Doc: TED 16(791)W

July 2011

For comments only

Draft
Indian Standard
Cycles – Glossary of Terms Used In the Bicycle Industry
Not to be reproduced without the permission Last date for receipt of comments is
of BIS or used as STANDARD 30 September 2011

Foreword

(formal clauses will be added later)

1 SCOPE

This standard specifies the terminologies used in cycles, classification and component names.

2 TYPES / CLASSIFICATION

Cycle shall be broadly classified as given in Table 1. The terms shown in the column of sub
classification shall be regarded as the types of cycle.

Table 1 Classification of Bicycles

(Clause 2)
(Classification) (Sub-Classification)

Sports bicycle
(Including MTB-look bicycle)
Bicycle For general use City-Cycle

Utility bicycle

Children bicycle

Cycle Bicycle for young children Bicycle for Young Children

Mountain-bike (MTB bicycle)

Road racer
Special cycle Track racing bicycle
BMX-bike
Tandem
Other cycles

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2.1 Bicycle For General Use – One-rider bicycles intended to ride on public roads for daily
traffic, sports, leisure time plays. Those having any foldable or separable frame shall be included.

2.1.1. Sports Bicycle – Generally comprehends those bicycle designed for the respective
purposes such as long distance touring or high-speed running as tools of various cycle sports or
leisure time amusement, which are provided with change gear devices. Whereof those equipped
with tubular tyres are excluded. MTB - look bicycle, of which the types of equipped handlebars,
frame and fork, change gears, tyres etc. are similar to mountain-bike, intended to be solely ridden
on public roads shall be included.

2.1.2. City Bicycle – Bicycle for short to medium distance riding at low to medium speed,
mainly used as a means for daily traffic and leisure time amusement.

2.1.3. Utility Bicycle – Bicycle for short to medium distance riding at low speed used for daily
traffic and transport.

2.1.4. Children Bicycle – Any bicycle used by primary school aged children for daily play and
traffic.

2.2 Bicycle For Young Children – Bicycle intended to use mainly by each oneself of young
children of under school age for daily play.

2.3 Special Cycle – Cycle designed based on respective limited purpose, exclusive uses or
special specification. The following definitions for each type of cycle apply.

2.3.1 Mountain-bike (MTB bicycle) – Bicycle designed as impact proof, running performance
and adjustability of riding posture to adapt for wide range riding including high-speed run on
wildness or mountain terrain, climbing and down hard hills, riding over ramps and the like, and
generally provided with as frame of saddle height adjustable range of not less than 100mm, flat
handlebars, cantilever caliper brakes, wide ratio change gears, and block patterned tyres of 1.5 or
over in nominal type width.

2.3.2 Road Racer – Bicycle for cycling races, designed to meet the respective racing
conditions, generally provided with a free-wheel, brakes, derailleur’s, pedals with shoe retention
devices, quick-release hubs, and tubular tyres, and equipped with mudguard, luggage carrier and
stand.

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2.3.3 Track Racing Bicycle – Bicycle exclusively used for cycling races on a velodrome track,
designed to meet the respective racing items, and generally provided with handle bars suitable
for forward leaning riding posture, pedals with shoe retention devices and tubular tyres.

2.3.4 BMX-Bike (Bicycle Moto-cross) – Bicycle for BMX race performed on a rough track or
the like, generally provided with wheels of 20 in nominal tyre diameter, and of which such
equipped parts as frame and fork, handlebars, hubs, pedals, etc. are particularly designed for
putting emphasis on lightening and impact proof to withstand such duties as jumping, wheelie
riding and the like.

2.3.5 Tandem – Bicycle with saddle for two or more riders on behind the other, which can be
driven simultaneously by the riders.

2.3.6 Other Cycles – Cycles having limited uses or particular specifications such as those for
various cycling games, those wheeled other than bicycles, delivery bicycle, camping.

3 DESCRIPTION AND DEFINITION OF TERMS USED IN BICYCLE

Terms used in bicycle are given in Fig. 1 and are defined in 3.1 to 3.11.
NOTE -The illustration is diagramatic only and is not intended to illustrate details of design.

FIG. 1 TERMS USED IN BICYCLE

3.1 Central reference plane (P) – Plane determined by the centre line of the head tube, top tube,
seat tube and down tube.

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3.2 Chain line (L) – Line bisecting the rear sprocket(s) and the chain wheel(s) theoretically
parallel to the central reference plane.

3.3 Chain wheel (chain line distance) (b) – Distance from the chain line to the central reference
plane.

3.4 Frame size (h1) – Distance from the centre line of the bottom bracket shell (crank hanger
centre line) to the upper extreme of the set lug or seat tube.

3.5 Wheel base (d1) – Distance between the centre lines of the wheel axles.

3.6 Bottom bracket displacement (h2) – Distance between the bottom bracket centerline and a
line parallel to the ground plane that passes through the rear wheel centerline.

3.7 Head angle (θ) – Angle between the ground plane and the centerline of the head tube or
steering axis.

3.8 Offset (d2) – Distance between the fork stem centerline to the centerline of the front wheel.

3.9 Trail (d3) – Distance on the ground plane from the vertical projection of the front wheel
centerline to the intersection of the steering axis.

For positive trail, the steering axis intersects the ground plane for-ward of the wheel centerline
projection.

3.10 Crank length (d4) – Distance between the bottom bracket axle and pedal spindle centre
lines.

3.11 Handlebar stem extension length (d5) – Shortest distance between the steering axis and
the centerline of the handlebar clamp section.

4 COMPONENT CLASSIFICATION

4.1 Cycle components shall be broadly classified as given in Table 2.

4.2 Component Details

Details of components as classified in 4.1 are shown diagrammatically in Figs. 2 to Fig. 45.
NOTE – The illustration shown in figures are diagramatic only and is not intended to illustrate details of design.

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Table 2 Classification of Bicycles Components

(Clause 4)

Component
Kind of composing parts (for informative reference)
classification
Frame-fork assembly (frame, front fork, head fittings, bottom
Body unit
bracket parts )
Steering device Handlebar assembly, handlebar grip and so forth
Chain wheel and cranks, pedal, toe clip, chain, toothed belt, free-
Driving device
wheel, toothed pulley.
Spoke wheel [tyre, tube, rim, spoke and nipple, hub(ordinary hub,
Running device unit hub, hub dynamo, coaster brake hub, brake hub], mono block
wheel, stabilizer
Change gear device Derailleur, hub gear, Shifter
Brake assembly (pull-up rim brake, caliper brake, band brake
Braking device internal expanding brake, disc brake and cantilever brake), coaster
brake hub, drum brake.
Seating device Saddle, seat pillar, back rest.
Luggage carrying
Luggage carrier, basket, touring bag
device
Standing device Stand
Warming device Bell, buzzer, (rear, pedal, side, front) reflex reflector, rear lamp
Lighting device Head lamp, dynamo, hub dynamo, battery lamp
Mudguard, mud-flap, spoke protector, chain-guard, cotter pin
Protection device
cover, dress guard, safety cable hook
Accessories Lock, Pump, Water bottle
Fasteners Cotter pin, chain adjuster, bolt, nut, machine screws

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FIG 2 A FRAME COMPONENTS – BRAZED TYPE

FIG 2 B FRAME COMPONENTS – BRAZED-DTT & CURVED TYPE

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FIG 2 C FRAME COMPONENTS – WELDED TYPE

FIG 2 D WELDED FRAME COMPONENTS

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FIG 3 FORK – SUSPENSION TYPE

FIG 4 WATER BOTTLE HOLDER WITH BOTTLE

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FIG 5 FORK – BRAZED AND WELDED TYPE

FIG 6 HAND PUMP

FIG 7 BAR END SLEEVE & HANDLE GRIP

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FIG 8 HEAD FITTINGS

FIG 9 B.B. FITTINGS

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FIG 10 REAR MUDGUARD

FIG 11 FRONT MUDGUARD

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FIG 12 (A) FULL CHAIN COVER

FIG 12 (B) QUARTER CHAIN COVER

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FIG 12 (C) FULL HALF CHAIN COVER

FIG 13 RIM, RIM TAPE, TUBE AND TYRE

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FIG 14 STANDARD HANDLE BAR COMPONENTS

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FIG 15 HANDLE BAR STEM ASSEMBLY

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FIG 16 SIDE PULL BRAKE COMPONENTS

FIG 17 V-BRAKE ASSEMBLY

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FIG 18 CENTRE PULL BRAKE COMPONENTS

FIG 19 SIDE PULL CALIPER

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FIG 20 PEDAL ASSEMBLY COMPONENTS

FIG 21 SEAT PILLAR

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FIG 22 CHAIN WHEELS SINGLE/DOUBLE/TRIPLE SPEED

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FIG 23 FREE WHEEL ASSEMBLY – SINGLE SPEED

FIG 24 CHAIN – SINGLE SPEED

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FIG 25 HUB ASSEMBLY – FRONT AND REAR

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FIG 26 BRAKE LEVER ASSEMBLY AND COMPONENTS

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FIG 27 REAR CARRIER ASSEMBLY

FIG 28 WIRE MESH BASKET AND STAY ROD ASSEMBLY

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FIG 29 SADDLE ASSEMBLY – STANDARD AND MTB

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FIG 30 BELL – LEVER AND GEAR TYPE

FIG 31 RING LOCK

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FIG 32 BACK REST PAD ASSEMBLY

FIG 33 REFLECTORS

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FIG 34 SAREE GUARD WIRE MESH-STEEL

FIG 35 TRAINER WHEEL ASSEMBLY

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FIG 36 MISCELLANEOUS COMPONENTS

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FIG 37

FIG 38 COASTER HUB – MULTI SPEED WITH BRAKE

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FIG 39 THUMB SHIFTER

FIG 40GRIP SHIFTER

FIG 41 REAR DERAILLEUR

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FIG 42 FRONT DERAILLEUR

FIG 43 ONE PIECE CRANK ASSEMBLY

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FIG 44 STAND ASSEMBLY – CENTRE AND SIDE

FIG 45 HEAD LAMP, DYNAMO AND SPEEDOMETER

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