KALINGA COMPREHJENSIVE

LOCAL JUVENILE INTERVENTION

PROGRAM
FY 2018-2020

Provincial Council for the Welfare of Children

Province of Kalinga

1
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………….. 2

CHAPTER 2. RATIONALE ……………………………………………………. .3

DEFINITION OF TERMS…………………………………………………………………..6

FOREWORD………………………………………………………………………………7

MESSAGE…………………………………………………………………………………8

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………..9

CHAPTER 2. RATIONALE………………………………………………………………10

CHAPTER 3. METHODOLOGY………………………………………………………..12

CHAPTER 4. PROVINCIAL
PROFILE…………………………………………………………………………………..13

CHAPTER 5. THE SITUATION OF CHILDREN IN CONFLICT WITH THE LAW

AND CHILDREN AT RISK……………………………………………………………….
15

Part 1. Assessment of the CICL and CAR in the Cordillera

Part 2. Analysis of the Major Causes of CICL and CAR in the Cordillera

CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS…………………………

20

2
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

This document presents the situation analysis of children in conflict

with the law (CICL) and children at risk (CAR) in the Province of Kalinga.
While the province of Kalinga is relatively small in terms of the number of
municipalities and its component city compared to its neighboring
province in Cordillera Administrative Region, it is not spared of problems
that confront both the children and youth sectors today. Various
programs, projects, and activities on children and youth from government
and non-government agencies are weaved together to assist children,
youth, and their families, as well as communities to overcome multi-
faceted problems that are brought about by a number of factors from
their own families, communities, and the society at large. The upshots are
felt mostly by the children and youth at its component city though
children and youth in the rural, geographically isolated and disadvantaged
areas are likewise not spared with these challenges, if not more severely
put at a disadvantage.

Considering the above, this document describes the extent and

seriousness of the state of CICL, how many they are and in what
municipalities they are coming from. It also enumerates the reasons why
these children are pushed to break the law and eventually become CICLs.
This analysis also explores the situation of CICL in the Province by
analyzing the factors that drive children to become CICL at various levels
of analysis, i.e., demand side, supply side, and enabling environment.

This document shall serve as the basis for the members of the PCPC
and stakeholders in developing and carrying out policy directions and
their corresponding programs, projects, and activities for CICL and CAR in
the province. It may also serve as a reference document for advocacy,
fund raising, learning and development interventions as well as for
researches.

This situation analysis is presented in six (6) chapters. Chapter 1

provides a brief description of the document and states the purpose and
users of this paper. Chapter 2 states the rationale and context of the
document. Chapter 3 provides the methodology employed in the analysis
of the situation of CICL and CAR. Chapter 4 presents the provincial profile
of Kalinga. Chapter 5 details the actual situation of CICL and the CAR in
the province with extensive analyses on the determining factors at
various levels. Finally, Chapter 6 presents the conclusions and the
recommendations to both the government and non-government
organizations as a result of the analysis.

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 CHAPTER 2

RATIONALE

In 2006, the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act, or Republic Act 9344,
was enacted in the Philippines. It was a progressive step geared toward a
juvenile justice system that was restorative and child-oriented.
Importantly, it was in consonance with the United Nations Convention of
the Rights of the Child (UN CRC) of which the Philippines was a signatory
in 1990, further signifying the government’s role in upholding the child’s
beneficial role in society. R.A. 9344 was likewise anchored in the the
Philippines National Strategic Framework for Plan Development for
Children, or Child 21, which was drafted in 2000 as a strategic framework
to guide stakeholders in planning programs and interventions that
promote and safeguard the rights of Filipino children in the 21st century.
Child 21 was considered a road map for national government, local
government units (LGUs), private and non-government organizations
(NGOs) in planning priorities for action and in allocating resources to
promote the rights of Filipino children. In 2001, the Council for the Welfare
of Children (CWC) intensified the advocacy and mobilization of resources
and networks for the adoption of Child 21. It was hoped that LGUs will
pass resolutions and to formulate local development plans for children
that outline health, education, protection and participation programs. In
the end, a monitoring system mechanism was in place to translate the
Philippine’s vision for Filipino children into concrete, measurable impact
indicators that is line with the child rights framework.

In accord with national and international laws and guidelines

including those specified in the UN CRC and Child 21, R.A. 9344 changed
the term “youthful offender” to “child in conflict with the law” (CICL) to
minimize stigma and to avoid the labelling of children and youth who have
committed offenses against the law. R.A. 9344 explicated that 15-year old
children and under are exempt from criminal responsibility, and those
above 15 (plus one day) and below 18 years old are exempt unless they
acted with discernment. Discernment has been defined as the mental
capacity to understand what is right and wrong and what consequences
follow.

Additionally, R.A. 9344 provides for diversion programs, for CICL’s

above 15 but below 18 years old accused of crimes punishable by 12
years imprisonment. In cases where diversion is not available to the CICL
who is eventually convicted, the sentence is automatically suspended and
the CICL undergoes rehabilitation until his case is closed and terminated.

Ultimately, R.A. 9344, which was amended by Republic Act 10630

(R.A. 10630) in 2013, maintained the exemption from criminal liability of
children aged fifteen 15 years old and below. However, a child who is
above 12 years of age up to 15 years of age and who commits serious
crimes (e.g., murder, kidnapping, robbery with homicide or rape, or

4
offenses under the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002;
punishable by more than 12 years of imprisonment), shall be deemed a
neglected child under Presidential Decree No. 603, as amended.
Moreover, the child shall be mandatorily placed in a special facility within
the youth care facility or Bahay Pag-asa. Repeat offenders, or children
who have committed crimes more than three times, would also be
considered as neglected children, and need to undergo intervention
programs supervised by the local social welfare and development officers.
The law also imposes the maximum penalty for those who exploit
children, such as syndicates, for the commission of criminal offenses. R.A.
10630 was considered to be another milestone in the Philippines’ goal to
establish an improved restorative justice system that promotes and
protects the welfare of children at risk (CAR) and CICL. Presently, this goal
is fortified by the new development agenda of the UN, referred to as the
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly the provision which
“promotes the peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable
development, provide access to justice for all and build effective,
accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels”. The Philippine
government has expressed its commitment to ensure inclusive growth,
which includes the continuing assurance to enact laws and policies that
respond to the needs of children in need of special protection, particularly
the CAR and CICL.

Given the above, this provincial situation analysis is based, in

general, on a human rights approach, and framed on provisions as stated
in the UN CRC, Child 21, R.A. 9344, R.A. 10630, and the SDGs. These
provisions are the core foundation on which programs and policies
relating to CICL and CAR are based. Using this approach, each CICL and
CAR has the same universal and inalienable rights as any child. To this
end, this situation analysis reviews and synthesizes existing data obtained
from partner organizations that respond to the needs of CICL and CAR,
and which examines the progress in the achievement of goals, as well as
identifies gaps and priorities for future action.

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 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

This situation analysis was developed from both qualitative and

quantitative data generated by the PCPC from various means such as
surveys, focus group discussions, and interviews among others.

In 2016, the PSWD Office in the Province attempted to come up with

a database of CICL and CAR. However, the result of the data collection
from the primary implementers which are the City/Municipal Government
Units (C/MGUs) turned out to be very low. Of the 8 C/MGUs, not even 50%
submitted data on served CAR and CICL. Hence, the consolidated data
could not represent the situation of CAR and CICL in the province.

To address this gap, the PCPC used the recorded data from the eight
(8) municipalities and one city in years 2016 by the Philippine National
Police (PNP)-Kalinga. This will be used as the baseline data for this
provincial situation of children in conflict with the law and children-at-risk.
The data of the PNP reflects some cases handled by the C/MSWDOs and
BCPCs. However, as a limitation, there are still number of cases not
captured in the data, particularly those cases that have been amicably
settled and some cases that were directly referred to the Kalinga Bodong
Council.

Based on the focus group discussions conducted with the Provincial

Council for the Protection of Children and the C/Municipal Council for the
Protection of Children, the some of the presented circumstances that
leads to the commission of an offense are congruent to those identified in
the analysis of situation of CAR and CICL during the workshop among
members of the different Local Council for the Protection of Children
(P/C/MLGUs.

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CHAPTER 4

PROVINCIAL PROFILE

The province of Kalinga

is located at the central part of
the Cordillera Administrative
Region. It lies at 121o17’ East
Longitude and 17o26’ North
Latitude of the earth. It is a
landlocked province bounded
by the provinces of Apayao on
the north, Cagayan and
Isabela on the east, Abra on
the west and Mountain
Province on the south.

Created under Republic

Act 7878, the province has a
total land area of 3,231.30
square kilometers covering
17% of the total CAR’s land Map 2
area. It is smaller than the
land area of the provinces of
Abra and Apayao but larger
than Mountain Province,
Benguet and Ifugao. Abra has the highest land area in the region while
Benguet has the least.

Table 1
Land Area and Number of Towns and Barangays by Province, CAR

%
Numbe Number
Land Share
  r of of
Area /1
of
Province Mun./ Barangay
(Sq. km.) Land
Cities/2 s/2
Area
Abra 4,165.30 21.8 27 303
Apayao 4,413.40 21.5 7 131
Baguio 48.9 0.3   129
City
Benguet 2,826.60 14.3 10 140
Ifugao 2,628.20 13.8 13 175
Kalinga 3,231.30 16.8 8 153
Mt. 2,157.40 11.5 11 144
Province
CAR 19,422.0 5.7 76 1,301
PHILIPPINE 0
343,448.3 100 1,496 41,945
S 0
7
 Sources: /1 Philippine Statistical Yearbook 2009, NSCB
/2
CAR Regional Social and Economic Trends 2009, NSCB

Kalinga is composed of seven (7) municipalities and one (1)

component city, the City of Tabuk, the capital town of the province. The
city is comprised of 42 barangays which is more than one-fourth of the
total barangays of the province.

Pinukpuk occupies the largest portion of the province’s land area

covering almost 23% of the total land area of the province. It is also the
second municipality of the province with the most number of barangays
next to Tabuk. On the other hand, with the smallest land area and the
least number of barangays is the municipality of Lubuagan covering mere
five percent of the total province’s land area and with only six percent of
the total 153 barangays.

Due to its geographical location being part of Northern Luzon,

Kalinga is one among the top 20 provinces which is highly at risk to the
occurrence of tropical depressions, tropical storms, typhoons and super
typhoons.

Table 2
Total Land Area and Number of Barangays
by Municipality, Kalinga

Municipalities Land % Number % share of

area Share of Barangays
(sq.km) Baranga
ys
Balbalan 546.44 16.91 14 9.20
Lubuagan 155.83 4.82 9 5.90
Pasil 199.00 6.16 14 9.20
Pinukpuk 728.60 22.55 23 15.00
Rizal 242.16 7.49 15 9.80
Tabuk City 674.90 20.89 42 27.50
Tanudan 386.41 11.96 16 10.50
Tinglayan 297.96 9.22 20 13.10
KALINGA 3,231.3 100.00 153 100.00
0
Note: The data are just GIS-generated using the Kalinga PENRO map
which is intended for planning purposes. This should not in any
way affect the IRA allocation of the province and component
municipalities and Tabuk City.

Based on the 2015 Population Census of the National Statistics

Office, CAR remains the least populated and least dense region
nationwide. The region’s population size accounts to less than two percent
of the total population nationwide with estimated density of only 89
persons per square kilometer. The region’s population growth rate

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decreased from 2.06% in the 2010 census year to 1.21 in the 2015 census
so its growth rate is lower as compared to the national average.

Excluding Baguio City, Benguet is the most populated province and

the most crowded province in the region. Its population is more than one-
fourth of the total region’s population with a density higher than the
regional average. Its population density of 6,517 is very high compared to
the average national density of 269 persons per square kilometer. In
terms of population growth rate, Kalinga reflected the highest with 3.41%
based on the 2007-2010 censuses even higher than the regional and
national average growth rates.

On the other hand, Apayao is the most sparsely populated province

but it is next to Kalinga in terms of average annual growth rate with
2.81% followed by Benguet 2.73% while Abra reflected the lowest average
annual rate of 0.54 only.

If the current population growth rate of Kalinga will continue over

the coming years, its population will double in 20 years and that will be in
2030. This would mean more target population in terms of social services
and additional areas for settlement and production purposes.

Population, Annual Population Growth Rate& Density

By Province, CAR 2010-2015

Land Pop APG APG Pop Pop

Pop
Province Pop 2015 Area Share R R Densi Densi
2010
Sq. Km 2015 2007 2010 ty ty
ABRA 234,733 241,160 4,165.30 (%)
14.00 -0.54 -0.52 2010
56 2015
58
APAYAO 112,636 119,184 4,413.40 6.92 2.81 1.08 26 27
BAGUIO 318,676 345,366 48.9 20.06 1.82 1.54 6,517 7,063
CITY
BENGUET 403,944 446,224 2,826.60 25.91 2.73 1.91 143 158
IFUGAO 191,078 202,802 2,628.20 11.78 1.88 1.14 73 77
KALINGA 201,613 212,680 3,231.30 12.35 3.41 1.02 62 66
MT. 154,187 154,590 2,157.40 8.98 1.22 0.05 71 72
PROVINCE 1,616,86 19,422.0 100.0
CAR 1,722,006 2.06 1.21 83 89
PHILIPPINE 7
92,337,8 100,981, 0
343,448. 0
1.71 1.39 1.72 269 294
S 52 437 30

Key Statistics about the Province of Kalinga

Total population (2015)

212,680
Population aged 0 to below 18 (2015) (in 89,360
thousands) 0 to 4 years 23,205
4 to 9 years 24,047
10 to 14 years 23,760
15 to 18 years 18,348
Percentage of population 5 years and over who

9
have reached secondary level of education (%) 31,799 or 14.95%
(2015)
Percentage of population 5 years and over who 19,324 or 9.08%
have some tertiary or higher level of education
(%) (2015)
Range of poverty incidence (%) (2015) 24.2
Proportion of population below national poverty 10,215 families
threshold (%) (2015)
Range of crime incident percentage (%) (2015) .55
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA, 2015); Philippine Statistics
Authority Cordillera Administrative Region (PSA CAR, 2012); Philippine
National Police (2015)

Provincial Population Size, Distribution

As of 2015 census, the province has a total population of 212,680

which accounts for 12.35% of the total regional population. The newly
created city of Tabuk remains to be the concentration of population in the
province with 52.02% which is more than half of the total population of
the entire province. It is second in terms of growth rate of 2.11% with
Tanudan as the first with a growth rate of 3.78% surpassing the provincial,
regional and national average. The economic and social services and
opportunities that the city caters are the main reasons why population
tends to move to the city. The concreting of road from Tabuk City to
Tanudan has motivated the residents of the place to go back to the their
beloved hometown.

The municipality of Pinukpuk exhibits the second highest in

population which accounted for 15.06% of the total province’s population.
The rest of the municipalities have less than ten percent population share
to the province such that when combined altogether, their population is
even lesser than Tabuk’s population. It is noted though that Lubuagan
has the least population share with 4.11% of the province’s population.

Population Distribution, 2015

10
 Kalinga Province

Population Distribution, 2015 (%)

Poverty

As of 2015 NCSB Figures, poverty incidence in the province stood at 24.2%

reflecting a magnitude of 10,215 families living below the poverty threshold.

First Semester Per Capita threshold and Poverty Incidence,

CAR: 2006, 2009, 2012 & 2015
First Semester per Capita Poverty Incidence among
Province Poverty Threshold Families
2006 2009 2012 2015 2006 2009 2012 2015
Abra 7273 8753 9908 10703 41.6 41.8 34.4 32.6
Apayao 6835 8210 9936 10469 51.3 0 43.9 0 59.8 0 37.5
Benguet 6744 8,096 9407 11374 6.10 0 7.00 0 4.30 0 6.4
Ifugao 7183 8,647 9999 11255 32.8 28.1 47.5 32.8
Kalinga 0
6518 7,843 8712 10215 43.6 25.8 29.4 0 0 24.2
Mt. Province 55 0
7598 9,129 1075 11809 40.2 42.6 34.8 0 0 40.7
CAR 7013 8,492 9734 3 11017 25.6 0 25.8 0 22.6 0 20.6
PHILIPPINE 6703 8,448 9385 10969 23.4 0 22.9 0 22.3 0 21.1
S Source: NSCB 0 0 0

In terms of education, as of 2013 and relative to the other Philippine

regions, the Cordillera region reported the second highest proportion of

11
the population (25.6%) who completed at least first year of college
education while a greater percentage (32.3%) have reached high school
or graduated from high school.

The Cordillera Region is rich in natural resources. It is especially famed for

its huge gold deposits, pure stands of pine forest, and rich soils and water
sources that have enabled its people to sustain agriculture on
mountainside rice terraces. The major commodities and productivity are
rice, vegetables, corn coffee, root crops and others. Nonetheless, the
provinces in the Cordillera region belong to 2nd to 4th income class, with
Benguet as the only province to be classified as 2nd class; Abra, Apayao,
Kalinga and Ifugao classified as 3rd class; and, Mountain Province
classified as 4th class. Baguio City, which is a chartered city in the region,
has been classified as a first class, highly urbanized city, while Tabuk City,
which is a component city, belongs to the 5th income class.

At present, the region is being prepared towards a regional

autonomous government status as provided by the 1987 Constitution. The
Third Organic Act or House Bill 5595 was filed in Congress on December 7,
2012 and its counterpart Senate Bill 3115 in the Senate by Sen. Aquilino
Pimentel III in early 2012.

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 CHAPTER 5

THE SITUATION OF CHILDREN IN CONFLICT WITH THE LAW

AND CHILDREN AT RISK

Part 1. Assessment of the CICL and CAR in the Province

Children in Conflict with the Law

For the period 2015 to 2016, a total of 58 CICL cases have been
reported in the entire Province, with a decrease of 10.7% from 30 in 2015
to 28 in 2016. In terms of sex, a larger proportion of male than female
CICLs has been noted in year 2015 and in 2016 no female CICL was
recorded.

Series 1
Series 1

28
23

7 0

Mal e F em al e Mal e fem al e

2016

Figure 1. CICL Distribution by Sex

In the following table, the biggest number of CICLs is reported in

Tabuk City both for the years 2015 and 2016. This is followed by the
Municipality of Pinukpuk. No cases o CICL is reported by the other
municipalities except for Rizal with 3 cases in 2015 and Balbalan with 1
case in 2016.

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Table 1: CICL Distribution by City/Municipality and Sex

2015 2016
CITY/MUNICIPA
Tota
LITY M F Total M F
l
BALBALAN 1 1
LUBUAGAN
PASIL
PINUKPUK 4 4
RIZAL 3 3
TABUK 27 20 7 23 23
TANUDAN
TINGLAYAN
TOTAL 30 28

CICLs aged below 15 decreased to 9 in 2016 from 10 in 2015. In

contrary, CICLs aged above 15 to below 18 increased in 2016 from 13 to
19.

20
18
16
14
12
19
10
8 13
6
10 9
4
2
0
Below 15 Above 15 but below 18 Below 15 Above 15 but below 18

Figure 2. Age Distribution of CICLs

For CICLs aged below 15, an increase in number can be observed in

Tabuk City. Rizal has cleared its record in this age category in 2016.
Balbalan has reported one case in 2016

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Table 2: CICL Distribution per Municipality and Age

2015 2016
CITY/MUNICIPALITY Above 15 Above 15
Below Below
but but below
15 15
below 18 18
BALBALAN 1
LUBUAGAN
PASIL
PINUKPUK 4
RIZAL 3
TABUK 7 20 8 15
TANUDAN
TINGLAYAN
TOTAL 10 20 9 19
Based on data from the Women and Children’s Protection Desk
(WCPD, 2015), the leading offenses committed by CICL in the Province
include theft, physical injury, robbery, malicious mischief, and R.A. 9165,
otherwise known as the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002.
While there is an established Bahay Pag-asa in the Province, there
are no reported CICL placed in the center for 2016.
Children at Risk

In 2015 to 2016, the total number of CAR was reported to be 115,

with females comprising a greater proportion of the total CAR compared
to males. Consistently, the number of CAR decreased across sex for a
period of two years.

15
 51

31

21

12

Male Female Male Female

2016

Figure 1. CAR Distribution by Sex

The number of CAR has dramatically decreased from 63 in 2015 to

52 in 2016. Tabuk City, Pinukpuk, Balbalan, Pasil, Tanudan and Rizal
recorded incidence of CAR in the province in these two years. Tabuk City
comprised more than 78.26% of the total CAR in the province.

Table 1: CAR Distribution by City/Municipality and Sex

CITY/MUNICIPALI 2015 2016

TY Total M F Total M F
BALBALAN 2 2 6 6
LUBUAGAN
PASIL 1 1
PINUKPUK 7 7 1 1
RIZAL 2 2 2 1 1
TABUK 47 12 37 43 14 29
TANUDAN 2 1
TINGLAYAN
TOTAL 63 12 50 52 21 31

Across sex, the number of CAR decreased in 2016 although the data
was only reported in Tabuk City, Pinukpuk, Balabalan, Tanudan Rizal, and
Pasil.

Table 2: CAR Distribution by Municipality and Age

16
 2015 2016
CITYMUNICIPA Above 15 Above 15
Below Below
LITY but but below
15 15
below 18 18
BALBALAN 2 6
LUBUAGAN
PASIL 1 1 2
PINUKPUK 3 4
RIZAL 2
TABUK 39 10 31 12
TANUDAN 1 1
TINGLAYAN
TOTAL 48 15 38 14

Part 2. Analysis of the Major Causes of CICL and CAR in the

Cordillera

Analysis of Causes at the Demand Side

Generally, CICL and CAR come from large families. It is imperative

that parents (in most cases) are engaged in livelihood activities to provide
the basic needs of their families, thus, have limited quality time with their
children to provide guidance and supervision.

CICL and CAR are also exposed to vices, violence, and criminality.
There is violence in the family and there are cases where either one of
their parents is in detention. Their exposure to violence through media
also decreases their inhibition to display offensive behavior.

Parenting style of most parents perpetuates the “macho image”, as

a displayed by the use of corporal punishment and teaching children on
traditional gender roles.

There is still the prevalence of the use of cultural practice on conflict

resolution, such as amicable settlement initiated by elders, but this
practice neglects the treatment of the offensive behavior of the CICL.

Analysis of Causes at the Supply Side

Programs to prevent children from becoming CICL are non-existent

or limited in the barangays. Community-based initiated sports and other
youth development activities are limited and/or intermittent thus, children
and youth resort to unguided recreational activities. Moreover, children
and youth are not encouraged to participate in activities that enhance
their sense of “community belonging.” CAR and CICL are “isolated” from
SK-initiated activities and projects.

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 Programs and services for CAR and CICL seem to be of the least
priority with limited funds allocation. In LGUs, there is a lone social worker
who provides social service to all types of clients, the reason why
intervention plan for CICL is not properly implemented, monitored, and
assessed. Their attendance to meetings in several special bodies takes
much of their time from direct service to their clients.

There are six (6) LGUs with no social worker since it is not
mandatory to hire a social worker for the LSWDO position based on RA
7160. In LGUs where there are social workers, competence on the use of
intensive interventions is found wanting.

It is recognized that collaborative effort in addressing CICL issues

contributes to his or her successful reformation. It is observed though,
that there is “disconnect” among programs provided. Likewise, there is
high dependence on the social worker and the task of other duty-bearers
as described by the law is poorly performed.

Analysis of Causes at the Enabling Environment Side

Retributive justice still remains the philosophical framework of the

majority of duty-bearers. Likewise, majority of duty bearers do not
recognize that the performance of their roles is an obligation to respond to
the child’s claim of his or her right.

Budget for programs and services for CICL and CAR receive the least
allocation. Service quality is not ensured due to the absence of child
protection policy, non-accreditation of Bahay Pag-asa, lack of diversion
programs, and juvenile crime prevention programs.

Very few chairpersons of LCPCs are not oriented or have limited

orientation on child protection thus limiting their leadership and
management on programs and services for children in general.

There exists enough child protection ordinances and policies crafted

by legislative bodies in the LGUs but there is a need for its proper
implementation and monitoring of its effectiveness.

CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

18
 This chapter concludes the situational analysis conducted by the
members of the PCPC with the use of varied methodologies in gathering
and assessing data. Furthermore, this chapter provides recommendations
for stakeholders responding to the needs of CAR and CICL in the Province.

Conclusions

Majority of reported cases of CICL and CAR come from urban and
semi-urban areas. Additionally, there is greater number of males as
compared to females. Although overall, there has been an overall
decrease in the number of CICLs aged below 15 and above 15 but below
18 in the years 2015 and 2016, the decrease in the number of CICL whose
age ranged from below 15 was greater than the decrease among those
above 15 but below 18 years old. In terms of CAR, it has to be noted that
the incidence reports only originated from the City of Tabuk and from the
five (5) municipalities of the province namely, Pinukpuk, Balbalan, Rizal,
Pasil, and Tanudan. Further investigation is needed to verify the presence
or absence of CAR in the other municipalities. The definition of CAR may
need to be explicated in order to standardize the collection and reporting
of data.

Meanwhile, it appears that poverty is a contributory factor to the

development of offensive behavior caused by lack of parental guidance
and supervision. Also, exposure to violence, either direct (domestic
violence) or indirect (mass media), “normalizes” the behavior among
children.

Rearing children of these ages require different parenting style, i.e.

authoritative style. Additionally, while it may be acceptable to use cultural
alternative conflict resolution strategies initiated by elders in the
community, the aspect of behavioral modification must not be neglected.
Thus, intervention by professional experts must not be overlooked.

Juvenile crime prevention programs are limited and if there are,

CICL and CAR are seldom involved or have limited participation.

Recommendations:

Policy Recommendations

The local legislative bodies need to regularly measure the

effectiveness of the policies and issuances they had crafted and
implemented by the local executive branch.

Inclusion of criteria for the assessment of programs and services for

CICL needs to be included in the Child Friendly Local Governance Audit.

Program and Advocacy Recommendations:

19
 Strong leadership is valuable in the successful implementation of
child protection programs. Local chief executives are mandated to ensure
adequate resource allocation, innovate programs, and quality service
delivery.

Rights-based approach in programming and results-based

management are recommended planning approaches to local government
units. These prevent the development of programs on a “tokenism” level.

The Philippine National Police can intensify their “Cops on the Block
Program” to include reintegrated CICL in the community. Juvenile crime
prevention programs can be intensified through their advocacy and IEC
activities in organized settings such as schools, during family
development sessions, community assemblies, and others.

Collaborative efforts by stakeholders in the management of CICL

cases (multi-agency, interdisciplinary team approach) ensures holistic
intervention. The use of this approach is recommended to direct agencies
handling cases of CICL, such as LSWDOs, PNP, NGOs, whose programs are
beneficial to a particular case. An intensive capacity-building program on
the use of this approach is recommended.

The Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) is

encouraged to organize a training focused on child protection with a
mandate that requires the attendance of mayors to such training. Mayors
are the chairpersons of the LCPCs and it is important that they are
knowledgeable on Child Protection that may strengthen their support of
child protection programs and other child initiatives.

Documentation, Research and Development

Local planning offices need to update existing situation reports and

collect performance reports on children as bases for planning activities at
the LGU level.

LGUs need to document good practices that had created social

impact to be published and marketed for possible replication and for
policy and program development.

A web-based Management Information System/database to be

developed by the RJJWC and to be adopted by the LGUs is strongly
recommended.

Monitoring and Evaluation

RJJWC members are encouraged to strengthen the mentoring and

coaching, monitoring and evaluation of programs and services for CICL
and CAR.

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A CICL “back on track” means one life saved.

Approved:

JOCEL COLLADO BAAC

PCPC Chairperson

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