Why Jacketed Piping is used?

Ans: It is commonly used to convey very viscous process fluids in an inner pipe, heated by steam/hot
water/hot oil or other heating medium between the jacket and core pipe. Vacuum jacketing is also used as
an insulator for cryogenic fluids and can be analyzed using the same calculation method for heated
jacketed piping.

If water (density=1000Kg/m3) is flowing through the jacket then what is value of

density you will enter into Caesar spreadsheet?

Ans: We have to calculate equivalent density for the same. The following formula can be used
Actual jacket fluid equivalent density = [(rj2 - Rc2)/ rj2 ] x dj
Where,         rj  = Inner radius of core
Rc = Outer radius of pipe
                              

                    dj   =  Density of heating medium

What are the major stress checks that you will perform while analysing Jacketed
Piping system?

Ans:
·       Sustained And Expansion Stress Check Limits of calculated stresses due to sustained
loads (primary stresses) and displacement strain due to expansion (secondary stresses)
should be evaluated separately for core and jacket pipe (as per clause 302.3.5 of ASME
B31.3).

·       Checking of buckling load. (Manual Calculation):

This check will not be performed by Caesar-II as it is not in the code. However it will provide
force calculated at the junction point (P) between core and jacket. It should be less than Pcr
which is given by the formula
                             Pcr = 4π2 *Ec*Ic ,   For Core
                                                    L2
                                    Pcr = 4π2 *Ej*Ij ,   For Jacket
                                                    L2
Where,
                             P = Force calculated by computer program at junction point
                             Pcr = Critical force
                             Ec, Ej = Modulus of Elasticity of core/ jacket material
                             Ic = Moment of Inertia of Core
                             Ij = Moment of Inertia of Jacket
                             L = Length of pipe between junction of core/ jacket.
If P ≤ Pcr then no buckling failure
·       Weld strength check between jacket and core pipe:
P calculated at the junction point between core & jacket pipe compared with allowable load
at the weld point.
                             P allowed = area of weld * 80% of hot allowable stress of material
                             Area of weld = π D * root of weld
                             D = Diameter of core pipe
                             Root of weld = 0.707 * weld size
If P calculated ≤P allowed, then the system is safe
·       Checking of deflection of jacket:
In this case, it is assumed that no spider/spacer is used between core and jacket. Deflection for the jacket
with available length has to be computed and should be ensured that it does not create obstruction to the
flow of hot medium in the jacket. Normally maximum allowed deflection of jacket is T/2, where T is the
thickness of jacket.

·       Checking for External Pressure (By material Group):

Sometimes jacket may be subjected to partial vacuum conditions due to failure of steam
supply and subsequent condensation of steam inside the jacket. In such cases, jacket should
be checked for vacuum condition.
Like another example in a system the core is at a pressure of 30 psig and the jacket is at a
pressure of 180 psig, then the core is subjected to an external pressure of 150 psig. For this
the core must be investigated for collapse or local buckling from the external pressure load
(Refer para 304.1.3 of ASME B31.3 and UG-28 through UG-30 of ASME BPVC Section-VIII
Division-I)
·       Checking for Axial stress:
As per ASME B31.3 calculated displacement stress range (Expansion case stress) is
SE = (Sb2 + 4St2)1/2. Code does not take into account the axial forces and consequent axial
stress in calculating expansion stresses. This is because for the normal pipe axial forces are
normally due to longitudinal stresses which is already taken care in thickness calculation
and sustained stress calculations, but in case of jacketed piping, axial stresses at core-jacket
junction point is just not due to longitudinal stresses, but mainly due to differential thermal
expansion of core and jacket pipes. Thus calculated stress should be corrected by adding
axial stresses for local analysis of that particular junction point. Thus,
                                         Actual StressSEa = SE + Axial Force/ Area
Axial force can be obtained from CAESAR output or can be calculated by the equation,
                                         Faxial = E x ΔL x Area
                                                               L
Or else, CAESAR also calculates the value of axial stresses which it calculates for operating
case. Activate the option “Add F/A in stress” in configuration file. Axial stress due to thermal
differential is added to the calculated expansion stress and then it should be compared with
the allowable loads as per ASME B31.3.
What allowable value is considered for welding check at core jacket
interconnection?

Ans:
Two methods are prevalent. You have to consider any one of the following (discuss with the
stress lead)
a) Consider the 0.6 times of electrode tensile strength (As per AISC code)
b) Consider SE=1.25Sc+0.25Sh of electrode as allowable (as per secondary stress
generated theory)