sIff M !! jflif{s k/LIff @)&( n]vs, kf7s / efjs Pscsf{sf k"/s x'g\ .

logLx¿ cfb/0fLo dfq

k""0ff{ª\s M &% xf]Og ;DdfggLo klg x''G5g\ . logLx¿sf] k|efj ;dfh kl/jt{g Pjd\ ;
+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf ;d]t k/]sf] x'G5 . pgLx¿nfO{ ;a}n] :jfut / ;Ddfg
ljifo M clgjfo{ g]kfnL ;do M # 306f
ug'{k5{ .
-v_ tn lbOPsf] cg'R5]baf6 b''O{–b''O{cf]6f ;d:t / lå?St zAb klxrfg
!= tnsf] cg''R5]bdf /]vfª\sg ul/Psf j0f{x¿sf] pRrf/0f k|oTg / :yfg
u/L ;d:t zAbnfO{ lju|x ug'{xf];\ / låTj zAbdf vlK6Psf] c+z 5'6\
klxrfg u/L n]Vg''xf];\ M #
ofpg'xf];\ M
;+:s[ltleq s'g} hfthfltsf njfOvjfO, e]ife""iff, efiff, bz{g,dfGotf / ljZjf;
xfdL ca efGbfOsf s''/f ;'gf}F, w]/} jfbljjfb gu/f}F . xfdL k|ltlbg emg\
n''s]sf x'G5g\ . hftLo ljljwtfleq ;f+:s[lts ljljwtf x''G5 . ;+:s[ltsf]
emg\ /f]un] u|:t aGb} uPsf 5f}F . To;}n] cf–cfˆgf af/L;f/Ldf nufPsf
ljz]iftf hftLo k[ystf klg xf] .
t/sf/Lsf] k|of]udf hf]8 u/f}F . ljifo'Qm vfgf;fgf TofUg] sfd u/f}F .
@= tnsf] cg'R5]bnfO{ z''4 u/L k''gn]{vg ug'{xf];\ M #
-u_ tn lbOPsf] cg'R5]baf6 rf/cf]6f ;lGwo'Qm zAb klxrfg u/L ;lGw
vf]nfsf] wf/ nfO{ kmsf{pg ;Sg] pT;fx ;fx; / sd{jfbL ;f]r eosf kl/5gx¿
ljR5]b ug'{xf];\ M
af:tjdf ;Rrf dflg; x'g\ / pgLx¿ ufpFsf OHht x'g\ . pgLx¿ ljgfsf] ufpF
g/]zn] cTofrf/ ;xg ;s]g . pm ;""of]{bo x''g''cufj} af}4 u''Dafdf k''Uof]
d?e'lddf k/L0ft x'g a]/ nfUb}g .
/ b}lgs e]6 x'g] u''?nfO{ e]6\of] . p;n] u'?nfO{ ?Fb} ;fx''sf]
#= tnsf] cg'R5]bdf /]vfª\sg ul/Psf zAbsf] kbju{ klxrfg u/Ln]Vg'xf];\
cTofrf/sf] s''/f ;''gfof] . p;sf] ?jfOn] u''?sf] dg 5f]of] . u''?
M@
n] ;fx''nfO{ ;DemfPkl5 ;fx''n] g/]zsf] b''O{ dlxgfsf] sdfO lbof] .
;fdflhs sfo{df nfu]sf] JolQm ;w} OdfGbf/, ;/n / ;xof]uL u'0fn] o''Qm
&= tnsf b''a} k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M @±@ Ö $
x''g''k5{ . pgLx¿sf] Jojxf/ t ;a}nfO{ k|efj kfg{] vfnsf] x'g'k5{, x}g /
-s_ tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ k'lnª\u eP :qLlnª\u / :qLlnª\u eP k''lnª\udf ?
<
kfGt/0f u/L n]Vg'xf];\ M
$= tnsf b''a} k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vg''xf];\ M @±@ Ö $
sfsf kf]v/f hfg''eof] . pxfFn] cfˆgL alxgLnfO{ Pp6f pkGof;
-s_ tnsf] cg''R5]baf6 b''O{–b''O{cf]6f tT;d / cfuGt's zAbx¿ klxrfg u/L
NofOlbg''eof] . pm pkGof; k9\g kfpFbf v';L eO{ . p;sf dfdfnfO{ klg
n]Vg'xf];\ M
pkGof; ;f/} dg k¥of] .
;fgL ofqLsf] k|tLIfdf nfdf] ;do latfpF5] . pm;Fu To;a]nf df]afOn,
-v_ tnsf jfSodf k|o'Qm k|yd k'?ifnfO{ låtLo k''?if / låtLo k'?
kmf]g, Nofk6k, sDKo'6/ h:tf ;~rf/sf ;fwgx¿ lyPgg\ . a; klg gePsf]
ifnfO{ t[tLo k''?ifdf kl/jt{g u/L k'gn]{vg ug'{xf];\ M
Tof] ;dodf p;sf cfFvfn] k}bnofqLnfO{ k|s[ltsf] b""/;Dd b[li6 k''¥ofP/
xfdLx¿ Pscfk;df ldn]/ a:g ;s]df xfd|f] k|lti7f a9\5 . d of] s'/fdf d]/f]
vf]lh/xG5g\ .
Jojxf/ b]vfpF5' . ltd|f] ;dfhdf ltdL s;/L k|ltli7t aGg ;S5f}F < ltdLn]
-v_ tn lbOPsf zAbx¿nfO{ zAbsf]zsf] j0ff{g''qmddf ldnfP/ n]Vg'xf];\
of] s'/fdf Wofg k''¥ofpg''k5{ .
M
*= s'g} Ps k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M $
x+z, sfNklgs, cfFug, If]q
-s_ tnsf jfSodf p2]Zo, p2]Zo lj:t/, ljw]o Pjd\ ljw]o lj:tf/ klxrfg u/L
%= tn lbOPsf] cg'R5]baf6 s'g} tLgcf]6f kfl/eflifs tyf k|fljlws zAb
n]Vg'xf];\ M
klxrfg u/L ltgnfO{ jfSodf k|of]u ug'{xf];\ M #
p;sL alxgL c;n l5g\ . w]/} a]/kl5 dgdf v';L e/]/ pm sfdlt/ nfUof] .
efiff ofb[lR5s jfSk|tLsx¿sf] To:tf] Joj:yf xf], h;sf ;xfotfn] ;dfhdf
ufpFdf p;sf] sfd uhasf] b]lvG5 . c;n alxgL kfpFbf / sfddf /dfpFbf pm
JolQmx¿ cfˆgf] ljrf/ ljlgdo u5{g\ . efiffnfO{ :ki6 ¿kdf lrGg o;sf k|s[lt
;w}el/ v';Ln] hLjg latfpF5 .
/ ljz]iftfx¿sf] pNn]v ug'{ cem ;fGble{s 7xl/G5 . efiff k""0f{tM
-v_ tnsf jfSonfO{ s/0f eP cs/0f / cs/0f eP s/0f jfSodf kl/jt{g ug'{xf];\
k}t[s ;DklQ geO{ dflg;sf] cflh{t ;DklQ xf] .
M
^= s''g} b''O{ k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M @±@ Ö $
cfh w]/} udL{ 5 . pgLx¿n] kª\vf rnfPsf 5}gg\ . kfgL k/] cln zLtn
-s_ tn lbOPsf] cg'R5]baf6 pk;u{ / k|Too Jo''TkGg b''O{–b''O{cf]6f
x''GYof] .zLtn gx'Fbf sfd ug{ kfOPg .
zAb klxrfg u/L ltgLx¿sf] lgdf{0f k|lqmof b]vfpg'xf];\ M
(= tnsf b''a} k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\M $±$ Ö*
-s_ lbOPsf] cg'R5]b k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M
laxfg} ldld{/ pHofnf] ePkl5 xfdL /f/f tfn x]g{, 5'g / To;af6 cfgGb
lng /f/fs} 5]pdf k''Uof}F . lsgf/df 5rlNsFb} cfpg] /f/f tfnsf a]tfn
nx/x¿ a}F;n] 5rlNsPsf x'g\ of xfdL;Fu lk/tL ufF:g xtfl/Psf x''g\,
xfdLnfO{ 7Dofpg ufx|f] k¥of] . ;f}Gbo{ x]g{ cfpg] hlt ;f/f
ko{6sx¿sf] lbn rf]g]{ hfb''doL /f/fsf] dfbstfdf gn7\l7g] sf]xL
x''Fbf /x]g5g\ . slj d=aL=aL= zfxsf] …/f/f ls cK;/fÚ eGg]
sljtf ;Dem]kl5 dnfO{ nfUof], /f/fdf t zf;snfO{ ;d]t Ps}
gh/df ;flxTosf/ / slj agfOlbg ;Sg] hfb'' klg /x]5 . cfkm"" slj geP klg
dnfO{ /f/fsf h''g s''g} b[Zo sljtfsf ;''Gb/ kª\lSt nflu/x] . ;DklQ, ;'v /
j}ejsf k5fl8 s''b\bfs''b\b} s[lqdtfsf] d}nf]n] s6sl6Psf] dfgj
dgnfO{ wf]OkvflnlbP/ k|fs[lts dfG5] agfpg] hfb'' klg log} /f/fdf /x]5
. ;''Gb/tf o:tf] j:t'' /x]5 h;nfO{ hlt x]/] klg gc3fOFbf] /x]5 / cem} ef]s
hflu/xFbf] /x]5 .
k|Zgx¿ M
-c_ /f/f tfnsf a]tfn nx/x¿ s:tf lyP <
-cf_ /f/fn] zf;snfO{ klg s;/L slj agfpg ;Sbf] /x]5 <
-O_ /f/fsf] ;''Gb/tfnfO{ lsg hfb'' elgPsf] xf] <
-O{_ o; cg'R5]df /f/fsf] k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{sf] j0f{g s;/L ul/Psf] 5 <
-v_ lbOPsf] cg'R5]b k9L l7s pQ/ klxrfg u/L n]Vg'xf];\ M
ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7gsf] kl/efiffcg'';f/ /fd|f] :j:y eg]sf] /f]u jf b''a{ntfsf]
cefj dfq geP/ zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s / ;fdflhs ¿kn] k'""0f{ tGb''?:tLsf] cj:yf
xf] . h''g b]zsf gful/sx¿ :j:y x''G5g\, To:tf] b]zsf] k|ult b|''tt/ x''G5 .
s''g} klg b]zsf] :jf:Yo l:ylt slt ;an 5 eGg] s'/f ToxfFsf
gful/sx¿df ;''tL{hGo kbfy{sf] k|of]usf] l:ylt, pRr /Strfk tyf
df]6f]kgsf] l:ylt -:jf:Yodf hf]lvd_, z''4 kfgLsf] pknAwtf, cf};t cfo'',
s''kf]if0fu|:t hg;ª\Vofsf] k|ltztsf ;fy} b''3{6gf, åGå jf k|fs[lts ljklQ h:tf
cGo sf/0faf6 x''g] d[To''sf] cj:yf cflbdf lge{/ x''G5 . o:tf ;""rssf
cfwf/df ;+;f/s} ;a}}eGbf /fd|f] :jf:Yo l:ylt ePsf] b]zsf] ¿kdf :k]gnfO{
lnOG5 .
k|Zgx¿ M
-c_ …b''a{nÚ / …;""rsÚ zAbsf cy{ ============x''g\ .
!_ alnof] / dfGo @_ sdhf]/ / hfgsf/L lbg] #_ ;Ifd / b]lvg]
$_ v/fa / kl/lrt
-cf_ dflysf] cg''R5]b s''g ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt 5 <
!_ :jf:Yo @_ hg;ª\Vof #_ e""uf]n $_ jftfj/0f
-O_ dflysf] cg''R5]bdf pk;u{ / k|Too nfu]/ ag]sf zAb s''g–s''g x'g\ <
!_ /Strfk / ;an @_ :k]g / cfwf/#_ /fd|f] / cefj $_ s''kf]if0f / ;fdflhs
-O{_ b]zsf] k|ult x''g] k|d'v cfwf/ s] xf] <
!_ k|fs[lts ljklQ gx''g'' @_ gful/s :j:y x''g''
#_ z''4 kfgL pknAw x''g'' $_ b''3{6gf / åGå sd x''g''
!)= tn lbOPsf] cg''R5]baf6 d''Vo d''Vo rf/cf]6 a''Fbf l6kL Ps
t[tLof+z ;f/f+z n]Vg''xf];\ M @±@Ö$
g]kfnnfO{ ;u/dfyfsf] b]z dfq xf]Og, gbLgfnfsf] b]z klg elgG5 .
g]kfndf 7''nf, demf}nf / ;fgf u/L kfFr xhf/eGbf a9L
gbLgfnfx¿ aUb5g\ . oLdWo] clwsf+z lxdfnosf lxdhnaf6 ;d]t
kl/kf]lift eO/x]sf 5g\ . g]kfnaf6 aUg] gbLgfnfx¿af6 !&) c/a So''ljs
ld6/ kfgL aUg] u5{ . o;sf] vf; pkof]lutf xfdLn] lng ;s]gf}F clkt''
cfˆgf] b]zsf] d""Nojfg\ df6f]nfO{ o;n] l;l~rt u/]sf] 5 . :jb]zdf /x]sf hn
;Dkbfx¿n] oxfFsf] e""ldnfO{ dfq geO{ cem o;sf] of]ubfgsf] 7''nf]
lx:;f b]zaflx/ /x]sf] s''/f ;j{ljlbt} 5 . o;/L ;DefJo cfly{s d]?b08sf
¿kdf /x]sf] hn ;DkbfnfO{ pkof]udf NofO{ b]zdf ljBdfg vfBfGg,
pmhf{ / cGo ;d:ofx¿sf] lg/fs/0f ug''{ cfhsf] 7''nf] r''gftL /x]sf] 5 .
b]zsf] cfly{s ljsf;sf nflu ljB''t\ zlQm dxTTjk""0f{ k""jf{wf/ dfq xf]
eg] o;df hn ;Dkbfsf] ;jf]{kl/ b]g x''G5 . g]kfndf pknAw hn ;Dkbfaf6
k|r''/ dfqfdf hn ljB''t\ zlStsf] ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] u''Ghfo; ePsf] / sf]Onf,
UofF;, vlgh, t]n cflb cGo zlStsf] ;|f]t kQf nlu g;s]sf] x''Fbf g]kfndf
cfjlws of]hgfsf] yfngLb]lv g} hn ljB't\'s} ljsf; ug]{tkm{ hf]8
lbOPsf] xf] t/ o; qmddf xfdLn] lgs} nfdf] af6f] lxF8\g afFsL 5 .
!!= s''g} Ps k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vg''xf];\ M $
-s_ ufpFsf] ljsf;sf nflu kof{j/0fd}qL ;8s cfjZos 5 eGg] s'/f
v'nfpFb} ;fyLnfO{ lr7L n]Vg'xf];\ .
-v_ tkfO{Fsf] ljBfnodf ;DkGg ul/g] jflif{sf]T;j tyf cleefjs lbjzsf] cj;/df
tof/ kfl/g] lgdGq0ff kqsf] gd''gf agfpg'xf];\ .
!@= s''g} Ps k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M $
-s_ cfˆgf] 6f]ndf ;DkGg d}qLk""0f{ km''6an k|ltof]lutf;DaGwL Pp6f k|
ltj]bg tof/ kfg''{xf];\ .
-v_ …hnjfo'' kl/jt{gsf r'gf}tLÚ zLif{sdf Pp6f jSt[tf tof/ kfg''{xf];\ .
!#= g]kfndf ;do ;dodf P/f]Kn]g b''3{6gfaf6 7''nf] wghgsf] Iflt ePsf
b''Mvb 36gfx¿ ;''Gg'' k/]sf] 5 . s]xL lbg cufl8 tf/f Po/sf] hxfh
b'''3{6gfaf6 @! hgf ofq'n] Hofg u''dfpg'' k/]sf] lyof] . o:tf]
kl/j]zdf g]kfndf xjfO b''3{6gf /f]Sgsf nflu s] ug'{knf{ < slDtdf !@
% zAbdf cfˆgf] k|ltlqmof n]Vg''xf];\ . $
!$= s''g} b''O{ k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg''xf];\ M @×$ Ö* -v_ g]kfnsf] kof{ko{6gsf] ljsf;sf nflUf :yfgLo ;d'bfo tyf ;/sf/sf] e"ldsf
-s_ tnsf] sljtf+z k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M pNn]v ug'{xf];\ .
l8urf{df 8f]a ltd|f] lr;f] lxpFleq xf]nf !^= s''g} Ps zLif{sdf @%) zAb g36fO{ lgaGw n]Vg'xf];\ M *
j]qfjtL lsgf/el/ kf}/vsf] lrgf] xf]nf -s_ d]/f] b]z M d]/f] ;j{:j -v_ lzIffdf k|ljlwsf] dxTTj
jL/ k''vf{ Û ltdLnfO{ ldt]/Ln] dfq} afFWof] -u_ g]kfn / cGt/f{l6««o ;DaGw .
;fu/ t/L ;+;f/el/ jL/ k''vf{ /ut aUof] .
k|Zgx¿ M ;dfKt
-c_ xfdLn] xfd|f k'vf{sf] uf}/j s;/L hf]ufpg ;S5f}F <
-cf_ …jL/ k'vf{ Û ltdLnfO{ ldt]/Ln] dfq} afFWof]Ú o; sygsf]
tfTko{ s] xf] <
-v_ tnsf] syf+z k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ n]Vg''xf];\ M
Tof] t[i0ff, Tof] cgGtsfnLg k|tLIff, Tof] lbgx''Fsf] cEo:t lg/fzfsf]
wSsf To;sf] ;f;df ldl;O;s]sf] lyof] . ToxL To;sf] hLjg lyof], ToxL
To;sf] hLjgqmd . To;}nfO{ ;dft]/ Tof] cfˆgf] hLjg u[x:yLsf] u[lx0fL
lyO{, cfˆgL ;f;"sL a'xf/L / kf]OsL hf]O{ . t/ sbflrt\ s'g} x7ft\
clezfkn] ToxL l5GgleGg ul/lbPsf] cj:yfdf klg Tof] ;fgL rflxg]
u[lx0fL, a'xf/L / nf]Ug]sL :jf:gL eO/xg ;SnL < s'g x[boaf6 o:tf] cfzf
ug]{ <
k|Zgx¿ M
-c_ ;fgLsf] k|tLIffn] p;sf] s:tf] dgl:yltnfO{ b]vfPsf] 5 <
-cf_ ;fgLsf] hLjgdf s] s:tf ptf/r9fjx¿ b]lvG5g\ <
-u_ lbOPsf] gf6\of+z k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgx¿sf] 5f]6f] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M
km]l/ csf]{ cfkmGtsf] cfudg eof] . jfx Û b''lgofFdf s]jn b''O6} dfG5]
/fd|f x''Fbf
/x]5g\, Pp6f d/]sf] dfG5], clg csf]{ hlGdFb} ghGd]sf] dfG5] .
cl3;Dd d}n] Tof] dg]{ s]6fnfO{ cefuL x''g ;S5 eGg] ;f]r]sf] lyPF . t/
Tof] clxn] unt ;flat eof] . clxn] h;sf tLg tLg hgf t afp g} lgl:s;s] .
Pp6L l;ª\u} cfdf t k|s6 eO;lsg\ . s] yfxf, lbgel/df cem} slt
afpcfdfx¿ cfpg] x''g\ <
k|Zgx¿ M
-c_ n3'gf6sdf cfkmGtsf] cfudg eO/xg'sf] sf/0f s] xf] <
-cf_ …d/]sf] jf ghGd]sf] dfG5] /fd|f] x'G5Ú eGg] ljrf/
tkfO{FnfO{ s:tf] nfUof] < cfˆgf] ts{ lbg'xf];\ .
!%= s''g} Ps k|Zgsf] ;dLIffTds pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M *
-s_ ;dfh ;'wf/ / ;Tolgi7fsf] :yfkgfdf of]udfofn] u/]sf ;+3if{ /
of]ubfgsf] ;dLIff ug'xf];\