfddf
;dfXjfg tfd]n ug'{ k/]df To:tf] kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/L jxfn /x]sf] sfof{nodf
;dfXjfg tfd]n ug{ ;lsg]5 .

54
-(_ pkbkmf -*_ adf]lhd s'g} ;dfXjfg tfd]n ug{ k7fPsf]df To:tf] sfof{no
jf ;+:yfsf] tTsfn pknAw ePsf] k|d'vn] Ps k|lt ;dfXjfg ;DalGwt kbflwsf/L jf
sd{rf/LnfO{ a'emfO{ csf]{ k|ltdf tfd]nLsf] Joxf]/f / ldlt hgfO{ ;Dej ePdf
;DalGwt kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/Lsf] ;xL5fk u/fO{ cbfntdf lkmtf{ k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-!)_ pkbkmf -(_ adf]lhd ;dfXjfg tfd]n x'g g;s]df ;DalGwt sfof{no jf
;+:yfsf] ;"rgf kf6Ldf To:tf] ;dfXjfg 6fF;L lbg' kg]{5 . o;/L ;"rgf kf6Ldf
6fFl;Psf] k|ltj]bg ;DalGwt cbfntdf lbg' kg]{5 .
-!!_ pkbkmf -*_ adf]lhd ;dfXjfg tfd]n ubf{ To:tf] kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/L
labfdf /x]sf]df ;DalGwt sfof{no jf ;+:yfn] oyfzL3| To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{ To;/L
;dfXjfg tfd]n ePsf] Joxf]/fsf] ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 .
-!@_ s'g} ;Ël7t ;+:yfsf] gfddf ;dfXjfg tfd]n ug'{ k/]df To:tf]
;dfXjfgsf] Ps k|lt To:tf] ;+:yfsf] k|wfg jf :yfgLo sfof{nodf a'emfO{ ;f]sf]]
e/kfO{{ cbfntdf a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
-!#_ pkbkmf -!@_ adf]lhd :yfgLo sfof{nodf ;dfXjfg tfd]n ePsf]df ;f]
;dfXjfg To:tf] ;+:yfsf] k|wfg sfof{nodf tfd]n ePsf] dflgg]5 .
-!$_ o; bkmf adf]lhd ;dfXjfg tfd]n ubf{ tfd]n ePsf] ldlt / Joxf]/f
pNn]v u/L tfd]n ug]{ sd{rf/Ln] cbfntdf k|ltj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-!%_ s'g} cbfntn] cfk\mgf] If]qeGbf aflx/sf] cGo s'g} If]qdf a;f]af;
ul//x]sf] s'g} AolQmnfO{ ;dfXjfg tfd]n ug'{ kg]{ ePdf To:tf] If]qsf] cbfntdf
;dfXjfg k7fO{ ;f] cbfnt dfkm{t tfd]n u/fpg' kg]{5 / To:tf] cbfntn] klg o;
kl/R5]b adf]lhd ;dfXjfg tfd]n u/fO{ To;sf] Ps k|lt ;dfXjfg hf/L ug]{
cbfntdf lkmtf{ k7fOlbg' kg]{5 .
-!^_ o; bkmf adf]lhd ;dfXjfg tfd]nL ubf{ cleo'QmnfO{ bkmf %& sf]
pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd k7fOPsf] ;"rgf klg ;dfXjfg ;fy} a'emfpg jf cj:yfcg';f/
3/ b}nf]df 6fF:g' kg]{5 .
^@= 5fkf jf ljB'tLo ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 ;dfXjfg tfd]n ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ s'g} ;dfXjfg
bkmf ^! adf]lhd tfd]n ug{ g;lsPsf]df cbfntn] To:tf] ;dfXjfgsf] Joxf]/f g]kfn
55
;/sf/sf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] /fli6«o :t/sf] s'g} b}lgs ;dfrf/kqdf k|sfzg u/L jf
ljB'tLo ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k|;f/0f u/L tfd]nL ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adff]lhd ;dfXjfg k|sfzg jf k|;f/0f ePsf]df To:tf]
;dfXjfg /Ltk"j{s tfd]n ePsf] dflgg]5 .
^#= kqmfp k"hL{sf] tfd]nL M -!_ kqmfp k"hL{ tfd]n ug{ k7fpFbf tLg k|lt kqmfp k"hL{

k7fO{ h'g AolQmsf gfddf hf/L ePsf] xf] e/;s lghnfO{ g} a'emfO{ kqmfp u/L
Nofpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd hf/L ul/Psf] kqmfp k"hL{ h;sf] gfddf hf/L
ul/Psf] xf] To:tf] AolQmn] a'lemlng' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd kqmfp k"hL{ a'emfpg hfFbf ;DalGwt AolQm k]mnf
gk/]df lghsf] Psf3/sf] sDtLdf c7f/ jif{ pd]/ k'lu;s]sf] s'g} AolQmnfO{ a'emfpg
;lsg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ;DalGwt AolQm jf Psf3/sf AolQm k]mnf gk/]df jf
k]mnf k/]df klg lghn] jf lghsf] Psf3/sf] AolQmn] ;d]t a'emL glnPdf :yfgLo
txsf] ;DalGwt j8f ;ldltsf ;b:o pknAw eP lgh / lgh klg pknAw geP
sDtLdf b'O{hgf :yfgLo JolQm ;fIfL /fvL cfk\mgf] tyf lghx?sf] ;d]t ;xL5fk u/fO{
Ps k|lt lghsf] 3/ b}nfdf 6fF;L Ps k|lt :yfgLo txsf] ;DalGwt j8f sfof{nodf
a'emfO{ Ps k|lt tfd]nL kqmfp k"hL{ cbfntdf bflvnf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd k|fKt ePsf] kqmfp k"hL{ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf :yfgLo
txsf] ;DalGwt j8f sfof{non] cfkmgf] ;"rgf kf6Ldf 6fF; ug'{ kg]{5 .
-^_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd hf/L ePsf] kqmfp k"hL{ adf]lhd kqmfp ug'{ kg]{
AolQmsf] plNnlvt 7]ufgfdf a;f]af; gePsf] s'/f To:tf] 7fpFdf a;f]af; ug]{
sDtLdf b'O{ hgf AolQmx? / :yfgLo txsf] ;DalGwt j8f ;ldltsf] sDtLdf Ps hgf
;b:on] k|dfl0ft u/]df lghsf] a;f]af; ePsf] 7fpF v'Ng ;Sg] eP v'nfO{ / v'Ng
g;Sg] eP ;f]xL Joxf]/f hgfO{ kqmfp k"hL{ cbfntdf lkmtf{ a'emfOlbg' kg]{5 .

56
-&_ pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd kqmfp k"hL{ lkmtf{ ePsf]df cbfntn] lgh a;f]af;
u/]sf] 7]ufgfdf jf To:tf] 7]ufgf gv'n] jfbL kIfnfO{ v'nfpg df}sf lbO{ cfjZostf
cg';f/ csf]{ kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L ug'{ kg]{5 .
-*_ o; bkmf adf]lhd kqmfp k"hL{ tfd]n ubf{ tfd]n ePsf] ldlt / Joxf]/f
pNn]v u/L tfd]n ug]{ sd{rf/Ln] cbfntdf k|ltj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-(_ s'g} cbfntn] cfk\mgf] clwsf/ If]qeGbf aflx/sf] cGo s'g} If]qdf a;f]af;
u/L /x]sf] s'g} AolQmnfO{ kqmfp k"hL{ tfd]n ug'{ kg]{ ePdf To:tf] If]qsf] cbfntdf
kqmfp k"hL{ k7fO{ To:tf] cbfnt dfkm{t tfd]n u/fpg' kg]{5 / To:tf] cbfntn] klg
o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd kqmfp k"hL{ tfd]n u/fO{ To;sf] Ps k|lt kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L ug]{
cbfntdf lkmtf{ k7fOlbg' kg]{5 .
-!)_ pkbkmf -*_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bg lbg] sd{rf/Ln] o; bkmf adf]lhdsf]
sfo{ljlw ckgfpFbf kqmfp k"hL{ tfd]n x'g g;s]sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ k|ltj]bg lbPdf o;
bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;DalGwt AolQmsf] gfddf hf/L ePsf]
kqmfp k"hL{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] /fli6«o :t/sf] b}lgs ;dfrf/kqdf
k|sfzg u/L tfd]n ug{ ;lsg]5 / To;/L tfd]n ePsf] kqmfp k"hL{ /Ltk"j{s tfd]n
ePsf] dflgg]5 .
-!!_ kqmfp k"hL{ tfd]nL ubf{ cleo'QmnfO{ bkmf %& sf] pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd
k7fOPsf] ;"rgf klg kqmfp k"hL{ ;fy} a'emfpg jf cj:yf cg';f/ lghsf] 3/ b}nf]df
6fF:g' kg]{5 .
^$= ljb]zdf /x] a;]sf cleo'Qmsf gfddf kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L ug{ jf ;dfXjfg tfd]n ug{
;lsg] M -!_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} cbfntdf
ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] s'g} s;"/sf] cleo'Qm ljb]zdf /x] a;]sf] eP To:tf AolQmsf] gfddf
kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L ug'{kbf{ jf ;dfXjfg tfd]n ug'{ kbf{ kf/:kl/s sfg"g ;xfotf
;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd To:tf] AolQmsf] gfddf kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L ug{ jf
;dfXjfg tfd]n ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd hf/L ePsf] kqmfp k"hL{ jf ;dfXjfg tfd]n ePsf]
;"rgf g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ k|fKt ePdf ;f]sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt cbfntnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
57
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd hf/L ePsf] kqmfp k"hL{ jf ;dfXjfg tfd]n x'g
g;s]df To:tf] kqmfp k"hL{ jf ;dfXjfg g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] /fli6«o
:t/sf] b}lgs ;dfrf/kqdf k|sfzg u/L jf ljB'tLo ;~rf/ dfWoddf k|;f/0f u/L
tfd]n ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L ePsf]df jf ;dfXjfg tfd]n
ePsf]df o;} ;+lxtf adf]lhd hf/L ePsf] jf tfd]n ePsf] dflgg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L eO{ ;DalGwt d'n'ssf] k|x/Ln]
cleo'QmnfO{ kqmfp u/L s'g} k|x/L sfof{nonfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/]df lghnfO{ af6f]sf]
Dofb afx]s a9Ldf rf}aL; 306fleq oyflz3| ;DalGwt cbfntdf pkl:yt u/fpg'
kg]{5 .
-^_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg o; bkmf adf]lhd
ljb]zdf /x] a;]sf] AolQmsf] gfddf kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L x'g jf ;dfXjfg tfd]n x'g
g;s]sf]df ;f]xL sf/0fn] dfq d'2fsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug{ afwf k'u]sf] dflgg] 5}g .
^%= km/f/ /x]sf] AolQmsf] ;DaGwdf ljz]if Joj:yf M -!_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd kqmfp k"hL{
hf/L eO{ k]mnf kg{ g;sL kqmfp x'g g;s]sf] jf km/f/ /xL cbfntdf pkl:yt gx'g]
AolQmsf xsdf kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L ePsf] k}+tL; lbgsf] ef]lnkN6b]lv lgh cbfntdf
pkl:yt geP;Dd b]xfosf s'/fdf b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M–
-s_ To:tf] AolQm g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/, :yfgLo tx,
;+j}wflgs lgsfo jf s'g} ;/sf/L sfof{no, g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z
;/sf/ jf :yfgLo txsf] k"0f{ jf cf+lzs :jfldTj jf
lgoGq0fdf /x]sf] ;Ël7t ;+:yf, z}lIfs jf k|fl1s ;+:yf jf
cGo s'g} ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfsf] axfnjfnf kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/L
eP lgh cfkm\gf] kbaf6 :jtM lgnDag ePsf] dflgg]5,
-v_ To:tf] AolQmsf] ;DklQ bkmf %* sf] pkbkmf
-!%_ adf]lhd /f]Ssf ePsf] /x]g5 eg] lghsf] gfddf /x]sf]
crn ;DklQ ;f]xL pkbkmf adf]lhd /f]Ssf /flvg]5,

58
-u_ To:tf] AolQmsf] gfddf jf Psn :jfldTjdf /x]sf] pBf]u,

Jofkf/ jf Joj;fo jf cfos/ btf{ ;DaGwL kmd{, pBf]u,
Ohfht kq OToflb gjLs/0f ug'{ kg]{ ePdf gjLs/0f ug]{ sfo{
:jtM d'ntjL /xg]5,
-3_ To:tf] AolQmsf] gfddf /x]sf] lwtf]kqsf] sf/f]af/ :jtM /f]Ssf
x'g]5,
-ª_ To:tf] AolQmn] sfg"g adf]lhd k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] tna, eQf,
pkbfg, lgj[lQe/0f h:tf ;'ljwfx? :jtM /f]Ssf /x]sf] dflgg]5,
-r_ To:tf] AolQmn] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd k]6]06, l8hfOg, 6]«8dfs{,
k|ltlnkL clwsf/ h:tf af}l4s ;DklQaf6 k|fKt ug]{ /f]oN6L
nfe jf ;'ljwf :jtM /f]Ssf /x]sf] dflgg]5,
-5_ To:tf] AolQmsf] gfddf a}Í vftf /x]sf] hfgsf/L eP To:tf]
vftfsf] ;~rfng /f]Ssf /fVg n]vL cfPdf a}Í vftf /f]Ssf
/fVg' kg]{5,
-h_ To:tf] AolQmnfO{ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd gful/stfsf]
k|df0fkq, /fxbfgL jf hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{ pknAw gu/fpg
n]vL cfPdf ;DalGwt lgsfon] gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq, /fxbfgL
jf hUuf wgL k|df0f k"hf{ pknAw u/fpg x'Fb}g,
-em_ To:tf] AolQm g]kfn aflx/ /x] a;]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt x'g cfPdf
jf g]kfn ;/sf/ kIf /x]sf] ;lGw jf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
;k'b{uL ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf /x]5 eg] To; ;DaGwL sf/afxL /
To:tf] cj:yf gePdf s;"/sf] uDeL/tf x]/L lghnfO{ kqmfp
ug{ s"6g}lts dfWod dfk{mt ;DalGwt d'n's jf ;Da4
cGt//fli6«o ;+:yfnfO{ cg'/f]w ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] Joj:yfnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg cbfntn] ;DalGwt
clwsf/L jf lgsfonfO{ To;sf] ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 .
59
^^= cbfntdf g} Dofb tfd]n ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]
eP tfklg s'g} cbfntaf6 b]xfosf AolQmsf gfddf hf/L ePsf] Dofb, kqmfp k"hL{,
;dfx\jfg jf ;"rgf To:tf] AolQmnfO{ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf cbfntdf g} a'emfO{ tfd]n
ug{ ;lsg]5 M–
-s_ ;DalGwt cbfntsf sd{rf/L jf kbflwsf/L eP lgh cbfntdf
xflh/ x'Fbf,
-v_ ;DalGwt cbfntdf csf]{ s'g} d'2fdf tfl/vdf /x]sf] kIf eP
To:tf] tfl/vdf pkl:yt x'Fbf,
-u_ ;DalGwt cbfntdf /x]sf] s'g} d'2fdf s'g} kIfnfO{ k|ltlglwTj
ug]{ jfl/; eP To;/L k|ltlglwTj u/L pkl:yt x'Fbf,
-3_ ;DalGwt cbfntdf sfg"g Joj;fosf] l;nl;nfdf pkl:yt x'g]
sfg"g Joj;foL eP To:tf] Joj;fosf] l;nl;nfdf pkl:yt
x'Fbf, jf
-ª_ ;DalGwt cbfntdf ;fIfLsf] ?kdf pkl:yt ePsf] AolQm eP
;f] x}l;otdf pkl:yt x'Fbf .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf AolQmsf gfddf cbfntaf6 hf/L ePsf] Dofb,
kqmfp k"hL{, ;dfx\jfg jf ;"rgf lgh ;DalGwt cbfntdf pkl:yt x'Fbfsf avt
a'emfpg NofPdf lghn] a'lemlng' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd a'emfpg NofpFbf To:tf] Dofb, kqmfp k"hL{,

;dfx\jfg jf ;"rgf lghn] a'lemlng OGsf/ u/]df tfd]nbf/n] To:tf] s'/fsf] k|ltj]bg
;DalGwt cbfntdf t'?Gt ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd k/]sf] k|ltj]bgsf] Joxf]/f dgfl;a b]lvPdf To:tf
AolQmn] lghsf] gfddf hf/L ePsf] To:tf] Dofb, kqmfp k"hL{, ;dfx\jfg jf ;"rgf
ga'em];Dd ;DalGwt cbfntn] lghnfO{ jfl/;sf] x}l;otdf k|ltlglwTj ug{, tfl/v
lng, sfg"g Joj;fo ug{ jf ;fIfLsf] x}l;otdf askq ug{ /f]s nufpg] cfb]z
ug]{5 .

60
kl/R5]b –&
y'g5]s, w/f}6 tyf hdfgt ;DaGwL Joj:yf
^&= cleo'QmnfO{ y'gfdf /fVg] M -!_ b]xfosf] s'g} s;"/sf] cleof]u nfu]sf] cleo'Qm tTsfn
k|fKt k|df0faf6 s;"/bf/ b]lvg] ePdf jf s;"/bf/ xf] eGg] ljZjf; ug]{ s'g} dgfl;a
cfwf/ ePdf cbfntn] To:tf] cleo'QmnfO{ sf/0f v'nfO{ k'k{Ifsf] nflu y'gfdf /fVg]5 M
-s_ hGd s}bsf] ;hfo x'g ;Sg] s;"/,
-v_ tLg jif{eGbf a9L s}bsf] ;hfo x'g ;Sg] cg';"rL–! jf
cg';"rL–@ cGtu{tsf s;"/, jf
-u_ v08 -s_ jf -v_ df plNnlvt s;"/sf] pBf]u, b'?T;fxg jf
ck/flws if8oGq u/]sf] jf To:tf] s;"/df dltof/ ePsf]
s;"/ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg sfg"g adf]lhd s}bsf]
;hfo x'g ;Sg] cleo'QmnfO{ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf cbfntn] k'k{Ifsf] nflu y'gfdf /fVg
;Sg]5 M–

-s_ cleo'Qmn] cbfntdf s;"/ :jLsf/ u/]sf] / d'2fsf] tYo /
k|df0fsf] d"NofÍg ubf{ y'gfdf /fVg dgfl;a b]lvPsf],
-v_ Ps jif{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L ;hfo x'g ;Sg] s;"/sf] cleof]u
nfu]sf] cleo'Qmsf] g]kfndf :yfoL a;f]af; gePsf] / lghnfO{
y'gfdf g/fv]sf] v08df lgh efUg] / kl5 kqmfp kg]{ ;Defjgf
g/x]sf]df,
-u_ bkmf %* sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd hf/L ePsf] kqmfp k"hL{
adf]lhd Dofbleq xflh/ geO{ cleo'Qm kqmfp eO{ cfPsf] /
lghn] ph'/L ;fy cbfntdf pkl:yt x'g gcfPsf] s'g}
;Gtf]ifhgs sf/0f b]vfpg g;s]sf]df,
-3_ cleof]u nfUg'eGbf tLg jif{cl3sf] cjlwleq cGo s'g} s;"/sf]
cleof]udf lghn] s}b ;hfo kfpg] 7x/ ePsf]df .

61
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg bz jif{eGbf a9L
s}b ;hfo x'g ;Sg]] s;"/df afx]s cleo'Qm afnaflnsf jf zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s /f]u
nfuL czQm ePsf] jf ;ft dlxgfeGbf a9LsL ue{jtL dlxnf jf krxQ/ jif{ dflysf]

j[4 ePdf To:tf] cleo'QmnfO{ cbfntn] w/f}6L jf hdfgt lnO{ tfl/vdf 5f]8\g
;Sg]5 .
^*= cleo'Qm;Fu w/f}6 jf hdfgt jf a}Í hdfgt lng] M -!_ bkmf ^& sf] cj:yfdf x'g]df
afx]s s'g} cleo'Qm pk/sf] cleof]u k|dfl0ft x'g] dgfl;a cfwf/ ePdf cbfntn]
lgh;Fu w/f}6, hdfgt jf a}Í hdfgt lnO{ tfl/vdf /fVg ;Sg]5 .
t/ a}Í hdfgt ljgf zt{sf] / cbfntn] tf]s] adf]lhdsf] cjlw;Dd
cBfjlws x'g ;Sg] x'g' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd w/f}6, hdfgt jf a}Í hdfgt glbg] cleo'QmnfO{
cbfntn] y'gfdf /fVg]5 .
^(= tfl/vdf /fVg' kg]{ M bkmf ^& / bkmf ^* sf] cj:yfdf afx]s cGo cj:yfdf cleo'Qm
cbfntdf xflh/ ePkl5 lghnfO{ tfl/vdf /fvL d'2fsf] k'k{If ug'{ kg]{5 .
&)= yk w/f}6, hdfgt jf a}Í hdfgt dfUg ;lsg] M -!_ s'g} cleo'Qmaf6 lnPsf] w/f}6,
hdfgt jf a}+s hdfgtsf] /sd kl5 ckof{Kt ePsf] b]lvg cfPdf cbfntn] lgh;Fu
yk w/f}6, hdfgt jf a}Í hdfgt dfUg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] yk w/f}6, hdfgt jf a}Í hdfgt lbg g;s]df
To:tf] cleo'QmnfO{ cbfntn] y'gfdf /fVg ;Sg]5 .
&!= sf/afxLsf] h'g;'s} cj:yfdf klg y'gfdf jf hdfgtdf /fVg ;lsg] M -!_ d'2fsf]
sf/afxL h'g;'s} cj:yfdf k'u]sf] eP tfklg cbfntn] k|df0f a'e\mb} hfFbf cleo'QmnfO{
cj:yf cg';f/ bkmf ^& adf]lhd y'gfdf /fVg jf bkmf ^* adf]lhd lgh;Fu w/f}6,
hdfgt jf a}Í hdfgt dfUg ;Sg]5 / z'?df k'kIf{sf] nflu cleo'QmnfO{ y'gfdf
g/fv]sf] jf lgh;Fu w/f}6, hdfgt jf a}Í hdfgt glnPsf] sf/0fn] dfq kl5
lghnfO{ y'gfdf /fVg jf lgh;Fu w/f}6, hdfgt jf a}Í hdfgt dfUg cbfntnfO{
jfwf k/]sf] dflgg] 5}g .

62
-@_+ bkmf ^& jf bkmf ^* adf]lhd y'gfdf k/]sf] s'g} cleo'Qm s;"/bf/ xf]Og
eGg] k|dfl0ft x'g ;Sg] s'g} dgfl;a cfwf/ k|fKt x'g cfPdf d'2fsf] sf/afxL h'g;'s}
cj:yfdf k'u]sf] eP klg To:tf] ljifodf ;'g'jfO{ u/L cbfntn] lghnfO{ y'gfaf6
5f]8\g] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
&@= w/f}6, hdfgt jf a}Í hdfgtsf] /sd tf]Sg] cfwf/ M -!_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd lng'
kg]{ w/f}6, hdfgt jf a}Í hdfgtsf] /sd tf]Sbf b]xfosf] s'/f ljrf/ u/L dgfl;a
lsl;dn] tf]Sg' k5{ M–
-s_ s;"/sf] k|s[lt / uDeL/tf,
-v_ cleo'Qm jf s;"/bf/sf] cfly{s cj:yf tyf kfl/jfl/s l:ylt,
-u_ cleo'Qm jf s;"/bf/sf] pd]/ / zf/Ll/s l:ylt,
-3_ lghn] klxn] s'g} s;"/df s;"/bf/ 7x/L ;hfo kfPsf] jf
gkfPsf],
-ª_ lghn] Ps} jf/bftdf ljleGg s;"/ u/] jf gu/]sf],
-r_ lghnfO{ ePsf] jf x'g ;Sg] ;hfo / lghn] Joxf]g'{ kg]{
Ifltk"lt{,
-5_ s;"/af6 ;[lht kl/0ffd,
-h_ s;"/df ;flatL eP jf gePsf],
-em_ c;xfo jf czSt AolQm jf ue{jtL jf b'w] afnaflnsf ePsL
dlxnf cleo'Qm /x]sf] .
-@_ o; ;+lxtf cGtu{t s'g} AolQm;Fu dfluPsf] w/f}6, hdfgt jf a}Í
hdfgtsf] /sd 36L jf a9L eO{ dgfl;a gePsf] sf/0f b]vfO{ d'2fsf] s'g} kIfn]
lgj]bg lbPdf k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntn] To:tf] ljifodf ;'g'jfO{ u/L To:tf] w/f}6,
hdfgt jf a}Í hdfgt /sd yk 36 ug]{ jf kl/jt{g ug]{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
&#= k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntdf lgj]bg ug{ ;lsg] M o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd ePsf] y'g5]s jf

tf]lsPsf] w/f}6, hdfgt jf a}Í hdfgtdf lrQ ga'emg] KfIfn] Ps tx;Dd
k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .

63
t/ hGds}b jf bz jif{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L s}b ;hfo x'g ;Sg] s;"/df ePsf]
y'g5]ssf] cfb]z j]/Lt ePsf] k|Zgdf Ps txeGbf dflysf] k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntdf
klg lgj]bg lbg ;lsg]5 .
&$= w/f}6, hdfgt jf a}Í hdfgt lnFbf sfuh u/fpg' kg]{ M -!_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd
s'g} AolQmaf6 w/f}6 lnFbf cbfntaf6 tf]lsPsf] ;do / :yfgdf To:tf] AolQm pkl:yt
gePdf w/f}6 hkmt x'g] zt{ pNn]v u/L cg';"rL–@( adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf sfuh
u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ o; ;+lxtf adf]lhd hdfgt jf a}Í hdfgt lnFbf hdfgtsf] /sdsf] cÍ
tf]sL To:tf] adf]lhdsf] ;DklQ hdfgt lng' kg]{5 .
-#_ hdfgt lbg' kg]{ AolQmn] cfk\mgf] ;DklQ hdfgt lbPsf] eP cbfntaf6
tf]lsPsf] ;do / :yfgdf cfk"m pkl:yt gePdf hdfgtsf] /sd hdfgt /x]sf]
To:tf] ;DklQ jf lghsf] c? s'g} ;DklQaf6 c;"n ug]{ zt{ pNn]v u/L lghaf6
cg';"rL–#) adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf sfuh u/fpg' kg]{5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; kl/R5]bsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æhdfgtÆ eGgfn] a}Í hdfgtnfO{ ;d]t
;Demg' k5{ .
-$_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd hdfgt lbg' kg]{ AolQmsf] nflu c? s;}n] cfk\mgf]
;DklQ hdfgt lbPsf] eP cbfntaf6 tf]lsPsf] ;do / :yfgdf lghnfO{ pkl:yt
gu/fPdf hdfgtsf] /sd To:tf] hdfgt /x]sf] ;DklQ jf cfk\mgf] c? s'g} ;DklQaf6
c;"n ug{ lghsf] d~h'/L /x]sf] Joxf]/f ;lxtsf] zt{ u/fO{ To:tf] AolQm;Fu cg';"rL–
#! adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf sfuh u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ o; bkmf adf]lhd hdfgt lbOPsf] ;DklQsf] d"No kl5 s'g} sf/0fjz
36\g uPdf To:tf] hdfgt lbg] AolQmn] To:tf] 36]sf] d"No a/fa/sf] ;DklQ cbfnt
;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
&%= w/f}6L hkmt x'g] M -!_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd w/f}6 /fVg] AolQm cbfnt ;dIf
tf]lsPsf] tf/]vdf pkl:yt gePdf lghn] /fv]sf] w/f}6L hkmt x'g]5 .

64
-@_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd /flvPsf] w/f}6L crn ;DklQ /x]5 eg] To:tf]
AolQmn] a'emfpg' kg]{ /sd a/fa/sf] ;DklQ laqmL jf c;"n u/L c? ;DklQ lghnfO{
lkmtf{ ug{' kg]{5 .
&^= w/f}6 lkmtf{ / hdfgt k'ms'jf x'g ;Sg] M -!_ cbfntdf bfo/ ePsf] d'2fdf o;
kl/R5]b adf]lhd cleo'QmnfO{ y'gfdf /fVg] cfb]z ePdf y'gfdf /fVg'cl3 lghn]
/fv]sf] w/f}6 jf hdfgt k'msjf ul/lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ cbfntn] s'g} d'2fsf] l;nl;nfdf s'g} cleo'Qmaf6 lnPsf] w/f}6L jf
hdfgt To:tf] d'2fsf] clGtd lg0f{o x'Fbf cleo'Qmn] ;kmfO{ kfPdf o; kl/R5]bdf
cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s lghnfO{ t'?Gt lkmtf{ jf k'ms'jf u/L lbg' kg]{5 .
&&= vf; cjlwleq d'2f k}m;nf gePdf y'gfaf6 5f]8\g ;lsg] M -!_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd
k'k{Ifsf] nflu y'gfdf /flvPsf] s'g} cleo'Qmsf] ;DaGwdf k|df0f a'e\mg klxnf] k6s
tfl/v tf]lsPsf] ldltn] Ps jif{leq d'2fsf] lsgf/f x'g g;s]df To:tf] cleo'QmnfO{
y'gfdf /flvPsf]] eP w/f}6L jf hdfgt lnO{ d'2fsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug{ ;lsg]5 M
t/–
-s_ hGds}b jf bz jif{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L s}bsf] ;hfo x'g] s'g}
s;"/sf] cleof]u nfu]sf] s'g} cleo'Qm bkmf ^& adf]lhd y'gfdf
k/]sf] /x]5 eg] lghsf] ;DaGwdf of] bkmf nfu" x'g]
5}g .
-v_ k6s] s;"/bf/nfO{ cbfntn] dgfl;a ;De]mdf y'gfd} /fvL
sf/afxL ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ s'g} cbfntn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} cleo'QmnfO{ 5f8\g cfb]z
lbPsf]df To;/L 5f8\g] cfb]z lbPsf] tLg lbgleq k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntnfO{ To;sf]
hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{5 .
&*= y'gfdf /fVg ;lsg] clwstd cjlw M o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg cleo'QmnfO{ lgh pk/ nufOPsf] cleof]u k|dfl0ft ePdf x'g ;Sg] clwstd
s}bsf] ;hfosf] cjlweGbf a9L cjlw;Dd y'gfdf /flvg] 5}g .
&(= cfb]z krf{ v8f ug'{ kg]{ M o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd s'g} cleo'QmnfO{ y'gfdf /fVbf,
y'gfdf /flvPsf] cleo'QmnfO{ 5f]8\bf jf s'g} cleo'Qm;Fu w/f}6 jf hdfgt lnFbf jf
65
yk36 jf kl/jt{g ubf{ jf bkmf && adf]lhd y'gfaf6 5f8\bf cbfntn] sf/0f
;lxtsf] cfb]z krf{ v8f ug'{ kg]{5 .

*)= y'g'jf k"hL{ lbg' kg]{ M o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd s'g} JolQmnfO{ y'gfdf /fVbf To;sf]
sfg"gL cfwf/ / sf/0f v'nfO{ clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] cg';"rL–#@ adf]lhdsf]
9fFrfdf y'g'jf k"hL{ lbO{ y'gfdf /fVg' kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b – *
tfl/v ;DaGwL Joj:yf
*!= sf/0f v'nfO{ tfl/v tf]Sg] M -!_ cbfntn] tfl/v tf]Sbf d'2fsf kIfx?sf] pkl:yltdf
ug'{ kg]{ k|To]s sfd v'nfO{ tf]Sg' kg]{5 / k|To]s tfl/vsf lbg ;Dkfbg x'g] sfd
tfl/v krf{df v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ tfl/v tf]lsPsf] lbg pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] sfd ;Dkfbg x'g'
kg]{5 .
t/ tf]lsPsf] tfl/vdf s'g} sf/0fa; tf]lsPsf] sfd x'g g;s]df To;sf]] sf/0f
v'nfO{ cfb]z krf{ v8f u/L csf]{ tfl/v tf]Sg ;lsg]5 .
-#_ g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL jf k|ltjfbL ePsf] d'2fdf cbfntn] pkbkmf -!_
adf]lhd d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO{ jf sf/afxLsf] nflu tfl/v tf]lsPsf] ;"rgf ;DalGwt
;/sf/L jlsnsf] sfof{nonfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
*@= tfl/v lstfa / tfl/v e/kfO{ M -!_ cbfntn] cg';"rL–## adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf Pp6f
jf cfjZostf cg';f/ d'2fsf] k|To]s kmfF6sf] nflu 5'§f 5'§} tfl/v lstfa v8f u/L
/fVg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd v8f ul/Psf] tfl/v lstfadf s'g k|of]hgsf] nflu
slxn]sf] tfl/v tf]lsPsf] xf] To:tf] Joxf]/f hgfO{ ;DalGwt sd{rf/Ln] ;xL5fk ug'{
kg]{5 / d'2fdf pkl:yt kIfx?sf] ;xL5fk u/fO{ cg';"rL–#$ adf]lhdsf] tfl/v
e/kfO{ v8f u/L ldl;n ;fd]n /fVg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] tfl/vsf lbg s'g} kIf cbfntdf pkl:yt
gePdf ;DalGwt sd{rf/Ln] To:tf] s'/f tfl/v e/kfO{df hgfO{ ;xL5fk ug'{ kg]{5 .

66
-$_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL
ePsf] d'2fdf g]kfn ;/sf/ tfl/vdf a:g' kg]{ 5}g .
*#= tfl/v krf{ M -!_ cbfntn] k|To]s d'2fsf] kIfx?nfO{ cg';"rL–#% adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf
tfl/v krf{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] tfl/v krf{df s'g k|of]hgsf] nflu slxn]sf] tfl/v
tf]lsPsf] xf] To:tf] s'/f hgfO{ ;DalGwt sd{rf/Ln] ;xL5fk ug'{ kg]{5 .
*$= tfl/v tf]Sbf kIfx?nfO{ ;'ljwf x'g] lsl;dn] tf]Sg' kg]{ M -!_ d'2fdf s'g} k|of]hgsf]
nflu tfl/v tf]Sbf oyf;Dej d'2fsf kIfx?sf] ;'ljwf / tf]lsPsf] sfd x'g ;Sg] jf
g;Sg] s'/fnfO{ ljrf/ u/L tf]Sg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd tfl/v tf]Sbf d'2fsf] sf/afxLsf] ;DaGWfdf tf]lsPsf]
sfo{tflnsf cg';f/ tf]Sg' kg]{5 .
*%= tf]lsPsf] tfl/vsf lbg pkl:yt x'g'kg]{ M -!_ cbfntaf6 s'g} sfdsf nflu pkl:yt
x'g tfl/v tf]lsPsf]df tf]lsPsf] tfl/vsf lbg cleo'Qm jf k|ltjfbL cbfntdf
pkl:yt x'g' kg]{5 .

t/ tf]lsPsf] tfl/vsf lbg sfa"aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt pTkGg eO{ cbfntdf
pkl:yt x'g g;s]sf] sf/0f b]vfO{ d'2fsf s'g} kIfn] lgj]bg lbPdf / To:tf] Joxf]/f
dgfl;a b]lvPdf cbfntn] a9Ldf b'O{ k6s;Dd PSsfO{; lbg;Ddsf] u'h|]sf] tfl/v
yfldlbg] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] tfl/vsf] lbg pkl:yt x'g' kg]{ AolQm s'g}
Joxf]/fn] y'lgPsf] jf s}b k/]sf] /x]5 eg] cfk"m y'gf jf s}bdf k/]sf] sf/fuf/ dfkm{t
To:tf] s'/fsf] ;"rgf ;DalGwt cbfntdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;"rgf lbPsf]df To;/L y'gf jf s}bdf /x]sf] cjlwe/
To:tf] AolQmn] tfl/v u'hf/]sf] dflgg] 5}g .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd y'lgPsf] jf s}b k/]sf] AolQmn] To;sf] ;"rgf
cbfntnfO{ lbPdf cbfntn] k'k{Ifsf avt lghnfO{ pkl:yt u/fpg ;DalGwt
sf/fuf/nfO{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .

67
*^= tfl/vsf] lbg d'2fsf kIf cg'kl:yt ePdf To;sf] kl/0ffd M -!_ d'2fsf] s'g} kIf
tf]lsPsf] tfl/vsf] lbg jfbL xflh/ gePdf cbfntn] lghn] bkmf *% sf] pkbkmf -!_
sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+z adf]lhd ydfpg] Dofbsf] lx;fj u/L csf]{ tfl/v tf]Sg'
kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] csf]{ tfl/vsf] lbg jf ;f]eGbf cufj}
d'2fsf] kIf pkl:yt eO{ sfa" aflx/sf] s'g} kl/l:ylt k/]sf]n] cl3Nnf] tfl/vdf

pkl:yt x'g g;s]sf] s'g} dgfl;a sf/0f b]vfO{ ============ lgj]bg lbPdf cbfntn]
lghsf] tfl/v yfdL sfg"g adf]lhd d'2fsf] lsgf/f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] csf]{ tfl/vsf] lbg d'2fsf] kIf cbfntdf
pkl:yt gePdf ;d]t cbfntn] ldl;n ;fd]n /x]sf k|df0faf6 k|ltjfbLn] jfbLsf]
bfaL k"/} jf cf+lzs ?kdf :jLsf/ u/]sf] b]lvg cfPdf jf 7x/]df To:tf] xb;Dd
OG;fkm ug]{ u/L / :jLsf/ gu/]sf] jf :jLsf/ u/]sf] g7x/]sf]df To:tf] xb;Dd vf/]h
ug]{ u/L d'2fsf] lsgf/f ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/ jfbL xflh/ /x]sf] / k|ltjfbL xflh/ g/x]sf] cj:yfdf jfbL k|ltjfbLsf] hf]
a'e\mg' kg]{ k|df0f a'emL 7x/] adf]lhd d'2fsf] k}m;nf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ o; ;+lxtf adf]lhd cbfntdf aofg jf k|ltpQ/kq lbO;s]kl5 tf]lsPsf]
tfl/vdf cleo'Qm jf k|ltjfbL cbfntdf pkl:yt geP klg cbfntn] sfg"g adf]lhd
d'2fsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
*&= kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L ug{ / ;DklQ /f]Ssf /fVg ;lsg] M -!_ bkmf *^ df h'g;'s} s'/f
n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} cleo'Qm klxn] tf]lsPsf] tfl/vdf cg'kl:yt /x]5 / lghnfO{
kqmfp u/L cbfntdf pkl:yt u/fpg kg]{ cbfntnfO{ nfu]df bkmf %* adf]lhd
kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L u/L To:tf] cleo'QmnfO{ kqmfp ug{ / To:tf] cleo'Qmsf] ;DklQ
/f]Ssf ug{ ;d]t cbfntn] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cfb]z lbPsf]df To:tf] cfb]z adff]lhd ;DalGwt
k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] cleo'QmnfO{ kqmfp ug{ / ;DalGwt dfnkf]t sfof{no jf cGo lgsfo
jf ;+:yfn] cleo'Qmsf] ;DklQ /f]Ssf /fVg' kg]{5 .


68
**= k|df0f a'lem;s]kl5 tfl/vdf ga;] klg x'g] M -!_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f
n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k|df0f a'lem;s]kl5 s'g} kIf tfl/vdf a:g grfx]df lghn]
To;sf] cg'dltsf] nflu cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bg k/]df cbfntn] lghnfO{ tfl/vdf /fVg
cfjZos gb]lvP lghsf] tfl/v 6'6fOlbg ;Sg]5 .
kl/R5]b–(
jfl/; ;DaGwL Joj:yf
*(= jfl/; lgo'Qm x'g ;Sg] M -!_ d'2fsf] s'g} kIf ph'/L, k'g/fj]bgkq jf k|ltpQ/kq lbg,
k|df0f k]z ug{, k}m;nf adf]lhd lauf]], Ifltk"lt{ jf cGo s'g} s'/f e/fO{ lng jf d'2f
;DaGwL cGo s'g} cfjZos sfd sf/afxL ug{ cfk"m pkl:yt x'g g;Sg] ePdf To;sf]
sf/0f v'nfO{ To:tf] kIfn] cfk\mgf] tkm{af6 jfl/; lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df hg;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] cj:yfdf jfl/;
lgo'Qm ug{ ;lsg] 5}g M –
-s_ cg';"rL–! / cg';"rL–@ cGtu{tsf] s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2f ePdf,
-v_ o; ;+lxtf adf]lhd aofg lbg' kg]{ cj:yfsf] cleo'Qm
cbfntdf cfk}m pkl:yt e} aofg lbg' kg]{ ePdf,
-u_ o; ;+lxtf adf]lhd k'k{Ifsf nflu y'gfdf j:g' kg]{ jf w/f}6L jf
hdfgt dfu ePsf] cj:yfdf To:tf] w/f}6L jf hdfgt lbg
g;sL y'gfdf j;]sf] AolQm ePdf,
-3_ jfl/; /x]sf] jf /fVg kfpg] cj:yf ePklg s'g} dgfl;a sf/0f
eO{ cbfntn] d'2fsf] kIfnfO{ cfk+}m cbfntdf pkl:yt x'g
cfb]z lbPdf,
-ª_ y'gfdf /x]sf] jf klxn] g} w/f}6 jf hdfgt lbO;s]sf]df afx]s
ljb]zL gful/s jf gful/stfsf] 7]ufgf gePsf] JolStn] d'2fsf]
k}m;nf x'Fbf sfg"g adf]lhd cfk"mnfO{ x'g ;Sg] ;hfo a/fa/sf]
/sd w/f}6L g/fv]df jf To; afkt hdfgt glbPdf,

69
-r_ cbfntsf] cfb]z adf]lhd nfu]sf] b08, hl/afgf, bzf}+b, la;f}Fb

glt/L afFsL /x]sf] ePdf, jf
-5_ cbfntn] s'g} dgfl;a sf/0f b]vfO{ jfl/; /fVg gkfpg] egL
cfb]z lbPsf]df .
-#_ s;}n] pkbkmf -@_ k|lts"n x'g] u/L jfl/; lbPsf]df cbfntn] To:tf] jfl/;
ab/ ug]{5 .
-$_ b]xfosf] of]Uotf k'u]sf] AolQm jfl/; x'g ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd s/f/ ug{ of]Uo,
-v_ lst]{, hfn;fhL, e|i6frf/ jf g}lts ktg b]lvg] cGo kmf}hbf/L
s;"/df ;hfo gkfPsf],
t/ d'2fsf] s'g} kIfn] cfk\mgf] Psf3/;Fusf] s'g}
gft]bf/nfO{ jfl/; lgo'Qm ug{ o; v08df pNn]v ePsf] s'g}
s'/fn] afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-u_ k}m;nf adf]lhd ;/sf/L lauf], k}m;nf sfof{Gjog u/] afkt
cbfntnfO{ ltg'{ kg]{ s'g} b:t"/, cbfntL z'Ns jf s'g} b08 jf
hl/afgf ltg{ afFsL g/x]sf] .
-%_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd jfl/; lgo'Qm ubf{ b]xfosf] s'/fx? pNn]v u/L
cg';"rL–#^ adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf jf/];gfdf n]vL lgo'Qm ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ d'2fsf] ljifo,
-v_ jfl/; x'g] JolStsf] k"/f gfd, y/, 6f]n ;lxtsf] 7]ufgf / pd]/,
gful/stf gDa/ / gful/stf lnPsf] lhNnf,
-u_ jfl/; x'g] AolQmdf pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhdsf] s'g} cof]Uotf 5}g
eGg] s'/f,
-3_ cbfntsf] cfb]z adf]lhd s'g} b08, hl/afgf, bzf}b / la;f}Fb
afFsL g/x]sf] s'/f,
-ª_ lghn] clVtof/ kfPsf] sfd .
-^_ jf/];gfdfsf] lnvt tof/ ubf{ sDtLdf b'O{ hgf ;fIfL /fVg' kg]{5 .
70
-&_ jf/];gfdfsf] lnvtdf jfl/; lgo'lQm ug]{ kIf / ;fIfLx?n] ;xL5fk ug'{
kg]{5 .
()= Ps};fy PseGbf a9L JolQmsf] jfl/; x'g ;Sg] M Pp6} JolQm Ps} ;fy PseGbf a9L
JolQmx?sf] jfl/; x'g ;Sg]5 .
t/ s'g} d'2fdf Pp6f kIfsf] jfl/; ePsf] JolQm ;f]xL d'2f jf ;f]xL d'2f;Fu
;DalGwt d'2fdf lghsf] ljkIfLsf] jfl/; x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
(!= kIf jfl/; x'g ;Sg] M s'g} d'2fdf PseGbf a9L jfbL jf k|ltjfbL ePsf]df To:tf
AolQmx?dWo] s'g} AolQmnfO{ jfl/; lgo'Qm ug{ ;lsg]5 .
t/ Ps kIfsf] jfl/; ;f]xL d'2fdf ljkIfLsf]] jfl/; x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
(@= jfl/;sf] clwsf/ / st{Jo M -!_ jfl/;n] cfk"mnfO{ lgo'Qm ug]{ kIfsf] tkm{af6
jf/];gfdfdf n]lvP adf]lhdsf] ;a} sfd ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ jfl/; lgo'Qm ug]{ AolQmnfO{ g} pkl:yt u/fpg cbfntaf6 cfb]z ePdf
jfl/;n] To:tf] AolQmnfO{ cbfntdf pkl:yt u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;DalGwt AolQm pkl:yt gePdf To:tf] AolQmsf]
jfl/; cbfntn] ab/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
(#= jfl/; ab/ ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ jfl/; lgo'Qm ug]{ kIfn] rfx]df h'g;'s} avt cfk"mn]
lbPsf] jf/];gfdf ab/ u/L cfk}mn] d'2f ;sf/ ug{ jf csf]{ AolQmnfO{ jfl/; lgo'Qm
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd jf/];gfdf ab/ u/L cfk\mgf] d'2f cfk}mFn] ;sf/ u/]df
;DalGwt kIfn] To;sf] hfgsf/L cbfntnfO{ lgj]bg dfk{mt lbg' kg]{5 .
($= jfl/;nfO{ kqmfp gul/g] M d'2fsf] k}m;nf x'Fbf kIfnfO{ ePsf] ;hfo jf kIfn] Joxf]g'{
kg]{ bfloTjsf] ;DaGWfdf jfl/;nfO{ kqmfp ul/g] 5}g .
(%= jfl/; lgo'Qm ug{ cg'dlt lbg ;lsg] ljz]if Joj:yf M -!_ bkmf *( sf] pkbkmf -@_
sf] v08 -s_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf cj:yfsf] AolQmn] ;f]xL
Joxf]/f v'nfO{ jfl/; lgo'Qm ug{ cg'dltsf] nflu cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ tLg jif{ jf tLg jif{eGbf 36Lsf] s}b ;hfo x'g ;Sg] s;"/sf]
cleof]u nfu]sf] cleo'Qm y'gfdf a;]sf] /x]g5 / sfa" aflx/sf]
71
kl/l:yltn] tf]lsPsf] tfl/vdf pkl:yt x'g g;Sg] cj:yf

;[hgf ePdf,
-v_ kfFr jif{;Dd s}bsf] ;hfo x'g ;Sg] s;"/sf] cleof]u nfu]sf]
dlxnf ;'Ts]/L ePsf] jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn] ubf{ tf]lsPsf]
tfl/vdf cbfntdf pkl:yt x'g g;Sg] ePdf .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bg k/]df / To:tf] lgj]bgsf] Joxf]/f dgfl;a
b]lvPdf o; kl/R5]bsf cGo Joj:yfx?sf] cwLgdf /xL cbfntn] sf/0f v'nfO{
lghnfO{ cjlw tf]sL jf gtf]sL jfl/; /fVg cg'dlt lbg ;Sg]5 .
kl/R5]b – !)
d'2fsf] :yfgfGt/0f / d'ntjL ;DaGwL Joj:yf
(^= d'2f ;fg{ ;Sg] M -!_ ;jf{]Rr cbfntn] g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !#$ sf] pkwf/f -!_
adf]lhdsf] cj:yfdf s'g} pRr cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg d'2f ;jf{]Rr cbfntdf lemsfO{
sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ ;jf{]Rr cbfntn] g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !#$ sf] pkwf/f -@_
adf]lhdsf] cj:yfdf Ps pRr cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg d'2f csf]{ pRr cbfntdf ;f/L
To:tf] d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f ug{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pRr cbfntn] g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !$% sf] pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhdsf]
cj:yfdf cfˆgf] dftxtsf] Ps lhNnf cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] d'2f dftxtsf]
csf]{ lhNnf cbfntdf ;f/L ;'g'jfO{ ug{] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ jf -#_ adf]lhdsf] d'2f ;fg{] cj:yf ljBdfg eP jf gePsf]
ljifosf] lg0f{o d'2fsf ;DalGwt kIfsf] lgj]bg jf cbfntsf] lg/LIf0f jf k|ltj]bgaf6
k|fKt ePsf] hfgsf/Laf6 ul/g]5 .
-%_ s'g} cbfntdf bfo/ /x]sf] s'g} d'2f o; ;+lxtf adf]lhd To:tf] cbfntsf]
GofofwLzn] x]g{ gx'g] s'g} sf/0f ePdf ;DalGwt cbfntn] To:tf] s'/f pNn]v u/L
k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntdf k|ltj]bg k7fpg' kg]{5 / To; adf]lhd k|ltj]bg k|fKt ePdf
k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntn] kIfx?sf] ;'ljwfnfO{ ;d]t ljrf/ u/L To:tf] d'2f cfk\mgf]
k|fb]lzs clwsf/ If]qsf] ;dfg txsf] csf]{ cbfntdf ;fg{ ;Sg]5 .
72
-^_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd cfb]z ePsf]df To:tf] cbfntn] ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf]
cfb]z adf]lhd To:tf] d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ jf lsgf/f ug]{5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -@_, -#_ jf -%_ adf]lhd csf]{ cbfntaf6 d'2fsf] lsgf/f eP klg
To:tf] cbfntn] u/]sf] km};nf pk/ z'?df lkm/fbkq btf{ ePsf] cbfntsf] k'g/fj]bg
;'Gg] cbfntdf g} k'g/fj]bg nfUg]5 .
(&= d'2f d'ntjL /fVg ;lsg] M -!_ leGg leGg cbfntdf bfo/ /x]sf leGg leGg
d'2fx?dWo] Pp6fsf] lsgf/f geO{ csf]{sf] lsgf/f x'g g;Sg] jf ug{ gx'g] jf Pp6f
d'2fsf] lg0f{oaf6 csf]{ d'2fsf] lg0f{odf tflTjs c;/ kg]{ s'g} dgfl;a sf/0f b]vfO{
To:tf d'2fsf] s'g} kIfn] ;DalGwt cbfntdf lgj]bg lbPdf jf d'2fsf] sf/afxLsf]
l;nl;nfdf cbfntn] :jo+ To:tf] s'/f dx;'; u/]df cbfntn] sf/0f v'nfO{ To:tf]
d'2f d'ntjL /fVg] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ s'g} cbfntn] To:tf] cbfntdf bfo/ /x]sf] s'g} d'2f pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd
d'ntjL /fVg] cfb]z lbPsf]df To:tf] s'/f kIfx?nfO{ lnlvt ?kdf ;"lrt u/L d'2fsf]
;a} sf/afxL :ylut ug'{ kg]{5 / csf]{ d'2f bfo/ /x]sf] ;DalGwt cbfntnfO{ ;d]t
To:tf] s'/fsf] ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf k|fKt ePkl5 ;DalGwt cbfntn] To:tf]
cbfntdf bfo/ /x]sf] ;DalGwt d'2fsf] lsgf/f u/]kl5 tL; lbgleq k}m;nfsf] Ps
k|lt gSsn ;+nUg u/L d'2f d'ntjL /x]sf] cbfntnfO{ To:tf] s'/f ;"lrt ug'{ kg]{5 /
;"rgf kfPkl5 d'2f d'ntjL /x]sf] cbfntn] tfl/v tf]sL d'2fsf] kIfx?nfO{ lnlvt
;"rgf lbO{ d'ntjL hufO{ sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug'{ kg]{5 .

-#s_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg csf]{ cbfntdf
ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] d'2fsf] lg0f{o ePsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePdf jf d'2f d'ntaL /fvL
/fVg' kg]{ s'g} sf/0f gb]lvPdf cbfntn] d'ntaL /x]sf] d'2f t'?Gt hufO{ sf/afxL ug{'
kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg To:tf kIfx? pkbkmf -
#_ adf]lhdsf] d'2fsf] klg kIf eP lghx?nfO{ d'ntjL /x]sf] d'2f ePsf] cbfntdf
kGw| lbgleq xflh/ x'g hfg' egL d'2fdf lg0f{o ug]{ cbfntn] cfb]z lbg' kg]{5 .

73
-%_ b'O{ leGgleGg cbfntdf bfo/ /x]sf d'2fx?dWo] s'g d'2f d'ntjL /fVg]
eGg] s'/fdf b'O{ cbfntsf] /fo km/s ePdf b'j} cbfntn] k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntdf
cfkm\gf] k|ltj]bg k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhdsf] cj:yfdf d'2fsf kIfn] klg ;DalGwt k'g/fj]bg
;'Gg] cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd k|ltj]bg k7fPsf]df jf pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd kIfsf]

lgj]bg k/]sf]df To:tf] d'2fsf ;DaGwdf k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntn] Ps dlxgfleq
pko'Qm cfb]z ug]{5 / To:tf] cfb]z adf]lhd ;DalGwt cbfntn] d'2fsf] sf/afxL
ug]{5 .

-*_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd leGg /fo ePsf b'O{ cbfntsf] k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg]
cbfnt Pp6} geO{ leGg leGg ePdf To:tf] ljifosf] k|ltj]bg ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf k]z
ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L k]z ePsf] ljifodf ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] tLg dlxgfleq pko'Qm cfb]z
ug]{5 / ;DalGwt cbfntn] To:tf] cfb]z adf]lhd d'2fsf] sf/afxL ug'{ kg]{5 .
-(_ o; bkmf adf]lhd d'2f d'ntjL /fVg] jf /fVg nufpg] cfb]z lbg'eGbf
cl3 cbfntn] dgfl;a ;De]mdf ;DalGwt kIfnfO{ ;"rgf lbO{ ;'g'jfO{ u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
(*= cleo'Qm pkl:yt gePsf]df d'2f d'ntjL /fVg] M -!_ bkmf %& adf]lhd kqmfp k"hL{
hf/L ePsf] cleo'Qm kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L ePsf] ldltn] k}FtL; lbgleq klg cbfntdf
pkl:yt gePdf jf lghnfO{ pkl:yt u/fpg g;lsPdf cbfntn] lghsf] xsdf d'2f
d'ntjL /fvL To:tf] d'2fdf ;+nUg cGo cleo'Qmx?sf] xsdf k|df0f a'emL d'2fsf]
lsgf/f ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/,
-s_ cbfntdf aofg jf k|ltpQ/ lbO;s]kl5 cg'kl:yt /x]sf]]
cleo'Qm jf k|ltjfbLsf] xsdf d'2f d'ntjL /flvg] 5}g / jfbL
k|ltjfbLn]] k]z u/]sf] ;j'b k|df0f / cbfntn] dgfl;a ;De]msf]
cGo k|df0f a'emL d'2fsf] lsgf/f ug'{ kg]{5,

74
-v_ tLg jif{ jf tLg jif{eGbf 36L s}bsf] ;hfo x'g] d'2fdf
cbfntdf xflh/ gePsf] cleo'Qm jf k|ltjfbLx?sf] xsdf
;d]t 7x/] adf]lhd k}m;nf ug'{ kg]{5 .

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} d'2f d'ntjL /xg] ePdf cbfntn] d'2f
d'ntaL /x]sf k|ltjfbLx?sf] xsdf d'2fsf] sf/afxL :yug ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd d'2f d'ntjL /x]sf]df d'2fsf] lsgf/f ug'{eGbf cufl8
cleo'Qm cbfntdf pkl:yt ePdf jf u/fOPdf cbfntn] d'ntjL hufO{
ph'/jfnfnfO{ To:tf] s'/fsf] ;"rgf lbO{ d'2fsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd d'2f d'ntjL /x]sf] ldltn] tLg jif{sf] cjlwleq
cleo'Qm cbfntdf pkl:yt ePg jf u/fOPg eg] cbfntn] To:tf] cleo'Qmsf]
;DaGwdf d'ntjL /x]sf] d'2f hufO{ sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug'{ kg]{5 .

-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd d'2f d'ntaL /xg ;Sg] cjlw;Dd klg cleo'Qm
cbfntdf pkl:yt gePdf bkmf %* sf] pkbkmf -!%_ adf]lhd /f]Ssf ePsf] lghsf]
xssf] ;DklQ d'2f km};nf x'Fbf lgh s;"/bf/ 7x/]df sfg"g adf]lhd lnnfd laqmL u/L
k|fKt ePsf] /sddWo] lghnfO{ km};nf adf]lhd nfu]sf] b08, hl/afgf, lauf] jf
Ifltk"lt{ afktsf] /sd c;"n pk/ ul/g]5 / afFsL /sd lghn] lkmtf{ dfu ug{ cfPsf]
avt lkmtf{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-^_ d'2fsf] lsgf/f x'g'eGbf klxn] g} cleo'Qm cbfntdf pkl:yt ePsf] jf
u/fOPsf] / lghn] cfk\mgf] lj?4 d'2f rn]sf] s'/f yfx} gkfPsf]n] pkl:yt x'g g;s]sf]
egL cbfntnfO{ ljZjf; x'g] s'g} k|df0f k]z u/]df cbfntn] b]xfo ad]flhdsf] vr{x?
s6fO{ jf c;'n u/L /f]Ssf /x]sf] ;DklQ lghnfO{ k'ms'jf ug]{ cfb]z lbg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ ;DklQ laqmL eO{ g;s]sf]df To:tf] ;DklQ /f]Ssf /fVbf nfu]sf]
vr{,
-v_ cbfntdf pkl:yt x'g lghsf gfddf jf d'2fsf] sf/afxL
;DaGwL s'g} ljifodf lghsf] xsdf ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg
ubf{ nfu]sf] vr{ .

75
-&_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg Pp6f cbfntdf bfo/
ePsf] d'2f d'ntjL /x]sf]df ;f]xL cbfnt jf cGo s'g} cbfntdf bfo/ ePsf] csf]{
s'g} d'2fdf cleo'Qm jfbL jf k|ltjfbLsf] x}l;otdf pkl:yt ePsf] eGg] k|ltj]bg jf
hfgsf/L k|fKt ePdf To:tf] d'2f d'ntjL /x]sf] dflgg] 5}g / cbfntn] To:tf] d'2fsf]
sf/afxL cufl8 a9fpgsf] nflu To:tf] cleo'QmnfO{ cbfntdf pkl:yt x'g] cfb]z
lbg ;Sg]5 .
-*_ pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhdsf] cfb]z adf]lhd cleo'Qm pkl:yt geP tfklg
To:tf] d'2f hufO{ sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug{ ;lsg]5 .
kl/R5]b – !!
k|df0f k/LIf0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf
((= k|df0f k]z ug{' kg]{ M -!_ jfbLn] ph'/Ldf, cleo'Stn] aofgdf / k|ltjfbLn]
k|ltpQ/kqdf cfk\mgf ;a} ;fIfL, lnvt / b;L k|df0f v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd v'nfPsf] lnvt jf b;L k|df0fsf] k|s[ltaf6 cfk"m;Fu
/xg' kg]{ jf cfk"mn] k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] lnvt jf b;L k|df0f jfbLn]] ph'/Lsf ;fy,
k|ltjfbLn] k|ltpQ/kqsf ;fy / cleo'Qmn] aofg ubf{sf avt k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf s'/fdf
b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M–
-s_ cleo'Qmn] aofg ubf{ jf k|ltjfbLn] k|ltpQ/kq lbFbf tTsfn
k]z ug{ g;lsg] s'g} lnvt jf b;L k|df0f k]z ug]{ csf]{ tfl/v
tf]sL kfpF egL cg'/f]w u/]df cbfntn] a9Ldf Ps
dlxgf;Ddsf] csf]{ tfl/v tf]Sg ;Sg]5,
-v_ bkmf !)$ sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd sLt]{ jf hfn;fhL ;DaGwL
k|df0f a'e\mg] s'/fsf] xsdf ;f]xL bkmf adf]lhd x'g]5,
-u_ d'2fsf] k'k{If x'Fbfsf avt s'g} gofF tYosf] ;dy{g jf v08g
ug{ s'g} yk k|df0f k]z ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf ePdf cbfntsf]
cg'dlt lnO{ ;DalGwt kIfn] yk k|df0f k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
76
-$_ d'2fsf] s'g} kIfn] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd s'g} lnvt k|df0f k]z ubf{ To:tf]
lnvtsf] gSsn ljkIfLsf] ;ª\VofeGbf Ps k|lt a9L k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/ cg';"rL–! / cg';"rL–@ cGtu{tsf s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2fdf eg] To:tf]
lnvtsf] gSsn k]z ug'{ kg]{ 5}g .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ægSsnÆ eGgfn] lnvtsf] kmf]6f]skL jf cGo
s'g} 5fofFk|lt ;Demg' k5{ .
!))= ;Ssn lnvt lkmtf{ lbg' kg]{ M -!_ bkmf (( sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd s'g} lnvt
cbfntdf k]z ePsf]df cbfntn] cfkm\gf] sd{rf/LnfO{ ;f]xL bkmfsf] pkbkmf -$_
adf]lhd k]z ePsf] gSsn k|lt ;Ssn lnvt adf]lhdsf] eP jf gePsf] ?h' ug{
nufpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ?h' ug]{ sd{rf/Ln] ?h' u/L ;s]kl5 To:tf] gSsnsf]
k|To]s kfgfdf ;Ssn adf]lhd gSsn b'?:t 5 egL n]vL ldlt v'n]sf] b:tvt u/L
To:tf] lnvt k]z ug]{ kIfsf] ;d]t ;xL5fk u/fO{ cbfntsf] 5fk nufO{ k|dfl0ft ug'{
kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k|dfl0ft ePkl5 To:tf] sd{rf/Ln] To:tf] ;Ssn
lnvtsf] kL7df cbfntsf] 5fk nufO{ ldlt v'n]sf] b:tvt u/L To:tf] lnvt k]z
ug]{ kIfnfO{ lkmtf{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd lkmtf{ lbPsf] ;Ssn lnvt cbfntn] rfx]df
cfjZostf cg';f/ k'gM k]z ug{ ;DalGwt kIfnfO{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
!)!= kIfn] ;fIfL pkl:yt u/fpg' ug]{ M -!_ cbfntdf bfo/ ePsf d'2fsf ;fIfL cbfntn]
tf]s]sf] lbg ;DalGwt kIfn] pkl:yt u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} vf; d'2fdf To:tf]
d'2f bfo/ ubf{ s} avt k|ltjfbLx? pkl:yt ePdf jfbL, k|ltjfbL jf b'j} kIfn] d'2f
bfo/ ubf{ s} avt cf–cfkmgf] ;fIfL k|df0fx? cbfntdf k]z ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd ;fIfL k]z ubf{ cg';"rL–! / cg';"rL–@
cGtu{tsf s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2fsf ;/sf/L kIfsf] ;fIfLnfO{ ;DalGwt cg';Gwfg
clwsf/L jf lghsf] sfof{non] ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{no dfkm{t pkl:yt u/fpg'
kg]{5 .
77
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;fIfL a'e\mg tf]s]sf] tfl/vsf lbg pkl:yt gx'g]
;fIfLnfO{ jft]n ul/lbg' k5{ .
t/ sfa" aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt k/L pkl:yt x'g g;s]sf]df kIfn] ;f]xL Joxf]/f
v'nfO{ lgj]bg lbPdf cbfntn] To:tf] ;fIfL a'em\g] csf]{ tfl/v tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
-%_ o; ;+lxtfsf] cg';"rL–! jf cg';"rL–@ df plNnlvt s'g} s;"/ ;DaGwL
d'2fdf ;a} k|ltjfbLx? pkl:yt gePsf] sf/0f ;fIfL k/LIf0fsf] k|s[of z'? gePsf]df
s'g} kIfn] cfkm"n] lbPsf] ;fIfL tTsfn pkl:yt gu/fPdf kl5 pkl:yt u/fpg
g;lsg] sf/0f b]vfO{ To:tf ;fIfLx? tTsfn} pkl:yt u/fO{ jskq u/fpg cg'/f]w ug{
;Sg]5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd cg'/f]w ePsf]df / To:tf] sf/0f dgfl;a ePdf
cbfntn] ;f]sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ To:tf] ;fIfLsf] tTsfn} jskq u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd ;fIfLn] u/]sf] jskqdf pkl:yt eP;Ddsf d'2fsf
kIf ljkIfnfO{ lh/x ug{ lbg' kg]{5 / To:tf] cj:yf /x]g5 eg] To:tf] jskqsf]
Joxf]/fsf] xsdf;Dd kl5 pkl:yt kIfn] v08g ug{ ;Sg]5 .

!)@= ljz]if1 ======nfO{ a'em\g ;lsg] M g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL ePsf] h3Go jf uDeL/ s;"/
;DaGWfL s'g} d'2fdf ljz]if1 /fo JoQm ug]{ ljz]if1sf] d[To' ePdf jf lgh nfdf] cjlw
ljb]zdf a;L g]kfn cfpg g;Sg] ePdf jf cGo sf/0fn] lghnfO{ a'em\g c;Dej

ePdf To:tf] ljz]if1 ====== ;/xsf] jf ;f]eGbf dflysf] ;dfg ljifosf] ljz]if1af6
ljz]if1 /fo lng ;lsg]5 .
!)# ;xcleo'Qmsf] lh/x ug{ ;lsg] M o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd k|df0f k/LIf0f ubf{ s'g}
cleo'Qmn] s'g} ;xcleo'QmnfO{ kf]n u/]df To;/L kf]n]sf] s'/fsf] xb;Dd To:tf]
;xcleo'Qmn] lh/x ug{ ;Sg]5 .

!)$= ;2] lst]{df aofg u/fpg' kg]{ M -!_ k|df0f a'‰g tf]lsPsf] tfl/vdf jfbLn] k]z u/]sf]
k|df0fsf] sfuh k|ltjfbLnfO{ / k|ltjfbLn] k]z u/]sf] k|df0fsf] sfuh jfbLnfO{ ;Ssn}
b]vfO{ ;'gfO{ lghn] To:tf] sfuhnfO{ ;2], lst]{ jf hfn;fhL gfdfs/0f u/]df
cbfntn] ;f]xL Joxf]/fsf] aofg u/fO{ clen]v ug{' kg]{5 .


78
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd b]vfpFbf jf ;'gfpFbf tTsfn ;2], sLt]{ jf hfn;fhL
5'6\ofpg g;Sg] eO{ s'g} kIfn] Dofb dfu u/]df cbfntn] tLg lbg;Ddsf] Dofb lbg'
kg]{5 .
-#_ d'2fsf] kIf afx]s c?sf] ;xL5fk k/]sf] sfuh k]z ePdf tTsfn ;2],
lst]{ jf hfn;fhL 5'6\ofO{ gfdfs/0f ug{ g;Sg] eO{ d'2fsf s'g} kIfn] Dofb dfu]df
k|df0f ;lxt ;2], lst]{ jf hfn;fhLdf aofg ug{ kG„ lbg;Ddsf] Dofb lbg ;lsg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd lbOPsf] Dofbleq aofg ug]{ JolQmn] ;2], lst]{ jf
hfn;fhL h] gfdfs/0f ub{5 cbfntn] ;f]xL cg'?k aofg u/fO{ clen]v ug{' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd aofg u/fpFbf s'g} kIfn] To:tf] lnvt lst]{ jf
hfn;fhL xf] eGg] aofg u/]df cbfntn] ;f] lbg d'2fsf ;a} kIfx¿ xflh/ /x]sf] eP
lghx¿sf] ;f]xL lbg / s'g} kIf xflh/ g/x]sf] eP To:tf] kIfsf] xsdf To;kl5 xflh/
ePs} lbg aofg u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-^_ jfl/; jf sfg"g Joj;foL tfl/vdf /x]sf] d'2fdf ;DalGwt kIfnfO{ g}
lemsfpg' cfjZos b]lvPdf cbfntn] To:tf] kIfnfO{ lemsfO{ lghsf] aofg u/fpg'
kg]{5 .
-&_ o; bkmf adf]lhd k|df0fsf] sfuh b]vfpFbf jf ;'gfpFbf ;DalGwt kIfn]
;2], sLt]{ jf hfn;fhL 5'6\ofpg g;Sg] ePdf cbfntn] To:tf] k|df0fsf] sfuh hfFr
ug{ ;DalGwt ljz]if1 ;dIf k7fpg ;Sg]5 .
!)%= sLt]{ jf hfn;fhL elgPsf] lnvt ldl;n ;fy /fVg' kg]{ M bkmf !)$ sf] pkbkmf -!_
adf]lhd Pp6f kIfn] k]z u/]sf] lnvt csf]{ kIfnfO{ b]vfpFbf To;nfO{ lghn]] sLt]{ jf
hfn;fhL lnvt gfdfs/0f u/]df To:tf] lnvtsf] kL7df b'j} kIfsf] ;xL5fk ug{
nufO{ ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf] x:tfIf/ / cbfntsf] 5fk ;d]t nufO{ l;njGbL u/L
ldl;n ;fy ;'/lIft /fVg' kg]{5 / ;xL5fk ug{] 7fpF gePdf 5'§} sfuh hf]8L hf]gL{df
;d]t ;xL5fk u/L d'r'Nsf u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
!)^= tf]lsPsf] lbg ;fIfL a'e\mg' kg]{ M -!_ cbfntn] ;fIfL a'e\mg tf]lsPsf] tfl/vsf] lbg
pkl:yt eP;Ddsf] ;a} ;fIfLx?sf] jskq u/fpg' kg]{5 / To; lbg pkl:yt ;a}
;fIfLx?sf] jskq u/fpg ;do cefjsf] sf/0fn] gEofPdf dfq To;kl5 cbfnt
v'Ng] csf{] lbg jskq u/fpg' kg]{5 .
79
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd jskq ug{ pkl:yt ePsf] ;fIfLn] askq ug'{cl3
lghn] ;To s'/f dfq JoQm ug]{ pb\3f]if0f u/L cg';"rL–#& adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf c?n]
;'Gg] u/L zky lng' kg]{5 / To:tf] zky ;DalGwt ldl;ndf ;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ ;fIfLn] u/]sf] jskq cg';"rL–#* adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf clen]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
!)&= aGb;jfnåf/f ;fIfL a'e\mg ;lsg] M -!_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]
eP tfklg d'2f bfo/ /x]sf] cbfntsf] clwsf/ If]q ePsf] OnfsfeGbf aflx/ /x]
a;]sf] jf s'g} sf/0fn] cbfntdf pkl:yt x'g g;Sg] t/ ga'emL gx'g] ;fIfLnfO{
d'2fsf] uDeL/tf x]/L aGb;jfnåf/f a'e\mg' kg]{ ePdf cbfntn] To;sf] ;"rgf d'2fsf
kIfx?nfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ d'2fsf] s'g} kIfn] rfx]df pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] aGb;jfndf cfk"mn]
;fIfL;Fu ;f]Wg rfx]sf] k|Zgx? ;dfj]z ul/of]; egL sf/0f v'nfO{ cbfntdf lgj]bg
lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] s'g} lgj]bg k/]df / cbfntn] To:tf] k|Zg To:tf]
aGb;jfndf ;dfj]z x'g' dgfl;a 7fg]df To:tf] k|Zg ;d]t To:tf] aGb;jfndf
;dfj]z ug{ cfb]z lbg]5 / ;f]xL adf]lhd aGb ;jfnsf] k|Zgx? tof/ ul/g]5 .
-$_ aGb ;jfnsf] 9fFrf cg';"rL–#( df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd aGb;jfnåf/f ;fIfL a'e\mbf d'2fsf] s'g} kIfn] rfx]df
aGb;jfn k7fOPsf] cbfntdf pkl:yt e} k|df0f ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
;fIfL k/LIf0f, lh/x jf k'gM ;f]wk'5 ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!)*= jskq Ohnf;df u/fpg' kg]{ M -!_ o; ;+lxtf adf]lhd ;fIfLsf] jskq u/fpFbf
GofofwLzsf] Ohnf;df ug'{ kg{]5 .
t/ zf/Ll/s c;dy{tfn] ubf{ cbfntdf pkl:yt x'g g;Sg] ;fIfLsf] jskq
u/fpg' kbf{ To:tf] ;fIfL /x] j;]sf] 7fpFdf GofofwLz cfkm}F uO{ jf cfk\mgf] dftxtsf]
clws[t sd{rf/L v6fO{ jskq u/fpg nufpg ;lsg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd jskq u/fpFbf d'2fsf ;DalGwt kIfx?nfO{ To:tf]
s'/fsf] ;"rgf lbO{ bkmf !)& sf] pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd k/LIf0f ug]{ df}sf ;d]t lbg'
kg]{5 .
80
!)(= >Jo–b[Zo ;+jfb -lel8of] sGkm/]G;_ dfk{mt ;fIfL a'e\mg ;lsg] M -!_ o; kl/R5]b
adf]lhd a'emg' kg]{ ;fIfL zf/Ll/s ?kdf czQm jf afnaflnsf ePsf] jf ;'/Iffsf]
sf/0fn] ubf{ lghnfO{ cbfntdf pkl:Yft u/fpg g;lsg] ePdf ;DalGwt kIfn] ;f]xL
Joxf]/f vf]nL >Jo–b[Zo ;+jfb -lel8of] sGkm/]G;_ dfk{mt To:tf] ;fIfL a'emgsf] nflu
cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ s'g} vf; k|s[ltsf] ;fIfLsf] k/LIf0f >Jo b[Zo ;Djfb
-lel8of] sGkm/]G;_ dfkm{t u/fpg cbfntn] cfb]z u/]df ;f]xL adf]lhd ;fIfL k/LIf0f
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg k/]df / lgj]bgdf plNNflvt sf/0f
dgfl;a b]lvPdf jf pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd cbfntn] cfb]z lbPdf o; ;+lxtfdf cGoq
h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cbfntn] To:tf] ;fIfL >Jo–b[Zo ;+jfb -lel8of]
sGkm/]G;_ dfk{mt a'em\g ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd >Jo–b[Zo ;+jfb -lel8of] sGkm/]G;_ ubf{ cbfntsf]
cg'dlt lnO{ d'2fsf] ;DalGwt kIf To:tf] ;Djfb :yndf pkl:yt eO{ ;f]wk'5 , lh/x
jf k'gM ;f]wk'5 ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ;fIfL a'em\bf To:tf] ;fIfLn] JoQm u/]sf] s'/f clen]v
x'g] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 / cbfntn] >Jo–b[Zo ;+jfb -lel8of] sGkm/]G;_ sf] clen]v
/fVg' kg]{5 .
-^_ >Jo–b[Zo ;+jfb -lel8of] sGkm/]G;_ dfkm{t ;fIfL a'em]sf] clen]v cg';"rL–
$) adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf /fVg' kg]{5 .
!!)= ;fIfLsf] Jojxf/, d'vfs[lt OToflb l6kf]6 ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ GofofwLzn] s'g} ;fIfLnfO{
jskq u/fpFbf lghsf] Jojxf/ / d'vfs[lt s:tf] lyof], lgh;Fu ;f]lwPsf] k|Zgx?sf]
hjfkm lbFbf lgh pQ]lht ePsf], x8j8fPsf] jf 8/fPsf] lyof] jf lyPg, lghsf]
d'vfs[ltaf6 lghn] lbPsf] hjfkm ;fFrf] jf e'm¶f] s] s:tf] emNsGYof] h:tf s'/f /
cGo cfjZos s'/fsf] ;DaGWfdf cfk"mnfO{ nfu]sf] s'/fx?sf] l6kf]6 agfpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd agfOPsf] l6kf]6df GofofwLzn] ;xL5fk u/L ldl;n
;+nUg /fVg' kg]{5 .
81
-#_ ;fIfLsf] jskqnfO{ k|df0fsf] ?kdf d"NofÍg ubf{ pkbkmf

-!_ adf]lhdsf] l6kf]6nfO{ cfwf/ lng ;lsg]5 .
!!!= Ps k6s a'lem;s]sf] ;fIfL k]ml/ a'e\mg gx'g] M Ps k6s jskq ul/;s]sf] ;fIfLaf6
k'gM s'g} s'/f a'e\mg ;lsg] 5}g .
t/ To:tf] ;fIfLaf6 ga'emL gx'g] s'g} s'/f 5'6\g uO{ GofofwLzn] sf/0f v'nfO{
cfb]z u/]df k'gM ;dfXjfg hf/L u/L lghnfO{ a'e\mg ;lsg]5 .
!!@= gj'emL gx'g] ;fIfLnfO{ ;dfXjfg jf kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ o; kl/R5]b
adf]lhd k|df0f k/LIf0fsf] nflu cbfntn] tf]s]sf] lbg pkl:yt gePsf] t/ d'2fsf]
uDeL/tf x]/L ga'emL gx'g] g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL x'g] kmf}hbf/L d'2f;Fu ;DalGwt
;fIfLnfO{ pkl:yt u/fpg jf s'g} lnvt jf b;L k|df0f bflvnf u/fpg ;dfXjfg
hf/L xf];\ egL sf/0f v'nfO{ d'2fsf] kIfn] lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg k/]df / To:tf] lgj]bgsf] Joxf]/f dgfl;a
eO{ To:tf] ;fIfL a'e\mg' kg]{ b]v]df cbfntn] To:tf] ;fIfLnfO{ a9Ldf kGw| lbgsf] Dofb
lbO{ ;dfXjfg hf/L u/L a'emg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;dfXjfg hf/L ePsf]df dgfl;a sf/0f ePsf]df
afx]s To:tf] ;fIfL tf]lsPsf] Dofbleq pkl:yt x'g' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] Dofbleq pkl:yt gx'g] ;fIfLnfO{
cbfntn] b'O{ xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf u/L kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L u/L kqmfp u/L jskq
u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd h'g ;fIfLsf la?4 kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L ePsf] xf]
To:tf] ;fIfL k]mnf k/]g jf kqmfp x'g ;s]g eg] To:tf] ;fIfL kqmfp k/]sf jf k]mnf
k/]sf avt ;hfo sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/L k}FtfnL; lbg;Dd s}b ;hfo u/L a'lemPsf]
k|df0faf6 d'2f k}m;nf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-^_ o; bkmf adf]lhd hf/L ePsf] ;dfXjfg jf kqmfp k"hL{ kl/R5]b –^
adf]lhd tfd]nL ul/g]5 .
!!#= ;fIfLnfO{ b}lgs tyf e|d0f eQf tyf ;'/Iff lbg' kg]{ M -!_ cg';"rL–! jf cg';"rL–@
cGtu{tsf s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2fdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf tkm{af6 cbfntdf pkl:yt ePsf

82
;fIfLnfO{ /fhkq cglÍt k|yd >]0fLsf ;/sf/L sd{rf/Ln] / ljz]if1sf] ?kdf pkl:yt
ePsf] ;fIfL eP /fhkqflÍt t[tLo >]0fLsf] ;/sf/L sd{rf/Ln] sfg"g adf]lhd kfP
;/xsf] b}lgs tyf e|d0f eQf ;DalGwt k|x/L sfof{non] pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ s'g} ;/sf/L sd{rf/L ;fIfL jf ljz]if1sf] x}l;otn] cbfntdf pkl:yt
ePdf lghnfO{ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd lghn] kfpg] b}lgs tyf e|d0f eQf lgh
axfn /x]sf] sfof{non] pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;fIfLsf] cfjZos ;'/Iffsf] Joj:yf g]kfn ;/sf/n]
ug'{ kg]{5 .
!!$= ;fIfL jf kLl8tsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ M -!_ cg';"rL–! jf cg';"rL–@ cGtu{tsf] s;"/
;DaGwL s'g} d'2fdf ;fIfL /x]sf] s'g} AolQmnfO{ cbfnt ;dIf pkl:yt x'g jf
cbfntdf jskq ul/;s]kl5 cfk\mgf] ;'/Iffdf vt/f /x]sf] 5 eGg] nfu]df lghn]
To;sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ ;'/Iffsf] k|aGw ul/lbg cbfnt ;dIf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] cg'/f]w ePdf cbfntn] To:tf] ;fIfLsf] ;'/Iffsf]
k|jGWf ug{ ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd cbfntn] cfb]z lbPdf To:tf] ;'/Iffsf] k|aGw ug]{
st{Jo To:Tff] lgsfosf] x'g]5 .
-$_ o; bkmf adf]lhd ;fIfL ;+/If0f ug{ cbfntn] u/]sf] cfb]z adf]lhd
ckgfOPsf] s'g} ljifosf ;DaGwdf s'g} cbfntdf k|Zg p7fpg kfOg] 5}g .
-%_ s'g} vf; s;"/af6 kLl8t AolQm jf s'g} d'2fsf] ;fIfLsf] ?kdf /x]sf
AolQmn] ;fIfLsf ?kdf /x]sf] sf/0fn] cfk"mnfO{ kIfaf6 cg'lrt 8/ qf; jf eo x'g

;Sg] jf cfk\mgf] lhp Hofgsf] ;'/Iffdf k|lts"n c;/ kg{ ;Sg] ;"rgf k|x/LnfO{
lbPdf k|x/Ln] To:tf ;fIfL jf kLl8tsf] ;+/If0f ul/lbg' kg]{5 .
!!%= g]kfn /fHo aflx/ klg ;fIfL k|df0f a'e\mg ;lsg] M -!_ s'g} cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg
/x]sf] s'g} d'2fsf ;DaGwdf g]kfn /fHo aflx/ /x] a;]sf] s'g} ;fIfL jf k|df0f a'e\mg'
k/]df jf aGb;jfn ug'{ k/]df To:tf] ljifodf kf/:kl/s sfg"gL ;xfotf ;DaGwL
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ;fIfL jf k|df0f a'e\mg ;lsg]5 .

83
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|of]u x'g] aGb ;jfnsf] 9fFrf cg';"rL–$! df pNn]v
eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd a'lemPsf] ;fIfL jf k|df0fnfO{ o;} ;+lxtf adf]lhd
a'lemPsf] dflgg]5 .
t/ To;/L a'lemPsf] ;fIfL jf k|df0f ljj/0f ;DalGwt d'n'ssf] sfg"g adf]lhd
k|dfl0ft ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-$_ o; bkmf adf]lhd a'e\mg' kg]{ jf a'lemPsf] ;fIfL jf k|df0f g]kfnL efiff
afx]s cGo efiffdf a'e\mg' kg]{ jf a'lemPsf] /x]5 eg] ;f]sf] g]kfnL efiffdf cflwsfl/s
cg'jfb u/L cbfntdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ s'g} s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg jf k'k{Ifsf] l;nl;nfdf g]kfn /fHo aflx/ /x]sf]
;fIfLnfO{ a'e\mg' k/]df jf lghsf] askq u/fpg k/]df To:tf] ;fIfLnfO{ ;f] k|of]hgsf
nflu tf]lsP adf]lhd >Jo b[io ;+jfb -lel8of] sGkm/]G;_ jf cGo o:t} k|ljlw dfk{mt
a'emg jf lghsf] askq u/fpg ;lsg]5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd a'e\mbf jf askq u/fpFbf To:tf] ;fIfLn] eg]sf] s'/f
jf u/]sf] askqsf] clen]v x'g] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg o; bkmf adf]lhd
k|df0f a'emg g;lsPsf] sf/0fn] dfq d'2fsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug{ afwf k'u]sf]
dflgg] 5}g .
kl/R5]b – !@
d'2f lkmtf{ lng], ldnfkq / d]nldnfk ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!!^= d'2f lkmtf{ lng gx'g] M -!_ cg';"rL–! jf cg';"rL–@ cGtu{tsf s;"/df cbfntdf Ps
k6s bfo/ eO;s]sf] d'2f lkmtf{ lng ;lsg] 5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] d'2f afx]s cGo
d'2f lkmtf{ lng ;lsg]5 M–
-s_ e'm§f /fxbfgL jf gful/stf, cWofudg, ei6«frf/, dfgj
a]rlavg tyf cf];f/ k;f/, nfu" cf}ifw cf];f/ k;f/ jf
sf/f]af/, jGohGt'sf] cj}w lzsf/ tyf Jofkf/, ;fj{hlgs
84
pkef]usf j:t'df ljif ld;fPsf], ljif k|of]u u/L jf q'm/,

cdfgjLo tj/n] jf lgoGq0fdf lnO{ Hofg df/]sf], ;DklQ
z'4Ls/0f, k|frLg :df/s ;+/If0f ;DaGwL d'2f,

-v_ ck/fw ;+lxtfsf] efu–@ sf] kl/R5]b–@ sf] bkmf %@ / %^,
kl/R5]b–^ sf] bkmf !@(, !#) !#! / !#$, kl/R5]b–& sf] bkmf
!#*, !#( / !$!, kl/R5]b–*, kl/R5]b–!) sf] bkmf !^&,
kl/R5]b–!^ sf] bkmf @)^, kl/R5]b–!&, kl/R5]b–!* sf] bkmf
@!( sf] pkbkmf -!_, -@_ / -#_, kl/R5]b–!( sf] bkmf @#) /
@#! tyf kl/R5]b–@@ sf] bkmf @%^ cGtu{tsf] s;"/ ;DaGwL
d'2f,
-u_ d'2f lkmtf{ lnbf s'g} AolQmsf] ;DklQ ;DaGwL clwsf/df
k|lts"n c;/ kg]{ ePdf To; xb;Ddsf] s'/fdf To:tf] AolQmsf]
:jLs[lt gePsf] d'2f .
-#_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lkmtf{ lng] d'2fsf ;DaGwdf
cfjZos dfkb08 ;lxtsf] lgb]{lzsf agfpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd d'2f lkmtf{ ug{' kg{] ePdf g]kfn ;/sf/n]
dxfGofoflwjQmf;Fu k/fdz{ u/L pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd agfPsf] lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd
lkmtf{ lng] lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/n] s'g} d'2f lkmtf{ lng] lg0f{o u/]df
dxfGofoflwjQmf jf lghn] clVtof/L lbPsf] ;/sf/L jlsn dfkm{t ;DalGwt
cbfntdf d'2f lkmtf{ lng' kg]{ sf/0f ;lxtsf] lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd lgj]bg kg{ cfPdf cbfntn] d'2f lkmtf{ lng] cfb]z
lbg'cl3 ;'g'jfO{ u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd ;'g'jfO{ ePkl5 d'2f lkmtf{ lng] cfb]z ug{ dgfl;a
x'g] b]lvPdf sf/0f v'nfO{ ;DalGwt cbfntn] d'2f lkmtf{ lng ;Sg] cfb]z ug{
;Sg]5 .

85
-*_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k'g/fj]bg, ;fws

hfFr jf k'g/fnf]sgsf] /f]xdf jf d'2f bf]xf]¥ofpg] cj:yfdf ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] d'2f
lkmtf{ lng ;lsg] 5}g .

!!^s= bfaL lkmtf{ lng ;Sg] M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL x'g] d'2fdf afx]s cGo s'g} klg
d'2fdf d'2fsf] kIfn] ph'/L, k'g/fj]bgkq jf lgj]bgkqdf cfkm"n] lnPsf] bfaL TofuL
;f] bfaL lkmtf{ lngsf] nflu jf cfˆgf] bfaL ;flat ug{ g;Sg] jf bfaLsf] k|of]hg
;dfKt ePsf] sf/0f b]vfO{ ;f] ph'/L, k'g/fj]bgkq jf lgj]bgkq lkmtf{ lngsf] nflu
d'2fsf] km};nf x'g' cl3 h'g;'s} avt cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bg k|fKt ePdf cbfntn] lgj]bg dfu adf]lhd
ph'/L, k'g/fj]bgkq jf lgj]bgkq lkmtf{ lng cg'dlt lbg] cfb]z ug{' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ph'/L, k'g/fj]bgkq jf lgj]bgkq lkmtf{ lng] cfb]z
ePdf cbfntn] ;f] d'2fsf] nut s§f ug{' kg]{5 .
-$_ o; bkmf adf]lhd s;}n] ph'/L, k'g/fj]bgkq jf lgj]bgkq lkmtf{ lnPsf]df
;f]xL JolQmn] To:tf] ph'/L, k'g/fj]bgkq jf lgj]bgdf ljkIf agfOPsf JolQm pk/
;f]xL ljifodf ph'/ ug{ ;Sg] 5}g .

!!&= ldnfkq x'g ;Sg] M -!_ cg';"rL–# / cg';"rL–$ cGtu{tsf s;"/ ;DaGwL s'g} d'2fdf
d'2fsf kIfx?sf] d~h'/Ln] h'g;'s} cj:yfdf ldnfkq ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] cltl/Qm ;j{;fwf/0fsf] 7uL jf ;j{;fwf/0fsf] ;DklQsf]
xflg, gf]S;fgL jf j}b]lzs /f]huf/L ;DaGwL d'2fdf k|ltjfbL / kLl8t b'j}n] ldnfkq
u/fO{ kfpmF egL ;DalGwt ;/sf/L jsLn ;dIf lbPsf] lgj]bg pk/ sf/afxL x'Fbf
To:tf] Joxf]/f dgfl;a nfu]df dxfGofoflwjQmfn] ldnfkq u/fpg cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
!!*= ldnfkq ubf{sf] sfo{ljlw M -!_ bkmf !!& adf]lhd d'2fdf ldnfkq ug{ rfx]df kIfx?n]
jfbL bfjLleq l;dLt /xL ldNg vf]h]sf] Joxf]/f v'nfO{ b'j} kIfn] ;xL5fk u/L
cbfntdf ;+o'Qm lgj]bg k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ldnfkq ug]{ Joxf]/fsf] lgj]bg cbfntdf kg{ cfPdf
cbfntn] To:tf] lgj]bg k9]/ ;'gfO{ To; adf]lhd /flhv'zLn] ldnfkq ug{ rfx]sf] xf]
jf xf]Og egL To:tf] lgj]bg k]z ug]{ kIfx?nfO{ ;f]Wg' kg{]5 .


86
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;f]Wbf /flhv'zLn] ldnfkq ug{ rfx]sf] xf] eGg] hjfkm
kIfx?n] lbPdf ;+o'Qm lgj]bg kqdf pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf zt{x?sf] cwLgdf /xL
ldnfkqsf] lnvt tof/ u/L kIfx?sf] ;xL5fk u/fO{ d'2f x]g]{ GofofwLzn] cfk\mgf]
;d]t ;xL5fk ug'{ kg]{5 .

-$_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd ldnfkq ubf{ jfl/;gfdf lbO{ ldnfkq ug]{ clwsf/
lbPsf]df ;f]xL adf]lhd / jfl/;gfdfdf jfl/;nfO{ To:tf] clwsf/ glbPsf]df jfl/;
dfkm{t\ ldnfkq ubf{ To:tf] Joxf]/f pNn]v ePsf] kIfsf] d~h'/Lgfdf k]z ug{' kg]{5 .
!!(= d'2f lkmtf{ jf ldnfkq ePdf To;sf] kl/0ffd M -!_ bkmf !!^ adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/n]
s'g} d'2f lkmtf{ lnPdf To:tf] d'2fsf] cleo'Qm pk/ ;f]xL s;"/df k'gM d'2f rNg] 5}g .
-@_ bkmf !!& adf]lhd ldnfkq ePsf]df ;f]xL ljifodf ;f]xL kIfx?sf lardf
kl5 s'g} sf/afxL jf d'2f rNg] 5}g .
t/ ldnfkqdf pNn]v ePsf] zt{ adf]lhd s'g} kIfn] s'g} sfd gu/]df To:tf]
s'/fsf] ph'/L lbg o; pkbkmfn] jfwf k'¥ofpg] 5}g .
!@)= d]nldnfk x'g ;Sg] M -!_ cg';"rL–$ cGtu{tsf] s;"/ ;DaGwL s'g} d'2fdf kIfx?sf]
d~h'/L ePdf jf cbfntn] To:tf] d'2f d]nldnfksf] nflu k7fpg pko'Qm 7fg]df
kIfnfO{ d]nldnfkstf{ /f]Hg nufO{ / g/f]h]df cbfntn] d]nldnfkstf{ tf]sL lbO{
To:tf] d'2f d]nldnfksf] nflu h'g;'s} avt / cj:yfdf k7fpg] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cfb]z ePsf]df d'2fsf kIfx? To:tf] d]nldnfkstf{
;dIf pkl:yt x'g' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd kIfx? pkl:yt ePkl5 d]nldnfkstf{n]
d]nldnfksf] sf/afxL ;~rfng u/L kIfx? ldnfkq ug{ d~h'/ eP ldnfkqsf] sfuh
tof/ u/L cbfnt ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] sfuh k|fKt ePkl5 cbfntn] To:tf] ldnfkqsf]
sfuh k|dfl0ft ul/lbg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd ldnfkq ePdf cbfntn] To:tf] d'2fsf ;DaGwdf
tNnf] cbfntaf6 ePsf] b08, hl/afgf jf z'Ns kIfx?sf] ldnfkq adf]lhd 5'6 lbg
;Sg]5 .

87
kl/R5]b – !#
d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / k}m;nf ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!@!= cleo'QmnfO{ cleof]u ;'gfpg' kg]{ M -!_ cleo'Qm cbfntdf pkl:yt ePkl5 cbfntn]
cleo'Qm pk/ nufOPsf] cleof]u, tt\;DaGwL tYo ;lxtsf] ljj/0f / cleof]u
k|dfl0ft ug{ ph'/jfnfn] k]z u/]sf] k|df0f tyf cleof]u k|dfl0ft ePdf x'g ;Sg]
;hfo :ki6 ?kdf ;DemfO{ a'emfO{ cleof]ukqdf lnPsf] dfu bfjL k9]/ ;'gfpg'
kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cleof]u tyf ;f] cleof]udf x'g ;Sg] ;hfosf
;DaGwdf ;DemfpFbf / a'emfpFbf s'g cf/f]k s'g s'g ;j'b, k|df0f jf lnvtdf
cfwfl/t 5 To:tf] cleof]udf x'g;Sg] ;hfo ;d]t v'nfO{ cleo'Qmn] To:tf ;j'b,
k|df0f jf lnvt x]g{ jf To;sf] k|ltlnkL lng rfx]df lghnfO{ To;sf] df}sf lbg'
kg]{5 .
!@@= cleo'Qmsf] aofg u/fpg' kg]{ M -!_ cleo'QmnfO{ bkmf !@! adf]lhd cleof]u tyf
To:tf] cleof]udf x'g ;Sg] ;hfo ;'gfO{ ;s]kl5 cbfntn] To:tf] cleof]u pk/
lghsf] s] egfO{ 5 ;f]wL lghsf] aofg clen]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ cbfntdf pkl:yt eO{ ;s]sf] cleo'Qm;Fu aofg lng' cufl8 g} lghn]
s'g} sfg"g Joj;foL;Fu ;Nnfx lng rfx]df lghnfO{ To;sf] df}sf lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd aofg clen]v ug'{ eGbf cufl8 g} cbfntn]
cleo'QmnfO{ lghn] cfk\mgf] lj?4 aofg lbg s/ gnfUg] s'/f hfgsf/L u/fO{ lghn]
lbPsf] aofg lghsf] lj?4 k|df0f nfUg ;S5 egL hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpFbf ;/sf/L jlsnaf6 lgh
lj?4sf] ;hfodf 5'6 x'g k|:tfj ul/Psf] /x]5 eg] To:tf] s'/f / To; ;DaGwL
k|rlnt sfg"gsf] Joj:yf ;d]t hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ o; bkmf adf]lhd cleo'Qmsf] aofg clen]v ubf{ k|To]s k|Zg / To;sf]
hjfkm b'j} n]vj4 ug'{ kg]{5 / >Jo–b[Zo ;Djfb -lel8of] sGkm/]G;_ dfkm{t aofg
lnPsf]] eP To;sf] clen]v ;d]t /fVg' kg]{5 .

88
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhdsf] aofg clen]v e} ;s]kl5 To:tf] clen]vdf

cleo'Qmsf] ;xL5fk u/fO{ GofofwLzn] klg cfk\mgf] ;xL5fk ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/ >Jo–b[Zo ;Djfb -lel8of] sGkm/]G;_ dfkm{t aofg lnPsf]df GofofwLzn]
To:tf] s'/f k|dfl0ft u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
-&_ o; bkmf adf]lhd aofg u/fp+Fbf cleo'Qm;Fu a'emg' kg]{ s'g} s'/f 5'6 x'g
uPdf cbfntn] To:tf] cleo'QmnfO{ pkl:yt u/fpg nufO{ lgh;Fu 5'6 s'/fsf]
tltDaf aofg lng ;Sg]5 .
-*_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cg';"rL–$ cGtu{tsf]
s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2fdf k|ltjfbL /x]sf] AolQmn] cbfntaf6 hf/L ePsf] Dofb leq
cg';r
" L–$@ adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf k|ltpQ/ kq bflvnf ug'{ kg]{5 .
!@#= cleo'Qmn] s;"/ :jLsf/ u/] d'2fsf] k}m;nf tTsfn ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ s'g} cleo'Qmn] lgh
pk/ nfu]sf] s;"/sf] cf/f]k :jLsf/ u/L cbfntdf ;fljtL aofg u/]df cbfntn]
To:tf] aofgsf] ;Totf / ljZj;gLotfnfO{ ;d]t ljrf/ u/L tTsfn pQm d'2fsf]
k}m;nf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
t/, –
-s_ cleo'Qmn] To:tf] ;fljtL aofg u/] tfklg ldl;n ;+nUg k|df0f,
s;"/ ubf{sf] kl/l:ylt jf cGo s'g} s'/fn] lghsf] ;fljtL ;fFrf]
xf]Og eGg] ljZjf; x'g] s'g} sf/0f ePdf cbfntn] o; bkmf
adf]lhd d'2f k}m;nf gu/L sf/0f ;lxtsf] cfb]z krf{ v8f u/L
d'2fdf yk k|df0f a'emg cfb]z lbg' kg]{5,
-v_ cf/f]lkt s;"/df ;fljtL ePsf] cleo'Qmn] ;hfodf 5'6 jf
sdL x'g' kg]{] lhsL/ lnPdf To; ;DaGwL ;a} s'/f v'nfO{
lghsf] aofg lnO{ tt\ ;DaGwL k|df0f a'e\mg k5{ .
-@_ s'g} cleo'Qmn] cbfntdf aofg ubf{ cg';Gwfg clwsf/L ;dIf u/]sf]eGbf
km/s lhls/ lnPdf lghn] k]z u/]sf] k|df0f jf lhls/sf] ljifodf jfbL kIfn] k'gM
cg';Gwfg u/L jf u/fO{ cbfntdf yk ;j'b k|df0f k]z ug{ dfu u/]df cbfntn]
To:tf] yk ;j'b k|df0f k]z ug]{ cg'dlt lbg ;Sg]5 .
89
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd cfb]z ePsf]df To:tf] yk k|df0f k]z geO{ cbfntn]
pQm d'2f km};nf ug{ x'b}g .
t/ To:tf] yk ;j'b k]z ug'{ kbf{ k|df0f d's// cfb]z x'gcl3 g} k]z ug'{
kg]{5 .
-$_ s'g} cleo'Qm cf/f]lkt s;"/df k"0f{ ?kdf ;fljt geO{ cf+lzs ?kdf
;fljt ePdf cbfntn] lgh ;fljt gePsf] xb;Ddsf] ljifodf yk k|df0f a'e\mg]
cfb]z ug{' kg]{5 .
!@$= jfbL k|ltjfbLlar 5nkmn u/fpg ;Sg] M -!_ cleo'Qmn] bkmf !@# adf]lhd s;"/
OGsf/ /x]sf] jf OGsf/ k|ltpQ/ lbPsf] cj:yfdf cbfntn] d'2fdf 7x/ ug'{ kg]{ s'/f
olsg ug{sf] nflu jfbL tyf k|ltjfbLlar 5nkmn u/fpg] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd 5nkmn u/fpg cfb]z ePsf]df To;/L 5nkmn ug]{
egL lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] lbg jfbL, k|ltjfbL / g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL x'g] d'2fsf] xsdf
cleo'Qm ;d]t cbfntdf pkl:yt x'g' kg]{5 / To:tf] cleo'Qmn] rfx]df lghsf] sfg"g
Joj;foL ;d]t pkl:yt x'g ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] 5nkmndf jfbLn] bfjL / k|ltjfbLn] k|ltjfb /
tt\;DAfGwL k|df0f k|:t't ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd jfbL k|ltjfbLn] k]z u/]sf] bfjL, k|ltafb tyf
k|df0faf6 cbfntn] d'2fdf 7x/ ug'{ kg]{ s'/f olsg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!@%= k|df0f a'e\mg tfl/v tf]Sg] M -!_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf cbfntn] bkmf !@$ adf]lhd
olsg ePsf] 7x/ ug'{ kg]{ s'/fx? ;d]t v'nfO{ cfb]z krf{ v8f u/L k|df0f a'e \mg]
tfl/v tf]Sg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ cleo'Qmn] bkmf !@@ adf]lhd aofg ug{ OGsf/ u/]df,
-v_ k|ltjfbLn] k|ltpQ/kq bflvn gu/]df,
-u_ cleo'Qm jf k|ltjfbLn] cfk"m pk/sf] cleof]u jf bfaL k"/} jf
cf+lzs ?kdf OGsf/ u/L aofg u/]df jf k|ltpQ/ lbPdf,
-3_ cbfntn] bkmf !@# sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+zsf]
v08 -s_ jf -v_ adf]lhd k|df0f a'e\mg] cfb]z krf{ v8f u/]df,

90
-ª_ cbfntn] pko'Qm 7x¥ofPsf] cGo cj:yfdf .

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|df0f a'emg] tfl/v tf]Sbf cbfntn] ;fIfLx?
pkl:yt x'g / k|df0fsf lnvt tyf j:t'x? k]z x'g ;Sg] ;dosf] cg'dfg u/L ;Dej
eP;Dd rfF8f] k|df0f ;Íng x'g ;Sg] u/L tf]Sg' kg]{5 .
-#_ s'g} d'2fsf] jfbL kIfn] bkmf !@# sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd yk ;a"b k|df0f
k]z ug{sf] nflu ;do dfu u/]df cbfntn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd tfl/v tf]Sbf
;fdfGotof d'2f bfo/ ePsf] b'O{ dlxgfleq k|df0f a'e\mg] tfl/v tf]Sg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ jf -#_ adf]lhd k|df0f a'e\mgsf] nflu tfl/v tf]Sg] cfb]z ubf{
d'2fdf a'e\mg' kg]{ ;a} k|df0fx? ;Dej eP;Dd Ps} k6s a'e\mg] cfb]z u/L tfl/v
tf]Sg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd tfl/v tf]Sg] cfb]z u/]kl5 d'2fsf ;DalGwt
kIfn] cfk"mn] k]z ug'{ kg]{ k|df0f jf pkl:yt u/fpg' kg]{ ;fIfL cbfntdf tf]lsPsf]
tfl/vsf lbg k]z jf pkl:yt u/fpg' kg]{5 .
!@^= s}b jf y'gfdf k/]sf] kIf jf ;fIfLnfO{ pkl:yt u/fpg' kg]{ M -!_ d'2fsf] s'g} kIf jf
;fIfL s}b jf y'gfdf /x]sf] eP lghsf] aofg jf jskq u/fpgsf] nflu jf lgh;Fu
;Da4 ePsf] cGo d'2fdf lghnfO{ pkl:yt u/fpg' kg]{ eP To;sf] nflu tf]lsPsf]
tfl/vsf] lbg lghnfO{ pkl:yt u/fpg sf/0f vf]nL cbfntn] ;DalGwt sfof{nonfO{
cfb]z lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] cfb]z k|fKt ePkl5 ;DalGwt sfof{non]
;'/IffsdL{sf] ;fy nufO{ To:tf] kIf jf ;fIfLnfO{ cbfntdf pkl:yt u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg To:tf] kIf jf ;fIfLnfO{
;'/Iffsf] sf/0fn] jf zf/Ll/s czQmtfsf] sf/0fn] cbfnt ;dIf pkl:yt u/fpg
g;lsg] dgfl;a sf/0f eP To:tf] sfof{non] cbfntsf] cg'dlt lnO{ >Jo b[io
;Djfb -lel8of] sGkm/]G;_ dfk{mt lghnfO{ a'em\g] Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ d'2fsf] s'g} kIf jf ;fIfLnfO{ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd >Jo b[io ;Djfb -
lel8of] sGkm/]G;_ dfk{mt al'emPsf]df lghn] eg]sf] s'/f clen]v /fVg' kg]{5 .
91
!@&= k|df0f a'emg] qmd M -!_ k|df0f a'emg tf]lsPsf] tfl/vsf] lbg cbfntn] cGoyf cfb]z
lbPsf]df afx]s k|df0f ;DaGwL sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL klxn] jfbLsf]] / To;kl5
k|ltjfbLsf] ;fIfL k|df0f a'emg' kg]{5 .
-@_ s'g} kIfåf/f k|:t't ul/Psf] s'g} k|df0f jf s'g} ;fIfLn] as]sf] s'g} s'/f
k|df0fdf gnfUg] jf k|df0fsf] ?kdf lng gx'g] jf c;fGble{s ljifo egL csf]{ kIfn]
tTsfn s'g} cfklQ hgfPdf To:tf]] cfklQ dgfl;a xf] jf xf]Og egL GofofwLzn]]
tTsfn lg0f{o lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ cbfntn] d'2f;Fu c;Dj4 k|df0f k]z ug{ s'g} kIfnfO{ cg'dlt lbg] 5}g .
!@*= xf]; 7]ufgdf g/x]sf AolQmsf] sf/afxL ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ s'g} cleo'Qm xf];
7]ufgfdf g/x]sf] sf/0fn] cfk\mgf] k|lt/Iff ug{ c;dy{ 5 eGg] ljZjf; ug'{kg]{ s'g}
dgfl;a sf/0f ePdf cbfntn] Ohfhtk|fKt lrlsT;såf/f lghsf] hfFr u/fO{ pkrf/
u/fpg ;d]t cfb]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd hfFr u/fpFbf cleo'Qm dfgl;s c:j:ytfsf] sf/0fn]
cfk\mgf] k|lt/Iff ug{ c;dy{ b]lvPdf To;sf] cfb]z krf{ v8f u/L lghsf] xsdf d'2f
d'ntjL /fVg' kg]{5 .
-#_ o; ;+lxtfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg To:tf]] cleo'Qm
y'gfdf /x]sf] eP pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sf/afxL x'Fbfsf avt jf To:tf] sf/afxL e}
pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] cfb]z krf{ v8f ePkl5 cbfntn] dgfl;a ;De]mdf lghnfO{
y'gfaf6 5f]8\g cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd cleo'QmnfO{ 5f]8\bf cbfntn] lghsf] ;+/Ifsaf6
To:tf] cleo'Qmn] s;}nfO{ s'g} k|sf/sf] xflg, gf]S;fgL k'¥ofpg gkfpg] u/L lghsf]
x]/rfx ug]{ / lgh :j:y ePkl5 cbfntn] cfb]z lbPsf avt lghnfO{ cbfntdf
pkl:yt u/fpg] zt{ u/fpg' kg]{5 .

-%_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd y'gfaf6 5f]8\bf cbfntn] rfx]df ;+/Ifs;Fu
kl/R5]b–& adf]lhd w/f}6 jf hdfgt lng ;Sg]5 .

92
-^_ k'k{Ifsf nflu y'gfdf /x]sf] xf]; 7]ufgfdf g/x]sf] cleo'QmnfO{ pkbkmf -#_
adf]lhd y'gfaf6 5f]l8Psf] cj:yfdf afx]s cGo cj:yfdf ljz]if x]/ljrf/ ug{
;DalGwt sf/fuf/nfO{ cbfntn] cfb]z lbg' kg]{5 .
-&_ xf]; 7]ufgfdf g/x]sf] cleo'Qmsf] d'2f pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd d'ntjL
/x]sf]df To:tf] cleo'Qm :j:y ePkl5 cbfntn] d'ntjL hufO{ lghnfO{ cbfntdf
pkl:yt u/fO{ d'2fsf] k'k{If z'? ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/ To;/L d'ntjL hufpg'eGbf klxn] cbfntn] To:tf] cleo'QmnfO{ k'gM
Ohfht k|fKt lrlsT;såf/f hfFRg nufO{ To:tf] lrlsT;sn] cleo'Qm :j:y e} ;s]sf]
5 eGg] Joxf]/f k|dfl0ft u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-*_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -&_ adf]lhd :j:ytf k|dfl0ft ug]{ lrlsT;snfO{ cbfntn]
rfx]df ;fIfLsf] ?kdf pkl:yt x'g cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-(_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg xf]; 7]ufgfdf g/x]sf]
AolQm;Fu c? AolQmx? klg k|ltjfbL /x]5g eg] To:tf k|ltjfbLsf] xsdf d'2fsf]
;'g'jfO ug{ afwf k'u]sf] dflgg] 5}g .
!@(= d'2fsf] k'k{If v'nf Ohnf;df ug'{ kg]{ M cbfntn] d'2fsf] k'k{If ubf{ v'nf Ohnf;df
ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/ hf;';L, dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/ k;f/, of}ghGo s;"/, afnaflnsf
cleo'Qm jf kLl8t ePsf] d'2f, dlxnf la?4sf] lx+;f, hjh{:tL s/0fL, xf8gftf s/0fL
jf ktL kTgLlar rn]sf] d'2f jf cbfntn] aGb Ohnf;df ;'g'jfO{ ug{ plrt b]vL
cfb]z u/]sf] cGo d'2fsf] k'k{If aGb Ohnf;df x'g ;Sg]5 / To:tf] Ohnf;df
cbfntn] To:tf] d'2f;Fu ;DalGwt kIf, ;DalGwt sfg"g Joj;foL, cbfntsf sd{rf/L
/ cbfntn] cfjZos b]v]sf cGo AolQm afx]s c?nfO{ k|j]z lgif]w ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!#)= cleo'Qmn] cfk\mgf] k|lt/Iffsf] nflu sfg"g Joj;foL lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ s'g}
s;"/sf] cleof]u nfu]sf] cleo'Qmn] cfk"m pk/ nfu]sf] cf/f]k v08g ug{ jf cfk\mgf]
k|lt/Iffsf] nflu cfk"mn] /f]h]sf] sfg"g Joj;foL lgo'Qm u/L ax; k}/jL u/fpg
;Sg]5 .
-@_ hGd s}bsf] ;hfo jf bz jif{ jf bz jif{eGbf a9L s}bsf] ;hfo x'g ;Sg]
s;"/sf] cf/f]k nfu]sf] cleo'Qmn] cfkm\gf] sfg"g Joj;foL lgo'Qm gu/]df cbfntn]
93
To:tf] cleo'Qmsf] xsdf cbfntsf] tkm{af6 lgo'Qm sfg"g Joj;foLaf6 lghsf]

k|lt/Iff ug{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} cleo'Qmn]
pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sfg"g Joj;foL /fVg grfx]df jf pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd
cbfntn] lgo'Qm u/]sf] sfg"g Joj;foLaf6 k|lt/Iff u/fpg OGsf/ u/]df klg d'2fsf]
sf/afxL cufl8 a9fpg afwf k'u]sf] dflgg] 5}g .
!#!= k}m;nf ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ d'2fdf k|df0f a'emg] sfo{ ;dfKt ePsf] ;fdfGotof Ps
dlxgfleq GofofwLzn] d'2fsf] k}m;nf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq k}m;nf ug{ g;lsPdf To;sf] sf/0f
v'nfO{ k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntdf To;sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ o; bkmf adf]lhd k}m;nf ubf{ b]xfosf s'/f ;d]t pNn]v u/L cg';"rL–$#
adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ d'2fsf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0f tyf ;f];Fu ;DalGwt cfjZos s'/f,
-v_ d'2fdf s'g} sfg"g Joj;foLn] ax; u/]sf] eP To:tf] ax;sf]
d'Vo d'Vo a'Fbf,
-u_ d'2fsf kIfx?n] k]z u/]sf] k|df0f, tL k|df0fsf] ljZj;lgotf jf
v08gLo, To;sf] cfwf/, k|df0fsf] kof{Kttf jf ckof{Kttf,
-3_ d'2fdf s'g} kIfn] s'g} sfg"gL k|Zg p7fPsf] eP To; ;DaGwL
s'/f,
-ª_ s;"/ 7x/ x'g] jf gx'g] cfwf/ tyf To;sf] sf/0f,
-r_ k'g/fj]bg nfUg] jf gnfUg] / k'g/fj]bg ug'{ kg]{ cbfnt,
-5_ cGo cfjZos s'/fx? .
-$_ o; bkmf adf]lhd k}m;nf ubf{ GofofwLzn] cfk\mgf] k}m;nfsf] k"0f{ n]v
tof/ ePsf]df To:tf] k"0f{ n]v / tof/ gePsf]df cfk\mgf] lg0f{o;Dd dfq ;'gfpg
;Sg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd lg0f{o dfq ;'gfOPsf]df GofofwLzn] To:tf] lg0f{osf]
5f]6s/L ljj/0f /fo lstfadf n]vL ;xL5fk u/L d'2fsf pkl:yt kIfnfO{ ;d]t
;xL5fk u/fO{ /fVg' kg]{5 .
94
t/ g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL x'g] d'2fdf ;/sf/L jlsnnfO{ ;xL5fk u/fpg' kg]{
5}g .

-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd lg0f{o ;'gfPsf]df GofofwLzn] PSsfO; sfo{
lbgleq k}m;nf n]vL ldl;n ;+nUg /fVg' kg]{5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; pkbkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ælg0f{o ;'gfPsf]Æ eGgfn] ;hfo lgwf{/0f
u/L ;'gfPsf] lg0f{o ;Demg' k5{ .

-^s_ pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd tof/ ul/Psf] km};nfdf km};nf ePsf] / km};nf
tof/ ePsf] ldlt pNn]v u/L GofofwLzn] x:tfIf/ u/L k|df0fLs/0f ug{' kg]{5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq k}m;nf gn]lvPdf To:tf] Dofb ;dfKt
ePsf] tLg lbgleq ;DalGwt kIfn] pRr cbfnt / dftxt cbfntsf] km};nfsf]
xsdf ;DalGwt pRr cbfntsf d'Vo GofofwLz ;dIf / ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] km};nfsf]
xsdf k|wfg GofofwLz ;dIf ph'/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-*_ pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd ph'/ kg{ cfPsf]df ;DalGwt d'Vo GofofwLz jf
k|wfg GofofwLzn] Ps xKtfleq km};nf tof/ u/L ;Sg ;DalGwt GofofwLznfO{
lgb]{zg lbg' kg]{5 .
-(_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhdsf] lg0f{o cbfntn] ;Dej eP;Dd cfk\mgf]
j]j;fO6df tTsfn /fVg' kg]{5 .
-!)_ cbfntn] k|To]s xKtf tof/ eO{ k|df0fLs/0f ePsf km};nfsf] ljj/0f
cbfntsf] ;"rgf kf6Ldf 6fF; u/L cfkm\gf] j]a;fO{6df ;d]t /fVg' kg{]5 .
!#@= k}m;nfsf] ;"rgf tyf gSsn lbg] M -!_ d'2fsf] sf/afxLdf z'?b]lv g} ;+nUg g/x]sf]
cleo'Qm jf k|ltjfbL, y'gf jf s}bdf /x]sf] cleo'Qm jf Pp6f dfq kIf eO{ PstkmL{
sf/afxL ePsf] d'2fsf] cleo'QmnfO{ cbfntn] cg';"rL–$$ adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf
k}m;nfsf] ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf ;dfXjfg ;/x tfd]n ul/g]5 / To:tf]
;"rgf tfd]n x'g g;s]df g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] /fli6«o :t/sf] s'g} b}lgs
;dfrf/kqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg ul/g]5 .


95
-#_ cg';"rL–$ adf]lhdsf] d'2fsf ;Gbe{df pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf

k|sfzg ubf{ nfUg] vr{ ;DalGwt kIfn] Joxf]g'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ cg';"rL–!, cg';"rL–@ / cg';"rL–# adf]lhdsf] d'2fdf ePsf] k}m;nfsf]
hfgsf/L ;DalGwt ;/sf/L jlsnsf] sfof{nonfO{ ;d]t lbg' kg]{5 .
!##= d[To' ePdf d'2f vf/]h x'g] M -!_ o; ;+lxtfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
s'g} d'2fsf] cleo'Qm jf k|ltjfbLsf] d[To' ePdf cbfntn] To:tf] d'2f vf/]h ul/lbg'
kg]{5 .
t/ PseGbf a9L cleo'Qm jf k|ltjfbL ePsf]df s'g} Ps cleo'Qmsf] d[To'
x'b}df d'2f vf/]h ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg lauf] jf Ifltk"lt{
;dfj]z ePsf] d'2fdf cleo'Qm jf k|ltjfbLsf] d[To' ePklg cbfntn] ldl;n ;+nUg
k|df0f / a'e\mg cfjZos b]lvPsf] cGo k|df0fx? ;d]t a'emL lauf] jf Ifltk"lt{ sfod
ug]]{ lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ s'g} ph'/jfnfsf] d[To' eP tfklg pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] d'2fdf lghsf]
xsjfnfn] To:tf] ph'/jfnfsf] d[To' ePsf] tL; lbgleq d'2f ;sf/ ug{ cfPdf
cbfntn] ;sf/ u/fO{ ldl;n ;fd]n /x]sf] k|df0f / a'em\g cfjZos b]lvPsf] cGo
k|df0fx? ;d]t a'emL lauf]] jf Ifltk"lt{ e/fOlbg' kg]{ jf gkg]{ s'/fsf] lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ k'g/fj]bg, k'g/fjnf]sg jf d'2f bf]xf]¥ofpg lgj]bg lbg] kIfsf] jf To:tf]
d'2fdf klxn] s;"/bf/ 7xl/Psf] AolQmsf] d[To' ePdf To:tf] k'g/fj]bg, k'g/fjnf]sg jf
bf]x¥ofO{ x]l/Psf] d'2f tfd]nLdf /flvlbg' kg]{5 .
t/ –
-s_ Ps} kIfsf] s'g} Pp6f AolQmsf] d[To' ePsf]df cGo AolQmsf]
xsdf d'2fsf] sf/afxL gu/L tfd]nLdf /fVg ;lsg] 5}g,
-v_ lauf]] ;dfj]z ePsf] d'2fdf xsjfnfn] rfx]df hfgsf/L k|fKt
ePsf] ldltn] k}FtL; lbgleq ;sf/ ug{ kfpg]5 .

96
kl/R5]b – !$
k'g/fj]bg / ;fws ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!#$= k'g/fj]bg nfUg] M -!_ cbfntn] u/]sf] k}m;nf jf clGtd cfb]z pk/ lrQ ga'e\mg]

kIfn] km};nf ePsf] yfxf kfPsf] ldltn] g]kfn ;/sf/ afbL x'g] kmf}hbf/L d'2fsf]
xsdf ;Q/L lbg / cGo d'2fdf tL; lbgleq k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
t/ To:tf] cjlwleq k'g/fj]bg ug{ g;s]sf] sf/0f b]vfO{ k'g/fj]bg ug{ rfxg]
kIfn] lgj]bg lbPdf / lgj]bgsf] Joxf]/f dgfl;a 7x/fPdf k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntn]
a9Ldf tL; lbg;Ddsf] Dofb yfldlbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg ug{ rfxg] AolQmn] k}m;nf ug]{ cbfntsf]
k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg btf{ u/fpg' kg{]5 .
-#_ o; ;+lxtfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cbfntaf6 ;'g'jfO{
x'Fbfsf avt d'2fsf] kIf jf lghsf] jfl/; pkl:yt ePsf] jf lghsf] sfg"g Joj;foL
pkl:yt eO{ ax; k}/jL u/]sf] /x]5 / ;f]xL lbg k}m;nf ePsf] /x]5 eg] d'2fsf] kIfn]
To:tf] k}m;nf ePsf] yfxf kfPsf] dflgg]5 .

t/ ;/sf/ jfbL ePsf] d'2fsf] xsdf bkmf !#@ sf] pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd
km};nfsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] ldltaf6 k'g/fj]bg ug]{ Dofb z'? x'g]5 .
-$_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k}m;nf ePsf] ldltn]
Ps jif{sf] cjlw gf3]kl5 kIfn] k}m;nf ePsf] :jtM yfxf kfPsf] dflgg]5 .
!#%= k}m;nf ug]{ cbfnt jf s}bdf /x]sf] sf/fuf/ dfk{mt k'g/fj]bg btf{ ug{ ;lsg] M -!_
bkmf !#$ sf] pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;f] bkmfsf] pkbkmf -!_
adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg ug{ rfxg] AolQmn] k}m;nf ug]{ cbfnt dfkm{t jf To:tf] k}m;nfaf6
s;"/bf/ 7xl/Psf] AolQm s}bdf /x]sf] eP s}bdf /x]sf] sf/fuf/ dfkm{t klg k'g/fj]bg
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg btf{ ePsf]df To:tf] cbfnt jf sf/fuf/n]
k'g/fj]bsn] lghnfO{ ePsf] ;hfo ef]u]sf] jf a'emfPsf] jf To; afkt w/f}6 jf
hdfgt lbPsf] eP To:tf] Joxf]/f vf]nL k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntdf oyf;Dej rfF8f]
k'g/fj]bg k7fO{ k'g/fj]bsnfO{ To; s'/fsf] hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 .


97
-#_ k}m;nf ug]{] cbfntn] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg k7fpFbf ;DalGwt
ldl;n ;d]t ;fy} /fvL k7fpg' kg]{5 .
!#^= k'g/fj]bg lbFbf /Lt k'¥ofpg' kg]{ M -!_ k'g/fj]bg lbFbf cg';"rL–$% adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf
lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lbg] k'g/fj]bgdf cGo s'/fsf] cltl/Qm k'g/fj]bs /
k|ToyL{sf] k'/f gfd / 7]ufgf, d'2fsf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0f, tNnf] cbfntsf] lg0f{odf lrQ
ga'e]msf] s'/f / To;sf] cfwf/, k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntaf6 lg0f{o x'g' kg]{ s'/fx? /
;DalGwt sfg"g :ki6 ?kdf pNn]v u/L k'g/fj]bsn] ;xL5fk ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg lbFbf b]xfosf lnvtx? k'g/fj]bg ;fy
;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ h'g k}m;nf pk/ k'g/fj]bg lbg vf]h]sf] xf] To:tf] k}m;nfsf]
k|ltlnlk,
-v_ k}m;nfaf6 k'g/fj]bsnfO{ s'g} ;hfo ePsf] /x]5 eg] lghn]
To:tf] ;hfo ef]u]sf] jf a'emfPsf] jf To; afkt s}bdf /x]sf]
jf hdfgt lbPsf] jf w/f}6 /fv]sf] lg:;f .
!#&= k'g/fj]bg lb+bf s}bdf a:g' kg]{ M -!_ b]xfosf] s'g} AolQmn] k'g/fj]bg lbFbf s}bdf a;]/
lbg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ hGds}bsf] ;hfo ePsf] AolQm,
-v_ bz jif{eGbf a9L s}b ;hfo ePsf] AolQm,
-u_ cg';"rL–! jf cg';"rL–@ cGtu{tsf] s;"/df s;"/bf/ 7x/L tLg
jif{eGbf a9L s}bsf] ;hfo kfPsf] AolQm,
-3_ k'k{Ifsf] nflu y'gfdf j;]sf]df s;"/bf/ 7x/L s}b ;hfo kfPsf]
AolQm,
-ª_ s}bsf] ;hfo kfPsf] / g]kfnleq :yfoL a;f]af; gePsf]
AolQm .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg krxQ/ jif{ dflysf]
AolQm jf lgsf] gx'g] jf cToGt s8f /f]u nfuL y'gfdf a:g g;Sg] egL g]kfn
;/sf/n] u7g u/]sf]] d]l8sn af]8{af6 l;kmfl/; ePsf] AolQm jf cbfntaf6 k'k{Ifsf]
98
nflu y'gfdf /fVg gkg]{ cfb]z eO{ y'gfdf ga;]sf] cj:yfdf bz jif{;Dd s}b ;hfo
ePsf] s;"/bf/n] y'gfdf ga;L k'g/fj]bg lbg] cg'dltsf] nflu sf/0f v'nfO{ lgj]bg
u/]df / To:tf] sf/0f dgfl;a b]lvPdf k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntn] lgh;Fu w/f}6 jf
hdfgt lnO{ k'g/fj]bg ug]{ cg'dlt lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd cg'dlt lbPsf]df To:tf] cbfntn] y'gfdf ga;L
k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;Sg] sf/0f v'nfO{ cfb]z krf{ v8f u/L ldl;n ;+nUg /fVg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ df n]lvPsf] AolQm afx]s cGo AolQmn] k}m;nf adf]lhd
cfk"mnfO{ ePsf] ;hfo afkt k}m;nf ug]{ jf k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntdf w/f}6 jf
hdfgt lbO{ k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd w/f}6 jf hdfgt glbg] AolQmnfO{ s}b ;hfo ePsf]
/x]5 eg] lghn] To:tf] ;hfo afkt s}bdf a;]/ dfq k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -@_ jf -$_ adf]lhdsf] w/f}6 jf hdfgt lbg g;sL s}bdf a;L
k'g/fj]bg lbg] AolQmsf] k'g/fj]bg pk/ To:tf] k'g/fj]bg btf{ ePsf] ldltn] 5
dlxgfleq k}m;nf x'g g;s]df ;DalGwt k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntn] lghnfO{ To:tf]
cjlwkl5 s}baf6 5f8L tfl/vdf /fvL k'k{If ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq k}m;nf ug{ g;lsPdf To:tf] cbfntn]
sf/0f v'nfO{ k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntnfO{ To;sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-*_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg, –
-s_ d'2fsf] sf/afxLsf] l;nl;nfdf y'gfdf jf s}bdf k/L k}m;nf
adf]lhdsf] ;hfo e'Qmfg u/L ;s]sf] AolQm eP k'g/fj]bg
ug{sf] nflu s}bdf a:g jf w/f}6 jf hdfgt lbg kg]{ 5}g,
-v_ k'g/fj]bg u/]sf] sf/0fn] dfq s'g} AolQmnfO{ k}m;nf adf]lhd
ePsf] ;hfoeGbf a9L x'g] u/L s}bdf /flvg] 5}g .
-(_ kl/R5]b–& adf]lhd w/f}6 jf hdfgt lbg] AolQmsf] xsdf lgj]bg lbFbf
jf k'g/fj]bg ubf{ To:tf] w/f}6 jf hdfgtaf6 k'u];Dd ;f]xL w/f}6 jf hdfgtnfO{ o;
bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf nflu w/f}6 jf hdfgt sfod ug{ ;lsg] 5 .

-!)_ =============

99
-!!_ d'2fsf] sf/afxLsf] l;nl;nfdf k'g/fj]bg ug]{ AolQm afx]s c? s;}sf]

;DklQ w/f}6 jf hdfgt /x]sf]df To:tf] AolQmsf] d~h'/Lljgf To:tf] ;DklQnfO{ o;
bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu w/f}6 jf hdfgt sfod ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
!#*= ldl;n lemsfpg] M -!_ bkmf !#% sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ldl;n k|fKt ePsf]df
afx]s k'g/fj]bg btf{ ePkl5 k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntn] oyf;Dej rfF8f] ;DalGwt
cbfntnfO{ To:tf] d'2fsf] ldl;n k7fpg cfb]z lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cfb]z k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] tLg lbgleq ;DalGwt
cbfntn] ldl;n k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntdf k7fOlbg' kg]{5 .
!#(= k'g/fj]bgsf] ;'g'jfO{sf] tfl/v tf]Sg] M bkmf !#% sf] pkbkmf -#_ jf bkmf !#*
adf]lhd ldl;n k|fKt ePkl5 k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntn] k'g/fj]bgsf] ;'g'jfO{ x'g]
tfl/v tf]Sg' kg]{5 .
!$)= k'g/fj]bgsf] ;'g'jfO{ M -!_ tNnf] cbfntaf6 ldl;n k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] 5 dlxgfleq
k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntn] k'g/fj]bgsf] ;'g'jfO{ ul/;Sg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg ;'g'jfO{ ubf{ tNnf] cbfntn] u/]sf] lg0f{o
dgfl;a eO{ tflTjs km/s kg]{ gb]lvPdf k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntn] ;f]sf] sf/0f v'nfO{
k'g/fj]bg lhls/ c:jLs[t ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;'g'jfO ubf{ tNnf] cbfntaf6 ePsf] lg0f{o km/s
kg{ ;Sg] b]lvPdf To;sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntn] ;'g'jfOsf] nflu
k|ToyL{ lemsfpg] cfb]z ug]{5 .

-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd k|ToyL{ lemsfpg] cfb]z ePdf k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg]
cbfntn] k'g/fj]bg kqsf] k|ltlnlk ;fy} /fvL k|ToyL{sf] gfpFdf af6f]sf] Dofbafx]s
kG„ lbgleq pkl:yt x'g Dofb hf/L ug{' kg]{5 .

-$s_ pkbkmf -$_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg]
cbfntn] rfx]df pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] Dofb cfkm}Fn] jf z'? d'2f km};nf ug]{ cbfnt
dfkm{t\ o; ;+lxtf adf]lhdsf] /Lt k'{ofO{ tfd]n ug{ ;Sg]5 .



100

-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhdsf] Dofb kfPsf] AolQmn] cbfntn] tf]s]sf]
cjlwleq k'g/fj]bgsf] lhls/ v08g u/L k|lt/Iff ug{ lnlvt k|ltjfb k]z ug{
;Sg]5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd cbfntdf k]z ug]{ lnlvt k|ltjfb cg';"rL–$^ df
plNnlvt 9fFrf adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ;'g'jfO{ u/]kl5 k'g/fj]bg pk/ cbfntn] lg0f{o ug'{
kg]{5 .
!$!= k|ToyL{ cg'kl:yt ePdf k'g/fj]bgsf] PstkmL{ ;'g'jfO{ x'g] M -!_ bkmf !$) sf] pkbkmf
-#_ adf]lhd lbOPsf] ;"rgfsf] Dofbleq k|ToyL{ pkl:yt gePdf k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg]
cbfntn] k'g/fj]bgsf] lg0f{osf] nflu sDtLdf kGw| lbg kl5sf] tfl/v tf]sL To:tf]
tfl/vsf] lbg k'g/fj]bgsf] ;'gjfO{ u/L lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k|ToyL{n] bkmf !$) sf]
pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd lbOPsf] ;"rgfsf] Dofbleq pkl:yt x'g g;s]sf] s'g} dgfl;a
sf/0f b]vfO{ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] tfl/v cufj} lgj]bgkq lbPdf / To:tf]
sf/0f dgfl;a b]lvPdf cbfntn] lghsf] Dofb yfdL pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf]
tfl/vsf] lbg lghnfO{ pkl:yt x'g] cfb]z lbO{ k'g/fj]bg pk/sf] ;'g'jfO{ u/L d'2fsf]
lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!$@= tfl/vdf a:g gkg]{ M -!_ k'g/fj]bgsf] sf/afxLsf] l;nl;nfdf tfl/vdf a:g grfx]df
k'g/fj]bs jf k|ToyL{n] ;f]xL Joxf]/fsf] lgj]bg cbfntdf lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bg k/]sf]df k'g/fj]bs jf k|ToyL{ vf]h]sf] a]nfdf
pkl:yt x'g] sfuh u/fO{ cbfntn] lghsf] tfl/v 6'6fO{ lbg ;Sg]5 .
t/ tfl/vdf g/x]sf] k'g/fj]bs jf k|ToyL{n] rfx]df k'g/fj]bgsf] ;'g'jfO{sf]
nflu tf]lsPsf] tfl/vsf lbg pkl:yt x'g ;Sg]5 .
-#_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k'g/fj]bg ;'g'jfO{
x'Fbfsf avt k'g/fj]bg pk/ s]xL s'/f a'e\mg' kg]{ jf s'g} k|df0f bfv]n u/fpg' kg]{
eGg] cbfntnfO{ nfu]df To:tf] cj:yfdf k'g/fj]bs jf k|ToyL{nfO{ lemsfO{ tfl/vdf
/fVg ;lsg]5 .

101
!$#= k'g/fj]bs jf k|ToyL{nfO{ lbOg] ;"rgf jf cfb]z ;dfXjfg ;/x tfd]n ul/g] M bkmf
!$) jf !$@ adf]lhd k'g/fj]bs jf k|ToyL{nfO{ cbfntn] lbg] ;"rgf jf cfb]z
kl/R5]b–^ adf]lhd ;dfXjfg ;/x tfd]n ul/g]5 .
!$$= k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntsf] clwsf/ M -!_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg pk/ ;'g'jfO{
ubf{ k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntnfO{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] clwsf/ x'g]5 M–
-s_ tNnf] cbfntsf] k}m;nf ;b/ jf ab/ ug{] jf pN6L jf s]xL
pN6L ug]{,
-v_ tNnf] cbfntn] s;"/bf/nfO{ tf]s]sf] ;hfosf] dfqf 36fpg] jf
a9fpg] jf ;hfodf kl/jt{g ug]{,
-u_ a'em\g' kg]{ k|df0f ga'emL k}m;nf ePsf] /x]5 eg] To:tf] k|df0f
cfk}mn] a'e\mg] jf a'em\g tNnf] cbfntnfO{ cfb]z lbg],
-3_ d'2fdf 7x/ ug'{ kg]{ ljifodf 7x/ gePsf] eP To:tf] ljifodf
cfk}mn] 7x/ ug]{ jf 7x/ ug{ tNNff] cbfntdf k7fpg],

-ª_ tNnf] cbfntsf] km};nfdf cfg'iflËs jf k|f;lËs kl/jt{g ug]{ .
-@_ tNnf] cbfntn] u/]sf] k}m;nf pk/ s'g} vf; s;"/bf/sf] jf k|ltjfbLsf]
dfq k'g/fj]bg k/]sf] /x]5 / To:tf] k'g/fj]bgsf] lg0f{o ubf{ k'g/fj]bg gug]{ s;"/bf/
jf k|ltjfbLsf] xsdf tNnf] cbfntsf] k}m;nf km/s kg]{ b]lvPdf k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg]
cbfntn] ;f]sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ To:tf] s;"/bf/ jf k|ltjfbLsf] xsdf klg pkbkmf -!_
df plNnlvt clwsf/sf] k|of]u u/L sfg"g adf]lhd k}m;nf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg]
cbfntn] tNnf] cbfntnfO{ ePsf] clwsf/ cfjZostf cg';f/ k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!$%= ;fws M -!_ s'g} cbfntaf6 s'g} cleo'QmnfO{ aL; jif{ jf aL; jif{eGbf a9L jf
hGds}bsf] ;hfo x'g] u/L k}m;nf ePsf]df To;/L k}m;nf ePsf] ldltn] k}FtL; lbgleq
To:tf] cbfntn] ldl;n ;lxt k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntdf ;fws k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

-!s_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd hGds}b ug{' kg]{ d'2fsf] cleo'Qmn] s;"/ u/]sf]
s'/fdf cbfntdf ;flat ePsf]df To:tf] s;"/ ubf{sf] kl/l:yltnfO{ ljrf/ ubf{
hGds}bsf] ;hfo ug{' Gofosf] /f]xdf a9L kg]{ eO{ GofofwLzn] sf/0f ;lxt 36L


102
;hfosf] k|:tfj u/L /fo ;lxt km};nf u/]sf]df To;/L km};nf ePsf] ldltn] k}+tL;
lbgleq ldl;n ;lxt k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntdf /fo k]z ug{' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;fws k]z ePsf]df k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntn] klg
To:tf] cleo'QmnfO{ aL; jif{ jf aL; jif{eGbf a9L jf hGds}bsf] ;hfo ug]{ 7x/fO{
k}m;nf u/]df ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf ;fws k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

-#_ pkbkmf -!s_ adf]lhd /fo k]z ePsf]df k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntn]
To;/L ul/Psf] 36L ;hfonfO{ ;b/ u/]sf]df ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf /fo k]z ug{' kg]{5 .
!$^= ;fws k}m;nf pk/ k'g/fj]bg nfUg] M bkmf !$% adf]lhd ;fws k]z x'g] u/L ePsf]
k}m;nfdf lrQ ga'e\mg] kIfn] To:tf] k}m;nf pk/ k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!$&= k'g/fj]bg nfUg] Dofb;Dd ;fws k}m;nf ug{ gx'g] M -!_ bkmf !$% adf]lhd ;fws
k]z ePsf] d'2fdf k'g/fj]bg nfUg] Dofb;Dd ;fwssf] k}m;nf ug{ xF'b}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq k'g/fj]bg k/]df ;fwssf] nut s§f u/L
k'g/fj]bgsf] /f]xaf6 d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/ ;hfo kfpg] AolQmx?dWo] s'g} AolQmsf] dfq k'g/fj]bg k/]sf]df k'g/fj]bg
gug]{ AolQmsf xsdf klg ;f]xL k'g/fj]bg s} /f]xaf6 lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{5 .
!$* ;fws k]z ubf{sf] sfo{ljlw M -!_ bkmf !$% adf]lhd s'g} cbfntn] s'g} d'2fdf ;fws
k]z ubf{ To:tf] d'2fsf] ldl;n ;d]t ;fy} k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;fws k]z u/]sf] d'2fdf cleo'Qm y'gfdf /x]sf] eP
lgh y'gfdf /x]sf] ldlt, lgh /x]sf] sf/fuf/sf] gfd tyf cleo'Qm km/f/ /x]sf] jf
y'gfaf6 efu]sf] eP ;f] ;d]t v'nfO{ k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ ;fws ;'g'jfO{ ;DaGWfL cGo sfo{ljlw k'g/fj]bgsf] ;'g'jfO{ ;/x x'g]5 .
!$(= ;fws x]g]{ cbfntsf] clwsf/ M -!_ ;fws x]g]{ cbfntn] k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntnfO{
eP ;/xsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ ;fws hfFr ubf{ tNnf] cbfntsf] k}m;nfsf] OG;fkm gldnL s'g} kl/jt{g
x'g ;Sg] b]lvPdf kGw| lbgsf] Dofb lbO{ ;DalGwt kIfx?nfO{ lemsfpg' kg]{5 .
!%)= k'g/fj]bg / ;fws k}m;nf M k'g/fj]bg k}m;nf ubf{ cg';"rL–$& adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf /
;fws k}m;nf ubf{ cg';"rL–$* adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf ug'{ kg]{5 .


103
t/ k'g/fj]bg / ;fwssf] Pp6} k}m;nf ug'{ kg]{ cj:yfdf cg';"rL–$&

adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf ug'{ kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b – !%
k}m;nf sfof{Gjog ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!%!= ;hfosf] nut v8f ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ cbfntaf6 s'g} d'2fsf] km};nf eP kl5 ;DalGwt
cbfntn] To:tf] km};nf adf]lhd nfu]sf] b08, hl/afgf jf 7x/]sf] ljuf] jf Ifltk"lt{sf]
nut tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ k'g/fjb]g ;'Gg] cbfntaf6 s'g} AolQm s;"/bf/ 7x/L jf tNnf] cbfntsf]
k}m;nf pN6L eO{ jf ab/ eO{ s;"/bf/ 7x/]sf]df To;sf] nut v8f u/L sfof{Gjog
ug{ ;DalGwt lhNnf cbfntdf k}m;nfsf] k|ltlnlk k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd nut v8f u/]kl5 ;DalGwt cbfntn] k}m;nf
sfof{Gjog ug]{5 / k}m;nf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu s'g} sfd s'g} lgsfon] ug'{ kg]{ /x]5
eg] ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ To:tf] sfd ug{ cfb]z ug]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd cfb]z ubf{ s}b ;hfo kfpg] AolQm cbfntdf
pkl:yt /x]sf] eP lghnfO{ cbfntn] sf/fuf/df rnfg u/L k7fpg' kg]{5 / pkl:yt
ePsf] /x]g5 jf y'gf jf s}bdf klg a;]sf] /x]g5 eg] lghnfO{ kqmfp u/L sf/fuf/df
a'emfpg] u/L ;DalGwt k|x/L sfof{nonfO{ cg';"rL–$( adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf cfb]z
k7fpg' kg]{5 .

-%_ km};nf sfof{Gjog ;DaGwdf s'g} låljwf ePdf sf/fuf/ sfof{non]
;DalGwt lhNnf cbfntdf n]vL k7fpg' kg]{5 / lhNnf cbfntaf6 lgsf;f eP
adf]lhd ug{' kg]{5 .
!%@= km};nf sfof{Gjog ug]{ lgsfo M -!_ d'2fsf] km};nf h'g;'s} txsf] cbfntaf6 ePsf]
eP klg To:tf] d'2fdf ePsf] km};nfsf] sfof{Gjog cleof]ukq jf ph'/L bfo/ ePsf]
lhNnf cbfntn] ug]{5 .
-@_ k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntn] z'? sf/afxL / lsgf/f u/]sf] d'2fsf] km};nf
sfof{Gjog ;d]t ;DalGwt lhNnf cbfntn] ug]{5 .

104
-#_ o; bkmfdf cGoGq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k|ltjfbLsf] ;ª\Vof

lghx?sf] a;f]af; jf lghsf] ;DklQsf] cjl:yltsf] sf/0f km};nf sfof{Gjog ug]{
lhNnf cbfnt olsg x'g g;s]df k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntn] tf]s]sf] lhNnf cbfntn]
d'2fsf] km};nf sfof{Gjog ug]{5 .
-$_ lgoldt cbfnt afx]s cGo Goflos lgsfoaf6 ePsf] km};nfsf]
sfof{Gjog ;DalGwt lgsfon] ug]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg km};nf sfof{Gjog ug]{
;DaGwdf sfg"gdf cGoyf Joj:yf gePsf]df ;DalGwt lhNnf cbfntn] o;} ;+lxtf
adf]lhd km};nf sfof{Gjog ug]{5 .
!%#= km};nf sfof{Gjog :ylut x'g] M -!_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf cbfntn] km};nf sfof{Gjog
:yug ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ sfg"g adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg nfUg ;Sg] d'2fdf k'g/fj]bg k/]sf]
eP k'g/fj]bgsf] /f]xaf6 d'2fsf] clGtd lsgf/f geP;Dd jf
k'g/fj]bg gk/]sf]df k'g/fj]bg nfUg ;Sg] Dofb e'Qmfg
geP;Dd,
-v_ sfg"g adf]lhd ;fws k]z x'g] d'2f eP k]z ePsf] ;fwssf]
lgsf;f geP;Dd .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg k/]sf]df k'g/fj]bg ug]{ kIfn]
k'g/fj]bg u/]sf] Joxf]/fsf] lgj]bg ;DalGwt cbfntdf lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg o; ;+lxtfdf cGoyf
Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s s'g} s;"/bf/nfO{ s}bsf] ;hfo x'g] 7x/L k}m;nf ePsf]df
To:tf] s;"/bf/nfO{ tTsfn s}bdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .

!%$= s}bdf /fVg' kg]{ M -!_ bkmf !%! sf] pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd cbfntdf pkl:yt
s;"/bf/sf] xsdf s}bL k"hL{ hf/L eO{ cfPkl5 / km/f/sf] xsdf ;d]t s;"/bf/ k|x/L
sfof{noaf6 kqmfp eO{ cbfntdf k]z u/L lghsf] gfddf s}bL k"hL{ hf/L eO{ cfPkl5
sf/fuf/ sfof{non] To:tf] s;"/bf/nfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd s}bdf /fVg' kg]{5 .

105
t/ c7f/ jif{ pd]/ gk'u]sf] afnaflnsf s;"/bf/ 7xl/Psf]df lghnfO{ g]kfn

;/sf/n] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5'§} afn ;'wf/ u[x jf o:t} cGo u[xdf /fVg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s}bdf /fVbf s;"/bf/ slxn]b]lv y'gfdf /x]sf] jf
kqmfp k/]sf] xf] lghsf] s}b cjlw slxn] e'Qmfg x'g] xf] eGg] s'/f ;d]tsf] clen]v
sf/fuf/ sfof{non] tof/ u/L cBfjlws ?kdf /fVg' kg]{5 .
!%%= s}b afkt /sd ltg{ ;lsg] M -!_ s'g} s;"/df klxnf] k6s s;"/bf/ 7x/L Ps jif{ jf
Ps jif{eGbf sd s}bsf] ;hfo ePsf] d'2fdf s;"/bf/sf] pd]/, s;"/sf] uDeL/tf,
s;"/ u/]sf] tl/sf, cfr/0f ;d]tnfO{ ljrf/ ubf{ sf/fuf/df /fVg' pko'Qm gb]lvPdf
tyf lghnfO{ 5f]8\bf ;fj{hlgs zflGt, sfg"g / Joj:yfdf vt/f k'Ug] ;d]t gb]lvPdf
To;sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ cbfntn] lghnfO{ s}bdf /fVg'sf] ;§f To; afkt /sd lnO{
s}baf6 5fl8lbg pko'Qm 7x¥ofPdf s}b afktsf] /sd lt/L s}b a:g' gkg]{ u/L cfb]z
lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] cfb]z lbg'cl3 To:tf] AolQmnfO{ s'g} k|sf/sf]
s;"/ gu/L /fd|f] cfr/0f kfng ug]{5' eGg] Joxf]/fsf] sfuh u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd /sd lt/L s}b a:g' gkg]{ u/L cfb]z ePsf]
s;"/bf/n] s}b afkt /sd a'emfpFbf Ps lbg s}bsf] tLg ;o ?k}ofFsf b/n] /sd
a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s}b a:g 5'6 ePsf] AolQmn] To;/L 5'6]sf] ldltn]
tLg jif{leq s}bsf] ;hfo x'g] s'g} s;"/ u/]df lghnfO{ klxn] ePsf] k}m;nf
adf]lhdsf] s}b ;d]t ykL ;hfo sfof{Gjog ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg Ps jif{ jf Ps
jif{eGbf sd s}bsf] ;hfo kfO{ y'gf jf s}bdf /x] a;]sf] ljb]zL gful/sn] s}bsf] ;§f
/sd lt/L s}baf6 5'6sf/f kfpg lgj]bg lbPdf cbfntn] bkmf !%( sf] pkbkmf -$_
df pNn]v ePsf s;"/ afx]s cGo s;"/sf s;"/bf/nfO{ s}b ;hfo afkt k|lt lbg
kfFr;o ?k}ofFsf b/n] x'g cfpg] /sd Psd'i6 tf]sL To:tf] /sd a'emfPdf afsL
cjlw s}bdf a:g' gkg]{ u/L cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
106
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd cfb]z lbFbf cbfntn] To:tf] AolQmnfO{ ;ft lbgleq
g]]kfn aflx/ k7fpg] cfb]z lbg' kg]{5 / cWofudg sfof{non] cbfntsf] cfb]z
adf]lhd To:tf] AolQmnfO{ g]kfn aflx/ k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -#_ / -%_ adf]lhd k|fKt ePsf] /sdsf] krf; k|ltzt /sd
sfg"g adf]lhd v8f ePsf] kLl8t /fxt sf]ifdf hDdf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-*_ o; bkmf adf]lhd /sd lt/]df s;"/bf/n] s}b e'Qmfg u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
-(_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg o; bkmf adf]lhd
s}baf6 5'6]sf] AolQmsf] s}bsf] nut s}b e'Qmfg x'g] cjlw;Ddsf nflu sfod /xg]5
/ lghn] pkbkmf -@_ / -$_ k|lts"nsf] cfr/0f jf s;"/ u/]df cbfntn] h'g;'s} avt
o; bkmf adf]lhdsf] cfb]z /2 ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-!)_ pkbkmf -(_ adf]lhd cfb]z /2 ePsf]df To:tf] s;"/bf/n] lghnfO{
ePsf] k"/} ;hfo s}bdf a;L e'Qmfg ug{' kg{]5 .
!%^= ;DklQ /f]Ssf /fVg' kg]{ M -!_ bkmf !%! sf] pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L
ul/Psf] AolQmsf] ;DklQ klxn] g} /f]Ssf g/x]sf] ePdf jf lgh kqmfp x'g g;s]df
;DalGwt k|x/L sfof{non] lghsf] c+zxssf] ;DklQ /f]Ssf /fVgsf] nflu To:tf]
;DklQsf] ljj/0f v'nfO{ cbfnt ;dIf k|ltj]bg k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|ltj]bg k]z ePdf ;DalGwt cbfntn] To:tf]
AolQmsf] xssf] ;DklQ /f]Ssf ug{ ;DalGwt dfnkf]t sfof{no jf cGo lgsfo jf
;+:yfnfO{ cfb]z lbg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;DklQ /f]Ssf /fVbf /f]Ssf /fVg' kg]{eGbf a9L ;DklQ
/f]Ssf ePdf To:tf] AolQmn] a9L /f]Ssf ePsf] ;DklQ k'ms'jf ug{ ;DalGwt cbfntdf
lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd lgj]bg k/]df / To:tf] lgj]bg hfFra'em ubf{ To;/L
a9L ;DklQ /f]Ssf /x]sf] b]lvg cfPdf To;/L a9L /f]Ssf /x]sf] xb;Ddsf] ;DklQ
cbfntn] k'ms'jf ug{ ;DalGwt dfnkf]t sfof{no jf lgsfo jf ;+:yfnfO{ cfb]z lbg
;Sg]5 / To;/L cfb]z lbPsf]df To:tf] sfof{no jf ;+:yfn] To:tf] ;DklQ km's'jf ug{'
kg]{5 .
107
-%_ s;"/bf/n] cbfntsf] k}m;nf adf]lhd lauf]], Ifltk"lt{ jf cGo s'g} /sd
ltg'k{ g]{ /x]5 eg] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd /f]Ssf /x]sf] ;DklQaf6 o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd
To:tf] /sd e/fO{ lbO{ afFsL /x]sf] ;DklQ dfq /f]Ssf ug'{ kg]{5 .
!%&= ;DklQ lnnfd ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ bkmf !%! sf] pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd kqmfp ug]{ cfb]z
ePsf] ldltn] 5 dlxgf;Dddf klg s;"/bf/ kqmfp x'g g;s]df k}m;nf adf]lhd
a'emfpg' kg]{ hl/afgf jf Ifltk"lt{sf] /sd bkmf !%^ adf]lhd /f]Ssf /x]sf] ;DklQ
gub eP ;DalGwt lgsfo jf ;+:yfaf6 k|fKt u/L / cGo rn jf crn eP lnnfd
laqmL u/L hl/afgf jf ;/sf/L lauf] afktsf] /sd ;+lrt sf]ifdf bflvnf ug'{ kg]{5 /
To;/L bflvnf u/L afFsL /x]df Ifltk"lt{ e/fpg' kg]{ eP Ifltk"lt{ e/fO{ afFsL /sd
lghsf] xsjfnfnfO{ lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ o; ;+lxtf adf]lhd nut s§f x'ge
' Gbf klxn] s;"/bf/ kqmfp ePdf /
lghn] cfkm"nfO{ nfu]sf] hl/afgf ljuf] jf Ifltk"lt{ afktsf] /sd gub} a'emfpg
rfx]df bkmf !%^ adf]lhd /f]Ssf /x]sf] ;DklQ lnnfd laqmL eO{ g;s]sf] eP To:tf]
;DklQ /f]Ssf /fVbf ePsf] vr{ c;"n u/L / lnnfd laqmL e} ;s]sf]df /f]Ssf /fVbf /
lnnfd laqmL ubf{ ePsf] vr{x? s6fO{ lnnfd laqmLaf6 k|fKt ePsf] ?k}ofF lghnfO{
lkmtf{ lbO{ s}b ;hfo sfof{Gjog ug'{ kg]{5 .
!%*= ;hfo kfPsf] AolQmsf] d[To' ePdf ;hfo ldgfxf x'g] M -!_ cbfntaf6 s;"/bf/ 7x/L
;hfo kfPsf] AolQmsf] d[To' ePdf d[To' x'Fbfsf avt;Dd sfof{Gjog x'g afFsL /x]sf]
;Dk"0f{ s}b ;hfo jf hl/afgf :jtM ldgfxf x'g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;/sf/L jf lghL lauf]],
Ifltk"lt{ jf cGo s'g} /sd eg'{ kg]{ AolQmsf] To:tf] lauf]], Ifltk"lt{ jf /sd e/fpg'
cufj} d[To' ePdf lghsf] xssf] ;DklQaf6 c;'n pk/ x'g];Dd o; ;+lxtf adf]lhd
c;'n pk/ u/L e/fO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lauf], Ifltk"lt{ jf /sd e/fpFbf To:tf] AolQmsf]
;DklQn] vfd];Dd qmdzM ;/sf/L lauf]], Ifltk"lt{, lghL Ifltk"lt{ / lauf]]nfO{
k|fyldstf lbO{ qmdzM e/fpg' kg]{5 .
108
!%(= ;hfo dfkmL lbg ;lsg] M -!_ cbfntsf] k}m;nf adf]lhd 7]lsPsf] ;hfo kfPsf]
AolQmn] ;f] ;hfo dfkmL kfpg, To;nfO{ d'ntjL /fVg, kl/jt{g ug{ jf sd ug{ u[x
dGqfno dfk{mt /fi6«klt ;dIf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bg lbFbf h'g cbfntsf] k}m;nfaf6 lgj]bsn]
;hfo kfPsf] xf] ;f] cbfntsf] k}m;nfsf] k|ltlnlk ;+nUg ug{' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg cfjZos sf/afxLsf] nflu /fi6«kltn] u[x
dGqfnodf k7fPdf ;f] dGqfnon] b]xfosf s'/fx? ljrf/ u/L lghnfO{ ePsf] ;hfo
dfkmL ug]{, d'NtjL /fVg], kl/jt{g ug]{ jf sd ug]{ ;DaGwdf lg0f{osf] nflu g]kfn
;/sf/ ;dIf k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ s;"/sf] k|s[lt / s;"/ ubf{sf] cj:yf,
-v_ s;"/bf/sf] pd]/ tyf zf/Ll/s cj:yf,
-u_ s;"/bf/nfO{ tf]lsPsf] ;hfosf] xb,
-3_ s;"/bf/n] ;f] ;hfo kfpg'cl3 s'g} s;"/ u/L s}bsf] ;hfo
kfPsf] jf gkfPsf] jf kfPsf] eP To:tf] s;"/sf] k|s[lt /
lghn] ef]u]sf] ;hfo,
-ª_ s;"/bf/ y'gfdf /x]sf] jf g/x]sf] .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf s;"/sf
s;"/bf/nfO{ ePsf] ;hfo dfkmL ug]{, d'NtjL /fVg], kl/jt{g ug]{ jf sd ug]{ sf/afxL
ug{ ;lsg] 5}g M–
-s_ e|i6frf/,
-v_ oftgf,
-u_ ha/h:tL s/0fL,
-3_ q'm/ tyf cdfgjLo tl/sfn] jf lgoGq0fdf lnO{ Hofg df/]sf],
-ª_ hflt xTof,
-r_ ljikmf]6s kbfy{,
-5_ ckx/0f, z/L/ aGws jf AolQm a]kQf,
-h_ dfgj a]rljvg tyf cf];f/k;f/,
-em_ ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f, /
109
-`_ tLg jif{eGbf a9L s}b ;hfo x'g] nfu"cf}ifwsf] cf];f/k;f/ jf

sf/f]af/ .
-%_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} cbfntdf
k'g/fj]bg, ;fws hfFr jf k'g/fjnf]sg jf d'2f bf]xf]¥ofpg] cj:yfsf] /f]xdf
ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] jf h'g cbfntsf] k}m;nfaf6 ;hfo tf]lsPsf] xf] To:tf] ;hfo
clGtd eO{ g;s]sf] cj:yfdf u[x dGqfnon] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] sf/afxL ug{
;Sg] 5}g .
-^_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd lg0f{o ug'{cl3 g]kfn ;/sf/n] sfg"g adf]lhd
:yflkt Kof/f]n tyf k|f]j]zg af]8{sf] k/fdz{ lng ;Sg]5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd lg0f{o ubf{ lgj]bsnfO{ ePsf] ;hfo k"/} jf cf+lzs
?kdf dfkmL x'g' kg]{, To;nfO{ d'ntjL /fVg' kg]{, kl/jt{g ug'{ kg]{ jf sd ug'{ kg]{
dgfl;a sf/0f b]v]df g]kfn ;/sf/n] To;sf] cfwf/ v'nfO{ cfk\mgf] /fo ;lxt /fi6«klt
;dIf l;kmfl/; ug]{5 .
-*_ pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ePsf] l;kmfl/; adf]lhd s'g}
s;"/bf/nfO{ 7]lsPsf] ;hfo /fi6«kltaf6 dfkmL ePdf, To;nfO{ d'ntjL /flvPdf,
kl/jt{g ePdf jf sd ul/Pdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] To;sf]] ;"rgf ;DalGwt cbfntnfO{
lbg' kg]{5 .
-(_ pkbkmf -*_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf k|fKt u/]kl5 ;DalGwt cbfntn] ;f]xL
adf]lhd ;hfosf] nut s§f jf cBfalws ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!)_ o; bkmf adf]lhd /fi6«kltaf6 s'g} AolQmnfO{ 7]lsPsf] ;hfo dfkmL
ePsf], ;hfo kl/jt{g jf sd ePsf] sf/0fn] ;DalGwt cbfntsf] k}m;nf ab/ x'g]
5}g / To:tf] AolQmn] ef]uL ;s]sf] ;hfo jf e'QmfgL ul/;s]sf] hl/afgf jf lauf]]nfO{
s'g} c;/ kg]{ 5}g .
-!!_ pkbkmf -#_ / -&_ adf]lhd k|:tfj jf l;kmfl/; ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu
g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfjZos dfkb08 agfpg ;Sg]5 .
!^)= nut s§f ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ cbfntn] bkmf !%! sf] pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd v8f
ePsf] nut b]xfosf] cj:yfdf sf/0f v'nfO{ s§f ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ s;"/bf/n] o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd s}b e'Qmfg u/]df,
110
-v_ s;"/bf/n] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd >d u/L s}b e'Qmfg u/]df,
-u_ s;"/bf/sf] d[To' eO{ bkmf !%* adf]lhd s}b jf ;hfo ldgfxf
ePdf,
-3_ s;"/bf/n] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ;'wf/ u[x jf ;fd'bflos
s]Gb|df s}b e'Qmfg u/]df jf ;fd'bflos ;]jf u/L s}b e'Qmfg
u/]df,
-ª_ s;"/bf/n] bkmf !%( adf]lhd ======== ;hfo dfkmL kfPdf,
-r_ s;"/bf/n] o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd hl/afgf jf ljuf] jf Ifltk"lt{
afktsf] k"/} /sd a'emfPdf, jf
-5_ s;"/bf/nfO{ nfu]sf] s}b jf ;hfo jf ljuf] jf Ifltk"lt{
afktsf] /sd o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd c;'n ul/Pdf .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s}bsf] ;hfo tf]lsPsf]
jf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd hl/afgf jf ;/sf/L lauf]] jf cGo s'g} /sd afkt s}b
a:g' kg]{ AolQm b]xfosf] cjlw;Dd cbfntdf pkl:yt gePdf, sf/fuf/df s}b a:g
gcfPdf jf kqmfp x'g g;s]df cbfntn] lghsf] xsdf v8f ePsf] s}bsf] nut s§f
ul/lbg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ hGds}bsf] ;hfo ePsf]df krf; jif{,
-v_ bz jif{eGbf a9L s}b ;hfo ePsf]df rfnL; jif{,
-u_ kfFr jif{eGbf a9L bz jif{;Dd s}b ;hfo ePsf]df tL; jif{,
-3_ Ps jif{eGbf a9L kfFr jif{;Dd s}b ;hfo ePsf]df aL; jif{,
-ª_ Ps jif{;Ddsf] s}b ;hfo ePsf]df afx| jif{ .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd nut s§f ePsf] AolQm To:tf] cjlw e'Qmfg ePkl5
k]mnf k/]df cbfntn] lghsf] xsdf nut s§f geP ;/x o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd k}m;nf
sfof{Gjog ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd nut s§f ubf{ o; ;+lxtf adf]lhd lghsf] ;DklQ
/f]Ssf ul/Psf] /x]5 eg] To:tf] ;DklQ hkmt u/L lnnfd laqmL u/L k|fKt /sd ;+lrt
sf]ifdf bflvnf ug'{ kg]{5 .

111
-%_ o; bkmf adf]lhd ;hfo e'Qmfg gePsf] sf/0fn] nut s§f ePsf]
AolQmn] To:tf] nut 7]lsg] u/L ePsf] k}m;nf adf]lhdsf] ;hfo e'Qmfg gu/];Dd
k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg lgh s'g} klg ;fj{hlgs
hjfkmb]xLsf] kbdf lgo'lQm jf dgf]gog x'g, tf]lsg jf lgjf{lrt x'g cof]Uo ePsf]
dflgg]5 .
!^!= y'gfdf a;]sf] cjlw s}bdf s§f x'g] M -!_ cbfntaf6 k}m;nf x'Fbf s;"/bf/ 7x/L
s}bsf] ;hfo kfPsf] AolQm cg';Gwfgsf] l;nl;nfdf lx/f;t jf y'gfdf a;]sf] eP
lghnfO{ To;/L y'gfdf a;]sf] cjlw k}m;nf adf]lhdsf] s}bdf s6fO{ afFsL cjlwsf]
nflu dfq s}b ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ s'g} s;"/bf/ cg';Gwfgsf] l;nl;nfdf y'gfdf a;]sf]df lghnfO{ s}bsf]
;hfo geO{ hl/afgf dfq x'g] 7x/]sf] eP lgh y'gfdf a;]sf] cjlwsf] Ps lbgsf]
tLg ;o ?k}ofFsf] b/n] lx;fj u/L x'g cfpg] hDdf /sd To:tf] s;"/bf/n] a'emfpg'
kg]{ hl/afgfsf] /sddf s§f ug'{ kg]{5 .
!^@= hl/afgfsf] ;hfosf] sfof{Gjog M -!_ bkmf !%! adf]lhd v8f ePsf] nut cg';f/
hl/afgf ltg'{ kg]{ AolQmn] hl/afgfsf] /sd tTsfn a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg To:tf] AolQmn] hl/afgf
tTsfn a'emfpg g;sL To; afkt s'g} ;DklQ hdfgt lbPdf cbfntn] Ps jif{leq
To:tf] /sd r'Stf x'g] u/L a9Ldf tLg ls:tfdf hl/afgf a'emfpg] cfb]z lbg
;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg To;/L hl/afgf ePsf]
AolQmn] kl/R5]b–& jf bkmf !#& adf]lhd s'g} w/f}6 jf hdfgt /fv]sf] eP
hl/afgfsf] /sd To:tf] w/f}6 jf hdfgtaf6 c;"n u/L gk'u eP hltsf] ;DaGwdf
dfq ls:tfjGbL ?kdf a'emfpg] cfb]z lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ls:tfjGbLdf hl/afgf /sd a'emfpg] Joj:yf
ePsf]df jf d'2fsf] sf/afxLsf] l;nl;nfdf s}b jf y'gfdf k/L ;hfo e'Qmfg
ul/;s]sf]df jf kl/R5]b–& jf bkmf !#& adf]lhd /flvPsf] w/f}6 jf hdfgtaf6
hl/afgfsf] /sd c;'n x'g] ePdf afx]s s;"/bf/n] hl/afgfsf] /sd clGtd km};nf

112
ePkl5 tTsfn gj'emfPdf cbfntn] hl/afgf afkt s}b ug{ ;DalGwt sf/fuf/sf]
gfpFdf cfb]z k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd cfb]z ePsf]df hl/afgf ga'emfpg] s;"/bf/n]
hl/afgfsf] /sd s]xL a'emfO{ s]xL afFsL /fv]sf]df jf d'2fsf] l;nl;nfdf s}b jf
y'gfdf k/L To;/L s}b jf y'gfdf k/]sf] cjlw hlt ;hfo ldGxf x'g] cj:yf ePdf
;f];d]t s§f u/L hl/afgf ga'emfP afkt x'g] s}bsf] cjlw / hl/afgfsf] s"n /sdsf]
cg'kftdf dfq afFsL hl/afgf afkt s}b ug'{ kg]{5 .
!^#= ;/sf/L lauf]] jf cGo /sd ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ lauf]] e/fpg] u/L k}m;nf ePsf]df
;/sf/L lauf]]nfO{ lghL lauf]]eGbf k|fyldstf lbO{ e/fO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
t/ ;/sf/L lauf]] e/fOlbg] u/L k}m;nf x'g'eGbf klxn] g} lghL lauf]] e/fO{ lbg]
u/L s'g} k}m;nf ePsf] /x]5 eg] ;/sf/L lauf]]nfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg] 5}g .
-@_ k}m;nf adf]lhd e/fpg' kg]{ ;/sf/L lauf]] jf cGo s'g} /sd c;"n
gePdf jf c;'n x'g] cj:yf gePdf To:tf]] lauf]] jf /sd eg'{ kg]{ s;"/bf/sf] ;DklQ
klxn] g} /f]Ssf ePsf] /x]g5 eg] k}m;nf ePkl5 oyf;Dej rf8f] /f]Ssf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] lauf]] jf cGo /sd k}m;nf clGtd ePsf] ldltn]]
tL; lbgleq s;"/bf/n] ga'emfPdf lghsf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd /f]Ssf ePsf] rn
;DklQsf] xsdf To:tf] ;DklQ /x]sf] lgsfo jf ;+:yfaf6 k|fKt u/L / crnsf] xsdf
lnnfd laqmL u/L e/fO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ;DklQ lnnfd laqmL ubf{ klg c;"n gePsf] ;/sf/L
lauf]] afkt To:tf] JolStnfO{ s}b ug'{ kg]{5 .
!^$= ;/sf/L lauf]] afkt s}b ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ cbfntaf6 k}m;nf x'Fbf c;"n pk/ x'g' kg]{
u/L 7x/ ePsf] ;/sf/L lauf]] jf cGo s'g} /sd ;DalGwt AolQmn] a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;/sf/L lauf]] jf To:tf] /sd To:tf] AolQmn]
ga'emfPdf lghsf] ;DklQ hfohft u/L c;"n pk/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] hfohft ubf{ klg ;/sf/L lauf]] jf To:tf] /sd
c;"n pk/ x'g g;s]df To:tf] AolQmnfO{ b]xfosf] ;/sf/L lauf]] jf To:tf] /sd afkt
b]xfosf] cjlw;Dd s}b ;hfo lgwf{/0f ug{' kg]{5 M–
113
-s_ kf“r xhf/ ?k}ofFb]lv bz xhf/ ?k}ofF;Ddsf] ljuf] afkt Ps

dlxgf,
-v_ bz xhf/ ?k}ofFeGbf a9L kRrL; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Ddsf] ljuf]
afkt tLg dlxgf,
-u_ kRrL; xhf/ ?k}ofFeGbf a9L krf; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Ddsf] ljuf]
afkt 5 dlxgf,
-3_ krf; xhf/ ?k}ofFeGbf a9L Ps nfv ?k}ofF;Ddsf] ljuf] afkt
Ps jif{,
-ª_ Ps nfv ?k}ofFeGbf a9L k|To]s krf; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Ddsf] ljuf]
afkt 5 dlxgfsf] b/n] .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ sf] v08 -s_ df plNnlvt /sdeGbf sd /sd afkt s}b
ug'{ kbf{ k|lt lbgsf] tLg ;o ?k}ofF s§L x'g] u/L ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;/sf/L lauf]] afkt
s}b ug'{ kbf{ ;ft jif{eGbf a9L x'g] u/L s}b 7]Sg ;lsg] 5}g .
!^%= lghL lauf]] jf Ifltk"lt{ e/fpg] sfo{ljlw M -!_ cbfntsf] k}m;nf adf]lhd s'g} AolQmn]
ltg'{ kg]{ 7x/]sf] lghL lauf]], kLl8t jf lghsf] xsjfnfn] kfpg] Ifltk"lt{ jf cGo s'g}
/sd To;/L k}m;nf adf]lhd ltg'{ kg]{ AolQmnfO{ k}m;nf ePsf] 5 dlxgfleq a'emfpg'
kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq To:tf] AolQmn] To:tf] lauf]], Ifltk"lt{ jf
/sd ga'emfPdf lghnfO{ bz xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf x'g]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq lauf]], Ifltk"lt{ jf To:tf] /sd a'emfpg'
kg]{ AolQmn] ga'emfPdf To:tf] lauf]] Ifltk"lt{ jf /sd e/L kfpg] AolQmn] clGtd
k}m;nf ePsf] ldltn] tLg jif{leq To:tf] lauf]], Ifltk"lt{ jf /sd eg{' kg]{ AolQmsf]
xssf] ;DklQ b]vfO{ lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd lgj]bg k/]df cbfntn] To:tf] ;DklQ /f]Ssf /
lnnfd laqmL u/L qmdzM lauf], Ifltk"lt{ jf To:tf] /sd e/fO{ lbg' kg]{5 .

114
-%_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lauf]], Ifltk"lt{ jf /sd ltg'{ kg]{ AolQmn] cbfntdf
To:tf] /sd a'emfPdf jf bkmf ^* sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} /sd w/f}6 jf
hdfgt /fv]sf] eP To;af6 Ifltk'lt{, lauf]] jf To:tf] /sd c;"n x'g] ePdf ;f]xL
adf]lhd e/fO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq lauf], Ifltk"lt{ jf cGo /sd e/fO{
kfpg] AolQmn] ;DklQ kQf nufpg g;s]df To:tf] ;DklQ k]mnf k/]sf] avt lghn]
hgfp lbPdf e/fO{ lbg] u/L cbfntn] To:tf] lgj]bg tfd]nLdf /fVg' kg]{5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd lauf]], Ifltk"lt{ jf cGo s'g} /sd c;'n pk/ x'g
g;s]df c;"n pk/ gePsf] afFsL lauf]], Ifltk"lt{ jf cGo /sd e/fO{ kfpg] AolQmn]
s;"/bf/sf] ;DklQ lnnfd laqmL ePsf] ldltn] jf pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd lgj]bg
tfd]nLdf /x]sf] tL; lbgleq lghnfO{ s}b u/fpg lgj]bgkq lbg ;Sg]5 .
-*_ pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg k/]df cbfntn] Ps lbgsf] tLg ;o
?k}ofFsf] b/n] To;/L afFsL x'g cfPsf] lauf]] jf /sdnfO{ s}bdf kl/0ft u/L To:tf]
lauf]] jf /sd eg'{ kg]{ AolQmnfO{ s}b ug'{ kg]{5 .
-(_ pkbkmf -*_ adf]lhd s'g} AolQmnfO{ s}b ubf{ AolQm ljz]ifsf] lauf]]sf]
xsdf b'O{ jif{ / g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/ jf :yfgLo txsf] k"0f{ jf clwsf+z
:jfldTj jf lgoGq0f ePsf] ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfsf] lauf]]sf] xsdf rf/ jif{eGbf a9L s}b
ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
t/ Ifltk""lt{ c;"n pk/ geP afkt s}b u/fpg kbf{ rf/ jif{;Dd s}b ug{
;lsg]5 .
-!)_ pkbkmf -*_ adf]lhd lghL lauf]], Ifltk"lt{ jf cGo /sd afkt s}b ug'{
kbf{ tLg ;o ?k}ofFeGbf sd /sd ePdf jf afFsL /xg uPdf ;f] afkt Ps lbg s}b
ug' kg]{5 .
-!!_ pkbkmf -*_ adf]lhd s}b ubf{ sfg"g adf]lhd nfUg] l;wf vr{ g]kfn
;/sf/n] Joxf]g'{ kg]{5 .
-!@_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg lghL lauf]], Ifltk"lt{
jf cGo /sd ltg'{ kg{] AolQmn] pkbkmf -!_ jf -#_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq cfk\mgf] s'g}
;DklQ n'sfPsf] jf s'g} k|sf/n] ?kfGt/0f u/]sf] 7x/]df k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f
115
n]lvPsf] eP tfklg To:tf] ;DklQ kQf nufPdf To:tf] ;DklQ hkmt x'g]5 / o;/L
hkmt ePsf] ;DklQsf] kRrL; k|ltzt /sd kQf nufpg]nfO{ lbO{ afFsL /x]sf]
/sdaf6 ltg'{ kg]{ lauf], Ifltk"lt{ jf cGo /sd e'QmfgL u/L afFsL /x]df To;/L afFsL
/x]sf] /sd ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
!^^= k}m;nf adf]lhdsf] /sd w/f}6af6 c;"n ug]{ M -!_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f
n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} s;"/bf/n] o; ;+lxtf adf]lhd s'g} /sd w/f}6 /fv]sf] eP
To:tf] w/f}6af6 k'u];Dd k}m;nf adf]lhd lghn] a'emfpg' kg]{ hl/afgf, lauf]], Ifltk"lt{
jf cGo /sd c;"n ug{ / e/fO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd e/fpFbf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] k|fyldstfqmdsf] cfwf/df
e/fO{ lbg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ hl/afgf,

-v_ ;/sf/L lauf]],
-u_ Ifltk"lt{,

-u!_ lauf],
-3_ cGo s'g} /sd eP To:tf] /sd .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] /sdaf6 hl/afgf, lauf]] Ifltk"lt{ jf cGo /sd
c;'n gePdf jf e/fO{ lbg g;lsPdf To;/L gk'u eP hltsf] nflu dfq o;
kl/R5]b adf]lhd sf/afxL u/L c;'n pk/ ug'{ jf e/fO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} s;"/bf/n]
k}m;nf adf]lhd a'emfpg' kg]{ hl/afgf, lauf]], Ifltk"lt{ jf cGo s'g} /sd lghn]
tTsfn a'emfPsf]df jf pkbkmf -!_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd c;'n x'g] ePdf afx]s of]
;+lxtf adf]lhd lghn] jf lghsf] tkm{af6 c? s;}n] s'g} ;DklQ hdfgt lbPsf] /x]5
eg] ;f]xL ;DklQ lnnfd laqmL u/L e/fO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-%_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} s;"/bf/sf] xsdf
s'g} AolQmn] cfk\mgf] ;DklQ w/f}6 jf hdfgt lbPsf] /x]5 eg] cbfntn] To:tf]
AolQmsf] ;DklQ lnnfd laqmL ug'c
{ l3 lghnfO{ k}m;nf adf]lhd s;"/bf/n] a'emfpg'
kg]{ hl/afgf, lauf], Ifltk"lt{ jf cGo /sd a'emfpg k}FtfnL; lbgsf] ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5


116
/ To:tf] ;doleq lghn] To:tf] /sd a'emfPdf lghn] w/f}6 jf hdfgt lbPsf]
xb;Ddsf] ;DklQ k'ms'jf ul/lbg' kg]{5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf]] ;DklQaf6 e/fpg gk'u ePsf] afFsL /sdsf]
xsdf s;"/bf/sf] c? ;DklQ lnnfd laqmL u/L e/fO{ lbg' kg{]5 / To;/L e/fpFbf
pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] k|fyldstf lbO{ e/fO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd lnnfd ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu s;"/bf/sf] c+z 5'l§Psf]
/x]g5 eg] lghsf] xsdf sfg"g adf]lhd c+z efu 5'6\ofO{ lnnfd ug'{ kg]{5 .
!^&= ;DklQ /f]Ssf, sAhf jf lgoGq0f /fVg] sfo{ljlw M -!_ o; ;+lxtf adf]lhd s'g}

cleo'Qm, k|ltjfbL jf s;"/bf/sf] ;DklQ /f]Ssf /fVbf, sAhf jf lgoGq0fdf lnFbf
;DalGwt cbfntn] b]xfo adf]lhd ug'{ kg]5
{ M–
-s_ btf{ jf 5'§} cg'dlt k|fKt ePsf] ;DklQ eP btf{ gfd;f/L ug]{
jf nfO;]G; lbg] jf gjLs/0f ug]{ sfof{nonfO{ /f]Ssfsf] hgfpF
lbg],
-v_ gub ;DklQ eP To:tf] gub /fVg] ;+:yfnfO{ /f]Ssfsf] hgfp
lbg],
-u_ afnL jf axfn cfpg] ;DklQ eP ;DalGwt :yfgLo txnfO{
To:tf] afnL jf axfn c;"n u/L w/f}6L vftfdf hDdf ug{
cfb]z lbg],
-3_ rfF8} gfl;g] jf lau|g] ;DklQ jf rf}kfof eP To:tf] ;DklQ
lnnfd laqmL u/L To;af6 k|fKt /sd w/f}6L vftfdf hDdf ug{
nufpg] .
-@_ o; ;+lxtf adf]lhd s'g} JolStsf] ;DklQ /f]Ssf /fVbf lghn] c? s;}nfO{
s'g} C0f lbPsf] jf nufgL u/]sf] eP To:tf] C0f jf nufgLsf] ;fFjf, Jofh jf cGo
s'g} k|ltkmn ;d]t lghn] c;"n pk/ ug{ gkfpg] u/L C0fLnfO{ cbfntn] cfb]z lbg'
kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] C0f jf nufgLsf] ;fjfF, Jofh, k|ltkmn / cGo
o:t} /sd C0fLnfO{ g} cbfntdf bflvn ug{ nufpg]5 .

117
-$_ o; bkmf adf]lhd /f]Ssf ePsf] ;DklQ pk/ c? s;}sf] xs eP To:tf]

AolQmn] cfk\mgf] xs b]vfO{ To;/L /f]Ssf ePsf] yfxf kfPsf] k}FtL; lbgleq /f]Ssf ug]{
cbfntdf lgj]bg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd ph'/ k/]df To:tf] cbfntnfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd
;DklQsf] xs a]xssf] lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/ eP ;f]xL cbfntn] tt\;DaGwL lg0f{o ug{ /
To:tf] clwsf/ geP clwsf/ k|fKt cbfntdf To:tf] ph'/L k7fO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd cbfntn] s'g} lg0f{o u/]sf]df To:tf] lg0f{odf lrQ
ga'emg] AolQmn] sfg"g adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!^*= ljuf], Ifltk"lt{ jf cGo /sd e/fO{ lbg tfl/v tf]Sg' kg]{ M -!_ k}m;nf adf]lhd lauf]],
Ifltk"lt{ jf cGo s'g} /sd e/fO{ lbg' kg]{ ;DaGwdf tfl/v tf]Sbf s'g k|of]hgsf] nflu
slxn]sf] tfl/v tf]lsPsf] xf] To;sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ tf]Sg' kg]{5 .
t/ ;/sf/L lauf] jf Ifltk"lt{sf] xsdf ;/sf/L kIf tfl/vdf a:g' kg]{ 5}g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] tfl/vdf e/fO{ kfpg] AolQm cg'kl:yt
ePdf e/fO{ lbg] ;DaGwL sf/afxL To; lbg :ylut x'g]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] tfl/vdf cfkm" pkl:yt x'g g;s]sf] s'g}
dgfl;a sf/0f b]vfO{ lauf], Ifltk"lt{ jf cGo s'g} /sd e/fO{ kfpg] AolQmn] Ps
k6ssf] nflu kGw| lbgleq cbfntdf lgj]bg lbPdf To:tf] AolQmnfO{ km};nf adf]lhd
e/fO{ lbg' kg]{ lauf], Ifltk"lt{ jf cGo /sd e/fO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] tfl/vdf pkl:yt gePsf] lauf], Ifltk"lt{
jf cGo s'g} /sd e/fO{ kfpg] AolQmn] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq lgj]bg
glbPdf To:tf] lauf], Ifltk"lt{ jf cGo s'g} /sd e/fO{ lbg] ;DaGwL sfo{ Ps
jif{;Ddsf] nflu tfd]nLdf /flvg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq ;DalGwt AolQm pkl:yt ePdf km};nf
adf]lhd e/fO{ lbg' kg]{ lauf], Ifltk"lt{ jf cGo /sd e/fO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq ;DalGwt AolQm pkl:yt gePdf
To;kl5 To:tf] lauf], Ifltk"lt{ jf cGo s'g} /sd e/fO{ lbg] ;DaGwdf s'g} sf/afxL
ul/g] 5}g .


118
kl/R5]b –!^
ljljw

!^*s= ph'/ ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ cbfntsf sd{rf/Ln] d'2fdf u/]sf] sfd sf/afxL pk/ lrQ
ga'‰g] ;/f]sf/jfnf JolQmn] kG„ lbgleq ;f]xL cbfntsf GofofwLz ;dIf ph'/ ug{
;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k/]sf] ph'/Ldf ePsf] lg0f{odf lrQ ga'‰g] JolQmn]
To:tf] lg0f{o ePsf] kG„ lbgleq k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k/]sf] ph'/L Ps dlxgfleq / pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd
k/]sf] lgj]bg b'O{ dlxgfleq 6'Ëf] nufpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ km};nf sfof{Gjogsf] pkl:yltsf] nflu lbOPsf] ;"rgf k|fKt u/L
tfl/vdf cg'kl:yt /xg] kIfn] o; bkmf adf]lhdsf] ph'/L jf lgj]bg lbg kfpg]
5}g .

!^(= ;DalGwt lhNnf cbfntnfO{ clwsf/ If]q x'g] M -!_ ck/fw ;+lxtfdf plNnlvt d'2fdf
lhNnf cbfntn] z'? sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO / lsgf/f ug]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ck/fw ;+lxtfdf d'2f x]g]{
clwsf/L ;DaGwdf 5'§} Joj:yf ePsf] jf ;f] ;+lxtfdf plNnlvt d'2fdWo] g]kfn
;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L 5'§} d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L tf]lslbPsf]df
To:tf clwsf/Laf6 To:tf d'2fsf] z'? sf/afxL, sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO / lsgf/f ug{ afwf
kg]{ 5}g .
-#_ sfg"g adf]lhd s'g} cbfnt, lgsfo jf clwsf/LnfO{ d'2fdf sf/afxL,
;'g'jfO / lsgf/f ug]{ clwsf/ ePsf] t/ To:tf] cbfnt jf lgsfo u7g gePsf] jf
clwsf/L gtf]lsPsf] cj:yfdf To:tf] cbfnt jf lgsfo u7g geP;Dd jf clwsf/L
gtf]lsP;Dd To:tf] d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO / lsgf/f ug]{ clwsf/ ;d]t ;DalGwt
lhNnf cbfntnfO{ x'g]5 .

!^(s=xbDofb M k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd xbDofb tf]lsPsf]df ;f]xL adf]lhd / xbDofb
gtf]lsPsf]df hlxn];'s} d'2f ug{ ;lsg]5 .


119

!&)= ===============
!&!= lnvtx?sf] kl~hsf M k|To]s d'2fdf cg';"rL–%) adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf kl~hsf v8f
u/L btf{ ldltsf] qmdn] lnvtx?sf] qmd;ª\of / ljj/0f hgfO{ kl~hsf v8f u/L
/fVg' kg]{5 .
!&@= lnvt w'Nofpg' kg]{ M cbfntn] d'2fsf] clGtd lg0f{o ePsf] kfFr jif{kl5 ;f] d'2fsf]
ldl;ndf /x]sf b]xfosf lnvtx? afx]s c? lnvtx? w'Nofpg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ ph'/L, cleof]ukq jf lkm/fbkq,

-s!_ kIfsf] gfddf hf/L ePsf] kqmfp k"hL{ jf ;dfx\jfg,
-v_ cleo'Qmsf] aofg jf k|ltpQ/kq,
-u_ k|ltpQ/kq ;/xsf] aofg,
-3_ k|df0fsf ;Ssn lnvtx?,
-ª_ k'g/fj]bg k/]sf] eP k'g/fj]bgkq,
-r_ d'2f bf]xf]¥ofpg] jf k'g/fjnf]sgsf] nflu lbOPsf] lgj]bgkq,
-5_ cbfntaf6 ePsf] k}m;nf jf clGtd lg0f{o,
-h_ gS;f, tfobftL kmf/fd, ;DklQ ljj/0f,
-em_ sfg"g adf]lhd ;+/If0f ug{ cfjZos b]lvPsf cGo s'g} lnvt
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æclGtd lg0f{o ePsf]Æ eGgfn] k'g/fj]bg
k/]sf] k}m;nfsf] ;DaGwdf k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntaf6 ePsf] lg0f{o / ;fws k]z
ePsf] k}m;nfsf] ;DaGwdf ;fwssf] lgsf;f ug{ clwsf/ k|fKt cbfntaf6 ePsf]
lg0f{o ;Demg' k5{ .
!&#= lnvt cg'jfb ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ g]kfnL efiff afx]s cGo s'g} efiffdf n]lvPsf] s'g} lnvt
cbfntdf k|df0fsf] ?kdf k]z ePdf / To:tf] lnvt g]kfnL efiffdf cg'jfb ug'{ kg]{
b]lvPdf cbfntn] To:tf] lnvt k]z ug]{ kIfnfO{ To:tf] lnvtsf] g]kfnL efiffdf
cflwsfl/s cg'jfb u/L k]z ug]{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cbfntaf6 cfb]z ePsf ;DalGwt kIfn] ;f] lnvt
g]kfnL efiffdf cg'jfb u/fO{ To;sf] k|dfl0ft k|lt cbfntdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .


120
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] cg'jfbsf ;DaGwdf s'g} ljjfb pTkGg ePdf
cbfntn] To:tf] ljifosf] ljz]if1nfO{ lemsfO{ a'e\mg ;Sg]5 .
!&$= cg'jfbssf] ;xof]u lng ;Sg] M -!_ g]kfnL efiff ga'e\mg] jf af]Ng g;Sg] s'g}
cleo'Qm jf ;fIfLsf] aofg jf askq lng' k/]df jf cGo s'g} k|of]hgsf] nflu
cfjZos ePdf cg';Gwfg clwsf/L, cleof]hgstf{ jf cbfntn] ;DalGwt efiff jf
;fÍ]lts efiffsf] cg'jfbssf] ;xof]u lng ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cg'jfbssf] ;xof]u lnbf nfUg] vr{ g]kfn ;/sf/n]
Joxf]g]{5 .
!&%= gSsn lbg' kg]{ M -!_ d'2fsf] ;/f]sf/jfnf kIf jf lghsf]] sfg"g Joj;foLn] s'g}
d'2fsf] ldl;ndf /x]sf] s'g} lnvtsf] gSsn sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhdsf] b:t'/
lt/L lng ;Sg]5 .
t/ k}m;nfsf] gSsn h'g;'s} sfg"g Joj;foLn] lng kfpg] 5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg sfg"g adf]lhd uf]Ko
/fVg' kg]{ lnvtsf] gSsn lbOg] 5}g .
!&^= :jfy{ aflemg] d'2f x]g{ gx'g] M -!_ GofofwLzn] b]xfosf d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f
ug{ xF'b}g M–
-s_ cfkm\gf] jf cfkm\gf] glhssf] gft]bf/sf] xs lxt jf ;/f]sf/ ePsf]
d'2f,
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æglhssf] gft]bf/Æ
eGgfn] ck'tfnL k/] vfg kfpg] gftfsf] AolQm jf dfdf, dfOHo",
;fgL cfdf, 7'nL cfdf, ;fg' afa', 7'nf afa', ;f;", ;;'/f, k'mk",
k'mkfh', h]7fg, ;fnf, h]7L ;f;", ;fnL, lbbL, alxgL, legfh',
alxgL HjfO, 5f]/L HjfO, ef~hf, ef~hL, ef~hL HjfO, ef~hL
a'xf/L, cfdfsf afa', cfdfsL cfdf jf To:tf] gftf kg]{ AolQmsf]
kl/jf/sf] ;b:o ;Demg' k5{ .
-v_ s'g} avt cfkm" jfl/;, sfg"g Joj;foL jf ;fIfL ePsf] d'2f,
-u_ cfkm"n] GofofwLzsf] x}l;otdf s'g} cbfntdf lg0f{o u/]sf] jf
clGtd cfb]z u/]sf] d'2f,
121
-3_ s'g} avt cfkm"n] d'2f rNg] jf grNg] ljifodf /fo lbPsf] d'2f,
-ª_ cGo s'g} sf/0fn] cfwf/e"t ?kdf cfkm\gf] / cfkm\gf]
Psf ;uf]nsf kl/jf/sf ;b:osf] :jfy{ ufFl;Psf] d'2f .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] s'g} cj:yf b]lvPsf]df GofofwLzn] d'2f x]g{ gx'g]
sf/0f v'nfO{ cfb]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|lts"n x'g] u/L s'g} GofofwLzn] s'g} d'2fsf]
sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ jf lsgf/f ug{ nfu]df d'2fsf] s'g} kIfn] cfjZos k|df0f ;lxt
sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ jf lsgf/f gug{ lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd lgj]bg kg{ cfPdf GofofwLzn] d'2fsf] sf/afxL,
;'g'jfO{ jf lsgf/f ug'{cl3 To:tf] lgj]bg bfjL dgfl;a ePsf] jf gePsf] ;DaGwdf
lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd lg0f{o ubf{ lgj]bg bfjL dgfl;a b]lvPsf]df jf
pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd GofofwLz cfk}mn] d'2fsf] sf/afxL, ;'g'jfO{ jf lsgf/f ug{ gx'g]
cfb]z u/]sf]df To:tf] d'2f ;f]xL cbfntdf csf]{ GofofwLz eP lgh ;dIf / To:tf]
GofofwLz gePdf bkmf (^ sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd d'2f :yfgfGt/0fsf]
nflu ;DalGwt k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfnt ;dIf n]vL k7fpg' kg]{5 .
!&&= GofofwLz cfk}+mn] ug'{ kg]{ sfdx? M -!_ o; ;+lxtf adf]lhd cbfntn] ug]{ sfdx?dWo]
b]xfosf sfdx? GofofwLz cfk}mFn] ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ cleo'Qm jf ;fIfLsf] aofg lng] jf jskq u/fpg],
-v_ ;fIfLnfO{ zky u/fpg],
-u_ k'k{Ifsf nflu y'gfdf /fVg] jf w/f}6 jf hdfgtdf /fVg cfb]z
lbg],
-3_ d'2fdf lg0f{o lbg' kg]{ s'/fx?sf] cfb]z krf{ v8f ug]{,
-ª_ k|df0f a'e\mg] ;DaGwL cfb]z lbg],
-r_ cGtl/d jf cGt/sfnLg cfb]z lbg],
-5_ d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO{ ug]{,
-h_ d'2fsf] k|f/lDes / k"j{ ;'g'jfO{ 5nkmn u/fpg],
-em_ cfjZos cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] cfb]z ug]{, /
122
-`_ k}m;nf ug]{, jf clGtd cfb]z lbg] .

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf s'/fx? b]xfo
adf]lhd ug{ ;lsg]5 M–
-s_ ;fIfLsf] jskq GofofwLzsf] lgb]{zgdf cbfntsf] sDtLdf
/fhkq cglÍt k|yd >]0fL;Ddsf] sd{rf/Ln] clen]v ug{],
-v_ GofofwLzsf] cg'kl:yltdf cbfntdf pkl:yt ePsf dWo]
;a}eGbf jl/i6td sd{rf/Ln] cleo'Qmsf] aofg u/fpg] jf
lghnfO{ y'gfdf /fVg] jf lgh;Fu w/f}6 jf hdfgt lng]
;DaGwdf kl/R5]b–& adf]lhd cfb]z lbg] .
t/ o; v08 adf]lhd ePsf] cfb]z GofofwLz
cbfntdf xflh/ x'gf;fy lgh ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 / lghn]
To:tf] cfb]z hfFrL ;b/, ab/ jf ;+zf]wg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ df n]lvPb]lv afx]s c? sfdx? GofofwLzsf] lgb]{zg
jf cfb]z adf]lhd lgh dftxtsf] sd{rf/Ln] ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!&*= y'g'jf jf s}bLnfO{ l/xfO{ ubf{ ckgfpg' kg]{ sfo{ljlw M -!_ cbfntsf] k}m;nf jf cfb]z
adf]lhd s'g} y'g'jf jf s}bLnfO{ l/xfO{ ug'{kg]{ ePdf lghnfO{ l/xfO{ ug'{ kg]{ sf/0f,
s}bL jf y'g'jfsf] k'/f gfd / 7]ufgf tyf d'2fsf] ljj/0f vf]nL ;DalGwt sf/fuf/nfO{
To;sf] cfb]z k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] cfb]z k|fKt ePkl5 ;DalGwt sf/fuf/n] To:tf]
cfb]z adf]lhd y'g'jf jf s}bLnfO{ t'?Gt l/xfO{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg km};nf jf cfb]z
adf]lhd l/xf ug'{ kg]{ y'g'jf jf s}bL cbfntdf pkl:yt /x]sf]df k}m;nf ePkl5
tTsfn lghnfO{ l/xfO{ u/L To;sf] ;"rgf ;DalGwt sf/fuf/nfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
!&(= /f]Ssf /x]sf] ;DklQ k'ms'jf ubf{ ;"rgf lbg] M o; ;+lxtf adf]lhd /f]Ssf /x]sf] ;DklQ
cbfntsf] k}m;nf jf cfb]z adf]lhd k'ms'jf ug'{ kbf{ cbfntn] /f]Ssf /fVg] ;DalGwt
sfof{no / JolStnfO{ To;sf] ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 .

123
!*)= ;/sf/L jlsnn] ax; k}/aL tyf k'g/fj]bg ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ cg';"rL–! / cg';"rL–@
cGtu{tsf s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2fdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 ;/sf/L jlsnn] ax; k}/aL
tyf k|lt/Iff ug]{5 .
-@_ cg';"rL–# df plNnlvt s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2fdf ;DalGwt clwsf/Laf6
d'2fsf] bfo/L jf k'g/fj]bg x'g]5 / k|lt/Iffsf] nflu ;DalGwt ;/sf/L jlsnnfO{ n]vL
k7fPdf ;/sf/L jlsnn] k|lt/Iff ul/lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ ;/sf/L jlsnn] d'2fx?df ax; k}/aL ubf{ Jofj;flos cfr/0f ;DaGwL
k|rlnt dfGotf cg';f/ ax; k}/aL ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] d'2fdf cbfntaf6 7x/ ePsf] k}m;nf jf cfb]z
pk/ lrQ ga'e]mdf k'g/fj]bg ug]{, k'g/fjnf]sg u/fpg], d'2f bf]xf]¥ofpg] lgj]bg ug]{
clwsf/ k|rlnt sfg"gdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s ;/sf/L jlsnnfO{ x'g]5 .
-%_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL
x'g] s'g} vf; d'2fdf ;/sf/L jlsnsf cltl/Qm cGo s'g} sfg"g Jofj;foLaf6 ;d]t
ax; k}/aL u/fpg' kg]{ ePdf To;sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ ;DalGwt lgsfon]
dxfGofoflwjQmf jf lghn] clVtof/L lbPsf] ;/sf/L jlsnsf]] cg'dlt lng' kg]{5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd cg'dlt k|fKt ePkl5 To:tf] lgsfon] cGo sfg"g
Joj;foL d's// ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd d's// ePsf] sfg"g Joj;foLn] dxfGofoflwjQmf jf
lghn] clVtof/L lbPsf] ;/sf/L jlsnsf] ;fdfGo lgb]{zgdf /xL ax; k}/aL ug'{
kg]{5 .
!*!= ;/sf/L jlsnn] ph'/ ug{ ;Sg] M s'g} Goflos jf cw{ Goflos lgsfoaf6 ePsf]
lg0f{o jf cfb]zjf6 g]kfn ;/sf/sf] xs, lxt jf ;/f]sf/df c;/ kg]{ /x]5 / To:tf]
cfb]z jf lg0f{o lj?4 d'2f bfo/ ug{, k'g/fj]bg ug{, k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ jf cGo s'g}
lsl;dn] ph'/L jf lgj]bg ug{ sfg"gn] s'g} clwsf/L tf]s]sf] /x]g5 eg] To:tf]
ljifodf dxfGofoflwjQmf cfk}mn] jf lghn] tf]s]sf] ;/sf/L jlsnn] To:tf] lg0f{o jf
cfb]z lj?4 sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL ;DalGwt lgsfodf ph'/ ug{, k'g/fj]bg ug{,
k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ jf cGo s'g} lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
124
!*@= cbfntdf btf{ u/fpg NofPsf] lnvt btf{ ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ cbfntdf btf{ u/fpg
NofPsf] lnvt sfg"g adf]lhd /Lt k'u]sf] /x]5 eg] t'?Gt btf{ u/L e/kfO{ lbg'
kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd btf{ u/fpg NofPsf] lnvt sfg"g adf]lhd /Lt
gk'u]sf] eP /Lt gk'u]sf] s'/f vf]nL b/kL7 u/L lkmtf{ u/L lbg' kg]{5 .

-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lnvt b/kL7 ePsf]df tLg lbgeGbf a9L xbDofb
jf Dofb afFsL /x]5 eg] afFsL /x]sf] xbDofb jf Dofbleq / tLg lbgeGbf sd
xbDofb jf Dofb afFsL /x]5 eg] b/kL7 ePsf] ldltn] ;ft lbgleq /Lt k'{ofO{ jf
;RofO{ btf{ ug{ NofPdf ;DalGwt clws[tn] To:tf] lnvt btf{ ug]{ cfb]z lbg' kg]{5 .
!*#= kLl8t jf ;fIfLsf] kl/ro uf]Ko /fVg ;lsg] M -!_ o; ;+lxtfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f
n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} vf; s;"/af6 kLl8t AolQm jf ;fIfLsf] kl/ro ;fj{hlgs
ubf{ To:tf] AolQm jf ;fIfLsf] ;fdflhs k|lti7f jf OHht pk/ k|lts"n k|efj kg{
;Sg] jf lgh pk/ cleo'Qm jf cGo s'g} kIfaf6 cg'lrt 8/, qf; jf eo x'g ;Sg]
jf lghsf] hLp, Hofgsf] ;'/Iffdf k|lts"n c;/ kg{ ;Sg] b]lvPdf To:tf] AolQm jf
;fIfLsf] gfd, y/, jtg jf lghsf] afa'sf] gfd jf lghsf] kl/ro x'g ;Sg] cGo s'g}
x'lnof uf]Ko /fVg cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] ;/sf/L jlsn dfkm{t cbfntnfO{ cg'/f]w ug{
;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cg'/f]w ePsf]df cbfntn] To:tf] kLl8t AolQm jf
;fIfLsf] gfd, y/, jtg, lghsf] afa'sf] gfd jf lghsf] kl/ro uf]Ko /fVg] u/L cfb]z
lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd uf]Ko /flvPsf] AolQmsf] gfd, y/, jtg jf afa'sf]
gfd ;DalGwt d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO{sf avt jf ;f] ;DaGwL ljj/0f k|sfzg ubf{sf avt
cbfntsf] cfb]z adf]lhd sfNklgs gfd, y/, jtg jf afa'sf] sfNklgs gfd /fvL
k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
!*$= cg';Gwfg clwsf/L ;dIf ePsf] aofg, sfuh jf lnvtnfO{ >Jo b[Zosf ;fwgdf
clen]v ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ o; ;+lxtfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
b]xfosf] cj:yfdf cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] s;"/af6 kLl8t AolQm, hfx]/jfnf jf ;fIfLsf]

125
aofg, sfuh jf s'g} lnvt ;/sf/L jlsnsf] /f]xj/df >Jo b[iosf ;fwg dfk{mt
clen]v ug{ jf u/fpg ;Sg]5 M
-s_ s;"/af6 kLl8t AolQm, hfx]/jfnf jf s'g} ;fIfLnfO{ cleo'Qmn]
cg'lrt k|efjdf kf/L jf lgh pk/ 8/, qf;, wDsL b]vfO{
lghnfO{ cbfntdf pkl:yt x'g glbg] jf cbfntdf pkl:yt
ePklg cg';Gwfg clwsf/L ;dIf u/]sf] aofg jf sfuheGbf
k|lts"n x'g] u/L aofg jf askq u/fpg afWo u/fpg]5 eGg]
ljZjf; ug'{ kg]{ dgfl;a sf/0f ePdf,
-v_ zf/Ll/s czQmtf jf gfafns ePsf] sf/0fn] To:tf] AolQm,
hfx]/jfnf jf ;fIfL k|x/L sfof{no jf ;/sf/L jlsnsf]
sfof{nodf pkl:yt x'g g;Sg] ePdf,
-u_ k|df0fsf] ?kdf cbfntdf k]z ul/g] j:t' ;f] j:t' /x]sf]
7fpFaf6 p7fP/ cbfntdf Nofpg g;lsg] ePdf .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd clen]v ul/Psf] >Jo b[Zosf ;fwgnfO{ cbfntn]
k|df0fsf] ?kdf :jLsf/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!*%= dflyNnf] txsf] sd{rf/Ln] sfd sf/afxL ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ o; ;+lxtf adf]lhd s'g}
;/sf/L jlsn, k|x/L sd{rf/L jf cGo s'g} clwsf/Ln] ug'{ kg]{ jf ug{ ;Sg] s'g} sfd
jf st{Jo dxfGofoflwjQmfn] tf]s] adf]lhdsf] dflyNnf] jf ;dfg txsf] ;/sf/L
jlsnn] jf k|x/L dxflg/LIfsn] tf]s] adf]lhdsf] dflyNnf] jf ;dfg txsf] k|x/L
sd{rf/Ln] jf ;DalGwt sfof{nosf] dflyNnf] jf ;dfg txsf] cGo s'g} clws[tn] klg
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ul/Psf] sfd sf/afxL clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Laf6
eP u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
!*^= e/kfO{ lng' jf lbg' kg]{ M -!_ cbfntdf btf{ ePsf] s'g} lnvt s'g} JolStnfO{ lkmtf{
lbFbf jf cbfntaf6 s'g} lnvt s'g} AolQmnfO{ a'emfpFbf To:tf] lnvt lkmtf{ lnPsf] jf
a'emfPsf] Joxf]/fsf] e/kfO{ jf lg:;f lnO{ ldl;n ;fd]n /fVg' kg]{5 .
-@_ cbfntdf s'g} AolQmn] k]z u/]sf] s'g} lnvt cbfntn] a'emL lnFbf ;f]
JolStnfO{ To;sf] e/kfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
126
!*&= /f]xj/df a:g tyf ;xL5fk ug{ ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ o; ;+lxtf adf]lhd s'g} sfd
sf/afxLsf] l;nl;nfdf /f]xj/df a:g' kg]{ AolQmn] /f]xj/df a;L tyf cbfntaf6
tof/ ul/Psf] lnvtdf ;xL5fk ug'{ kg]{ AolQmn] ;xL5fk u/L cbfntnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{
kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd /f]xj/df a:g jf s'g} lnvtdf ;xL5fk ug{ s'g}
AolQmn] OGsf/ u/]df To:tf] sfd jf lnvt u/fpg] sd{rf/Ln] To:tf] Joxf]/f pNn]v
u/L ;DalGwt lnvtdf /f]xj/df gj;]sf] jf ;xL5fk gu/]sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ s}lkmot
hgfO{ pkl:yt ePsf cGo b'O{ AolQmsf] ;xL5fk u/fO{ cfk"mn] klg To;df ;xL5fk
u/L lnvt tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd tof/ ul/Psf] lnvtnfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd /Lt k'u]sf]
dflgg]5 .
-$_ cbfntdf ePsf] s'g} lnvtdf ;xL5fk ug'{ kg]{ s'g} AolQmn] ;xL5fk ug{
OGsf/ u/]df GofofwLzn] ;f]xL Joxf]/f pNn]v u/L ;DalGwt lnvtdf s}lkmot hgfO{
cfk\mgf] ;xL5fk u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
-%_ o; bkmf adf]lhd /f]xj/df ga;L jf ;xL5fk gu/L cbfntsf] sfddf
c;xof]u ug]{ AolQmnfO{ cbfntn] kfFr xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-^_ o; ;+lxtf adf]lhd s'g} AolQmn] s'g} lnvtdf ;xL5fk ubf{ To:tf]
lnvtdf pNn]v ePsf] s'g} Joxf]/fdf cfk\mgf] ;xdlt gePdf cfk\mgf] Joxf]/f 5'§} n]lv
;xL5fk ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!**= sf/afxL gul/g] M -!_ o; ;+lxtf adf]lhd ;/sf/L jlsnn] s'g} d'2fsf] ;Gbe{df
c;n lgotn] u/]sf] lg0f{o, cleof]hg, ax; k}/aL Pj+ k|lt/Iff ;DaGwdf k|Zg p7fOg]
/ s'g} cbfntdf d'2f rnfOg] 5}g .
-@_ cg';"rL–! / cg';"rL–@ cGtu{tsf s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2fsf] cg';Gwfgsf]
;DaGwdf cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] c;n lgotn] u/]sf] sfd sf/afxL pk/ s'g} sf/afxL
x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
!*(= cg';Gwfg ;ldltsf] Joj:yf M o; ;+lxtfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
ck/fw ;+lxtfsf] bkmf (( adf]lhdsf] ablgotk"j{s cg';Gwfg jf cleof]hg u/]sf]
s;"/sf] ;DaGwdf k/]sf] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;ldltn] ug]{5 M–
127
-s_ dxfGofoflwjQmfn] tf]s]sf] sDtLdf /fhkqflÍt

k|yd >]0fLsf] ;xGofoflwjQmf – cWoIf
-v_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
sDtLdf /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fLsf] clws[t – ;b:o
-u_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] g]kfn k|x/Lsf] sDtLdf
/fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fLsf]] clws[t – ;b:o
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltn] cg';GWffg ubf{ To;/L ablgotk"j{s
cg';Gwfg jf cleof]hg u/]sf] b]lvPdf To; ;DaGwdf d'2f rnfpg ;DalGwt
;/sf/L jlsnsf] sfof{nonfO{ n]vL k7fpg]5 .

-#_ o; ;+lxtfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ck/fw ;+lxtfsf]
bkmf @#!, @#@, @## / @#* adf]lhdsf] s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;ldltn]
ug]{5 M
-s_ g]kfn d]l8sn sfplG;nn] tf]s]sf] ;DalGwt
lj1 lrlsT;s – ;+of]hs
-v_ :jf:Yo ;DaGwL ljifo x]g]{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] dGqfnon]
tf]s]sf] g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] ;DalGwt If]qdf lj1tf
xfl;n u/]sf] sDtLdf P3f/f}F txsf] clws[t – ;b:o
-u_ dxfGofoflwjQmfn] tf]s]sf] ;xGofoflwjQmf – ;b:o
-3_ u[x dGqfnon] tf]s]sf] g]kfn k|x/Lsf]
sDtLdf /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fLsf] clws[t – ;b:o
-ª_ pkef]Qmf xslxtsf] If]qdf lqmofzLn JolQmdWo]af6
:jf:Yo ;DaGwL ljifo x]g]{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
dGqfnon] tf]s]sf] Pshgf – ;b:o

-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltn] cg';Gwfg ubf{ ;DalGwt JolQmn] s;"/
u/]sf] k|df0f e]l6Pdf lgh lj?4 d'2f rnfpg ;DalGwt ;/sf/L jsLnsf] sfof{nonfO{
n]vL k7fpg]5 .

128
!()= d'2f ;sf/ ug{ cg'dlt lbg ;Sg] M s}b jf hl/afgfsf] ;hfo x'g] afx]s lauf]] e/fpg'
kg]{ jf s'g} lsl;dsf] rn crn e/fpg' kg]{ cg';"rL–$ cGtu{tsf] s;"/ ;DaGwL
d'2fdf ph'/jfnf d/]df, lghsf] xf]; 7]ufgdf g/x]df jf lgh j]kQf eO{ cbfntaf6
tf]lsPsf] Dofb tfl/v u'h|]df ph'/jfnf d/]sf], lghsf] xf]; 7]ufgdf g/x]sf] jf lgh
j]kQf ePsf] ldltn] af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s k}FtL; lbgleq d'2f ;sf/ u/L Dofb tfl/v
ydfpg k|df0f sfuh ;lxt lghsf] xsbf/n] lgj]bg lbPdf cbfntn] Joxf]/f dgfl;a
ePsf] b]v]df d'2f ;sf/ u/L u'lh|Psf] Dofb tfl/v yfldlbg cg'dlt lbg ;Sg]5 .
!(!= kf/:kl/s sfg"gL ;xfotf cfbfg k|bfg ug{ ;lsg] M o; ;+lxtf adf]lhd sf/afxL,
;'g'jfO / lsgf/f x'g] s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2fsf] s'g} cleo'Qm ljb]zdf /x]sf]df lghsf
gfpFdf ;dfXjfg jf kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L ug'{ kg]{ jf s'g} k|df0f a'em\g' kg]{ ePdf jf
ljb]zL cbfntdf ljrf/wLg d'2fsf] s'g} cleo'Qm g]kfndf /x]sf]df lghsf] gfpFdf
;dfXjfg jf kqmfp k"hL{ tfd]n ug]{ jf k|df0f a'em\g ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{ ePdf kf/:kl/s
sfg"gL ;xfotf ;DaGwL sfg"g adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 .
!(@= ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 lnvt cfbfg k|bfg ug{ ;lsg] M o; ;+lxtf adf]lhdsf lnvt
ljB'tLo sf/f]af/ ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 cfbfg k|bfg
ug{ ;lsg]5 .
!(#= d'b|0f jf ul0ftLo q'6Ln] c;/ gug]{ M o; ;+lxtf cGtu{t d'2fsf] txlssft,
cleof]hg tyf cGo sfd sf/afxL ubf{ o; ;+lxtf adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlwsf ;DaGwdf
n]vfO, 5kfO jf d'b|0fdf ePsf] ul0ftLo jf cGo s'g} ;fgfltgf q'6L jf 5'6 ePsf]df
;f]xL sf/0fn] dfq To;;Fu ;DalGwt ;Dk"0f{ sfd, sf/afxL u}/ sfg"gL ePsf] dflgg]
5}g .

!(#s=b:t'/ nfUg] M -!_ o; ;+lxtfdf cGoyf pNn]v ePsf]df afx]s cbfntdf b]xfosf
ljifodf b]xfo adf]lhd b:t'/ nfUg]5 M–
-s_ ph'/Lkq, lkm/fbkq jf k|ltpQ/kq lb+bf ? @)).–
-v_ k'g/fj]bgkq lb+bf ? #)).–
-u_ v08 -s_ / -v_ adf]lhd afx]s cGo lgj]bg lb+bf ? !).–

129
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL ePsf]
d'2fdf pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] b:t'/ nfUg] 5}g .
!($= ;dGjo ;ldlt M -!_ cg';"rL–! jf cg';"rL–@ cGtu{tsf s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2fsf]
cg';Gwfg tyf cleof]hg;Fu ;+nUg lgsfosf lardf cfjZostf cg';f/ ;dGjo
sfod u/L cg';Gwfg tyf cleof]hg ;DaGwL sfo{df k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg b]xfo
ad]flhdsf] ;dGjo ;ldlt /xg]5 M–
-s_ dxfGofoflwjQmf – cWoIf
-v_ ;lrj, sfg"g, Gofo tyf ;+;bLo
dfldnf dGqfno – ;b:o
-u_ ;lrj, u[x dGqfno – ;b:o
-3_ k|x/L dxflg/LIfs, g]kfn k|x/L – ;b:o
-ª_ dxfGofoflwjQmfn] tf]s]sf]
dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{nosf]
/fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fL jf
;f]eGbf dflyNnf] bhf{sf]
;/sf/L jlsn – ;b:o ;lrj
-@_ ;dGjo ;ldltsf] sfo{ljlw ;ldlt cfk}mFn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!(%= ljefuLo sf/afxL x'g] M o; ;+lxtf adf]lhd ug{' kg{] s'g} sfd sf/afxL ug{ o;
;+lxtfdf cjlw tf]lsPsf]df To:tf] cjlwleq To:tf] sfd sf/afxL gug]{ /fi6«;]jsnfO{
sfg"g adf]lhd ljefuLo sf/afxL x'g]5 .
!(^= lgod agfpg] clwsf/ M -!_ o; ;+lxtfsf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu cg';Gwfg, cleof]hg
tyf ;/sf/L jsLnsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/sf] ljifodf dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] k/fdz{
lnO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] / cbfntL sfdsf/afxLsf] ljifodf ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] lgod
agfpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgod agfpFbf Gofo k|zf;g ;DaGwL ljifodf Gofo
kl/ifb\sf] k/fdz{ lng' kg]{5 .

130
!(&= lgb]{lzsf agfpg ;lsg] M -!_ o; ;+lxtf adf]lhd ;Dkfbg x'g] sfdsf/afxLnfO{
;/n, :ki6 / ;'Jojl:yt ug{ b]xfosf] ljifodf b]xfosf] clwsf/Ln] cfjZostf
cg';f/ lgb]{lzsf agfO{ nfu" ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ cg';"rL–! jf cg';"rL–@ cGtu{tsf s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2fsf]
cg';Gwfg Pj+ cleof]hg ;DaGwdf dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] /fo lnO{
g]kfn ;/sf/n],
-v_ cg';"rL–! jf cg';"rL–@ cGtu{tsf s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2fsf] ax;
k}/aL k|lt/Iff, sfg"gL /fo ;DaGWfdf dxfGofoflwjQmfn],
-u_ kl/R5]b ^ cGtu{t ;dfXjfg tfd]nLsf ;DaGwdf ;jf]{Rr
cbfntn],
-3_ cbfnt jf Ohnf;sf] Joj:yfkgsf ;DaGwdf ;jf]{Rr
cbfntn],
-ª_ kl/R5]b !% cGtu{tsf k}m;nf sfof{Gjogsf ;DaGwdf ;jf]{Rr
cbfntn],
-r_ bkmf !!^ adf]lhd d'2f lkmtf{ lng] ;DaGwdf
dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] k/fdz{ lnO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n],
-5_ bkmf !%( adf]lhd dfkmLsf ;DaGwdf dxfGofoflwjQmf;Fu
k/fdz{ lnO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n],
-h_ cGo cbfntL sfdsf/afxLsf ;DaGwdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] lgb]{lzsf o;} ;+lxtf cGtu{t hf/L ePsf]
dflgg]5 .

!(*= cg';"rLdf x]/km]/ jf yk36 ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] dxfGofoflwjQmfsf]
k/fdz{df g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L cg';"rL–!, cg';"rL–@, cg';"rL–# /
cg';"rL–$ df cfjZos x]/km]/ jf yk36 ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df pNn]v eP afx]s cGo cg';"rLdf cg';Gwfg tyf
cleof]hg ;DaGwL ljifodf dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] / cbfntL sf/afxLsf] ljifodf ;jf]{Rr

131
cbfntsf] k/fdz{df sfg"g, Gofo tyf ;+;bLo dfldnf dGqfnon] g]kfn /fhkqdf
;"rgf k|sfzg u/L cfjZostf cg';f/ yk36 jf x]/km]/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
132
cg';"rL – !
bkmf @ sf] v08 -3_ / -7_ ;Fu ;DalGwt
!= ck/fw ;+lxtfsf] b]xfosf kl/R5]b jf b]xfosf kl/R5]bsf b]xfo bkmf cGtu{tsf
s;"/ M –
-s_ efu @ sf] M
-!_ kl/R5]b –!
-@_ kl/R5]b –@
-#_ kl/R5]b –$ sf] bkmf (@, (#, ($ / !)@
-$_ kl/R5]b –% sf] bkmf !)$, !)%, !)^, !!), !!$, !!*, !!(, !@),
!@!, !@@, !@#, !@$, !@% / !@^
-%_ kl/R5]b – ^
-^_ kl/R5]b –&
-&_ kl/R5]b –* sf] bkmf !%!, !%@
-*_ kl/R5]b –(
-(_ kl/R5]b –!)
-!)_ kl/R5]b –!!
-!!_ kl/R5]b –!@
-!@_ kl/R5]b –!#
-!#_ kl/R5]b –!$ sf] bkmf !(@, !(# / !($
-!$_ kl/R5]b –!%
-!%_ kl/R5]b –!^
-!^_ kl/R5]b —!&,
-!&_ kl/R5]b –!* sf] @!(, @@!, @@@, @@#, @@%, @@^ sf] pkbkmf -#_
-!*_ kl/R5]b –!(
-!(_ kl/R5]b –@)
-@)_ kl/R5]b –@! sf] bkmf @$( sf] pklbkmf -#_ sf] v08 -s_ / -v_, /
bkmf  @%), @%!, @%@ / @%#

ldlt @)&%.)%.)$ df k|sflzt /fhkq4f/f ;+zf]wg .
133
-@!_ kl/R5]b –@@ / @#

-@@_ kl/R5]b –@% sf] bkmf @&^ sf] pkbkmf -#_ sf] v08
-s_, -v_, -u_ / bkmf @&*
-@#_ kl/R5]b –@^ sf] bkmf @*% -lghL ;DklQ afx]s_ @*&
-@$_ kl/R5]b –@&
@= k|s/0f ! cGtu{tsf] s;"/sf] pBf]u, b'?T;fxg, if8oGqsf] s;"/,
# dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/ k;f/ ;DaGwL s;"/,
$ x'nfs P]g, @)!( cGtu{tsf] s;"/,
% gful/stf ;DaGwL s;"/,
^= k|frLg :df/s ;DaGwL s;"/,
&= nfu" cf}ifw ;DaGwL s;"/,
* cfjZos ;]jf ;~rfng P]g, @)!$ cGtu{tsf] s;"/,
(= ckfË ;+/If0f tyf sNof0f P]g, @)#( cGtu{tsf] s;"/,
!@= lnvtx?sf] uf]Kotf ;DaGwL @)#( cGtu{tsf] s;"/,
!#= /fxbfgL ;DaGwL s;"/,
!$= cfjZos j:t' ;+/If0f ;DaGwL s;"/,
!%= sf/fuf/ P]g, @)!( cGtu{tsf s;"/,
!^= rGbf P]g, @)@% cGtu{tsf] s;"/,
!&= lr¶f P]g, @)@% cGtu{tsf] s;"/,
!*= ;jf/L ;fwgn] lsrL, 7Ss/ jf wSsf lbO{ jf b'3{6gf u/fO{{ s;}sf] Hofg d/]sf] jf
cËeË jf 3fOt] ePsf] s;"/,
!(= u}/;}lgs xjfO{ p8fg P]g, @)!% bkmf (s cGtu{tsf] s;"/,
@)= 5fkfvfgf tyf k|sfzg ;DaGwL P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !% cGtu{tsf] s;"/,
@!= o; cg';"rLdf ;dfj]z ePsf s;"/sf] sf/0faf6 p7]sf] sLt]{ jf hfn;fhL ;DaGwL
s;"/,
@@= k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd o; cg';"rLdf ;dfj]z x'g] egL tf]lsPsf] s'g} s;"/,

134
@#= g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L o; cg';"rLdf ;dfj]z u/]sf]
s;"/ .
135
cg';"rL – @
-bkmf @ sf] v08 -3_ / -7_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
!= ck/fw ;+lxtfsf] b]xfosf] kl/R5]bsf] b]xfo bkmf cGtu{tsf s;"/ –
-s_ efu –@ sf] kl/R5]b –% sf] bkmf !)&, !)*, !)(, !!!, !!@ / !!#

-v_ efu –@ sf] kl/R5]b –* sf] bkmf !$&, !$*, !$( / !%)
@= cg';"rL –! df pNn]v eP afx]s g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL e} rnfOg] kmf}hbf/L d'2f jf
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lglxt xs, lxt jf ;/f]sf/ /x]sf] kmf}hbf/L k|s[ltsf] s;"/,
#= sfg"g adf]lhd o; cg';"rLdf ;dfj]z ePsf] s;"/,
$= g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L o; cg';"rL cGtu{t sf/afxL /
lsgf/f x'g] egL tf]s]sf] s;"/,
%= k|s/0f !, @, # / $ cGtu{tsf] s;"/sf] if8oGq, pBf]u, b'?T;fxg ;DaGwL s;"/ .

ldlt @)&%.)%.)$ df k|sflzt /fhkq4f/f yk .

136
cg';"rL –#
-bkmf @ sf] v08 -7_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
!= ck/fw ;+lxtfsf] efu @ sf] kl/R5]b –# cGtu{tsf] s;"/,
@= cg';"rL–! jf cg';"rL–@ df pNn]v ePsf]df afx]s g]kfn ;/sf/ ;DalGwt /x]sf] jf
;+j}wflgs lgsfo, cbfnt jf ;fj{hlgs clwsf/Lsf] xs, lxt jf ;/f]sf/ lglxt /x]sf]
kmf}hbf/L s;"/ .
137
cg';"rL – $
-bkmf @ sf] v08 -7_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
!= ck/fw ;+lxtfsf b]xfosf kl/R5]b jf b]xfosf kl/R5]bsf b]xfosf bkmf cGtu{tsf
s;"/ M
-s_ efu @ sf] M

-!_ bkmf !(@, !(# / !($ afx]s kl/R5]b –!$

-@_ =================
-#_ kl/R5]b –!* sf] bkmf @@), @@$ / @@^ -!* jif{ / ;f]eGbf a9L
pd]/sL dlxnf ePdf _
-$_ kl/R5]b –@! sf] bkmf @$( sf] pkbkmf -#_ sf] v08 -u_, bkmf @%)
/ @%@ -AolQm jf g]kfn ;/sf/ afx]s cGo ;+:yf jfbL ePdf_
-%_ bkmf @&^ sf] pkbkmf -#_ sf] v08 -s_, -v_ / -u_ / bkmf @&*
afx]s kl/R5]b–@%
-^_ kl/R5]b –@^ sf] bkmf @*$, @*^ / @*& -AolQm jfbL ePdf_
-v_ efu # sf] kl/R5]b ! / @
@= cg';"rL !, @ jf # df pNn]v ePb]lv afx]ssf kmf}hbf/L s;"/,
#= k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd AolQmjfbL e} bfo/ x'g' kg]{ kmf}hbf/L k|s[ltsf s;"/,
$= xf8gftf s/0fLsf] s;"/,
%= k|s/0f !, @ / # cGtu{tsf s;"/sf] pBf]u, if8oGq, b'?T;fxg ;DaGwL s;"/ .

ldlt @)&%.)%.)$ df k|sflzt /fhkq4f/f x]/km]/ .

ldlt @)&%.)%.)$ df k|sflzt /fhkq4f/f lemlsPsf] .
138
cg';"rL – %
-bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -!_ / -&_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
hfx]/L b/vf:tsf] 9fFrf
>L ========================================df k]z u/]sf] k|x/L sfof{non] eg]{
-k|x/L sfof{nosf] gfd / 7]ufgf_ btf{ g+= M–

btf{ ldlt M–
!= hfx]/L b/vf:t jf ;"rgf lbg] AolQmsf] gfd, y/ / 7]ufgf -6f]n ;lxt_ kmf]g gDa/ M–
@= s'g sfg"g jf d'2faf/] b/vf:t jf ;"rgf u/]sf] xf] M–
#= s;"/ ug]{ AolQmsf] gfd, y/ / 7]ufgf -6f]n ;lxt_ M
$= s;"/ ug]{ AolQmsf] afa'÷cfdfsf] gfd M–
%= s;"/ ug]{ AolQmsf] x'lnof / kl/ro v'Ng] cGo ljj/0f M–
^= s;"/ ;DaGwL ljj/0f M
-s_ s;"/ ePsf] jf eO/x]sf] jf x'g nfu]sf] :yfg, 7fpF, ldlt / ;do,
-v_ s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt 36gfsf] ljj/0f,
-u_ s;"/sf] k|s[lt / s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt cGo ljj/0f,
-3_ s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt ;j'b k|df0f,
-ª_ s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt cGo ljj/0f .
&= of] b/vf:tsf] Joxf]/f l7s ;fFrf] 5, e'm§f Joxf]/f n]v]sf] 7x/] sfg"g ad]flhd ;x'Fnf
a'emfpFnf .
k|x/Låf/f cg';Gwfg x'Fbf jf cbfntdf d'2f rNbfsf] avt pkl:yt x'g' kg]{ hgfp kfP
;f] adf]lhd pkl:yt x'g]5' .
hfx]/L jf ;"rgf lbg] AolQmsf] M
;xL M–
ldlt M
139
cg';"rL – ^
-bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -#_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
hfx]/L b/vf:t jf ;"rgfsf] e/kfO{
ljifo =============================================== ;DaGwL s;"/ af/] .
=================================== sf] ldlt ======================sf] b/vf:t jf ;"rgf k|fKt eO{ o;

k|x/L sfof{nosf] btf{ lstfadf ldlt =============================== df btf{ eof] .
sfof{nosf] 5fk M– b/vf:t÷;"rgf btf{ ug]{ k|x/L sd{rf/L M–

;xL M–
btf{ g+= M– gfd M–
kb M–
sfof{no M–
ldlt M–
140
cg';"rL – &
-bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -%_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
s;"/ btf{ lstfa
g]kfn ;/sf/
u[x dGqfno
==================================k|x/L sfof{no
b= ck/f tf]ls 36g hfx]/ 36gf hfx] 36g Ifltsf] lkl8 cleo' cleo' kqmfp s;" s;"/ ;fIfL ef}l cg';Gwfg kZrftsf] ;fIf cbfn k'g/f k'g/f s}lkm
g+ wsf] Psf] fsf] L :yn / fsf] ljj/0f tsf] Qm Qm k/]sf] / ubf{ Pj+ ts sf/afxL L taf6 j]bg j]bg ot
lsl; cg'; ldlt btf{ df jfn 5f]6 gfd jf jf cleo' ubf{ k|of]u j:t'l ;j' k/L ePsf] u/] jf u/]
d Gwfg ;do ldlt k|x/L f sf] s/L y/, ;+sf: ;+sf: Qmsf] sf] ePs :ylt b If0f k}m;n gu/] gu/]s
clw / / k|:yf gfd ljj/ jtg kb kb ljj/0 tl/ f d'r'N k|df eP f sf] f]
sf/L :yfg ;do g y/ 0f pd]/ AolQm AolQm f sf ;fw sfsf 0f sf] u/]sf] u/]sf]
u/]sf] jt lnË sf] sf] gx? AolQ ldl eP eP
/ g k]zf afa's Gfd mx? t ldlt ldlt
141
k'u]sf] d[T 3f cG f] y/ cg'; cg';G ;/sf xb
ldlt o' Ot] o gfd x'lnof Gwfg Wfg /L Dof
tyf Ifl y/ k|ltj] clws jlsn b
;do t g f/Lsf] af6
k]z k|:tfl nufO
u/]s jt Psf]
f] /fo cleo
ldlt f]u
/
;f];Fu
;DalG
wt
sfg"g
tof/ ug]{sf] gfd b:tvt
142
cg';"rL – *
-bkmf ( sf] pkbkmf -$_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
cbfntsf] cg'dltaf6 hf/L ul/g] kqmfp k"hL{sf] 9fFrf
>L ================================================
7]ufgf -6f]n ;lxt_ ===========================================
tkfO{FnfO{ ============================================ s;"/sf] cg';Gwfgsf] l;nl;nfdf kqmfp

ug'{ kg]{ ePsf]n] ============================= cbfntsf] ldlt ============================= sf] cg'dlt
adf]lhd of] kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L ul/Psf] 5 . of] kqmfp k"hL{ lnO{ cfpg] k|x/L sd{rf/Lsf] ;fy
nflu t'?Gt} ====== sfof{noaf6 cfpg' xf]nf . cGoyf k|x/Ln] kqmfp u/L Nofpg]5 .
cg';GWffg clwsf/Lsf] M–
;xL M–
gfd M–
bhf{ M–
sfof{no M–
ldlt M–
143
cg';"rL – (
-bkmf ( sf] pkbkmf -^_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
h?/L kqmfp k"hL{sf] 9fFrf
>L ===============================
7]ufgf -6f]n ;lxt_
tkfO{FnfO{ ======================= s;"/ssf] cg';Gwfgsf] l;nl;nfdf tTsfn kqmfp ug'{

k/]sf]n] of] kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L ul/Psf] 5 .

k|x/L sd{rf/L÷cg';Gwfg clwsf/Lsf] M–
gfd, y/ M– bhf{ M–
ldlt M–

144
cg';"rL – !)
-bkmf !# sf] pkbkmf -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
lx/f;tdf /fVg] y'g'jf k"hL{sf] 9fFrf
>L ================================================
7]ufgf ===========================================
tkfO{FnfO{ =================================== hfx]/L÷k|ltj]bgn] ====================== s;"/sf]


l;nl;nfdf =========lx/f;tdf /fvL cg';Gwfg ug'{ kg]{ ePsf]n] cfh}sf ldltb]lv
 =========lx/f;tdf /fvL of] y'g'jf k"hL{ lbOPsf] 5 .
cg';Gwfg clwsf/L M–
;xL M–
gfd M–
bhf{ M–
sfof{no M–
ldlt M–

ldlt @)&%.)%.)$ df k|sflzt /fhkq4f/f lemlsPsf] .
145
cg';"rL – !!
-bkmf !^ sf] pkbkmf -$_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
36gf b]Vg], hfGg] jf yfxf kfpg] AolQmn] u/]sf] sfuhsf] 9fFrf
>L k|x/L sfof{no -kmnfgf 7fpF_ df cg';GWffg clwsf/L ===================================kmnfgf

;dIf, -kmnfgf_=======================7fpF a:g],
-kmnfgf_ k]zf ug]{, -kmnfgfsf]_ 5f]/f÷5f]/L =================================jif{ =============sf] -
kmnfgfn]_ u/]sf] sfuh
!= hfx]/L bvf{:t jf ;"rgfsf] 5f]6s/L ljj/0f M–
==================================================================================================================
==================================================================================================================
======================================================
@= 36gf;Fu ;DalGwt k|Zgx?
==================================================================================================================
==================================================================================================================
======================================================
#= sfuh ug]{n] v'nfO{ n]vfO{ lbPsf s'/fx? M–
==================================================================================================================
==================================================================================================================
======================================================
$= /f]xj/ M sfuh ug]{sf] ;xL M–
========================= ===================================
Olt ;Djt\ ========== ;fn ======= dlxgf ========ut] ======= /f]h ========= z''ed\ .
146
cg';"rL – !@
-bkmf !* sf] pkbkmf -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
vfgtnf;L ug]{ ;"rgf
>L =============================================
============================================= sf] hfx]/Ln] jfbL g]kfn ;/sf/ k|ltjfbL

=========================== ;d]t ePsf] ============================== s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2fdf lgh
cleo'Qm a;]sf] jf lghn] k|of]u u/]sf] jf lghn] s;"/ ubf{ s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt s'g}
rLh jf j:t' =============================== 7fpFdf /fv]sf] x'g ;Sg] x'Fbf pQm 3/ hUuf
vfgtnf;L ug{ tkfO{FnfO{ of] ;"rgf k|bfg u/]sf] 5' .
pQm sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofOlbg' x'g cg'/f]w ub{5' .
cg';Gwfg clwsf/L
ldlt M
147
cg';"rL–!#
-bkmf !* sf] pkbkmf -#_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
a/fdbL÷vfgtnf;L d'r'Nsfsf] 9fFrf
>L ====================== k|x/L sfof{no ==================== af6 ======================
ufpFkflnsf÷gu/kflnsf j8f g+= ============== -:yfg_ df v8f ul/Psf] =============== ck/fw;Fu
;DalGwt rLh j:t'÷7fpF÷dflg;sf] z/L/sf] a/fdbL÷vfgtnf;L d'r'Nsf .
1= hfx]/L b/vf:t jf ck/fwsf] ;"rgfsf] 5f]6s/L ljj/0f M
2= vfgtnf;L ug{] clwsf/L jf sd{rf/Lsf] cu|Ld tnf;L lng'kg{] eP ;f] lnPsf] ljj/0f M
3= a/fdbL÷vfgtnf;L ul/Psf] rLh j:t'÷7fpF÷dflg; /x]sf] rf/ lsNnf ;lxtsf]
ljj/0f M
4= a/fdb ePsf] ck/fw;Fu ;DalGwt ;fdfg jf b;Lsf] ljj/0f M
5= b]v] adf]lhd b:tvt ug{] ;fIfLx?sf] gfd, y/, jtg, pd]/ b:tvt M
-s_
-v_
-u_
6= /f]xj/df a:g]x?sf] gfd, y/, jtg, pd]/ / b:tvt M
-s_ cg';Gwfg clws[tn] d]/f] 3/, rLh j:t', z/L/ vfgtnf;L lnFbf cfkm\gf] tnf;L
lbO{ OHht;fy d]/f] tnf;L lnPsf] / 3/sf] jf d]/f] s'g} ;fdfg lxgfldgf ePsf]
5}g egL b:tvt ug{] ===================== lhNnf ====================
ufpFkflnsf÷gu/kflnsf j8f g+= ========================= :yfg a:g]
============================
-v_ hfx]/jfnfsf] gfd, y/, jtg =========== pd]/ ===== b:tvtM ========
-u_ cleo'Qmsf] gfd, y/, jtg ================pd]/ ======= b:tvtM =====
a/fdbL, vfgtnf;L ;d]tsf] sfd tfd]n ug{ vl6Psf cg';Gwfg clws[t M

cGo sd{rf/Lx? M
7= ldlt M
8= ;do M
148
cg';"rL – !$
-bkmf @) sf] pkbkmf -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
36gf:yn÷nfz hfFr d'r'Nsfsf] 9fFrf
>L ========================================= k|x/L sfof{no ================= af6
========================== -kmnfgf 7fpF_ df v8f u/]sf] 36gf:yn, nfz hfFr d'r'Nsf .
!= d[tssf] gfd, y/ x'lnof M–
jtg M–
pd]/ M–
lnËM M–
@= b/vf:t jf ;"rgfsf] 5f]6s/L ljj/0f M
==================================================================================================================
==================================================================================================================
======================================================
#= 36gf:ynsf] rf/ lsNnf ;lxtsf] ljj/0f M–
==================================================================================================================
==================================================================================================================
======================================================
$= nfzsf] ljj/0f M–
nfzsf] zf/Ll/s cj:yf M– -Joxf]/f v'nfpg]_
nfzsf] ljj/0f M–
sk8f –z/L/df ePsf cGo ef}lts ;fdu|Lx? ;d]t_ xft v'lDrPsf]
prfO ;f]emf]
skfnsf] /Ë d'¶L
skfnsf] cj:yf gªsf] cj:yf
cg'xf/sf] cj:yf v'§fsf] cj:yf
cfFvf M v'Nnf . aGb cGo cj:yf
gLn8fdx?
-7fpF, cfsf/ tyf gfk_
149
gfd
======================================
sfg vf]l;|Psf] bfuL
-7fpF / cfsf/ tyf gfd_
d'v
=====================================
bfFt / lha|f] sfl6Psf] 3fpx?
3fF6Lsf] cj:yf -7fpF, cfsf/_
3fF6Lsf] 8fdx? cGo 7fpFx?
5ftL -7fpF, cfsf/ tyf gfk_
==================
k]6sf] cGo efusf] cj:yf
dnåf/
====================================
lnË÷of]gL kl/rofTds lrGx -s'g}
eP_
==================
cGo s'g} ljs[lt . c:jfefljs nIf0f eP -;f] ;d]t pNn]v ug]{_
%= 36gf:yn / nfzsf] /]vf lrq0f . -ug{ ;lsG5 eg]_ M–
^= b]v] adf]lhd ;xL 5fk ug]{ ;fIfLx?sf] gfd, y/, pd]/ jtg / ;xL–
==================================================================================================================
==================================================================================================================
======================================================
&= /f]xj/df a:g]x?sf] gfd, y/, pd]/, jtg / ;xL–
150
==================================================================================================================
==================================================================================================================
======================================================
b/vf:t jf ;"rgf lbg] AolQmsf] gfd, y/, pd]/ jtg / ;xLM–
cleo'Qmx?sf] gfd, y/, pd]/, jtg / ;xL M–
sfd tfd]n ug]{ M–
cg';Gwfg clwsf/L M–
cGo k|x/L sd{rf/Lx? M–
===========================
==========================
ldlt M–
151
cg';"rL–!%
-bkmf @) sf] pkbkmf -%_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
zj k/LIf0f k|ltj]bgsf] 9fFrf
AUTOPSY REPORT
1. Case registration number:
2. Police Office sending for autopsy (letter date and reference number):
3. Name of the deceased: 4. Address:
5. Gender: 6. Age, Date of Birth:
7. Dead body identified by:

8. Name of the accompanying Police Personnel:
9. Date and time of death:
10. Date and hour of receipt of inquest papers and dead body:
11. Date and hour of starting autopsy:
12. Date and hour of concluding autopsy:
13. Name of the Experts conducting autopsy:
(1)…………… (2) …………... (3) ……….. (4) …..……

14. Name of the Hospital:
RELEVANT DETAILS (Mention brief history of the case regarding

circumstances of death and other sources of information):
EXTERNAL EXAMINATION (General observation of the dead body):

(1) Height: (2) Weight: (3) Physique: (4) Hairs:
(5) Clothes and conditions:
(6) Special identifying features (Huliya):
152
(7) Post-mortem changes present:

(a) Rigor mortis:
(b) Livor mortis:
(c) Algor mortis/Cooling:
(d) Different signs of decomposition:
(8) Natural orifices:

Eyes: Mouth: Vagina/penis:
Nose: Ears: Anus:
Urethra:
(9) Injuries: Name, size and site (Ante mortem /post-mortem /old /fresh)
INTERNAL EXAMINATION
Head and Neck:
1) Scalp, skull:
2) Brain and vessels:
3) Orbital, nasal and aural cavities:
4) Mouth, tongue:
5) Neck (larynx, thyroid and other neck structures) :
6) Other relevant details:
Chest (Thorax)
1) Ribs and chest wall:
2) Diaphragm:
153
3) Oesophagus:
4) Trachea and bronchi:
5) Pleural cavities:
6) Lungs:
7) Heart and pericardial sac (any content in pericardial sac, condition of
three coronary arteries, valves and chambers and myocardium must
be observed):-
Abdomen
1) Peritoneal and Pelvic cavity :
2) Stomach and content :
3) Small intestine:
4) Large intestine:
5) Liver, gall bladder, pancrease :
6) Spleen:
7) Kidney, renal pelvis :
8) Genital organs:
9) Urinary bladder and urethra:
Spinal Column:
Specimen Collected For Analysis (Mention preservative also)

Toxicology
1) Stomach with contents:
2) Part of liver:
3) Kidney:
4) Blood:
5) Others; if any:
Histopathology :
Others (Specify):
154
Special Examination (Procedures like neck dissection, pelvic

dissection, flotation test of lungs etc. must be done in relevant cases
and findings should be documented):
Items Handed Over (when and who received?)
1) Autopsy report:-
2) Viscera and other Samples :-
3) Clothes and other articles:-
Opinion or Conclusion
1. Opinion on cause of death:
……………………………………………………………
d[To'sf] sf/0f -g]kfnLdf ;d]t_ M
2. Opinion on time since death:
3. Opinion on probable type of objects or weapon causing injuries:
4. Opinion on live birth or still birth:
5. Other Opinion; if any:

Signature of Medical Officer / Expert
1. ………… 2 . ……. 3 . …….
Signature: Signature: Signature:
Date: Date: Date:
Name: Name: Name:
Special Special Special
Qualification, Qualification, Qualification,
Training and Training and Training and
Experience: Experience: Experience:
N.M.C. Reg. No.: N.M.C. Reg. No.: N.M.C. Reg. No.:
Seal of the Hospital:
Date :
155
b|i6Jo M
 zj k/LIf0f sfo{;Dej eP;Dd Forensic ljifosf] ljz]if1n] / To:tf] ljz]if1
gePdf tflnd k|fKt lrlsT;sn] ug'{ kg]{5 .
 zj k/LIf0f ug]{ ljz]if1 jf lrlsT;sn] g} k|ltj]bg tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
 ;Dej eP;Dd sDo'6/ 6fOk u/L k|ltj]bg tof/ ug'{ kg]{5, ;f] gePdf :ki6 a'lemg]
u/L pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 . ;fy} k/LIf0f k|ltj]bgsf] ;Ssn k|lt g} ;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 .
 lgwf{l/t :yfgdf ljj/0f pNn]v ug{ gk'u ePdf 5'§} kfgfdf ;d]t ljj/0f pNn]v ug'{
kg]{5 .
156
cg';"rL–!^
-bkmf @@ sf] pkbkmf -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
3f hfFr s]z kmf/fdsf] 9fFrf
INJURY EXAMINATION REPORT

(IT IS USED IN CASE OF EXAMINATION OF DETAINEE
ALSO)
1. Case Registration No.:
2. Name of the Office referred for injury examination (with letter
ref. No. and Date) :
3. Name, Age, Date of birth and Sex of the injured person:
4. Address:
5. Name of the accompanying Police Personnel:
6. Name of the Hospital/Health centre:
7. Date, time and place of examination:
8. Identification mark of the examinee :
9. Consent for examination taken from :
Injured person Family member or others
10. Brief history about the incident (how and when the injuries
were produced?):
11. Medical history of the examinee :
12. General Physique and vitals :
157
Height: Weight: Pulse: B.P.: B.P:

Temperature: Respiratory Rate:
Temperature: Respiratory Rate:

Degree of Consciousness:
13. Injuries (Name, Size, Site, Color, Surrounding area, Signs
of treatment, Bleeding Marks, Sign of Healings, any Imprints
and content etc.) :
A. Type of injury
a. Simple:
b. Angabhanga (Grievous) :
c. Severe:
d. Other remarks:
B. Type of weapon/object used:
(i) Blunt force (ii) Sharpe force
(iii) Pointed objects (iv)Projectile (v) Heat
(vi) Chemical (vii) Others (Specify)
C. Condition of the patient at the time of examination :
D. Severity (Explain the severity in terms of existing

condition and possible complication) :
E. Investigation and reports (for example X-ray, USG, Blood,
Urine etc) :
F. Treatment provided (briefly) :
158
G. Referral (Where and Why?):

H. Follow up (if necessary ) :
I. Re- Examination (Whether case needs information about
grade of disability ) :
Opinion: (Condition of examinee, severity of the injury, age of the

injury and possible causative objects should be considered to frame
opinion)
Name of the Examiner: Signature:

Qualification:- MC ⁄ NHPC Reg. No. :
Office/Hospital/Health Centre:Date:
Seal of the Hospital/Health Centre:
b|i6Jo M
 3f hfFr sfo{;Dej eP;Dd Forensic ljifosf] ljz]if1n] / To:tf] ljz]if1 gePdf
tflnd k|fKt lrlsT;fsdL{n] ug'{ kg]{5 .
 3f hfFr ug]{ ljz]if1 jf lrlsT;fsdL{n] g} k|ltj]bg tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
 ;Dej eP;Dd sDo'6/ 6fOk u/L k|ltj]bg tof/ ug'{ kg]{5, ;f] gePdf :ki6 a'lemg]
u/L pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 . ;fy} k/LIf0f k|ltj]bgsf] ;Ssn k|lt g} ;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 .
 lgwf{l/t :yfgdf ljj/0f pNn]v ug{ gk'u ePdf 5'§} kfgfdf ;d]t ljj/0f pNn]v ug'{
kg]{5 .
159
cg';"rL – !&
-bkmf @$ sf] pkbkmf -#_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
dflg; ;gfvt u/]sf] 9fFrf
k|x/L sfof{no =============================== af6 ePsf] ;gfvt d'r'Nsf
=======================sf] 5f]/f ========================= lhNnf ============ ufpFkflnsf gu/kflnsf

=============== jf8{ g+= ============a:g] n] lhNnf ============================= ufpFkflnsf÷gu/kflnsf
================jf8{ g+= =========== df ldlt ==================df u/]sf] =======================s;"/ 36\bf
;f] :yfgdf d /x]sf] . d}n] b]v]sf] / s;"/ ug]{ AolQmnfO{ ;gfvt ug{ k|x/L sfof{no
=============== af6 cg'/f]w eO{ cfPsf]n] d =========================== cfh o; sfof{nodf pkl:yt
ePsf] 5' . ;f] 36gf 36\bf b]xfosf AolQmnfO{ d}n] b]v]sf]n] lghsf] ?k, /Ë lrg]sf]n] lgh
;f]xL AolQm xf] egL ;gfvt ub{5' ÷ lghnfO{ gb]v]sf] jf lghsf] ?k /Ë km/s ePsf]n]
lgh ;f] AolQm gePsf] Joxf]/f cg'/f]w ub{5' .
;gfvt ug]{ AolQmsf] gfd, y/, jtg M

;gfvt u/fOPsf] :yfg M
;gfvt u/fpg] clwsf/Lsf] gfd, y/, jtg, bhf{ M
;gfvt u/]sf] ldlt M
160
cg';"rL–!*
-bkmf @% sf] pkbkmf -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

cg';Gwfg 8fo/L
!= cg';GWffg clwsf/Lsf] gfd M
@= cg';GWffg ug{ tf]lsPsf] ldlt M
#= d'2fsf] gfd M
$= jfbL÷k|ltjfbLsf] gfd M
%= cg';Gwfg ;DaGwL ljj/0f M
-s_ s;"/sf] ;"rgf kfPsf] ldlt, ;do / ;f]sf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0f M
-v_ cg';Gwfgsf] l;nl;nfdf lghn] u/]sf] e|d0fsf] ljj/0f M
ldlt :yfg lghn] k|fKt b;L sf]xL s;}nfO{ cfk"mn] ;f]wk'5 u/]sf b:tvt s}lkmot
u/]sf k|df0f / kqmfp u/]sf] dflg;sf] gfd, 7]ufgf /
sfdx? ;a"bx? eP ;f]sf] lghn] s;"/sf ;DaGWfdf
ljj/0f JoQm u/]sf s'/fx?

161
cg';"rL – !(
-bkmf #! sf] pkbkmf -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
cg';Gwfg k|ltj]bg
d'2f g+= ====================bfo/L ldlt ====================== ;Dd

!= s;"/sf] ;"rgf k|fKt ePsf] jf ph'/L k/]sf] ldlt / ;do ============
@= cg';Gwfg clwsf/Lsf] gfd / bhf{ =========================
#= ;"rgf lbg] AolQmsf] gfd / 7]ufgf =============================
$= hfx]/L b/vf:t jf ;"rgfsf] 5f]6s/L ljj/0f ============================
%= s;"/ 36]sf] ldlt, ;do / 7fpF ==============================
^= s;"/af6 kLl8t AolQmsf] ;gfvt ePsf] ldlt / ;do =================

&= cleo'Qm kqmfp ePsf] ldlt, ;do / :yfg ===========================
*=  cleo'Qmsf] gfd, y/, pd]/, jtg -6f]n ;d]t_ -PseGbf a9L s;"/bf/ eP qmd};Fu
;a}sf] gfd n]Vg] ========================================
(=  cleo'Qmsf] afa' cfdfsf] gfd / jtg ==============================
!)= cleo'Qmn] clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/L ;dIf u/]sf] aofgsf] 5f]6s/L ljj/0f ==============
!!= s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt dfn;fdfg k]mnf k/]sf] 7fpF ======================
!@= s;"/af6 kLl8t AolQmsf] gfd, y/, pd]/ tyf 7]ufgf ================
!#= 36gf:ynsf] :ki6 ljj/0f tyf lrq0f ============================
!$= s;"/ ubf{ k|of]u ul/Psf] ;fwg jf xftxltof/ ======================
!%= 36gfsf] sf/0f / s;"/bf/sf] dg;fo ===================================
!^= cg';GWffg clwsf/Lsf] k|:tfljt /fo / ;hfo dfu bfjL =====================================
!&= Ifltk"lt{ e/fpg] eP sf] s;nfO{ slt Ifltk"lt{ e/fpg' kg]{ xf] ;f]sf] ljj/0f ============
!*= s;"/sf] af/]df yfxf kfpg] ;fIfLx?sf] gfd, y/ jtg / lghx?n] cg';Gwfg clwsf/L
;dIf u/]sf] sfuhsf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0f ==================================
!(= s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt ef}lts ;a"b k|df0f ============================
@)= cGo s]xL s'/f pNn]v ug'{ kg]{ eP ;f]sf] ljj/0f ======================

162
@!= k|:t't sfuhftx?sf] l;nl;n]jf/ ljj/0f ===========================


cg';"rL–@)
-bkmf #@ sf] pkbkmf -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
cleof]ukqsf] 9fFrf
cbfntn] eg]{ M ==================

btf{ g+= M ===========================
btf{ ldlt M =======================
>L ===================cbfntdf
d'n'sL kmf}hbf/L sfo{ljlw ;+lxtf, @)&$ sf] bkmf #@ adf]lhd bfo/ u/]sf]
cleof]u kq
==================;fnsf] lg0f{o gDa/ M====================
=========================================== sf] hfx]/Ln] g]kfn ;/sf/

====================================================== jfbL
la?4
-!_ ============ ============== ==================== =================== ============================

-@_ ============ ========================================= ============================= ======== == ==== ===k|ltjfbL
d'2f M=================================================
d'2fsf] ;+lIfKt tYoM

-!_========================================
-@_========================================
-#_=========================================
cleo'Qm pk/ nufPsf] cleof]u M
cleo'QmnfO{ x'g' kg]{ ;hfo M

ldlt @)&^.)#.!^ df k|sflzt /fhkq4f/f x]/km]/ .
163
;hfo sd jf ;hfodf 5'6sf] dfu bfaL / cfwf/ M

Ifltk"lt{sf] dfu bfaL M
cleof]u bfaL;Fu ;DalGwt sfg"gL Joj:yf M
cGo s'/f v'nfpg' kg]{ eP ;f] s'/fx? M

;a"b k|df0f M
b;L k|df0f tyf s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt rLh j:t' M
-!_
-@_
-#_
ujfx M
b]Vg] M–
-!_
-@_
-#_
;Gg]M
-!_
-@_
-#_
k|:t't sfuhkqx? M
-!_
-@_
-#_
of] cleof]ukqaf6 sf/afxL z'? ug{ cg'/f]w ul/G5 .
sfof{nosf] 5fk M ;/sf/L jlsnsf] M
b:tvt M
gfd M
bhf{ M
164
sfof{no M
ldlt M
b|i6Jo M
-!_ cleof]ukq tof/ ubf{ o; ;+lxtfsf] bkmf #@ adf]lhd v'nfpg' kg]{ s'/fx? ;d]t
v'nfO{ n]Vg' k5{ .
-@_ ;a} cleo'Qmsf] gfd, y/, jtg la?4 v08df l;nl;nf gDa/ ldnfO{ n]Vg' k5{ .
165
cg';"rL – @!
-bkmf %# sf] pkbkmf -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
ph'/Lsf] 9fFrf
cbfntn] eg]{ ===========

btf{ g+= ==============
btf{ ldlt =============
==============================df d'n'sL kmf}hbf/L sfo{ljlw -;+lxtf_ P]g, @)&$ sf]

kl/R5]b===============sf] bkmf =========cGtu{t bfo/ u/]sf]
ph''/Lkq
==================================;fnsf] kmf}=ld= g+= =====================================a:g]
jif{=================sf]========================================================= ph'/jfnf .
la?4
====================================== a:g] jif{=========sf] ===========================k|ltjfbL
d'2f============
pko'{Qm  k|ltjfbLn] u/]sf] s;"/sf] Joxf]/f lgDg lnlvt 5 . lgh pk/ d'2fsf] sf/afxL
ug{ ;fb/ cg'/f]w u5'{ .
!= s;"/sf] ljj/0f ====================================================
@=  k|ltjfbL pk/ nufPsf] cleof]u ======================================
#= ;DalGwt sfg"g ====================================================
$=  k|ltjfbLnfO{ x'g' kg]{ ;hfo ====================================================
%= s;"/af6 x'g uPsf] Iflt /  k|ltjfbLaf6 e/fpg' kg]{ /sd ==================
^= cleo'Qmn] s;"/ :jLsf/ u/]sf] eP ;f] ;DaGwL ljj/0f / ;f] afkt kfpg] ;hfo
5'6=======

166
&= cGo cfjZos s'/fx? ====================================================

k|df0f
;fIfL
-!_ ====================================================
-@_ ====================================================
========================================== -;fIfLx?sf] k"/f gfd, pd]/ / 7]ufgf_
lnvt
!= ====================================================
@= ====================================================
b;L
!= ====================================================
@= ====================================================
ph'/jfnf
================ hGd e} ========= a:g]
5f]/f÷5f]/L÷kTgL ===============jif{sf]
====================================
ldlt =======================
167
cg';"rL – @@
-bkmf %& sf] pkbkmf -&_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

kqmfp k"hL{÷;dfXfg adf]lhd pkl:yt x'g cfpg] ;"rgf
>L =========================================== cbfntaf6 hf/L ePsf] ;"rgf
>L =======================================sf] hfx]/L÷k|ltj]bgn] jfbL g]kfn ;/sf/ k|ltjfbL

tkfOF{÷tkfO{F ;d]t ePsf] ===============================d'2fdf tkfO{F÷tkfOF ;d]t eO{ ================
sf] ================================ ePsf] egL cleof]u kq k]z ePsf] x'Fbf tkfO{Fsf] gfpFsf] kqmfp
k"hL{ o;};fy k7fOPsf] 5 . kqmfp k"hL{÷;dfXjfg adf]lhd pkl:yt x'g ;"lrt ul/Psf] 5 .
cbfntsf] 5fk ;DalGwt clwsf/Lsf]

;xL5fk

168
cg';"rL – @#
-bkmf %* sf] pkbkmf -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt
cbfntjf6 cleo'Qmsf] gfddf hf/L x'g] kqmfp k"hL{sf] 9fFrf
>L ================================================== cbfntaf6 hf/L ePsf] ;"rgf
>L ================================================================== sf] hfx]/L÷k|ltj]bgn] jfbL g]kfn

;/sf/ k|ltjfbL tkfO{F . tkfO{F ;d]t ePsf] =========================d'2fdf tkfO{F÷tkfO{F ;d]t eO{
================ sf] ================================ ePsf] egL cleof]ukq k]z ePsf] x'Fbf tkfO{sf
gfpdf of] kqmfp k"hL{ hf/L ul/Psf] 5 . kqmfp k"hL{ adf]lhd pkl:yt x'g ;"lrt ul/Psf] 5
.
cbfntsf] 5fk ;DalGwt clwsf/Lsf]

;xL5fk
169
cg';"rL – @$
-bkmf %* sf] pkbkmf -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
cbfntaf6 ;fIfL tyf cGo AolQmsf] gfddf hf/L x'g] kqmfp k"hL{sf] 9fFrf

cleo'Qm÷;fIfL÷cGo JolQm gfpFdf ============================================= cbfntaf6 hf/L
ePsf]
kqmfp k"hL{
============================================================
-clws[t jf sfof{nosf] gfd_
============================================================================== s;"/sf] cleof]udf

============================================================================== pk/
-kqmfp ug'{ kg]{ JolStsf] gfd / 7]ufgf_
of] cbfntdf d'2fsf] sf/afxL rn]sf]n] lghnfO{ kqmfp u/L af6fsf Dofb afx]s ;ft
lbgleq of] cbfntdf pkl:yt u/fpg' xf]nf . ;f] cjlwleq pkl:yt u/fpg g;s]df cf7f}F
lbgsf lbg of] kqmfp k"hL{ / o;} ;fy k7fOPsf] ;"rgf tfd]n u/L To;sf] hfgsf/L o;
cbfntnfO{ u/fO{ kqmfp ug'{ kg]{ AolQmsf] vf]h tnf; u/L hfxfF k]mnf k/] klg kqmfp u/L
o; cbfntdf bflvn u/fpg' xf]nf .
;DalGwt clwsf/Lsf] M
ldlt ;xL5fk
cbfntsf] 5fk

170
cg';"rL @%
bkmf %* sf] pkbkmf -&_ ;Fu ;DalGwt
cbfntaf6 hf/L ePsf] k}+tL; lbg] kqmfp k"hL{
>L ===================================== sf] hfx]/Ln] jfbL g]kfn ;/sf/ k|ltjfbL tkfOF{

========================= ;d]t ePsf] ================== d'2fdf tkfO{FnfO{ lu/k\mtf/ ug{ kqmfp k"hL{
hf/L ePsf]df pQm k"hL{ adf]lhd tkfO{F kqmfp e} gcfPsf] x'gfn] of] k}FtL; lbg] kqmfp k"hL{
;d]t 6fFl;Psf] 5 . af6fsf] Dofb afx]s k}FtL; lbgleq cfk}Fm jf kqmfp k"hL{ adf]lhd
kqmfpdf k/L o; cbfntdf xflh/ x'g cfpg' ePdf tkfO{Fsf] Joxf]/f ;d]t a'emL sfg"g
adf]lhd sf/afxL x'g]5 . gcfO{ Dofb u'hf/L km/f/ /x] sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 . kl5 tkfO{Fn]
ph'/ ug{ kfpg' x'g] 5}g .
ldlt ;DalGwt clwsf/Lsf]

cbfntsf] 5fk ;xL5fk
171
cg';"rL – @^
-bkmf %( sf] pkbkmf -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
cleo'Qmsf] gfddf hf/L ePsf] ;dfJxfgsf] 9fFrf
================================ af6 hf/L ePsf] ========================a:g] ===================================

gfdsf] ;dfXjfg .
tkfO{F pk/ ======================================= s;"/sf] cleof]udf of] cbfntdf cleof]ukq

k/]s]fn] ;Djt\ ===================;fn ========dlxgf =======ut] =========sf lbg ;f] ljifodf ;'gjfO{
x'g] x'Fbf o; cbfntdf pkl:yt x'g' xf]nf . ;f] lbg pkl:yt x'g' ePg eg] tkfO{FnfO{ kqmfp
ug{ k"hL{ hf/L u/L sfg"g adf]lhd sf/afxL ul/g]5 . tkfO{F pk/sf] ph'/L o;} ;fy ;+nUg 5
.
;DalGwt clwsf/Lsf]
;xL5fk M
!= ======================================== -;+nUg lnvtsf] gSsn_
@= ========================================
#= ==========================================
$= ==========================================
cbfntsf] 5fk
ldlt M ==========================
172
cg';"rL – @&
-bkmf %( sf] pkbkmf -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
AolQmjfbL kmf}hbf/L d'2fdf hf/L x'g] ;dfJxfgsf] 9fFrf
================================ af6 hf/L ePsf] ======================== a:g] ===================================

gfdsf] ;dfXjfg .
tkfO{F pk/ ===================================== s;"/df ph'/ k/]sf] x'gfn] of] ;dfXjfg hf/L ul/Psf]
5 . of] ;dfXjfg hf/L ePsf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq o; cbfntdf pkl:yt x'g' xf]nf . ;f]
cjlwleq pkl:yt gePdf sfg"g adf]lhd e} hfg] Joxf]/f ;"lrt ul/G5 .
;DalGwt clwsf/Lsf]
;xL5fk M
!= ======================================== -gSsn k7fOPsf lnvtx?_

@= ========================================
#= ==========================================
$= ==========================================
cbfntsf] 5fk
ldlt M ==========================

173
cg';"rL–@*
-bkmf ^) ;Fu ;DalGwt_
;fIfLsf gfddf hf/L ePsf] ;dfJxfgsf] 9fFrf
================================ af6 hf/L ePsf] ======================== a:g] ===================================

gfdsf] ;dfXjfg .
==================================== jfbL ===================================== k|ltjfbL ===========================

ePsf] =================================== d'2fdf tkfO{F;Fu s]xL s'/f a'e\mg' kg]{ ePs]f x'gfn] ;Djt\
============== ;fn ========== dlxgf =====ut] ===========sf lbg laxfg ===== ah] o; cbfntdf
pkl:yt x'g cfpg' xf]nf . pkl:yt x'g gcfP sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
;DalGwt clwsf/Lsf]
;xL5fk M
cbfntsf] 5fk
ldlt M ==========================
174
cg';"rL @(
-bkmf &$ sf] pkbkmf -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
w/f}6 lbg] AolQmnfO{ u/fOg] sfuhsf] 9fFrf
----------------------- sf] hfx]/Ln] jfbL g]kfn ;/sf/ / k|ltjfbL ---------------------

- ePsf] ;Djt\ ---------------------- sf] d'2f ---------------------- df -----------
----------- cbfntsf] ldlt ---------------------- sf] cfb]zn] ----------------------
w/f}6 dfu ePsf]n] ;f] w/f}6 afkt gub --------------------- ?k}ofF jf b]xfo adf]lhdsf]
;DklQ w/f}6 /fVg] cg'dltsf] nflu lgj]bg u/]sf] 5' . cbfntn] tf]s]sf] ;dodf ;b}j
pkl:yt x'g]5' / gePdf d}n] ltg{' Joxf]g{' kg{] /sd;Dd ;f] w/f}6 hkmt x'g d]/f] d~h'/L 5 .
w/f}6 lbg]sf] gfd, y/ jtg,

afa' afh]sf] gfd, y/ jtg .
;DklQsf] ljj/0f M
175
cg';"rL #)
-bkmf &$ sf] pkbkmf -#_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
;DklQ hdfgt lbg] AolQmnfO{ u/fOg] sfuhsf] 9fFrf
---------------- sf] hfx]/Ln] jfbL g]kfn ;/sf/ / k|ltjfbL ----------------------

ePsf] ;Djt\ ---------------------- sf] d'2f ---------------------- df ------
---------------- cbfntsf] ldlt ---------------------- sf] cfb]zn] ------------
---------- hdfgt lbg' kg{] ePsf]n] ;f] hdfgt afkt gub ---------------------
?k}ofF jf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;DklQ hdfgt lbgsf] nflu d ---------------- d~h'/
ePsf]n] ;f] hdfgt lbg cfPsf] 5' . cbfntn] tf]s]sf] ;dodf ;b}j pkl:yt x'g]5' /
gePdf dnfO{ x'g] ;hfo jf d}n] ltg'{ Joxf]g'{ kg]{ s'g} /sd ;f] hdfgt jf d]/f] cGo
s'g} ;DklQaf6 c;"n pk/ x'g d]/f] d~h'/L 5 .
hdfgt lbg]sf] gfd, y/, jtg,

afa' afh]sf] gfd, y/, jtg .
;DklQsf] ljj/0f M
176
cg';"rL #!
-bkmf &$ sf] pkbkmf -$_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
cleo'Qm÷k|ltjfbL afx]s cGo AolQmn] lbg] hdfgt lbPsf]df lghnfO{ u/fOg] sfuhsf] 9fFrf
------------------------ sf] hfx]/Ln] jfbL g]kfn ;/sf/ / k|ltjfbL ---------------------

- ePsf] ;Djt\ ---------------------- sf] d'2f ---------------------- df --------------
------ cbfntsf] ldlt ----------------- sf] cfb]zn] ---------------- lghaf6 --------
---- hdfgt dfu ePsf] / lghsf] xsdf ;f] hdfgt afkt gub ---------------------
?k}ofF jf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;DklQ hdfgt lbgsf] nflu d -------------------- d~h'/
ePsf]n] ;f] hdfgt lbg cfPsf] 5' . cbfntn] tf]s]sf] ;dodf lgh cleo'Qm÷k|ltjfbLnfO{
pkl:yt u/fpg]5' / u/fpg g;s]df lghnfO{ x'g] ;hfo jf lghn] ltg'{ kg]{ s'g} /sd ;f]
hdfgt jf cGo s'g} ;DklQaf6 c;"n pk/ x'g d]/f] d~h'/L 5 .
hdfgt lbg]sf] gfd, y/, jtg,

afa' afh]sf] gfd, y/, jtg .
;DklQsf] ljj/0f M
==============================
b:tvt
ldlt
177
cg';"rL – #@
-bkmf *) ;Fu ;DalGwt_
y'g'jf k"hL{sf] 9fFrf
y'g'jf k"hL{
>L ================================================
7]ufgf ===========================================
tkfO{FnfO{ =================================================== hfx]/Ln] jfbL g]kfn ;/sf/ k|ltjfbL

tkfO{F ;d]t ePsf] ======================s;"/sf] l;nl;nfdf tkfOFnfO{ ========= lx/f;tdf /fvL
d'2fsf] sf/afxL ug'{ kg]{ ePsf]n] cfh}sf ldltb]lv  =========== lx/f;tdf /fVg of] y'g'jf k"hL{
lbOPsf] 5 .
;DalGwt clwsf/Lsf] M–
;xL M–
gfd M–
bhf{ M–
sfof{no M–
ldlt M–

178
179
cg';"rL – ##
-bkmf *@ sf] pkbkmf -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
tfl/v lstfasf] 9fFrf
======================================= af6 v8f ul/Psf] tfl/v lstfa

;Djt\ =================================================================
dlxgf, l;=g++= d'2f ph'/jfnf, cleo'Qm jf s'g sfdsf] s}lkmot

ut] af/ k'g/fj]bs jf k|ToyL{sf] nflu tfl/v
lgj]bssf] gfd tf]lsPsf]
gfd
;xL5fk
180
cg';"rL–#$
-bkmf *@ sf] pkbkmf -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
tfl/v e/kfO{{sf] 9fFrf
===================== cbfnt÷sfof{nodf v8f ul/Psf] tfl/v

e/kfO{
jfbL k|ltjfbL
d'2f
ldlt===================================== df
ldlt==========================df d'2f k]zL ;"rLdf r9fOg] ePsf]n]÷===================== sfd

ug]{ ePsf]n] ldlt =============================sf lbg ======== ah] o; cbfnt÷sfof{nodf
pkl:yt x'g]5' egL ;xL
ug]{ ================================
jfbL========================== k|ltjfbL ===========================
181
cg';"rL – #%
-bkmf *# sf] pkbkmf -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
tfl/v krf{sf] 9fFrf
============================== af6 hf/L ePsf] ================================ gfpFsf]

tfl/v krf{
====================================== d'2f ======================== ;fn ============= gDa/

=====================================================lj?4 =================================sf] lgldQ
======================================== sf] tfl/v tf]lsPsf]n] ;f] lbg ================== ah]
==============================================df pkl:yt x'g' xf]nf .
tfl/v tf]Sg] sd{rf/Lsf] ;xL5fk
========================================= sf] lgldQ ================================ sf] tfl/v tf]lsPsf]n] ;f]

lbg ================================= ah] ========================= pkl:yt x'gx' f]nf .
tfl/v tf]Sg] sd{rf/Lsf] ;xL5fk
182
cg';"rL – #^
-bkmf *( sf] pkbkmf -%_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
jf/];gfdfsf] 9fFrf
=================== a:g]========================= ;Fusf] ============================================= d'2fdf
d]/f] tkm{af6 ==================================== ==========================
=====================================================sfd ug{nfO{ ================a:g]

=======================================nfO{ jfl/; lgo'Qm u/]sf] 5' . lghdf jfl/; x'g s'g}
cof]Uotf 5}g . d}n] sfg"g adf]lhd nfu]sf] b08, hl/afgf, bzf}Fb lj;f}Fb, b:t'/ ltg{
afFsL /x]sf] 5}g . dfly n]lvPsf] Joxf]/f ;fFrf] 5 em'7f 7x/]df of] jf/];gfdf ab/
ul/lbgdf d]/f] d~h'/L 5 .
ldlt =========================
===========================
bf= af= -;xL_
cf}7fsf] 5fk ========================== -k"/f gfd_
====================== -k"/f 7]ufgf_
===================== -gufl/stf g+=_
dfly pNn]v eP adf]lhd ===============a:g] ============== sf] jfl/; e} sfd ug{
d]/f] d~h'/L 5 . ;f] sfdx? d OdfGbf/L k"j{s ug]{5' . d jfl/; x'g s'g} k|sf/n]
cof]Uo 5}g .
ldlt =========================
===========================
bf= af= -;xL_
cf}nfsf] 5fk ===========================-k"/f gfd_
========================= -k"/f 7]ufgf_
============================== -gufl/stf g+=_
of] jf/];gfdf xfd|f] /f]xa/df n]lv ;xL5fk ePs]f ;fFrf] xf] .
183
;fIfLx?
bf= af = -!_ ======== a:g]========jif{====sf] ==== n]vs ;fIfL
cf}7fsf] 5fk
-@_=========a:g]=========jif{====sf] ==== n]vs ;fIfL
cg';"rL – #&
-bkmf !)^ sf] pkbkmf -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
;fIfLn] lng] zkysf] 9fFrf
d OZj/sf] gfddf zky lnG5'÷========================================= ls ;Tolgi7f ;lxt

k|lt1f ub{5' .
==================================== lj?4 ==================================== sf]
========================================================== d'2fdf d}n] b]v,] hfg] / ;'gs
] f] Joxf]/f
;a} ;fFrf] aofg ug]{5', s'g} s'/f n'sfpg] jf 9f6\g] 5}g / cbfnt tyf d'2fsf
kIfx?sf] tkm{af6 ;f]lwPsf] ;a} k|Zgx?s]f b]v], hfg] / ;'g] ;Ddsf] ;xL pQ/ lbg]5' .
em'¶f 7x/] sfg"g adf]lhd ;hfo xf];\ .
-zky lng]sf] ;xL5fk_ zky u/fpg]sf] ;xL5fk M
184
cg';"rL – #*
-bkmf !)^ sf] pkbkmf -#_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
;fIfL jskqsf] 9fFrf
d'2f ==========================================
;fn=================================================================gDa/
========================================================lj?4 ============================
;fIfL ===================================================================== sf] askq
k|Zg / ltgsf] hjfkmx?
k|Zg M– tkfO{Fsf] / tkfO{Fsf] afa' cfdfsf] gfd s] xf] < hjfkm – =============
xf]÷tkfO{Fsf] pd]/ slt < k]zf s] xf] < 3/ ==============================
sxfF 5 < =============================
askq ug]{ AolQmsf] ;xL5fk askq u/fpg] sd{rf/L÷GofofwLzsf]

;xL5fk
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
b|i6Jo M d'2fsf kIfx?n] h'g qmdn] ;f]wk'5, lh/x jf k'gM ;f]wk'5 u/]s]f xf] ;f] qmdn]
k|Zgx? / ltgsf] hjfkm n]Vg' k5{ / ;fy} cbfntn] z'?df, lardf jf cGTodf
;fIfL;Fu s'g} k|Zg ;f]w]s]f eP ;f] k|Zg / To;sf] hjfkm klg qmd ldnfO{ n]Vg' k5{ .

185
cg';"rL – #(
-bkmf !)& sf] pkbkmf -$_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
aGb;jfnsf] 9fFrf
==========================================af6 k7fOPsf] aGb;jfn

d'2f================================================================
=============================;fnsf]==================== == ldlt ===========================
======================================================================== jfbL
lj?4
=====================================================  k|ltjfbL
;fIfLsf] ===================================== sf]  askq
k|Zg M– tkfO{Fsf] / tkfO{Fsf] afa' cfdfsf] gfd s] xf] < hjfkm – ================
tkfO{Fsf] pd]/ slt xf] < k]zf s] xf] < 3/ =====================
sxfF 5 < ==================================
kIfx?sf]] ;xL5fk  askq ug]{ JolStsf] ;xL5fk  askq u/fpg] sd{rf/L÷

GofofwLzsf] ;xL5fk
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
;fIfL;Fu s'g} k|Zg ;f]w]sf] eP ;f] k|Zg / To;sf] hjfkm klg qmd ldnfO{ n]Vg' k5{ .

186
cg';"rL–$)
-bkmf !)( sf] pkbkmf -^_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
>|Jo b[Zo ;+jfb -lel8of] sGkm/]G;_ dfkm{t ;fIfL a'em]sf] clen]vsf] d'r'Nsfsf] 9fFrf
jfbL ----------------------------- k|ltjfbL -----------------------

ePsf] ------------ d'2fdf jfbL÷k|ltjfbLsf] ;fIfL cbfntdf pkl:yt x'g g;sL cbfntsf]
------------ cfb]zn] ------------ a:g] ;fIfL ----------nfO{ xfdL tkl;nsf AolQmsf
/f]xj/df >Jo b[Zo ;+jfb -lel8of] sGkm/]G;_ dfkm{t a'lemPsf] 7Ls ;fFrf] xf] .
/f]xj/M :yfgLo txsf ;b:o jf k|ltlglwsf] gfd, y/ / x:tfIf/,

:yfgLo AolQmsf] gfd, y/ / x:tfIf/,
;fIfLsf] gfd, y/ / x:tfIf/,
cbfntjf6 vl6O{ cfPsf sd{rf/Lsf] gfd, y/ / x:tfIf/,
k|fljlws sd{rf/Lsf] gfd, y/ / x:tfIf/,
jfbL, k|ltjfbL jf lghsf] jf/]z gfd, y/ / x:tfIf/,
jfbL, k|ltjfbLsf] sfg"g Joj;foL eP gfd, y/ / x:tfIf/,
:yfg,
ldlt

187
cg';"rL–$!
-bkmf !!% sf] pkbkmf -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
g]kfn aflx/ /x]sf] ;fIfL a'e\mgsf] nflu k|of]u x'g] aGb;jfnsf] 9fFrf
==========================================af6 jfbL
============================== k|ltjfbL =======================ePsf] =================================d'2fdf
========================= d'n'sdf /x]sf ==================================== gfddf k7fOPsf]
aGb;jfn
d'2f ================================================================
======================= ;fnsf] ======================== ldlt ===========================
======================================================================== jfbL
lj?4
===================================================== k|ltjbL
;fIfLsf] ===================================== sf] askq
k|Zg M– tkfO{Fsf] / tkfO{Fsf] afa' cfdfsf] gfd s] xf] < hjfkm – ========
tkfO{Fsf] pd]/ slt 5 < k]zf s] xf] < 3/ ===============
sxfF 5 < ==================================
aGb;jfn ePsf] d'n'ssf] gfd M

 askq ug]{ JolStsf] ;xL5fk  askq u/fpg] clwsf/L
;xL5fk
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
;fIfL;Fu s'g} k|Zg ;f]w]sf] eP ;f] k|Zg / To;sf] hjfkm klg qmd ldnfO{ n]Vg' k5{ .

188
cg';"rL–$@
-bkmf !@@ sf] pkbkmf -*_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
k|ltpQ/kqsf] 9fFrf
cbfntn] eg]{
btf{ g+= =========
btf{ ldlt M ==================
=============== df bflvn u/]sf]
k|ltpQ/kqsf] 9fFrf
============================================= ;fn sf] kmf}=ld=g+= ====================== a:g] jif{
================ sf] ======================================= cleo'Qm .
lj?4
====================== a:g] jif{ ================== sf] =========== ph'/jfnf
d'2f ==========================
pko'{Qm ph'/jfnfn] dnfO{ nufPs]f cleof]usf ;DaGwdf d]/f] Joxf]/f
lgDglnlvt 5 .
!======================================
@======================================
#======================================
k|df0f
;fIfL
!====================================== ;fIfLx?sf] k"/f gfd, pd]/ / 7]ufgf
@======================================
#======================================
lnvt
!======================================
@======================================
======================================hGd e} ===========================================
a:g] ============================== sf] 5f]/f÷5f]/L÷kTgL ==========================
189
jif{sf] ======================================
ldlt ====================================== cleo'Qmsf] ;xL5fk
190
cg';"rL–$#
-bkmf !#! sf] pkbkmf -#_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
k}m;nfsf] 9fFrf
====================================================== cbfnt
====================================================================sf] Ohnf;
k}m;nf
====================================d'2f ================= ;fn =================gDa/

lj?4
======================================= ======================
!= ============== =========== =================================== ==================
======================== ==================== ================ ============
-ph'/Lsf] d'Vo Joxf]/f_
@= ============== =========== =================================== ==================
======================== ==================== ================ ============
-cleo'Qmsf] aofg jf k|ltpQ/kqsf] d'Vo Joxf]/f_
#= ============== =========== =================================== ==================
======================== ==================== ================ =========
-cbfntn] lg0f{o lbg' kg]{ s'/fx?_
$= ============== =========== =================================== ==================
======================== ==================== ================ ============
-sf/0f ;lxtsf] cbfntsf] lg0f{o_
%= ============== =========== =================================== ==================
======================== ==================== ================ ============
^= ========= -sfg"g adf]lhd Kof/f]n jf k|f]j]zgdf 5f]8\g ldNg] gldNg] s'/f_
========================================================================================================
==============================================================
191
-cGo cfjZos s'/fx?_

ldlt ============================= ===============================
GofofwLzsf] ;xL5fk
192
cg';"rL–$$
-bkmf !#@ sf] pkbkmf -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
k}m;nfsf] ;"rgfsf] 9fFrf
====================================== af6
================================================ nfO{ lbOPsf] k}m;nfsf] ;"rgf

-kIfsf] k"/f gfd / 7]ufgf_
======================== d'2f ========================== ;fn=============== gDa/ lj?4

==================================================================================================================
======
pko'{Qm d'2fdf ======================== ldltdf o; ========== ============= af6 =================
============= ============= ============== =============== ======= =====
-lg0f{osf] d'Vo Joxf]/f_
===================== ================================================ k}m;nf ePsf]n] tkfO{FnfO{ ;"lrt
ul/Psf] 5 .
===========================
-cbfntsf] 5fk_ -;"rgf k7fpg] clwsf/Lsf] ;xL5fk _
ldlt M ===========================
193
cg';"rL – $%
-bkmf !#^ sf] pkbkmf -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
k'g/fj]bgkqsf] 9fFrf
cbfntn] eg]{
btf{ g+= =========
btf{ ldlt M ==================
======================================= df lbPsf]
k'g/fj]bgkq
klxnf
=======================================;fnsf] ====================== k'g/fj]bg g+=
bf]>f]
=================================================a:g] ===============================================
k'g/fj]bs
ph'/jfnf . cleo'Qm
lj?4
======================= a:g] ====================== k|ToyL{÷ph'/jfnf÷cleo'Qm
d'2f ===========================================
===========================================n] =================================== pk/f]Qm d'2fdf
d÷xfdLx?nfO{ =============================== ;hfo u/L lauf]] jf Ifltk"lt{ e/fpg] u/L
k}m;nf u/]sf]n] k}m;nf adf]lhd ePsf] ;hfo ef]uL÷;f] afkt w/f}6÷hdfgt lbO{ lrQ
ga'e]msf] s'/fdf k'g/fj]bg lbg cfPsf] 5'÷5f}F÷d]/f]÷xfd|f] Joxf]/f lgDglnlvt 5 M–
!======================================
@======================================
#======================================
$======================================
ldlt ============================= k'g/fj]bssf] ;xL5fk
gfd M
7]ufgf M
194
cg';"rL – $^
-bkmf !$) sf] pkbkmf -^_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
k|ltjfbsf] 9fFrf
cbfntn] eg]{
btf{ g+= =========
btf{ ldlt M ==================
======================================= df lbPsf]
k|ltjfb
klxnf
=======================================;fnsf] ================= k'g/fj]bg g+=
bf>f]
=================================================a:g] ===============================================k|ToyL{
ph'/jfnf÷cleo'Qm
lj?4
====================================a:g]===================================================================
ph'/jfnf÷cleo'Qm============================== k'g/fj]bs
d'2f ===========================================
pk/f]Qm d'2fdf ===================cbfntaf6 k|ltjfb k]z ug{ ;"rgf kfPsf]n] of] k|ltafb
k]z u/]sf] 5'÷5f}F . d]/f]÷xfd|f] Joxf]/f lgDglnlvt 5 M–
!======================================
@======================================
#======================================
$======================================
===================
ldlt ====================================== k|ToyL{sf]
gfd M
7]ufgf M
;xL5fk
195
cg';"rL–$&
-bkmf !%) ;Fu ;DalGwt_
k'g/fj]bg k}m;nfsf] 9fFrf
====================================================== cbfnt
====================================================================sf] Ohnf;
k'g/fj]bg k}m;nf
================================ d'2f ====================== ;fn ============ gDa/

====================================================== == lj?4 =======================
-k'g/fj]bssf] k'/f gfd / 7]ufgf_ -kToyL{sf] gfd / 7]ufgf_
! ========================================================================
-k'g/fj]bssf] d'Vo Joxf]/f_
@= =================== ====================================================
-k|ToyL{sf] d'Vo Joxf]/f_
#= ========================================================================
-h'g k}m;nf pk/ k'g/fj]bg ul/Psf] xf] ;f] k}m;nfsf] d'Vo Joxf]/f_
$= ========================================================================
%= ========================================================================
-sf/0f ;lxt cbfntsf] lg0f{o_
ldlt =============================
=============================
GofofwLzsf] ;xL5fk
196
cg';"rL – $*
-bkmf !%) ;Fu ;DalGwt_
;fws k}m;nfsf] 9fFrf
================================================ cbfnt
=============================================================sf] Ohnf;
;fws k}m;nf
=======================================================d'2f ====================== ;fn ================

gDa/
====================================================== ====================== lj?4
===============================
! =======================================================================
-ph'/Lsf] d'Vo Joxf]/f_
@= ========================================================================
-cleo'Qmsf] aofg . k|ltpQ/kqsf] d'Vo Joxf]/f_
#= ======================================================================
$= ====================================================================
-;fws hfx]/ ug]{ cbfntsf] k}m;nf_
%= ========================================================================
-sf/0f ;lxt cbfntsf] lg0f{o_
ldlt ============================= =============================== GofofwLzsf]

;xL5fk
197
cg';"rL –$(
-bkmf !%! sf] pkbkmf -$_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
k}m;nf adf]lhd kqmfp ug]{ cfb]zsf] 9fFrf
====================================================== af6 hf/L ePsf]
cfb]z
========================================================================= k|x/L sfof{no

=========================================================== a:g] ==================== nfO{
========================================================================== df o; cbfnts]f k}m;nf
adf]lhd
================================================= ePsf]df lgh km/f/ /x]sf] x'Fbf lghnfO{
oyfzSo rfF8f] kqmfp u/L ============================================ sf/fuf/sf] sfof{nodf
a'emfO{ lbg cfb]z lbOPsf] 5 .
ldlt =============================
===============================
GofofwLzsf] ;xL5fk
cbfntsf] 5fk
198
cg';"rL – %)
-bkmf !&! ;Fu ;DalGwt_
lnvt kl~hsfsf] 9fFrf
================================================ lj?4 ============================
d'2f ==================================================;fn ===================== sf] ld=g+=
=======================================================================
lnvtx?sf] lnvtx?sf] 5f]6s/L lnvt bflvn lnvt bflvn sd{rf/Lsf]
qmd;ª\Vof ljj/0f ug]{ kIfs]f ePsf] ldlt ;xL5fk
gfd
tof/ ug]{sf] ;xL5fk k|dfl0ft ug]{sf] ;xL5fk
b|i6Jo
लामो शीर्षक, विधि धिमाषण सुत्र, दफा १ को उपदफा (१), दफा २ को खण्ड (ङ), दफा ३ को उपदफा
(१) तथा अिुसूची–१ बाहेक अन्यत्र ठाउँ-ठाउँमा रहेको "ऐि" भन्ने शब्दको सट्टा "सं वहता" भन्ने शब्द
राखी रुपान्तर गररएको छ ।
199

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d'n'sL kmf}hbf/L sfo{ljlw ;+lxtf, @)&$

;+jt\ @)&$ ;fnsf] P]g g+= #&

@= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;Ën] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; ;+lxtfdf,–

clwsf/L ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] s'g} vf; s;"/sf] ;DaGwdf

-$_ c+z, ck'tfnL, bfg as;, OR5fkq, ;+/Ifs, dfyj/,

-#_ ;/sf/L jsLnsf] /fo lnO{ bkmf #^ adf]lhd yk bfaL

@#@, @##, @#%, @#*, kl/R5]b–@) sf] bkmf @$$, kl/R5]b–

-&_ cg';"rL–@ df plNnlvt s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg ug{ sfg"gdf s'g} clwsf/L

:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æzf/Ll/s ?kdf c;dy{Æ eGgfn] lxF88'n

-!)_ o; bkmf adf]lhd vfgtnf;L lng] clwsf/Ln] vfgtnf;Laf6 k|fKt

-u_ cleo'Qm a;f]af; u/]sf] ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsf, j8f g+=,

sf/afxLdf ;xof]u gk'¥ofPdf lghn] o; bkmf adf]lhdsf] ;'ljwf kfpg ;Sg]

:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æ;fgfltgf q'6LÆ eGgfn] cleo''Qmsf] gfd,

-v_ cfk\mgf] gf]s/Lsf] l;nl;nfdf cGoq vl6Psf] jf ljb]zdf /x]sf]

-r_ s;"/ ;DaGwL ljj/0f,

-3_ s;"/ ug]{ dg;fon] s'g} rLhj:t' /fv]sf], a]r]sf] lbPsf] jf

-u_ To:tf] AolQmsf] gfddf jf Psn :jfldTjdf /x]sf] pBf]u,

-r_ cbfntsf] cfb]z adf]lhd nfu]sf] b08, hl/afgf, bzf}+b, la;f}Fb

kl/l:yltn] tf]lsPsf] tfl/vdf pkl:yt x'g g;Sg] cj:yf

-#_ ;fIfLsf] jskqnfO{ k|df0fsf] ?kdf d"NofÍg ubf{ pkbkmf

pkef]usf j:t'df ljif ld;fPsf], ljif k|of]u u/L jf q'm/,

-*_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k'g/fj]bg, ;fws

-^_ pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhdsf] aofg clen]v e} ;s]kl5 To:tf] clen]vdf

-ª_ cbfntn] pko'Qm 7x¥ofPsf] cGo cj:yfdf .

To:tf] cleo'Qmsf] xsdf cbfntsf] tkm{af6 lgo'Qm sfg"g Joj;foLaf6 lghsf]

-#_ cg';"rL–$ adf]lhdsf] d'2fsf ;Gbe{df pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf

-!!_ d'2fsf] sf/afxLsf] l;nl;nfdf k'g/fj]bg ug]{ AolQm afx]s c? s;}sf]

t/ k'g/fj]bg / ;fwssf] Pp6} k}m;nf ug'{ kg]{ cj:yfdf cg';"rL–$&

-#_ o; bkmfdf cGoGq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k|ltjfbLsf] ;ª\Vof

t/ c7f/ jif{ pd]/ gk'u]sf] afnaflnsf s;"/bf/ 7xl/Psf]df lghnfO{ g]kfn

-`_ tLg jif{eGbf a9L s}b ;hfo x'g] nfu"cf}ifwsf] cf];f/k;f/ jf

-s_ kf“r xhf/ ?k}ofFb]lv bz xhf/ ?k}ofF;Ddsf] ljuf] afkt Ps

-$_ o; bkmf adf]lhd /f]Ssf ePsf] ;DklQ pk/ c? s;}sf] xs eP To:tf]

-`_ k}m;nf ug]{, jf clGtd cfb]z lbg] .

-s_ dxfGofoflwjQmfn] tf]s]sf] sDtLdf /fhkqflÍt

-@!_ kl/R5]b –@@ / @#

-k|x/L sfof{nosf] gfd / 7]ufgf_ btf{ g+= M–

ljifo =============================================== ;DaGwL s;"/ af/] .

=================================== sf] ldlt ======================sf] b/vf:t jf ;"rgf k|fKt eO{ o;

sfof{nosf] 5fk M– b/vf:t÷;"rgf btf{ ug]{ k|x/L sd{rf/L M–

tof/ ug]{sf] gfd b:tvt

tkfO{FnfO{ ============================================ s;"/sf] cg';Gwfgsf] l;nl;nfdf kqmfp

tkfO{FnfO{ ======================= s;"/ssf] cg';Gwfgsf] l;nl;nfdf tTsfn kqmfp ug'{

tkfO{FnfO{ =================================== hfx]/L÷k|ltj]bgn] ====================== s;"/sf]

>L k|x/L sfof{no -kmnfgf 7fpF_ df cg';GWffg clwsf/L ===================================kmnfgf

============================================= sf] hfx]/Ln] jfbL g]kfn ;/sf/ k|ltjfbL

a/fdbL, vfgtnf;L ;d]tsf] sfd tfd]n ug{ vl6Psf cg';Gwfg clws[t M

5. Gender: 6. Age, Date of Birth:

7. Dead body identified by:

(1)…………… (2) …………... (3) ……….. (4) …..……

RELEVANT DETAILS (Mention brief history of the case regarding

EXTERNAL EXAMINATION (General observation of the dead body):

(6) Special identifying features (Huliya):

(7) Post-mortem changes present:

(b) Livor mortis:

(c) Algor mortis/Cooling:

(d) Different signs of decomposition:

(8) Natural orifices:

Specimen Collected For Analysis (Mention preservative also)

Special Examination (Procedures like neck dissection, pelvic

4. Opinion on live birth or still birth: