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E'il-wdi{-dyFa i.e eqT H''l-q ir+{rr,rorqrnT 'rriafa'fu #t
gEIi-"FqaTIIkI qn.Il-{6+;r
(Financial Literacy Framen,r,rk) uriT irq+i .T<fqT
.{.r'I q-{TTffiI "iffia {t*Tt(ll qioJ(E.i;i,
a,-ur:i1o,r iriqflq-a r aq-qf+rji(t qqTgn eiiz-or
Roec,,q.f[ ffiq"Ej *T qTff qriifqq lilirra3-{ 6+ l-n'z
trg *+ \;r, ?o{c zFl (it'l sc'
A MI aftr+lr v-d-.T rrtr ?ii {q+r q'rt rrkqri u t

-miorfr Fi'is-iq,
 ljQLo ;fIf/tf dfu{bz{g, @)&*

!_ kl/ro
ljQLo ;fIf/tf ljQLo :yfloTjsf] cfwf/lznf xf] . ljQLo k|0ffnL k|lt ljZjf; sfod /fVg /
a9LeGbf a9L cfly{s ultljlwnfO{ ljQLo k|0ffnLdf ;dfj]z ug{ o;sf] dxTj /xG5 . ljQLo
r]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ p2]Zon] g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] ljutb]lv g}] ljQLo ;fIf/tf sfo{qmd ;~rfng
ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . ljQLo ;fIf/tfsf] cleofgdf g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf] ;fy} Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}+s
tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿sf] ;d]t e"ldsf j[l4 ug'{kg]{ cfjZostfnfO{ dWogh/ u/L a}+sn] ljQLo
;fIf/tf clej[l4 ug{ ljleGg lgb]{zgx? Hff/L ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . oBlk, ljleGg ;+:yfsf 5l/Psf
sfo{qmdaf6 ljQLo ;fIf/tf k|j4{g cleofgn] ck]lIft ult lng g;s]sf] x'Fbf o:tf
sfo{qmdnfO{ yk Jojl:yt / ;dGjofTds 9+un] PsLs[t ¿kdf cl3 a9fpg ljQLo ;fIf/tf
9fFrf (Financial Literacy Framework) hf/L ePsf] ;Gbe{df Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx¿sf
ultljlw ;f]xL 9fFrfcg'¿k lgoldt / Jojl:yt agfpg] p2]Zon] of] ljQLo ;fIf/tf
dfu{bz{g, @)&* hf/L ul/Psf] 5 .
@_ ljQLo ;fIf/tf dfu{bz{gsf] p2]Zo
o; dfu{bz{gsf] p2]Zo b]xfoadf]lhd /x]sf 5g\ M—
1. ljQLo ;fIf/tfsf] nflu cfjZos ;+:yfut k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ug]{ .
2. nlIft ju{ s]lGb|t ljQLo ;fIf/tf cWoog ;fdu|Lsf] k|of]u ;'lglZrt ug]{ .
3. ljQLo ;fIf/tf sfo{qmdsf] cg'udgsf nflu cfwf/ lgdf{0f ug]{ .
4. ljQLo r]tgf, 1fg / ;Lksf] clej[l4 ub}{ lhDd]jf/ ljQLo cfr/0fsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
5. cfw'lgs ljQLo k|ljlwsf] k|of]unfO{ ;/n, ;xh / k|efjsf/L agfpg] .
#_ ljQLo ;fIf/tf sfo{qmd
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] ljQLo ;fIf/tf clej[l4sf] nflu ljleGg k|sf/sf sfo{qmd th'{df u/L
sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 . ljQLo 1fgsf] cefj ePsf JolQmnfO{ cf}krfl/s ljQLo k|0ffnLdf
;d]6\g'sf ;fy} ;fdfGo ljQLo hfgsf/L ePsf JolQmnfO{ gofF ljQLo cjwf/0ffsf] hfgsf/L
u/fpFb} ljQLo k|0ffnL k|lt cEo:t agfO{ w]/}eGbf w]/} gful/sdf cf}krfl/s ljQLo k|0ffnLdf
1
 kx'Fr k'¥ofpg] clek|fon] ljQLo r]tgfsf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{'kg]{5 . ljQLo ;fIf/tf
sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L ¿kdf ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos ;+/rgfsf] ljsf; ug]{ / nlIft ju{sf nflu
pko'Qm x'g] u/L ljQLo 1fgsf ljljw If]q ;d]6L Jojl:yt ¿kdf of]hgf tof/ ug'{kg]{5 .
o;/L of]hgf tof/ ubf{ k|To]s nlIft ju{sf] ljQLo 1fg (Knowledge), ;Lk (Skill), dgf]j[lQ
(Attitude) / Jojxf/ (Behaviour) kl/jt{gsf] nflu ;}4flGts Pjd\ Jofjxfl/s kIf ;d]6L
cg';"rL ! adf]lhd rf/ txdf sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{'kg{]5 . ;+:yfsf] of]hgfsf] plrt
sfof{Gjogsf ;fy} sfo{qmdsf] lgoldt cg'udg tyf l/kf]l6{ªsf nflu ;+:yfn] k"0f{ k|ltj4tf
JoQm ug'{kg]{5 .

$_ ljQLo ;fIf/tf sfo{qmdsf] :t/ / ljifoj:t'

;+:yfn] ljQLo ;fIf/tf;DaGwL ljleGg sfo{qmd ;~rfng tyf cWoog ;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f ubf{
o; a}+saf6 hf/L ljQLo ;fIf/tf 9fFrf (Financial Literacy Framework) nfO{ d'Vo cfwf/sf]
¿kdf lnO{ nlIft ju{ cg';f/sf sfo{qmdsf] b]xfoadf]lhd :t/ lgwf{/0f u/L ;f]xLcg'¿k
;xefuLsf] ;}4flGts / Jofjxfl/s kIfdf bIftf clej[l4 x'g] u/L ljioj:t' ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{5 M
cfwf/e"t :t/ pRr :t/
b}lgs hLjgdf cfjZos ;fdfGo ljQLo cfwf/e"t ljQLo cjwf/0ffsf] cnfjf yk
1fg . 1fg .
ljQLo cjwf/0ff
1. cfjZostf tyf rfxgfx¿ 1. ljQLo cg'zf;g
2. ljQLo p2]Zo 2. ljB'tLo ljQLo ;]jfx¿
3. u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg 3. lwtf]kq ahf/
of]hgf th'{df tyf Joj:yfkg
1. kfl/jfl/s ah]6
2. art
1. ljljw art tyf shf{ of]hgf
3. shf{
2. ljQLo ljZn]if0f ;lxtsf] lg0f{o
4. ljQLo ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yfx¿
3. ljB'tLo ljQLo ;]jfsf ljljw
5. ljk|]if0f
lsl;dsf] pkof]u
6. n3' pBd tyf Joj;fo of]hgf
7. hf]lvd Joj:yfkg
ljQLo ;fIf/tf;DaGwL sfo{qmd ;~rfng Pjd\ ;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f ubf{ cg';"rL @ adf]lhdsf]
9fFrf cjnDag ug{ ;lsg]5 .

2
%_ nlIft u|fxssf] juL{s/0f
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] o; a}+saf6 hf/L ljQLo ;fIf/tf 9fFrf (Financial Literacy

Framework) cg'¿k ljQLo ;fIf/tf sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu u|fxssf]

juL{s/0f b]xfocg';f/ ug'{kg]5
{ M
1_ lgoldt cfDbfgL k|fKt ug]{ -/f]huf/_
2_ lglZrt cfDbfgL gePsf -s[ifs, ;fgf pBdL_
3_ ljBfyL{ -dfWolds / pRr dfWolds txsf ljBfyL{_
4_ dlxnf
5_ ljk|]if0f k|fks
^_ ljQLo ;fIf/tf ;fdu|Lsf] lgdf{0f
;+:yfn] ljQLo ;fIf/tf;DaGwL cWoog ;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f ubf{ d"ntM pkof]uL ljQLo 1fg tyf
;Lk ljsf; ug]{ ljifodf s]lGb|t x'g'kg]{5 . o:tf sfo{qmd ubf{ cfˆgf ;]jfsf] lj1fkg ug]{,
;+:yfsf] a|fl08ª ug]{, Jofkfl/s SofDk]g ug]{ h:tf sfo{ dfq ug{ kfOg] 5}g . o;/L k|bfg
ul/g] ljQLo 1fgsf nflu b]xfoadf]lhd ;fdfu|L÷dfWod k|of]u ug{ ;lsg]5 M
1_ ;fdflhs ;~hfn,
2_ /]l8of] tyf Pkm=Pd=,
3_ 6]lnlehg,
4_ kqklqsf tyf cGo ;~rf/ dfWod
5_ kDKn]6,
6_ a'sn]6,
7_ tflnd -kf7\o ;fdfu|L_,
8_ syf, sljtf, slds,
9_ uLt,
10_ ;+:yfsf] j]a;fO{6, cflb .

3
&_ of]hgfj4 sfof{Gjog
1_ ;+:yfx¿n] ljQLo ;fIf/tf sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu s]Gb|Lo
sfof{nodf ljQLo ;fIf/tfsf] sfo{ ug{] OsfO{ (Financial Literacy Unit) jf s'g}
OsfO{nfO{ ;f]sf] lhDd]jf/L tf]lsPsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
2_ pQm OsfO{n] ljQLo ;fIf/tf;DaGwL jflif{s sfo{of]hgf agfO{ :yfgLo tyf k|fb]lzs
:t/df ljQLo ;fIf/tf;DaGwL ljleGg sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug'{kg]{5 . jflif{s
sfo{of]hgfdf ljQLo ;fIf/tfsf nflu tof/ ul/Psf sfo{qmdsf] ljj/0f, ;do tflnsf
Pjd\ sfo{qmd ;~rfngdf nfUg] nfut;d]t cg'dfg ug'{kg]{5 .
3_ ljQLo ;fIf/tf;DaGwL of]hgf tyf sfo{of]hgf th'{df ubf{{ cfwf/e"t ¿kdf o;
a}+saf6 hf/L ljQLo ;fIf/tf 9fFrf (Financial Literacy Framework) nfO{ kfngf
ug'{kg]{5 .
4_ of]hgf th'{df tyf sfo{qmd lgdf{0f ubf{ x/]s nlIft ju{sf nflu sfo{qmd agfO{
;f]cg';f/ sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{5 .
5_ ljQLo ;fIf/tfsf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ubf{ b'u{d tyf ljQLo kx'Fr sd ePsf nlIft
ju{ / :yfgnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg'kg]5
{ .
6_ ljQLo ;fIf/tf;DaGwL sfo{qmdsf nflu ;|f]t JolQm tof/ ug{ a}+ssf sd{rf/LnfO{
cfjZos tflnd tyf Ifdtf clej[l4sf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg]5 .
7_ ;+:yfn] lgoldt ¿kdf ljleGg dfWodaf6 nlIft ju{cg'¿k ljQLo ;fIf/tf;DaGwL
cWoog ;fdu|L ;Dk|]if0f ug'{kg]{5 . ;fy}, vftf vf]Ng], a}+s vftfdf art ug]{, /sd
lemSg], /sdfGt/ ug]{ h:tf cfwf/e"t lqmofsnfksf] k|of]uffTds lzIff lbg] Joj:yf
ldnfpg' kg]{5 .
8_ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿n] ljQLo ;fIf/tf;DaGwL cfjlws sfo{of]hgf tof/ ubf{
x/]s nlIft ju{sf] ljQLo 1fg, ;Lk, dgf]j[lQ / Jojxf/ kl/jt{gsf nflu ;}4flGts
Pjd\ Jofjxfl/s kIfnfO{ ;d]6\g' kg{]5 .
9_ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿n] ljQLo ;fIf/tf sfo{qmdsf] nIo, ljifo, ljlw tyf
dfWodsf] 5gf}6 ubf{ clwstd\ nlIft ju{ ;d]l6g] u/L ug'{kg]{5 .

4
 10_ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿n] Jofh cg'bfg k|fKt x'g] ljleGg k|sf/sf ;x'lnotk"0f{
shf{, cfw'lgs k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t e'QmfgL ;]jfx¿, ljQLo ;]jf k|jfx;DaGwL u'gf;f]
;'g'jfO{ Pj+ Jo:yfkg k|0ffnLsf] af/]df ;j{;fwf/0fn] ;xh} a'em\g] / ;"rgf kfpg ;Sg]
u/L cfjZos ;+oGqsf] ljsf; ug'{kg]{5 .
11_ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿n] tof/ kf/]sf ljQLo ;fIf/tf sfo{of]hgfsf] plrt
sfof{Gjogsf ;fy} sfo{qmdsf] lgoldt d"Nofª\sg tyf l/kf]l6{ªsf nflu k"0f{ k|ltj4tf
JoQm ug'{kg]{5 .
*_ ljQLo ;fIf/tf sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg
-s_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] ljQLo ;fIf/tf;DaGwL sfo{of]hgf cfly{s jif{sf] klxnf]
qodf;leq g]kfn /fi6« a}+sdf k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
-v_ ;+:yfsf] s]Gb|Lo:t/af6 ljQLo ;fIf/tf;DaGwL sfo{qmdx¿sf] lgoldt ¿kdf cfGtl/s
d"Nofª\sg ug'{kg]{5 . o:tf] d"Nofª\sg k|ltj]bgdfly ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns ;ldltn] jflif{s
¿kdf 5nkmn u/L ;+:yfsf] ultljlwsf] ;dLIff;lxt jflif{s ¿kdf bf];|f] qodf;leq
g]kfn /fi6« a}+sdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-u_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] cw{jflif{s ¿kdf -;fpg / df3 dlxgfdf_ cg';"rL # adf]lhdsf]
9fFrfdf tYofÍ g]kfn /fi6« a}+s;dIf k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
(_ ljljw Joj:yf

-s_ ljQLo ;fIf/tfsf] clej[l4n] ljQLo ;]jfsf] dfu a9fpg'sf] ;fy} :j:y k|lt:kwf{sf] ljsf;,
ljQLo ;]jfsf] ljljwtf tyf gjLgtd ljQLo ;]jfsf] vf]hL÷k|of]udf ;d]t 6]jf k'¥ofpg] x'Fbf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfx¿nfO{ of]hgfj4 ¿kdf ljQLo ;fIf/tfsf cNksfnLg, dWosfnLg /
bL3{sfnLg sfo{qmdx¿ th'{df ug{ k|]l/t ul/Psf] 5 .

-v_ ljQLo ;r]tgf tyf ;fIf/tfsf sfo{qmdx¿ Joj;fo lj:tf/ jf Jofkfl/s dg;fon] geO{
;fdflhs pQ/bfloTjsf] efjgfn] k|]l/t x'g'kg]{5 .

-u_ ljQLo ;fIf/tf ;DaGwdf eP u/]sf sfo{;DaGwL ;"rgfn] hgdfg;df ;sf/fTds k|efj kfg]{
ePsf]n] cfk"mn] ;DkGg u/]sf ljQLo ;fIf/tf;DaGwL sfo{x¿sf af/]df Ohfhtkqk|fKt

5
 ;+:yfn] lgoldt ¿kdf cfˆgf] j]a;fO6 tyf ;fdflhs ;~hfndfk{mt\ ;"rgf k|jfx ug{
;Sg]5g\ .

-3_ ljQLo ;fIf/tf;DaGwL sfo{qmdx¿ s'g} ljz]if e"uf]n jf ljz]if ju{df dfq s]lGb|t geO{
;+:yfsf] sfo{If]q leqsf ;a} :yfg tyf ;a} nlIft ;d"xdf nlIft x'g] u/L Gofof]lrt 9+un]
sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug'{kg]{5 .

-ª_ 1fg / l;sfO{sf] k|efjsfl/tfdf Wofg lbO{ ldtJooL / kf/bzL{ 9+un] sfo{qmd ;~rfng
ug'{kg]5
{ .

*****

6
cg';"rL !M nlIft ju{ cg'¿k ;~rfng ul/g] ljQLo ;fIf/tf sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z ug{ ;lsg] txut ljifoj:t'

lgoldt cfDbfgL k|fKt lglZrt cfDbfgL

ljQLo ;fIf/tfsf] tx ljk|]if0f k|fks dlxnf ljBfyL{
ug]{ gePsf
• ljQLo cg'zf;g • cfjZostf tyf • cfjZostf tyf • ljQLo nIo • cfjZostf tyf rfxgfx¿
;}4flGts rfxgfx¿ rfxgfx¿ • ljQLo cg'zf;g • ljQLo nIo
hfgsf/L • ljQLo nIo • ljQLo cg'zf;g • ljB'tLo ljQLo ;]jfx¿
nlIft • ljQLo cg'zf;g
5nkmnsf
ljifox¿ • jrt • C0f lng] • ljk|]if0f • n3' pBd tyf • ljB'tLo ljQLo ;]jfx¿
Jofjxfl/s • shf{ • jrt ug]{ Joj;fo of]hgf
kIf • ljB'tLo ljQLo agfpg]
;]jfx¿
• s]Gb|Lo a}+ssf] kl/ro tyf sfo{x¿ • sf]ifsf] nfut • ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f
lgofdsLo kl/k|]Iosf • u|fxs ;+/If0f • ;x'lnotk"0f{ shf{sf gLltx¿ • ;kmf gf]6 gLlt
1fg • Aofhb/ • u|fxs klxrfg • cfo pTkfbgsf pkfox¿

• u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg • u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg • ljQLo nIo • cfjZostf tyf • u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg
• lwtf]kq ahf/ • ljB'tLo ljQLo • ljB'tLo ljQLo rfxgfx¿ • art
• 3/fo;L ah]6 ;]jfx¿ ;]jfx¿ • u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg • ljB'tLo ljQLo ;]jfx¿
• ts{;+ut ljQLo • 3/fo;L ah]6 • 3/fo;L ah]6 • 3/fo;L ah]6
lg0f{ox¿ • ljQLo ;]jf k|bfos • ljQLo ;]jf k|bfos • jrt
• n3' pBd tyf • ljB'tLo ljQLo • shf{
Joj;fo of]hgf ;]jfsf k|sf/ • ljQLo ;]jf
5nkmnsf cGo ljifox¿ agfpg] k|bfos
• hf]lvd Joj:yfkg • ljk|]if0f
• hf]lvd Joj:yfkg
• ljB'tLo ljQLo
;]jfx¿
• ts{;+ut ljQLo
lg0f{ox¿

7
 • ljQLo ;]jf k|bfos • ljk|]if0f • u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg • lwtf]kq ahf/ • C0f
• shf{ • ljB'tLo ljQLo • ljQLo ;]jf k|bfos
;fdu|L k|bz{gaf6 • n3' pBd tyf ;]jfsf k|sf/ • ljQLo nIo
bzf{pg'kg]{ ljifox¿ Joj;fo of]hgf • n3' pBd tyf Joj;fo of]hgf
agfpg]
• hf]lvd Joj:yfkg

8
cg';"rL @M nlIft ju{ cg'¿k ;~rfng ul/g] ljQLo ;fIf/tf sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z ljifoj:t'n]
;xefuLdf ljsf; ug'{kg]{ bIftf -ljQLo 1fg, ;Lk, dgf]j[lQ / Jojxf/ kl/jt{g_ .
1fg ;Lk dgf]j[lQ Jojxf/ kl/jt{g
cfwf/e"t ljQLo r]tgf -;}4flGts kIf_
cfjZostf tyf cfjZostf eg]sf] s] cfjZostf / cfjZostf / cfjZostf / rfxgf
rfxgfx¿ xf] < rfxgfsf] leGgtf rfxgf cg';f/ cg';f/ art / vr{sf]
rfxgf eg]sf] s] xf] < lg0f{o ug]{ k|fyldsLs/0f
k|ltj4tf
ljQLo nIo nIo s;/L lgwf{/0f ljQLo nIo ljQLo nIo cNksfnLg /
ug]{ < lgwf{/0f ug]{ ;Lk lgwf{/0f ug]{ OR5f bL3{sfnLg nIo
nIo lgwf{/0f ug{ lgwf{/0f ,
lsg cfjZos 5 <
ljQLo nIo xfl;n ug{
cfOkg]{ c8\rgsf]
;fdgf
u'gf;f] u'gf;f] s] xf] < u'gf;f] u'gf;f] ;'g'jfO{sf] u'gf;f] ;'g'jfO{sf
Joj:yfkg Joj:yfkgsf] b/vf:t ;DalGwt sfg"gL pkfo cjnDag
u'gf;f] ;'g'jfO{sf] k|lqmof lhDd]jf/
b/vf:t s;/L ug]{ < clwsf/L;dIf k]z
ug]{ cfTdljZjf;
pRr :t/sf] ljQLo r]tgf -;}4flGts kIf_
ljQLo cg'zf;g ljQLo cg'zf;g s] ah]6 lgdf{0f tyf vr{sf] ljQLo cfTdlge{/tf,
xf] / of] lsg v/fa shf{sf] of]hgfcg';f/ rNg]
dxTjk"0f{ 5 < klxrfg cg'zf;g, ljQLo ah]6sf] ;xL
sfof{Gjog
ljQLo nIo xfl;n
ug]{ k|ltj4tf
ljB'tLo ljQLo ljB'tLo ljQLo ljQLo ;]jfsf] ljQLo ;]jfsf] gub/lxt sf/f]af/,
;]jfx¿ ;]jfsf ljleGg k|of]u ug]{ ;Lk k|of]u ug]{ OR5f
pks/0fx¿ -8]lj6 ljB'tLo pks/0fsf]
sf8{, df]afOn jfn]6, k|of]u
s|]l86 sf8{_
lwtf]kq ahf/ lwtf]kq ahf/ k|fylds tyf lwtf]kq nufgLdf lwtf]kq ahf/df
;+rfng;DaGwL bf]>f] ahf/sf] ljZjf; nufgL
hfgsf/L hf]lvd tyf
cfDbfgL
cfwf/e"t ljQLo r]tgf -Jojxfl/s kIf_
kfl/jfl/s ah]6 ah]6 lgdf{0fsf ljQLo 8fo/L eg]{ ah]6 kfngf ug]{ kfl/jfl/s cfDbfgL,
kmfObf k|ltj4tf vr{ / art;DaGwL
ah]6 lgdf{0f ug]{ of]hgf tyf ah]6,
gub k|jfxsf] gub Joj:yfkgdf
klxrfgsf] dxTj vr{ of]hgf cfTdljZjf; ljQLo 8fo/L eg]{ afgL
agfpg]

9
 vr{ of]hgfsf kmfObf efjL of]hgf
agfpg] OR5f
art artsf] p2]Zo art vftf, artdf ljZjf;, art ug]{ afgL,
artsf ljleGg
pkfo art vftf vf]Ng] lgoldt art ug]{ a}+sdf art
art of]hgfsf k|d'v k|lqmof cg'zf;g Aofhsf] lx;fa
kIfx¿
shf{ shf{ tyf shf{sf shf{sf k|sf/ pko'Qm gePsf a}lsª If]qdf shf{sf]
kmfObf / a]kmfObf shf{ zt{x¿ lj:tf/,
c:jLs[t ug],{
shf{ lng] j}slNks shf{ lgj]bg pko'Qm shf{ 5gf}6
>f]t shf{ of]hgf kfngf
Aofhb/sf] lx;fa ug]{ cg'zf;g
shf{ Joj:yfkgsf
gLltx¿
ljQLo ;]jf ljleGg ljQLo ;]jf ljQLo ;]jf pko'Qm ljQLo ;]jf g]kfndf ljBdfg
k|bfos k|bfos ;+:yfx¿sf] k|bfos k|bfos 5gf}6df ljleGg ljQLo ;]jf
hfgsf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] cfTdljZjf; k|bfos ;+:yfx¿ /
leGgtf tLgsf ;]jfsf] pkof]u
ljk|]if0f ljb]zaf6 k7fPsf] ljk|]if0f ;DaGwL ljk|]if0fsf] cf}krfl/s ljQLo
k};f k|fKt ug]{ / kmf/d eg]{ pTkfbgd"ns k|0ffnLaf6 ljk|]if0f
k7fpg] tl/sf pTkfbgd"ns / If]qdf pkof]u k|fKt ug]{
cg'Tkfbs vr{sf]
leGgtf
n3' pBd tyf Jofj;flos of]hgfsf Jofj;fosf Jofj;flos of]hgf n3' pBdsf nflu
Joj;fo of]hgf l;4fGt sfg"gL tof/ ug]{ / kfngf Joj;flos of]hgf
cfjZostf, ug]{ cfTdljZjf; lgdf{0f
of]hgf lgdf{0fsf ljQLo
r/0f cfjZostfdf
a}ssf] e"ldsf
Jofj;flos of]hgfsf]
k|of]u cNksfnLg ljQ
Joj:yfkg
hf]lvd Joj:yfkg ljQLo hf]lvdsf ljleGg k|sf/sf hf]lvd bL3{sfnLg art,
ljljw kIf hf]lvd Joj:yfkgdf hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf
cfTdljZjf;, pkfo, ladf of]hgf

hf]lvd Joj:yfk
of]hgf tof/ ug]{
bIftf
ljB'tLo ljQLo ljB'tLo ljQLo ;]jf ljB'tLo ljQLo ljB'tLo ljQLo gub/lxt sf/f]af/
;]jfx¿ ;+rfngsf ;+oGq pks/0fsf] pks/0fsf] pkof]u
pkof]u ug]{ OR5f ljB'tLo pks/0fsf]
k|of]u

10
pRr :t/sf] ljQLo r]tgf -Jojxfl/s kIf_
art tyf shf{sf] art tyf shf{ e}kl/ cfpg] a}lsª k|0ffnLdf bL3{sfnLg ljQLo
ljljlws/0f ljljwLs/0fsf] cy{ / of]hgf ;lxtsf] ljZjf; of]hgf,
cf}lrTo art tyf shf{ shf{ ;'ljwfsf]
of]hgf ljljwLs/0f,
Go"g v/fa shf{
sDkfp08 Aofhb/
lalaw ljQLo
;]jfsf]
bundling
ts{;+ut ljQLo ljleGg lsl;dsf ;dofg';f/ ljleGg lsl;dsf ts{;+ut ljQLo lg0f{o
lg0f{ox¿ ljQLo lg0f{ox¿ k};fsf] d"No ljQLo lg0f{o ug]{
cfTdljZjf;
ljQLo lg0f{o ubf{ bL3{sfnLg ah]6
ljrf/ ug'{kg]{ kIfx¿ tyf nufgL

;dofg';f/ k};fsf] a}+s shf{sf nflu

dxTj;DaGwL Joj;flos k|:tfj
hfgsf/L lgdf{0f
ljB'tLo ljQLo ljB'tLo ljQLo ljljw sf/f]af/sf ljB'tLo ljQLo ;a} ljQLo ;]jfsf
;]jfsf ;]jfsf If]qx¿ nflu ljB'tLo sf/f]af/ ug]{ OR5f nflu ljB'tLo dfWod
ljljwtfx¿ ljQLo ;]jfsf]
pkof]u

11
 cg';"rL #
=========== a+}s lnld6]8
ljQLo ;fIf/tf;DaGwL sfo{qmd
cf=a= ===== sf] ===== b]lv ==== ;Ddsf] calw
qm=; sfo{qmdsf] ldlt ;~rfng nlIft ju{sf] ;+Vof * ;xefuL ;d]l6Psf d"Vo k|of]u ePsf >f]t JolQm ck]lIft
gfd ul/Psf] :yfg ! @ # $ % ;+Vof ljifoj:t' ;fdfu|L kl/0ffd
/ k|b]z

* dfu{bZf{gsf] a'Fbf g+ % adf]lhd nlIft ju{M -!_ lgoldt cfDbfgL k|fKt ug]{, -@_ lglZrt cfDbfgL gePsf, -#_ ljBfyL{
-$_ dlxnf -%_ ljk|]if0f k|fks

12