Educational Management Information System

Unit -2
Educational Management Information
System (EMIS)
-z}lIfs Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL_

Specific Objective
1. Define & describe the concept of EMIS
-z}lIfs Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf cjwf/0ffsf] kl/efiff lbg / JofVof
ug{ ._
2. Describe components, structure & objectives of EMIS
-z}lIfs Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] c+u, ;+/rgf / p2]Zo JofVof ug{ ._
3. Explain the step of EMIS
- z}lIfs Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf r/0fx? j0f{g ug{ ._
4. State the relation between school education & EMIS
-ljBfno lzIff / z}lIfs Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] ;DaGw atfpg ._
5. Explain the use of EMIS in educational management with
example & practice
-z}lIfs Joj:yfkgdf EMIS sf] k|of]u pbfx/0f / eO/x]sf] cEof; ;lxt JofVof ug{ ._
6. Describe school management information system as types,
quality, dimensions, use and importance.
-z}lIfs Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL ;"rgf k|sf/, u'0f:t/, cfod, k|of]u / dxTjsf]
cfwf/df j0f{g ug{ . _
 Title :
2.1. Concept of EMIS
2.2. Component of EMIS
2.3. Structure of EMIS
2.4. Objectives of EMIS
2.5. Steps of EMIS
2.6. Relation between School Education & EMIS
2.7. Use of EMIS in educational management
2.8. School management information system
2.8.1 Types of information
2.8.2 Information quality
2.8.3 Dimensions of information
2.8.4 Identification and use of information
2.8.5 Importance of Information for school improvement.
1. Concept of EMIS -z}lIfs Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] cjwf/0ff_
lzIff ;Fu ;DalGwt ;a} lsl;dsf ;"rgfnfO{ Jojl:yt lsl;dn] ljleGg ;"rssf]
dfWodaf6 k|blz{t u/L 7Ls;Fu Joj:yfkg ug]{ t/Lsf, ljlw jf k|0ffnLnfO{ z}lIfs
Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL (EMIS) elgG5 . lzIff If]qdf ;~rfng x'g] ljleGg
z}lIfs Joj:yfkg sfo{sf] hl6ntfnfO{ sd ug{ z}lIfs Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL
cfjZos x'G5 .
ljleGg z}lIfs of]hgf lgdf{0f ug]{, d"Nof+sg ug]{, cg'udg ug]{ cflb sfo{sf] nflu
EMIS sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'G5 , cfhsf] ablnFbf] o'udf lzIffsf] nIo / p2]Zo
Hofb} km/flsnf] aGb} uPsf] cj:yfdf EMIS g} Ps To:tf] ljsNk xf] h;n] To;
;DaGwL cfjZos ;"rgf k|bfg ub{5 .
z}lIfs tYof+s rflxg] JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ ;xL / pkof]u ug{ ;lsg] vfnsf] ;"rgf
lbg'kb{5 . z}lIfs Joj:yfkgsf nflu rflxg] tYof+s ;+sng ug]{ / pknAw u/fpg]
Joj:yf jf k|0ffnLnfO{ z}lIfs Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL elgG5 . - New Era
lzIff;Fu ;DalGwt ;a} lsl;dsf ;"rgf tyf tYof+sx? Jojl:yt lsl;dn] ljleGg
;"rsx?sf] dfWodaf6 k|bfg u/L 7Ls;Fu Joj:yfkg ug]{ ljlw jf k|0ffnLnfO{ EMIS
elgG5 . - BPEP sf] z}lIfs Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL;DalGw tflnd k'l:tsf

An Educational Management Information System is a means of

collection, analyzing and reporting of information for better
management of educational enterprises. - lzIffzf:q ;+sfo

EMIS consist of data production, policy analysis and decision

making subsystems. - Boediono - 1998

The process that transforms input in the form of raw data into
output comprising mainly of timely, silent and useful informations
called EMIS. - UNESCO (1992)
k|of]u / k|rngdf EMIS nfO{ lgDg $ a'Fbfaf6 kl/eflift ug{ ;lsG5 M
1) An overall system for providing relevant and timely information
to decision makers.
2) A systematic process that transform input in the form of raw
data into output comprising mainly of timely, silent and useful
information.
3) A systematic process of transforming education data to reliable,
valid and timely information which can be used for educational
planning and policy development process.
4) A systematically organized group of information and
documentation services that collects, processes, stores, analysis
and disseminates information for educational planning and
management and aids in the use of such information.
dfyLsf] ljleGg kl/efiff cg';f/ EMIS nfO{ lgDg a'Fbfaf6 k|i6 kfg{
;lsG5 M
❖ Integration of Information
❖ Optimum utilization of resources
❖ Avoid parallel efforts and duplication
❖ Solve the problem of conflicting information
❖ Coordination of activities
❖ Quality of information
❖ User friendly analysis and interpretation
❖ Decentralization of information systems
❖ participation of stakeholders
EMIS sf] ljsf; M
z}lIfs Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;qmdnfO{ lgofNbf lgDg % txx?nfO{
ljrf/ ug'{ ;fGble{s x'G5 M
1. Manual summary
2. Electronic summary
3. Statical information style
4. Management Information style
5. Decision support system
z}lIfs Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] lgdf{0f, k|of]u, ;+/If0f Pj+ Joj:yfkg clt
dxTjk"0f{ kIf xf] . EMIS sf] k|To]s txsf k|efjsf/L Joj:yfkg ug'{ kb{5 . k|To]s
txdf ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x? Jojl:yt 9+uaf6 ug'{kb{5 . z}lIfs Joj:yfkg ;"rgf
k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yfkgsf ljljw kIfnfO{ ;b}j Vofn ug'{k5{ . EMIS sf] ;an / b'a{n
kIfaf/] ;b}j ;r]t / ;ts{ x'g'kb{5 . EMIS sf] ;'/Iff / ;+/If0f klg cTofjZos
s'/f xf] .
The International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP – UNESCO) df
Implementation of an EMIS sf] ?kdf lgDg kIfnfO{ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 M

!_ z}lIfs Joj:yfdf ;"rgf k|0ffnL ckgfpFbf o;sf ljleGg r/0fx?

tYof+s ;+sng, tflnd, cWofjlws tYof+s ;+sng, tYof+s pknAwtfdf
cfOkg]]{ ;d:of / r'gf}ltx? cflbdf Vofn ug'{ kb{5 .

@_ EMIS sf] ljsf;sf] qmddf coverage, accuracy,

interpretability & timeliness h:tf kIfnfO{ ;b}a Vofn ug'{k5{ .

#_ EMIS sf] nflu nfUg] nfutsf] lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 . To;sf] nflu

cfly{s tyf dfgjLo ;|f]t s] s:tf] cfjZos kg]{ xf] ;f] af/] Vofn ug'{
kb{5 .
ljZj a}s
+ n] EMIS sf] jt{dfg cjwf/0ff ;DaGwdf lgDg kIfdf hf]8 lbPsf] 5 M

1. Data Collection : tYof+s ;+sngsf] k|lqmofsf] ljsf; / o;sf

nflu cfjZos ;'wf/sf] of]hgf tof/ ug]{ .
2. Estimating Cost : hgzlQm, tflnd, ofGqLs cflbdf s] slt vr{
nfUg] xf] / Tof] sxfFaf6 h'6fpg] xf] lglZrt x'g'kb{5 .
3. Sustainability : EMIS sf] lg/Gt/tfsf] nflu Joj:yfksLo
tflnd, sfof{Gjog k|lqmof, jf:tljs d"Nof+sg / cg'udg, :yfgLo
cfjZostf / ck]lIft pknAwLnfO{ hf]8 lbg'k5{ .
4. Concluding Remarks : ;"rgfsf] ;+If]kLs/0f ug]{, ;fj{hlgs
ug],{ k|of]u tkm{ hf]8 lbg], yk cWoogsf] nflu ;'emfj lbg] h:tf s'/fdf
Vofn ug'k{ 5{ .
2. Component of EMIS -z}lIfs Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] c+ux?_
z}lIfs Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL (EMIS) sf k|d'v c+ux? lgDg cg';f/ j'Fbfut
JofVof ul/G5 M
s_ tYof+s (Data) : EMIS sf] ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ c+u tYof+s xf] . tYof+ssf]
cfwf/df ;xL / e/kbf]{ ;"rgfsf] hGd x'G5 . z}lIfs tYof+s :jo+ ;fWo eg] x}g .
of] lzIff If]qsf] l:yltsf] hfgsf/L u/fpg] / pQm If]qsf] cg'dfg ug{ ;xof]u
k'¥ofpg] Ps cf}hf/ dfq xf] . lzIff If]qdf s:tf sfo{ eO/x]sf 5g\ / eljZodf
s:tf of]hgfx? agfpg'kg]{ xf] ;f] sf] nflu z}lIfs tYof+s pkof]lu x'G5 .
lgDg l;4fGtsf cfwf/df z}lIfs tYof+sx? ;+sng ul/g' kb{5 M
!_ ;+sng ul/g] tYof+s kl/eflift / k"0f{ x''g' kb{5 .
@_ tYof+s ;xL, z'4 / ;dodf pknAw x'g] x'g' kb{5 .
#_ tYof+s cfjZostf eGbf a9L ;dfj]z gul/Psf], pkof]lu x'g' kb{5 .
$_ k|of]ustf{nfO{ ljgf emGem6 tYof+s pknAw x'g'kb{5 .
v_ tYof+ssf] k|zf]wg (Processing of Data) : EMIS sf] csf]{
dxTjk"0f{ kIf ;+slnt tYof+ssf] pko'Qm ?kdf k|zf]wg ug'{ xf] . k|fKt
tYof+snfO{ tflnsfa4 ug]{, ;"rLa4 ug]{, k+lQma4 ug]{, cy{k0" f{ agfpg],
pkof]lu agfpg], k|of]uof]Uo agfpg] sfo{ ug'{ kb{5 .
h;/L sRrf kbfy{nfO{ Pp6f d]l;gdf k|zf]wg u/]/ tof/L ;fdu|L pTkfbg
ul/G5 To;}u/L EMIS sf] If]qdf klg sf]/f cyjf cfkm}Fdf cy{ glbg]
tYof+snfO{ a'em\g ;lsg], JofVof / ljZn]if0f ug{ ;lsg] agfpg'' cfjZos
x'G5 . cfh k/Dk/fut k|ljlwsf] ;fy} cTofw'lgs k|ljlwsf] k|of]uaf6 ;d]t
tYof+ssf] k|zf]wg ug]{ ul/G5 .
sRrf tYof+snfO{ cfjZos k|zf]wg u/]/ k|of]u of]Uo eP kl5 ;"rgf tof/
x'G5 . t;y{ h'g k|of]hgsf] nflu ;"rgfsf] cfjZosftf kg]{ xf], ;f]xL cg'?k
tYof+s ;+sng ug'{ kb{5 / cfjZos kg]{ ;"rgfsf] dfu cg';f/ k|zf]wg ug'{
kb{5 . ;"rgfsf] u'0f:t/ / k|sf/ ;+slnt tYof+sdf lge{/ ub{5 .
u_ k/LIf0f (Check) : ;+slnt tYof+ssf] ljleGg 9+un] hfFr ug{ ;lsG5 .
tYof+s ;xL 5 5}g, tYof+s bf]xf]/f] x'g], ck'/f] x'g], unt x'g] h:tf ;d:ofsf]
lg/fs/0fsf] nflu k/LIf0f sfo{ cfjZos / pkof]lu x'G5 . ;"rgfsf] ;|f]tdf
cfpg] ;d:ofsf] lg/fs/0fsf] nflu tYof+s k/LIf0f sfo{ ul/G5 .
3_ tYof+s ;+u|x jf tYof+s e08f/0f (Record file Data bases) :
;+slnt tYof+ssf] k|zf]wg kl5 cfjZos k/]sf] a]nf cfjZos ;"rgf k|fKt
ug{sf] nflu To;sf] em08f/0f ug]{ sfo{ ul/G5 . Timely, Quality &
Necessary information cfjZos kgf{;fy k|fKt ug{ j}1flgs,
cfw'lgs Pj+ Jojl:yt ?kdf ;"rgfsf] ;+u|x ug'{ kb{5 .
rfx] Manual based df xf];\ of Computer based df xf];\
k|efjsf/L Pj+ Jojl:yt ?kdf tYof+s jf ;"rgfsf] eG8f/0f ug'{kb{5 . o;sf
nflu kmfOlnª\u k4lt Hofb} ;'/lIft, uf]Ko / Jojl:yt x'g' kb{5 .
ª_ z}lIfs Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] ;fwg (EMIS Tools) : ;"rgfsf]
k|sf/, k|s[lt, dxTj, k|of]u Pj+ cfjZostfsf cfwf/df o;sf] k|of]u, ;+ro,
lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjog cfjZos x'G5 . To;} cg'?k ;"rgf ;+sng ug]{
sfo{sdsf nflu ;fwgsf] 5gf}6 ug'{ cfjZos x'G5 . s;/L ;"rgf Jojl:yt
ubf{ ;lhn} / rfF8} k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5, ;f]xL ;fwgsf] pkof]u ug'{ /fd|f] x'G5 .
cf}hf/sf] pkof]u ;"rgf e08f/0fsf] uf]Kotf, ;'/Iff, :yfloTjsf] ;fy} ;"rgf
Jojl:yt ug{ nfUg] ;do, ;|f]t, ;fwg cflbnfO{ ;d]t Vofn ug'{k5{ .
;fdfGotof ;fwgnfO{ lgDg @ k|sf/df ljefhg ul/G5 M
1. Hardware tools - Computer, Printer, Scanner, Modem,
digital camara etc.
2. Software Tools - Query language, Electronic spread
sheets, Graphics, word process, Database management
system etc.
5_ ;"rgf (Information) : EMIS sf] ;a} eGbf dxTjk"0f{ kIf
k|efjsf/L Pj+ cy{k"0f{ ;"rgfsf] lgdf{0f ug'{ xf] . ;"rgf tYok/s, Jojl:yt /
e/kbf]{ x'g'kb{5 . ;"rgf k|of]u ug{ ;Sg], JoVof ljZn]if0f ug{ ;Sg], a'em\g
;Sg] x''g' kb{5 .
pko'Qm ;a}eGbf ;/n / e/kbf]{ ljlw ckgfO{ ;+sng ul/Psf] tYof+snfO{
cfjZostf cg';f/ k|zf]wg u/]/ k|of]u of]Uo eP kl5 ;"rgf aGb5 . o;/L
tof/ ePsf] ;"rgfnfO{ plrt Joj:yf u/L ;xL ;dodf ;xL ;"rgf pknAw
x'g] 9+un] Joj:yfkg u/]kl5 ;"rgfsf] ljsf; x'G5 .
h_ k|of]u (Use) : EMIS k|0ffnLnfO{ cfjZostf cg';f/ k|of]u ug'{ kb{5 .
EMIS sf] ;+sng tyf ljZn]if0f To;sf] sfof{Gjogdf lge{/ ub{5 . ;+slnt
;"rgfnfO{ ;fj{hlgs u/L ;"rgf cfjZos kg]{ JolQm tyf ;+:yfn] cfjZos
k/]sf] a]nf cfjZos ;"rgfsf] ;/n 9+un] k|of]u ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf
u/fpg'kb{5 . ;"rgfsf] cfjZostf tyf dxTjnfO{ Vofn u/L ;"rgfsf]
k|of]unfO{ ljz]if hf]8 lbg'k5{ .
3. Structure of EMIS -z}lIfs Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] ;+/rgf_
A. EMIS sf] ;+u7g (Organization of EMIS) : EMIS sf] k|efjsf/L
;+u7gsf] nflu lgDg kIfnfO{ ljz]if Vofn ug'{ k5{ M
1. An integration of one or more EMIS centers and
development different levels of data interaction.
2. Develop linkage central, regional, district and other
specialized agencies.
3. Each level of data interaction performs complete range of
information activities.
4. Each EMIS Centre should be equipped to perform these
tasks.
EMIS sf] ;+u7gsf ljlwx? (Aspect of EMIS Organization) :
s_ ;+:yfut sfo{9fFrf M
1. coordination and linkage among different educational
agencies - horizontal as well as vertical
2. Integration of information is important
3. Avoidance of duplication, Standardization of procedures.
4. Dissemination and feedback.
5. Apex -zLif{_ EMIS, Centre- Central level.
6. Three types of EMIS Centers
• Comprehensive area type
• Specialized function type
• Specialized information type
v_ ;"rgfsf] df]8 jf If]q M
1. Computerized or manual database
• Statistical data bank - enrollment, school, teacher,
finance, physical facilities, literacy etc. by level of
education, types, age, grade, urban/rural,
district/region etc.
• text book, curriculum, management etc.
2. Information obtain from other sources (population,
households, production, employment, lobour market etc.)
u_ ;~rfngfTds cfjZostfx? M
1. Determination of goals and objectives of EMIS
2. Identification of information needs
3. Development of data specification
4. Evaluation of data cost
5. Organization for data collection, processing and storage
6. Establishment of information, communication channels,
network and procedures.
7. Preparation, publication and dissemination of operation
manual & user guides.
8. Training
B. ;~hfn ;+/rgf (Network Structure) :
EMIS n] /fli6«o lzIff k|0ffnL cGtu{t ;~rflnt ;a} k|sf/sf z}lIfs sfo{qmdx?,
z}lIfs k|lqmof, kl/of]hgf cflb sfo{x?sf] of]hgf agfpg], cg'udg ug]{, d"Nof+sg
ug]{ cflb sfo{sf] nflu rflxg] tYof+s ;+sng u/L s]Gb|Lo tx / dftxtsf
sfof{nonfO{ cfjZos ;"rgf pknAw u/fpF5 . o;n] lzIffsf] Input, Process
& Output sf Indicators ;DalGw tYof+s lg/Gt/ ?kdf ;+sng ub{5 . o:tf
;"rgfx? ;a} txdf sfof{Gjogdf cfpF5g\ . EMIS ;~hfn ;+/rgf leq lgDg
s'/fx? cfpFb5g\ M
1. More linkages and access with other information centers and
sources.
2. Closing the gaps between isolated centers or potential
subsystem.
3. Sharing of resources, costs and maintenance.
4. Decentralized distribution of facilities and service points.
5. Comparison and sharing of gained experience.
4. Objectives of EMIS -z}lIfs Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] p2]Zo_
lr/fu4f/f tof/ kfl/Psf] :jfWoog ;fdu|L k|yd Kofs]h cg';f/ EMIS sf] p2]Zo M
!_ ;"rgfs} cfwf/df ljleGg dxTjk"0f{ gLlt tyf of]hgfx? lgdf{0f ug'{ .
@_ ljleGg z}lIfs of]hgf agfpg, gLlt lgod agfpg' .
#_ z}lIfs sfo{snfk ;~rfng / Joj:yfkgdf ;+nUg ;a} lgsfox? ljr tfnd]n
/ Ps?ktf sfod ug'{ .
$_ ljleGg z}lIfs, k|fl1s Pj+ k|zf;lgs sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' .
%_ z}lIfs If]qsf] jf:tljs l:ylt hfgsf/L u/fpg' , cg'udg / d'Nof+sgdf
;xof]u k'¥ofpg' .
^_ z}lIfs l:yltsf] t'ngf ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' .
&_ ljleGg z}lIfs tyf cg';Gwfgd""ns sfo{ ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' .
*_ hg;d"bfosf] ;jf{ª\uL0f ljsf;df lzIffsf] s] s:tf] k|efj k/]sf] 5 sf] cjut
u/fpg' .
UNESCO sf] EMIS Module df EMIS sf] p2]Zo lgDg cg';f/ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 M
1. World trends in education :
• rapid expansion in the size and coverage.
• more complex goals and objectives in education programmes.
• increased pressure for more efficient use of resources due to
constrained financial support.
• increased accountability requirements for the donor community.
• The improved availability of relatively low cost interactive technology.
2. New role of educational planners :
• be sensitive to the general concern of policy makers.
• operationalize these concerns into researchable questions.
• built and manage information systems.
• analyze and interpret information systems.
• provide policy options to address the policy concerns.
3. Decision making and information
4. Contribution of EMIS to effective educational planning.
Champman 1990 sf cg';f/ MIS sf] p2]Zo lgDg cg';f/ 5 M
1. Providing data that are used directly to secure or allocate
resources.
2. Constraining bad decisions.
3. Detecting inefficient resources use.
4. Supporting mechanisms that off set the impact of resource loss.
Education the world bank sf cg';f/ EMIS sf] p2]Zo lgDg cg';f/ 5 M
Why do clients want new or improved EMIS?
1. Change in leadership
2. Donor intervention
3. Broder reform efforts
4. Improving internal efficiency
5. Modernization efforts
6. Accountability efforts
;du|df EMIS sf] p2]Zo lgDg cg';f/ pNn]v ug{ ;lsG5 M
!_ z}lIfs u'0f:t/ sfod ug'{ .
@_ lzIffdf ul/Psf] nufgLsf] cg'kftdf pknlAw xfFl;n ug'{ .
#_ lzIffdf hgzlQm lgdf{0fsf] cfwf/ tof/ ug'{ .
$_ dfgjLo ;|f]t, ;fwg / ;dosf] ;xL ;bkof]u ug'{ .
%_ ef}lts ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug'{ .
^_ pkof]lu, k|of]ufTds Pj+ hLjgf]kof]uL lzIff ;~rfng ug'{ .
&_ z}lIfs d'Nof+sg tyf cg'udg sfo{ k|efjsf/L agfpg' .
*_ z}lIfs of]hgf lgdf{0f / ;~rfng ug{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg' .
5. Steps of EMIS -z}lIfs Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] r/0fx?_
k|of]u / k|rngdf Steps of EMIS lgDg cg';f/ k|:t't ul/Psf] kfOG5 M
W Windham n] EMIS sf] lgDg Construction of MIS df
% r/0f pNNf]v u/]sf 5g\ M lgDg ^ j6f a'Fbfx? pNn]v
!= cfjZostfsf] klxrfg ul/Psf] kfOG5 M
@= tYof+s ;+sng 1. System Analysis
#= tYof+ssf] k|zf]wg / ljZn]if0f 2. System design
$= ;"rgfsf] cfjZostf lgwf{/0f 3. Programming
%= ;"rgfsf] pkof]u 4. Documentation
5. System testing and
installation
6. Production
8f= /f];g lrqsf/sf sf cg';f/ Major steps involved in EMIS df
lgDg a'Fbfx? k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 M
1. Identification of basic indicators.
i) Two categories of indicators
( Primary & Secondary indicators)
ii) criteria for assessing indicators
(relevance, usability & feasibility)
2. Designing and development of forms for enumeration of
data (pre testing)
3. Data collection (census & sample survey)
4. Data analysis
5. Output of EMIS and its use
The International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP –
UNESCO) sf cg';f/ steps of EMIS nfO{ lgDg cg';f/ a'Fbfut JofVof
ul/G5 M
!_ z}lIfs Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] ;Gbe{ (EMIS Context) M o; r/0fdf
ljleGg lg0f{ostf{ lar ;e]{ ug]{, cf}krfl/s ?kdf lg0f{ostf{;Fu cGtjf{tf{ lng],
;"rgf k|of]ustf{sf] /fo a'em\g,] ljleGg JolQmsf] ljrf/ ;'Gg], ljleGg ;~rf/
dfWodsf] cfsif{0f ug]{ h:tf sfo{x? u/L ;"rgfsf] af/]df ljleGg wf/0ff tyf gLlt
lgod agfpg] sfo{sf] yfngL x'G5 . h;af6 ;"rgfsf] ;xL ;Gbe{ cWoog ug{
;lsG5 .
@_ sfd ug]{ t/Lsf (Operationalization) M o; r/0fdf lgld{t k|ZgfjnLnfO{
ljleGg c+u / p2]Zosf] cfwf/df ljefhg ul/G5 . o;/L k|Zgx?nfO{ sfo{ut ?kdf
ljefhg ubf{ s] s:tf] ;"rs ckgfpg], s'g nlIft ;d"x jf pk ;d"xsfnflu k|Zg
tof/ ug]{, tYof+s s'g txdf s;/L ljZn]if0f ug]{, s'g lg0f{o ljGb' lgwf{/0f ug]{,
lg0f{o ljGb'nfO{ s] s;/L kl/eflift ug]{ h:tf s'/fx?sf] Vofn u/L tof/ ul/Psf]
k|ZgfjnLnfO{ cfjZostf cg'; ' f/ pkof]udf NofOG5 .
#_ tYof+s 9fFrf / ;|f]tx? (Data format & sources) M o; r/0fdf ljleGg
;|ft] af6 ;+slnt ;fdu|LnfO{ lglZrt 9fFrf tyf kmd{df /fVg' k5{ . jt{dfg tYof+s
slt pko'Qm 5, s] slt j}w 5, s] slt pkof]lu 5 ;f] sf] Vofn ul/ tYof+s s'g}
ljB'tLo / s'g} sfuhL 9fFrfdf k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 . s] k|of]hgsf] nflu tYof+s
cfjZos kg]{ xf] ;f] lglZrt ug'{kb{5 / ljleGg If]q jf txaf6 cfPsf ;"rgfx?nfO{
Jojl:yt 9+un] /]s8{ ug'{kb{5 .
$_ tYof+s ;+u|x (Data Collection) M tYof+sf] ;+u|xlagf ;"rgfsf] sfo{ ck"/f]
x'G5 . tYof+s ;+sng ubf{ ;+snsnfO{ ljleGg k|ZgfjnL tyf ;fdu|Lx?sf] Joj:yf
ug]{, cfjZos tflndsf] Joj:yf ug]{, ljleGg kmf/fdsf] gd"gf k|bfg ug]{, tYof+s
;+sngsf] cfjZostf, cf}lrTo tyf dxTj k|i6 kfg]{, :yfgLo txdf g} ;xL :yfg /
JolQmaf6 tYof+s ;+sng ug]{ h:tf sfo{df ljz]if Vofn ug'{ k5{ .
tYof+s ;+sngsf] qmdsf k[i7kf]if0fsf] pkof]udf Wofg lbg], kf/blz{tfnfO{ hf]8 lbg],
tYof+s ;s];Dd ;sf/fTds ?kdf lng], tYof+s gf; gug]{, cgfjZos tYof+s lng
;do / ;fwg vr{ gug]{, cWofjlws tYof+s lng], jf:tljs tYof+s lng] h:tf
s'/fdf o; r/0fdf Vofn ug'{ kb{5 .
%_ 8f6f lgdf{0f (Database building ) M o; r/0fdf ;+slnt tYof+snfO{
Jojl:yt 9fFrfdf /fVg'kb{5 . sf]/f tYof+snfO{ k|zf]wg ug'{ k"j{ tYof+ssf] k|s[lt
cg';f/ PsLs[t ug]{, ;fd"lxs/0f ug]{, Jojl:yt ug]{ h:tf sfo{ ug'{ kb{5 . o;sf
nflu kmfOlnª\u jf sDKo"6/sf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . ljleGg zLif{s / pkzLif{sf]
cfwf/df tYof+snfO{ 5'§} Jojl:yt ug'{ kb{5 .
^_ 8f6f Joj:yfkg (Data Management) M o; cj:yfdf tYof+snfO{ ;~ro
ug]{, tYof+s ;kmf;Fu /fVg], lglZrt qmd / 9fFrfdf /fVg] sfo{ ug'{ kb{5 . cZostf
cg';f/ Data nfO{ Sort, Filter, merge u/L kl5 cfjZos k/]sf] a]nf pkof]u
ug{ ;lhnf] xf];\ eGg] lx;fan] /fVg' k5{ .
&_ tYof+s k|zf]wg (Data Processing) M EMIS sf] dxTjk"0f{ r/0f tYof+s
k|zf]wg xf] . k|fKt tYof+snfO{ k|zf]wg ug]{ ljleGg k|lqmofx? ljsf; ePsf 5g\ ,
tYof+ssf] lsl;d, k|s[lt, ;"rgfsf] cfjZostf, k|of]u / dxTjsf] cfwf/df
Statistical analysis, Examination of quality, data used for
projection and simulation cflb ljlw jf k4tL ckgfO{ tYof+ssf] k|zf]wg
ug{ ;lsG5 .
*_ k|ltj]bg (Reporting) M hj tYof+ssf] k|zf]wg sfo{ ;lsG5, To;kl5 pQm
tYof+snfO{ pko'Qm 9fFrfdf k|:t'lts/0f ug]{, lgisif{ lbg], ;f/f+z tof/ ug]{ h:tf
dxTjk"0f{ sfo{ ug'{kb{5 . h'g k|of]u / k|of]hgn] tYof+s ;+sng ul/Psf] lyof]
To;;Fu ;DalGwt JolQm / ;+:yf ;fd' To;sf] k|:t'lts/0f ug]{ / a'emfpg] sfo{ ug'{
kb{5 . k|:t'lts/0f a'em\g / ljZn]if0f ug{ ;Sg] x'g'kb{5 . o;n] tYof+ssf] ;d:of
/ ;dfwfgsf] ;'emfj ;d]t lbg'kb{5 .
(_ gLltut sfof{Gjog (Policy input) M k|ltj]bg tof/L k5L EMIS sf] clGtd
r/0f sfof{Gjogsf] r/0f xf] . k|ltj]bg w]/} aG5g\ t/ sfof{gjog sd} x'G5g\ .
ljleGg pkof]stf{ / lg0f{ostf{x?nfO{ ;dfj]z ul/ agfOPsf] ;"rgf k|ltj]bgx?nfO{
To;sf] Jojxfl/stf / pkof]lutfsf] lx;fan] sfof{Gjog ug'{ kb{5 . sfof{Gjogsf]
qmddf ljleGg k[7kf]if0f k|fKt ub}{ cfjZostf cg';f/ ;"rgfdf ;'wf/ / yk36 ug{
;lsG5 . of] clGtd r/0f eP klg EMIS sf] r/0fx? rlqmo ?kdf k'g bf]xf]/L
/xG5 . / lg/Gt/ ?kdf ;"rgf k'gM kl/dfh{g / kl/is[t x'Fb} cfpF5 . sfo{Gjogsf]
qmdsf gLlt lgdf{0fsf nufgLsf] ?kdf of] lg/Gt/ rln/xG5 .
6. Relation between school education & EMIS
-ljBfno lzIff / EMIS lar ;DaGw_
z}lIfs Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL Pp6f System xf] . o; leq ljleGg pk
k|0ffnLx? ;+rflnt x'G5g\ . z}lIfs ;+:yfsf ljleGg lgsfo tyf zfvfx?nfO{
cfjZos ;"rgf ;+sng ug{ ljleGg Sub-system x? ;~rfng ePsf x'G5g\ .
h:t} Financial Information System, Teacher Information
System, Student Information System cflb ljBfno lzIff k|0ffnLdf
;~rflnt Sub-system x'g\ .
o;/L Pp6f System leq ljleGg Sub-system sf] ;fy} ljleGg lgsfox?
lar /x]sf] Sub-system ldn]/ Pp6f k"0f{ System lgdf{0f x'G5 . Pp6} ;+:yfn]
;a} System x? sfof{Gjog ubf{ ljleGg ;d:ofx? pTkGg x'g'sf ;fy} o:tf]
System n] ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ cfjZos ;"rgfx? ;d]t pknAw u/fpg g;Sg]
x'gfn] cfkm\gf] cfjZostf cg'?k ljleGg System x? ljBfno lzIff k|0ffnLdf
klg ;~rflnt x'G5g\ .
z}lIfs Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL df /x]sf] System / Sub-system nfO{
lgDg cg';f/ rf6{ df b]vfpg ;lsG5 .
ljBfno lzIff / EMIS aLr ;DaGw b]vfpg] qmddf M. Saito & P. Dias
Da Grace n] lgDg School data & file unit sf] gd'gf k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ M

dflysf] tflnsfdf ljBfnosf] /lh:6/ dfkm{t EMIS sf] d"n k|jfx b;f{pg ;lsG5
. ;f] cg'?k g} ljBfnodf ePsf lzIfs, ljQo cj:yf, ef}lts ;'ljwf, ljBfyL{
;+nUgtf, cgf}krfl/s sfo{qmd, k7\oqmd k/LIff tyf afXo ;]jf ;'ljwfx? s]s:tf
5g\ hfgsf/L /fVg ;lsG5 .
jf:tjdf EMIS eg]sf] ljBfno txaf6 z}lIfs tYof+s lzIff tyf dfgj;|f]t
ljsf; s]Gb|df k7fpg] / ToxfFsf ;"rgfx? lhNnf uf=kf= / ljBfno;Dd k'¥ofpg'
dfq x}g . of] t ;du| k|0ffnLnfO{ ;dGjo k|bfg ug]{ / ;DaGw :yfkgf ug]{ dfWod
klg xf] h;sf] nflu ljBfno lzIff k|0ffnLn] dxTjk"0f{ e'ldsf eg] v]Nb5 .
h;nfO{ tnsf] lrqaf6 cem k|i6 kfg{ ;lsG5 .
o:tf z}lIfs ;"rsx? e/kbf]{ t/Lsfn] pknAw u/fpg ;Ifd k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;sf
nflu ljBfno txdf lgDg kIfx?df Wofg lbg' kb{5 M
!_ lzIffsf /fli6«o p2]Zo / gLlt;Fu z}lIfs ;"rgf ljsf;sf] :ki6 ljZn]if0f /
;DaGw .
@_ cfjZos tYof+ssf] klxrfg
#_ tYof+s ;DalGw sfo{ ug]{ sfo{qmdsf] ljsf;
$_ tYof+s ;+sng / cg'udg kmf/fdsf] ljsf;
%_ tYof+s tyf ;"rgfsf] ;+sng
^_ tYof+s tyf ;"rgfsf] ;+sng
&_ tYof+s k|zf]wg
*_ k|ltj]bg tof/L, k|ltj]bgsf] k|af]lws/0f cyf{t k|ltj]bg dfly 5nkmn .
(_ k|fKt pknlAwsf] d"Nof+sg / n]vfhf]vf
!)_ k|fKt pknlAwx?nfO{ gLlt lgdf{0fdf k|of]u .
7. Use of EMIS in Educational Management
-z}lIfs Joj:yfkgdf EMIS sf] k|of]u_
z}lIfs Joj:yfkgdf z}lIfs nufgL, z}lIfs k|lqmof, z}lIfs pTkfbg h:tf
k|lqmofsf] Jojl:yt ;~rfngsf nflu EMIS sf] k|of]u cToflws dfqfdf x'g]
u/]sf] 5 . Joj:yfkg k|lqmofdf ljleGg kIfx? of]hgf, ;+u7g, :6flkmª\, lgb]{zg,
;dGjo, lgoGq0f cflb sfo{ df lg0f{o eO /xG5g\ . Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL n]
o:tf lg0f{o k|lqmofdf ;xof]u ul//x]sf] x'G5 .
EMIS sf] k|d'v p2]Zo lg0f{o sfo{df cfjZos kg]{ ;"rgf k|bfg ug'{ xf] . z}lIfs
;+:yfsf ljleGg txsf Joj:yfksn] ug'{ kg]{ sfo{ / lgjf{x ug'{ kg]{ e'ldsf :ki6
kfg{ EMIS sf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 .
u'0ffTds, ljZjf;gLo, ;xL, ;dofg's'n Pj+ jf:tljs tYof+s ;+sng, To;sf]
;xL k|zf]wg / cfjZos k[i7kf]if0fsf] cfwf/df tof/ kf/]sf] :t/Lo ;"rgfn]
k|efjsf/L z}lIfs Joj:yfkgsf nflu ;b}j ;xof]u ul//xsf] x'G5 .
:t/Lo EMIS n] z}lIfs Joj:yfkgsf] lgDg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5 M
!_ Jojxfl/s z}lIfs of]hgf th'{df ug{ tyf lzIff gLlt lgdf{0f ug{
@_ pko'Qm z}lIfs sfo{qmd lgdf{0f ug{
#_ kf7\ok':tssf] ;+Vof lgwf{/0f u/L k|sfzg / ljt/0f ug{
$_ cfjZos kg]{ z}lIfs ;+:yf :yfkgf ug{
%_ z}lIfs ah]6 tof/ ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg
^_ ljleGg k|s[ltsf] z}lIfs sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{
&_ lzIfs ;+Vof lgwf{/0f tyf b/alGb ldnfg ug{
*_ ljleGg z}lIfs of]hgf lgdf{0f, ;~rfng tyf cg'udg ug{
(_ lzIfs tflndsf] Joj:yf ug{
!)_ lzIf0f l;sfO{ sfo{df cfjZos ;xof]u k'¥ofpg
!!_ lzIff P]g tyf lgodfjnLnfO{ Jojxfl/s agfpg Pj+ ;d;fdlos kl/jt{g ug{
!@_ kf7\oqmd, kf7\ok':ts Pj+ cGo z}lIfs ;fdu|L lgdf{0f, ;+sng / kl/dfh{g ug{
!#_ lzIffdf ePsf] nufgL k|ltkmn t'ngf ug{ .
z}lIfs Joj:yfkgsf ljleGg txdf EMIS sf] k|of]u nfO{ lgDg tflnsfaf6 klg k|i6 kfg{
;lsG5 M
Steps in Decision
management
Planning A selection from various alternative strategies,
resources, method etc.
Organizing A selection of a combination out of several
combination of the goal, people, resources, methods
& authority.
Staffing Providing a proper manpower complement
Directing Choosing a method from the various methods of
directing the efforts for optimum results.
Co-ordinating Choice of the tools & techniques for co-ordinating the
efforts for optimum results.
Controlling A selection of the exceptional condition & the
decision guidelines.
 ljleGg k|zf;sLo tyf Joj:yfksLo txdf /x]sf JolQmx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] sfo{ k'/f ug{sf]
nflu ;"rgfsf] k|of]usf] cfjZostf kb{5 . h:nfO{ lgDg cg';f/ ;+If]kdf k|:t't ul/G5 .
tx sfo{ ;"rgfsf] cfjZostf
sIffsf]7fsf] != z}lIfs /0fgLlt, z}lIfs ;fdu|L != /fli6«o :t/sf] pb]Zo / cfwf/af6
lzIfs agfpg] / k/LIff ;+rfng kl/lrt x'g .
@= ljBfyL{sf] pknlAw, ;d:of / @= ljifout ljBfyL{sf] kl/0ffd hfGg
lzIf0fsf] k|ltlqmof klxrfg ug{ #= k|=c= / cleefjs;Fu ;Dks{ ug{
#= ljBfyL{nfO{ lgoldt agfpg /
cg'zfl;t /fVg
k|=c= != ljBfnosf] p2]Zo / /0fgLlt != /fli6«o p2]Zo / c? ljBfnosf]
tof/ ug{ tYof+s t'ngf ug{
@= ljBfyL{ egf{ / ;+nUgtfsf] @= ljBfyL{, lzIfs, sd{rf/L / ef}lts
cg'udg ug{ ;fwgsf] tYof+s /fVg
#= ljBfyL{sf] pkl:ylt tyf #= sIffut pknlAw cl3Nnf jif{sf] /
cg'zf;g lgoldt ug{ cGo ljBfnox?;Fu t'ngf ug{ .
$= lzIfssf] Joj:yfkg / $= lzIfssf] clej[l4, pTk|]/0ff /
;'kl/j]If0f ug{ tflndsf] cfjZostf cg';f/ Joj:yf ug{
tx sfo{
lzIff clws[t != ljleGg :t/sf] lzIffsf]
ljZn]if0f ug{
@= cfkm\gf] uf=kf=÷lhNnf txsf]
cg'dflgt ljBfyL{ egf{b/
ljZn]if0f ug{
#= ljBfnosf nflu cfjZos
;|f]tsf] klxrfg ug{
/fli6«o != lzIffsf] kx'Frsf] ljZn]if0f ug{
of]hgfsf/ @= cfGtl/s bIftf, If]qLo
c;Gt'ngsf] cj:yf cWoog ug{
#= lzIfssf] cfk"lt{ ug{
$= /fli6«o z}lIfs ah]6 lgdf{0f
ug{
;"rgfsf] cfjZostf
!= ljBfyL{sf] ;+nUgtf k|lt ljBfno
k|ltjif{sf] cWoog ug{
@= pd]/ ;d"xsf] egf{, k"j{ ljBfyL{
k|jfxb/ egf{b/ cWoog ug{
#= jt{dfg ;fwg / ;|ft] sf] cj:yf,
cfk"lt{ / dfusf] cj:yf cWoog ug{
!= ljBfno pd]/sf] hg;+Vof, k|yd
sIffdf egf{ -pd]/ut, If]qut ?kdf_ yfx
kfpg
@= egf{b/ plQ0f{b/, bf]xf]¥ofpg] /
5f8\g]sf] tYof+s kQf nufpg
#= ;+nUgtfsf] cg'dfg / lzIfssf] cfk"lt{
ug{
$= ljleGg If]qaf6 ul/Psf] dfu /
ah]6sf] jt{dfg l:ylt hfgsf/L ug{
ljBfno ;'wf/sf nflu EMIS sf] cfjZostf M
!_ tYof+ssf] klxrfg, ;+sng, k|zf]wg, k|jf]lws/0f / d"Nof+sg ug]{ Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug{
/ k|of]u ug{ . h;n] ubf{ z}lIfs of]hgfsf/ / k|zf;snfO{ e/kbf]{ / ;d;fdlos ;"rgf
k|fKt xf];\ .
@_ z}lIfs ;"rgfx?nfO{ u'0f:t/Lo, ;+ul7t / cy{k"0f{ agfpg .
#_ ;+u7g leq / aflx/ ;"rgfsf] k|jfxnfO{ t'?Gt lg0f{o lng ;Sg] u/L ljsf; ug{ /
;"rgfdf ePsf] bf]xf]/f]kgnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ / l/Qmtf k"lt{ ug{ .
$= z}lIfs pknlAwx?sf] cg'udg / z}lIfs nIox? to ug{ ljleGg z}lIfs ;"rsx?sf]
ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos tYof+sx? / ;"rgfx? pknAw u/fpg .
%_ gLltut 5nmnsf nflu cfZos ;"rgf pknAw u/fpg, z}lIfs k4tLsf] jt{dfg
cj:yf yfx kfpg ;DalGwt JolQm jf ;+3;+:yfnfO{ cfjZos ;"rgf pknAw u/fpg .
^_ tYof+sLo k|sfzg, k|ltj]bg tof/L, gLltut 5nkmn / z}lIfs ljsf;sf d'4fx?df
5nkmn ug]{ cfwf/ k|bfg ug{ .
&_ tYof+s;DalGw ljZn]if0f, tflnsf ljj/0f cflbsf] ljZn]if0f ug{ .
*_ k|To]s txdf ;"rgf k|0ffnL :yfkgf u/L To;nfO{ sfo{d"ns agfpg .
8. School Management Information System, SIMS
-ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL_
ljBfnosf] k|efjsf/L Joj:yfkgdf :t/Lo ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] cfjZos x'G5 . z}lIfs nIo
tyf p2]Zo k|flKtsf] nflu Joj:yfkgsf ljleGg tTj÷kIf tyf sfo{ lar k|efjsf/L
;"rgf ;~rf/ cfjZos x'G5 . ljBfno Joj:yfkgdf ;+nUg lgsfox? SMC, PTA, :yfgLo
lgsfo, NGO, INGO, cleefjs, DEO cflbsf] ;lqmo ;xeflut j9fpg kg]{ x'G5 .
ljBfno / ;d"bfo larsf] ;'dw'/ ;Dagw :yfkgfsf] nflu ljBfno ;d"bfodf k'Ug] /
;d"bfonfO{ ljBfnodf Nofpg] ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] cfjZostf x"G5 . Joj:yfkg sfo{df
;"rgfsf] s]Gb|Lo e"ldsf x'G5 eGg] s'/f Joj:yfksn] Vofn ug'{ kb{5 .
t;y{ oxfF ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLdf lgDd s'/fx?sf] cWoog ul/G5 M
!_ ;"rgfsf] k|sf/
@_ ;"rgfsf] u'0f:t/
#_ ;"rgfsf] lj:tf/ ÷ 9fFrf
$_;"rgfsf] klxrfg / k|of]u
%_ ljBfno ;"wf/sf] nflu ;"rgfsf] dxTj
!_ ;"rgfsf] k|sf/ (Types of Information) M
k4tL / k|ljlwsf] lx;fajn] ;"rgfnfO{ @ k|sf/df ljlefhg ug{ ;lsG5 M
1. Manual Baded 2. Computer Based
MIS n] lg0f{o k|lqmofdf k'¥ofpg] ;xof]usf] cfwf/df ;"rgfsf] k|sf/ nfO{ lgDg cg';f/
jlu{s/0f ul/G5 M
!_ tYof+s e08f/0f ;"rgf k|0ffnL
@_ eljio;"rs ;"rgf k|0ffnL
#_ lg0f{o lng] ;"rgf k|0ffnL
;"rgfsf] p2]Zo / pkof]usf] lx;fan] o;nfO{ lgDg # efudf afF8\g] ul/G5 M
s_ sfo{gLlts ;"rgf
v_ /0fgLlts ;"rgf
u_ ;~rfngfTds ;"rgf
s_ sfo{gLlts ;"rgf (Strategic Information) M o:tf] ;"rgfsf] lgdf{0f
/ k|of]u dflyNnf] txsf] Joj:yfksn] ub{5 . ;+u7gsf] bL3{sflng nIo, pb]Zo /
gLlt lgdf{0fdf o:tf] ;"rgfn] uxg e"ldsf v]n]sf] x'G5 . gofF k|ljlw leq\ofpg,
pTkfbg a9fpg, k|lt:kwf{ a9fpg cfjZos ;"rgf o; txdf kb{5g\ .
v_ /0fgLlts ;"rgf (Tactocal Information) M o:tf] ;"rgf 5f]6f]
;dosf] of]hgf lgdf{0fsf] nflu k|of]u ul/G5 . o:tf] ;"rgf k|fo ;+u7gsf] jt{dfg
lqmofsnfkdf cfwfl/t x'G5 . /0fgLlts ;"rgfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{gLlts ;"rgf k"/f
ug{ ul/G5 . ljqmL ljZn]if0f / k"j{ cg'dfg, pTkfbgsf] nflu ;+;fwg / ;|ft] sf]
cfjZostf, jflif{s ljQLo clen]v cflb o;sf pbfx/0f x'g\ .
u_ ;~rfngfTds ;"rgf (Operational Information) M o:tf] ;"rgf
Hofb} 5f]6f] ;do, lglZrt 306f / lbgsf] nflu cfjZos x'G5 . ;~rfng txsf
Joj:yfksn] b}lgs sfo{ ;~rfng ug{, b}lgs lg0f{o sfo{sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{
;"rgf o; cGtu{t kb{5 . b}lgs xflh/L, lzIfs pkl:ylt, b}lgs pTkfbg kl/df0f
cflb o; txsf ;"rgf x'g\ . o:tf] ;"rgfsf] ;|f]t jt{dfg lqmofsnfkdf cfwfl/t
x'G5 .
@_ ;"rgfsf] u'0f:t/ (Quality of Information) M
;"rgf s:tf] x'g'kb{5, s] s:tf u'0fx? x'g'kb{5, Tof] g} ;"rgfsf] u'0f xf] DP
Goyal n] ;"rgfsf] u'0f:t/sf] ;"rL lgDg cg';f/ k|:t't u/]sf 5g M
1. Timeliness
2. Accuracy
3. Relevance
4. Adequacy
5. Completeness
6. Explicitness
7. Exception based : Form utility, Time utility, Place utility &
Possession utility
o;/L Pp6f :t/Lo / u'0ffTds ;"rgf ;xL, e/kbf]{, j:t'lgi7, tTyk/s, ;fGble{s, k"0f{
/ ;d;fdlos x'g'kb{5 . k|To]s JolQm tyf ;+:yfn] pko'Qm lg0f{o ug{ klg o:tf] u'0ffTs
9fFrfsf] ;"rgf cfjZos kb{5 .
Jams Ao Brien n] lgwf{0f u/]sf] ;"rgfsf] ltg kf6f] jf txnfO{ lgDg cg';f/
b]vfOG5 M

o;/L ;"rgf ;dosf] ;Gbe{df ;do lgikIf, ;d;fdlod, jf:tljs, lg/Gt/, lgoldt x'g'
h?/L 5 . To:t} :j?ksf] ;Gbe{df :ki6, k'/f, qmlds, k|:t'lts/0f, dfWod ;xL /
jf:tljs x'g'kb{5 , ljifoj:t'sf] cfwf/df ;xL, ;fGble{s, l;nl;nfa4, k"0f{ If]q /
pknAwLd"ns l;l;dsf] x'g'kb{5 .
#_ ;"rgfsf] lj:tf/÷9fFrf (Dimensions of Information) M
cfhsf] o'u ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] o'u xf] . ;"rgf lgoldt / lg/Gt/ ?kfdf k|jfxLt
e}/x]sf] x'G5 . ;"rgfsf] lj:tf/, kl/df0f, 3gTj, 3gtf h:tf kIfn] ;"rgfsf] dfqf
/ b/ klg a9\b} uO/x]sf] jf:tljstf 5 .
DP Goyal n] Dimensions nfO{ o;/L k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ M
Information may be understood to have various dimensions.
however, for our purpose, the following three dimensions of
information will be of interest:
i) Economic dimension
ii) Business dimension
iii) Technical dimension
Information ko dimension af/] C Ludon & JP Ludon n] o;/L k|:t't
u/]sf 5g\ M
"Using information system effectively requires an understanding
of the organization management and information technology
sharing the system. An information system creates value for the
firm as organizational and management solution to challenges
posed by the environment."
o;/L ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] ;~hfn leq ;+u7g, Joj:yfkg / k|ljlw /x]sf] x'G5 . cj
log} tLg kIfsf] af/]df rrf{ u/f}+ M
!_ ;+u7g (Organization) M ;"rgf k|0ffnL ;+u7gsf] cleGg c+u xf] . o;n]
oxfF sfo{/t hgzlQm ;+/rgf, k|lqmof, /fhgLlt / ;+:sf/sf] cj:yf / e"ldsf af/]
hfgsf/L /fVg'k5{ . ;+u7gsf] nIo / p2]Zo, ;+/rgf tyf lqmofsnfk h:tf kIfsf]
nflu ;"rgf lj:tf/sf] cfjZostf x'G5 .
@_ Joj:yfkg (Management) M ;+u7gsf] nIo / p2]Zo kl/k"lt{ ug{ s'zn
Joj:yfkg cfjZos 5 . of]hgf, ;+u7g, lgb]{zg, lgoGq0f h:tf sfo{sf] lar
;dGjo Nofpg ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] cfjZos x'G5 . o;/L Joj:yfksLo sfo{lar
tfnd]n ldnfpg ;"rgfsf] lj:tf/ cfjZos x'G5 .
#_ ;"rgf k|ljlw (Information Technology) M cfhsf] ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] o'udf
x/]s sfdsf] nflu ;"rgf cfjZos ePsf] 5 . cfh sDKo'6/ ;km\6j]o/, tYof+s
;+sng k|ljlw, ;~hfn, OG6/g]6 h:tf k|ljlwn] ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] If]qdf cfd"n
kl/jt{g NofPsf] 5 . ljQLo If]q, /fhgLlt, pBf]u wGbf, lzIff, oftfoft, ;~rf/
cflb If]qdf o;sf] clws k|of]u ePsf] cj:yf 5 .
$_ ;"rgfsf] klxrfg / k|of]u (Identification & Use of Information) M
;a} Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL sfo{x?df ;"rgf Pp6f cTofjZos Pj+ cfwfe"t s'/f xf] .
s'g} klg ;+3;+:yfdf ePsf / aflx/af6 hDdf ePsf tYo jf tYof+snfO{ dfq
;"rgf eGg ldNb}g . ;"rgf s'g} vf; ;d:ofsf] ;Gbe{df s'g} vf; JolQmsf] nflu
ljz]if ?kn] rog u/L tof/ kfl/Psf] x'G5 .
lglZrt nIo k|fKt ug{ tyf s'g} vf; cjlwsf nflu dfq ;"rgfsf] k|of]u ug{
;lsG5 . tYof+snfO{ hj cy{k"0f{ t/Lsfn] b]vfOG5 tj dfq o;nfO{ ;"rgf eGg
;lsG5 . ;xL ;"rgfsf] pko'Qm k|of]u ePdf e/kbf]{, plrt / ;j{dfGo lg0f{o ug]{
Ifdtfsf] ljsf; x'G5 .
Joj:yfkssf] ljleGg txdf ;"rgf cfjZos x'G5 . ;+3;+:yfdf k|fKt x'g] tYo
tYof+snfO{ lglZrt k|lqmof / r/0fkZrft ;"rgf Jojl:yt ul/G5 . o;/L tYof+s
/ ;"rgfsf] ;DaGwnfO{ lgDg cg';f/ k|:t't ug{ ;lsG5 .
lg0f{o k|lqmofdf ;"rgfsf] k|of]u tyf dxTjnfO{ lgDg a'Fbfaf6 k|i6 kfg{ ;lsG5 M
!_ ;d:ofnfO{ /fd|/L klxrfg ug{
@_ k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f ug{
#_ ;d:ofsf] sf/0f 7Dofpg
$_ ;d:ofsf] kl/0ffdnfO{ ljZn]if0f ug{
%_ sfof{Gjogsf] t/LsfnfO{ kl/eflift ug{
^_ d"Nof+sg ug{ .
To;}u/L ;"rgfsf] k|of]unfO{ lgDg a'Fbfn] cem k|i6 kfb{5 M
1. Information is the heart of the management process.
2. The role of reliable information, the better the decision.
3. Information relates to yesterday's experience/action that is
processed and utilized for todays plan and actions.
4. One fundamental pre-requisite for effective management is an
adequate information system.
z}lIfs ;"rgf k|0ffnLdf tYof+s tyf ;"rgfsf If]qx? M
%_ ljBfno ;'wf/sf] nflu ;"rgfsf] dxTj (Importance of Information
for School Improvement) M
ljBfnosf] rf}tkmL{ ljsf;, lj:tf/ / ;'wf/sf nflu ;"rgfsf] cfjZostf x'G5 .
ljBfnosf nflu cfjZos kg]{ ef}lts, cfly{s tyf dfgjLo ;|f]t ;fwgsf]
of]hgfsf] nflu klg ;"rgfsf] dxTj 5 . lagf ;"rgf lzIffdf ul/g] nufgL, k|lqmof
/ pknlAwsf] af/]df jf:tljs hfgsf/L x'Fb}g . nufgL k|ltkmnsf] jf:tljs cj:yf
klxrfg ug{ ;"rgfsf] dxTj 5 .
;"rgfsf] cfjZostf / dxTj ;DaGwdf David W Champman n] pNn]v u/]
cg';f/ - Resource allocation & Planning decision in education
are always made within a larger social & political context
those who assume improved information contribute directly
to improved decision are quickly disappointed.
David W Champman sf cg';f/ - Improving Education quality
through better use of information ;DaGwdf z}lIfs u'0f:t/ a9fpg
;"rgfsf] k|of]unfO{ lgDg $ l;4fGt4f/f k|i6\ofPsf 5g\ .
!_ ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] ljefhgsf nflu tYof+ssf] pknAwtf
@_ sltko v/fj lg0f{o ug{af6 hf]lug
#_ ck|efjsf/L ;|ft] sf] pkof]unfO{ ;xL 9+un] pkof]u u/fpg
$_ ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] Ifltsf] Go"gtf ug{ / o;sf] k|efjaf/] ;3fp k'¥ofpg .
ljBfnosf] u'0f:t/ ljsf; ug{ ;"rgfsf] cfjZostf kg]{ s'/f cfhsf ljleGg
cWoog cg';Gwfgn] ;d]t lzIfs tflnd, z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L, ljBfno ;'k/Lj]If0f,
ljBfyL{ d"Nof+sg h:tf sfo{x?df ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] dxTjk"0f{ e'ldsf x'g] pNn]v
ul/Psf] 5 .

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