Name : Mutiara Hikmah

NIM : 030058209

Assignment 3

Cross Cultural Understanding 02 ( PBIS4102 )

No Tugas Tutorial
1 Find examples of how degrees of formality in language reflect the cultural values
and social values in the community. First, find examples of expressions of
introducing people, agreeing and disagreeing, and asking for permission with
different degrees of formality in English; then compare them with Indonesian
expressions. Report the similarities and differences in the following aspects: 1.
When do people use more formal expressions? And 2. In what contexts do they
use the formal expressions?
Write your findings in an essay, 300-400 words, and submit it to me not later than
next week, 8 pm at the latest

Intellect is a way for humans as social creatures to get more friends every time. In social
situations, there are two forms of introductory situations, namely formal and informal.
In general, formal situations occur when introductions are made between business
associations or with people who have a higher position than you. As for informal situations,
this usually happens when your friend introduces you to a friend or with someone your age.
In these two situations, formal and informal, there are some striking differences in
introducing. Especially in using English, you must be able to distinguish which vocabulary or
phrases are more suitable to use. For more details, let us consider the explanation below.
 Formal Introduction
- Hello
- Good morning
- Good afternoon
- Good evening

 Informal Introduction
- Hi (hi)
- What's up? (What is wrong?)
- How's it going? (How are you?)
- I'm good. (I am good)
That's the difference between formal introductory conversations and informal introductions in
English. It can be seen that introductions with friends of the same age sound more relaxed
and informal. As for more professional circumstances, you must use formal language.

Ask permission in a formal and informal

There are three ways to ask permission in a polite manner. All three have the same way,
namely "May I ...?". But what is different is the level of politeness.
 May I (please) ...?
This one sentence is very polite and is used when you ask someone who has more
authority than you, such as a parent, teacher, or boss. To add a level of politeness, you
can add the word "please" afterwards.
Example:
May I go to my friend’s house later?
 Can I ... (please)?
How to ask or ask for permission like this is actually more direct or have a lower
level of politeness. If you are in a formal situation, you should use two other ways
to ask permission. You can also add the word "please" to be more polite.
Example:
Can I talk to you for a minute?

 Could I ... (please)?

asking permission with this sentence is more polite than using can. The way to use
this sentence is the same as the two previous ways.
Example:
Could I borrow your pen? I forgot to bring mine.

Ask For Permission Informal

If you are thinking about a new thing or idea and want to know if other people like the idea,
you can use this question sentence. Questions or ways of asking for permission like this do
not require the person being asked to allow it and can even get you suggestions for your
ideas.

 Should I ...? (Should I ...?)

Example:
 Should I go alone tomorrow?

 How about I ...? (What if I ...)

Example:
How about I help you next time? (What if I help you another time?)

1. When do people use more formal expressions?

people use formal expressions when they talk to older people or with people they respect. For
example speaking formally when with a boss or business partner, is different from when
talking with office friends. Situations and conditions also influence the expression and style
used.

2. In what contexts do they use the formal expressions?

they use formal expressions when getting acquainted with others, giving opinions, etc. while
in formal scope.