International Baccalaureate

Biology Extended Essay

Research Topic:

The impact of varying wavelengths and light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.

Research Question:

What effect do the wavelength of light (700-635 nm, 590-560 nm, 560-520 nm, 490-450

nm) and the light intensity (30 cm, 60 cm, 90 cm) have on the rate of photosynthesis

calculated by measuring average decrease in the amount of CO 2 in the system as a

result of projecting light for ten minutes on Syngonium podophyllum?

Word count-3999

Date-May, 2020

1
Table of Contents
Research Question:........................................................................................................6

Introduction......................................................................................................................6

Process of photosynthesis:..................................................................................................6

Light energy:.......................................................................................................................... 7

Pigments related to photosynthesis:...................................................................................8

Factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis:...................................................................10

Pigments and absorption of light:......................................................................................12

Reason for using Syngonium podophyllum for the experiment:.....................................13

Significance and worthiness of experiment......................................................................13

Variables.........................................................................................................................14

Independent Variable:......................................................................................................... 14

Dependent Variable:............................................................................................................ 14

Control Variable:.................................................................................................................. 14

Hypothesis.....................................................................................................................16

Materials and apparatus...............................................................................................16

Methodology..................................................................................................................16

Setting up the plant-............................................................................................................ 16

2
 Setting up the apparatus-....................................................................................................17

Conducting the experiment-...............................................................................................17

Results............................................................................................................................18

Evaluation......................................................................................................................23

Results.................................................................................................................................. 23

Procedure............................................................................................................................. 26

Conclusion.....................................................................................................................27

References.....................................................................................................................30

Appendices....................................................................................................................34

Appendix 1.1: Graphs of all the experimental data...........................................................34

Appendix 1.2: Raw Data......................................................................................................52

3
Research Question:

What effect do the wavelength of light (700-635 nm, 590-560 nm, 560-520 nm, 490-450

nm) and the light intensity (30 cm, 60 cm, 90 cm) have on the rate of photosynthesis

calculated by measuring average decrease in the amount of CO 2 in the system as a

result of projecting light for ten minutes on Syngonium podophyllum?

Introduction

Process of photosynthesis:

Photosynthesis1 is the process used by plants, algae and certain bacteria to harness

energy from sunlight and turn it into chemical energy. The equation for the process is:

6 CO 2+12 H 2 O → C6 H 12 O 6 +6 O 2+ 6 H 2 O

This process take place in the presence of light source and chlorophyll. There are

various processes taking place while photosynthesis is happening, such as the light

dependent and light independent reaction happening inside the chloroplast.

1
Cornell, Brent. “Photosynthesis.” BioNinja, 2016, ib.bioninja.com.au/higher-level/topic-

8-metabolism-cell/untitled-2/photosynthesis.html.

4
Light energy:

Light is a form of energy which travels in the form of an electromagnetic waves 2.

Different electromagnetic wavelengths have a particular wavelength of its own, which

mean that the distance between the trough of one wave to the other is varies in different

light waves. Less energy is possessed by the waves which have longer wavelengths.

Figure 1: Electromagnetic spectrum.

Visible light is electromagnetic radiations which have a wavelength of 400-700nm. It

appears white from the sun but actually consists of various wavelengths of light. When

the light is passed through a prism a band of light could be observed, with red having

the longest wavelength and the least energy and violet having the shortest wavelength

and the highest energy.

2
“Wavelengths of Light and Photosynthetic Pigments (Article).” Khan Academy, Khan

Academy, www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/photosynthesis-in-plants/the-light-dependent-

reactions-of-photosynthesis/a/light-and-photosynthetic-pigments.

5
Light exhibits the properties of both wave and particle. When light particles are known

as photons which has a certain amount of energy. Waves with long wavelength have

high energy photons whereas short wavelengths have ow energy photons.

Pigments related to photosynthesis:

During photosynthesis, light energy is converted into chemical energy by the various

photosynthetic organisms. As there are various lights, with different wavelengths, the

photosynthetic organisms could not do it on its own and require different types of

pigments 3to do so. These photosynthetic organisms contain these pigments which use

these to absorb certain wavelengths of light only and reflecting the other ones.

There are three key pigments which h are used in photosynthesis, which are chlorophyll

a, chlorophyll b and β−¿carotene4. The colors which are reflected are the colors which

are not absorbed by the pigments and the rest of the colors are absorbed. The picture

below would show the absorption spectrum of the aforementioned pigments.

3
“Structural Role of Carotenoids in Photosynthetic Membranes.” Structural Role of

Carotenoids in Photosynthetic Membranes, zfn.mpdl.mpg.de/data/Reihe_C/51/ZNC-

1996-51c-0763.pdf.

4
“Wavelengths of Light and Photosynthetic Pigments (Article).” Khan Academy, Khan

Academy, www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/photosynthesis-in-plants/the-light-dependent-

reactions-of-photosynthesis/a/light-and-photosynthetic-pigments.

6
Figure 2: Absorption spectra of various pigments.

From the above diagrams we could observe that how these pigments would absorb only

a few wavelengths of light while they reflect the others.

Chlorophyll: There are five types of chlorophyll: chlorophyll a, b, c, d and f amongst

which chlorophyll a and b are the most common type of chlorophyll found in plants.

Seen from the diagram chlorophyll pigments absorb red and blue wavelengths from the

absorption spectrum. Structurally, it is hydrophobic from its tail which inserts into the

thylakoid and has a porphyrin ring on its head which absorbs the light.

Figure 3: Structure of chlorophyll a.

Both chlorophyll a and b absorb light and plays a crucial role in photosynthesis, but not

all plants necessarily have chlorophyll b present in them whereas any organism which
7
photosynthesizes necessarily have chlorophyll a in them. Therefore, all the pigments

which are present in the plants other than chlorophyll a are known as accessory

pigments. The use of these accessory pigments increases the range of the wavelength

of light which is absorbed.

Carotenoids: From the above diagram we could see that how this pigment absorbs

violet and blue-green light. These are used to color the fruits and flowers and attract

various animals towards it. Other than assisting in photosynthesis it plays a major role in

getting rid of the extra light as well. When light is incident on the leaves, a huge amount

of energy is given off, which can spoil the photosynthetic machinery, and to avoid that

the carotenoids absorb the extra energy and dissipate it as heat.

Factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis:

There are various factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis, the major ones being:

1) The wavelength of light5- Aforementioned, it was seen that how Chlorophyll A and B

along with carotenoids are very efficient in absorbing blue and red light. The most

absorbed light according to the pigments presents in the plant should be blue thereafter

it should be red.

5
Allott, Andrew. “Effect of Wavelength on Photosynthesis.” 8.2 Lecture Notes, 7 Nov.

2016, blog.canacad.ac.jp/bio/BiologyIBHL1/1121.html.

8
Figure 4: Effectiveness of photosynthesis at different wavelengths of light.

2) Intensity of light6- Light which is incident on the leaves are absorbed by the

chlorophyll, which converts light energy into chemical energy. When the intensity of light

increases, greater number of chlorophyll get exposed to sunlight therefore more

chlorophyll get activated. After certain time the rate of photosynthesis would not

increase any further as all the chlorophyll present in the leaves are exposed to the light

and therefore the reaction would be saturated and no further increase in rate of reaction

would occur.

6
Cornell, Brent. “Limiting Factors of Photosynthesis.” BioNinja, 2016,

ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic-2-molecular-biology/29-photosynthesis/limiting-

factors.html.

9
Figure 5: Effect of light intensity on rate of photosynthesis.

Pigments and absorption of light:

When light strikes and is absorbed by the pigments, the photons become excited which

means they have gained some energy and at a subatomic level, the term excited refers

to the electrons which shift to higher energy levels after gaining extra energy.

The photons with the right amount of energy can excite the pigments which are present

in the leaves. This is the reason why the pigments absorb selective wavelengths only.

Figure 6: Excitation and absorption of electrons.

10
These excited pigments are not stable and need some way to stabilize. This is done by

transferring the extra energy to the adjacent molecule in the form of electrons which

thereby assists the light dependent and independent reaction.

Reason for using Syngonium podophyllum for the experiment:

Syngonium podophyllum grows both in water and soil. It is a houseplant which could

withstand different condition making the plant ideal for growth. These plants do not

require much maintenance as they are hardy plants which could survive different

conditions. In this setup it is grown in water because it is grown inside a glass vessel

which does not have any holes at the bottom for the flow of the excessive water out of

the soil. The retention of water for a long duration in the soil results in the wearing away

of the plant. Whereas growing it in water is more convenient because it requires less

maintenance, i.e., only changing the water of the vessel every week.

Significance and worthiness of experiment

Photosynthesis is the process of food production by the plants, this has always intrigues

me whether increasing the rate of photosynthesis would assist in plant growth or not.

Hydroponics7 is method of plant growth using water or nutrient liquid rather than the

conventional soil. This method assists in plant growth as incase of plants which are

planted in soil, the nutrient provided by nutrient go to the soil rather than to the plants

but when they are grown in water or nutrient liquid, the nutrient provided is absorbed by
7
“What Is Hydroponics? - A Simple Introduction.” Explain That Stuff, 5 Jan. 2019,

www.explainthatstuff.com/hydroponics.html.

11
the plants directly therefore assisting plant growth. From this experiment, I would like to

check whether different factors affecting rate of photosynthesis, i.e., wavelength of light

and intensity of light, affect the rate of growth in plants which are grown using

hydroponics.

Variables

Independent Variable:

Table 1: Independent Variable

Independent
Value which were used How It was Varied
Variable
The color of the light was varied
by using cellophane papers of
700-635 nm, 590-560 nm,
Color of Light different colors (red, blue, green,
560-520 nm, 490-450 nm.
yellow).
As the intensity  distance-1,
therefore when the distance
between the object and light
Intensity of Light 30 cm, 60 cm, 90 cm.
increases the light intensity
decreases.
Dependent Variable:

Table 2: Dependent Variable

Dependent
How it was calculated
Variable
A setup was put up in dark where Syngonium podophyllum was
placed a closed container with one outlet for the CO 2 sensor.
The initial amount of CO2 would be measured and then the light
source was switched on for ten minutes and then it was be
switched off. After a while, when the CO2 level stabilizes in the
Rate of
container the light source was shifted a little behind and again
Photosynthesis
the CO2 level was calculated. The following steps are to be
taken for three distances and for four different colors of light.

12
Control Variable:

Table 3: Control Variable

How it would be
Control Variable Importance of Controlling
controlled
If the light is incident for more time
The duration of the time
the amount of photosynthesis which
for which the light would
takes place would be greater
incident on the plant would
therefore the volume of CO2
be for ten minutes and to
present in the system would be less
ensure this, a digital
Duration whereas the volume would be
chronometer would be
greater when the light would be
used.
incident for a lesser duration
This process requires water to carry
forward. If there is no water the
Using a 200 cm3
reactions would not take place and
volumetric flask, 200 cm3
Water therefore there might be some
of water would be added.
faults with the readings.
Different plants have different rate
of photosynthesis even if they
The same plant would be belong to the species due to which
Plant for Readings used for all the readings. the same plant should be used for
the experiment.
While the experiment If there is some other source of
would be conducted, the light, it could hasten the process of
Darkness room in which it would be photosynthesis causing major
conducted would be changes in the amount of CO2
completely dark. decreased in the system.
In the experiment the intensity of
The light bulb used for this light would be varied by shifting the
Light Bulb experiment was the same position of the plants rather than
throughout with a power of changing the power supply of the
100 watts. bulb, therefore a constant power
light bulb is required.
As photosynthesis is an enzyme
All the experiments were involving chemical reaction,
conducted in an therefore as the temperature
Temperature airconditioned increases the rate of
environment because of photosynthesis increases up till 40°
which the temperature C after which the enzyme
was the same throughout. denatures, and no photosynthesis
would take place.

13
Hypothesis

The rate of photosynthesis would vary significantly when different wavelengths of lights

are incident which have different intensity. As from the above explanation we could see

that how the increase in the intensity would increase the rate of photosynthesis and

varies with different wavelengths.

Materials and apparatus

Table 4: Materials/Apparatus used.

Apparatus/Material Quantity Uncertainty

20% of
CO2 Sensor 1
reading
Syngonium podophyllum 1
Filament Light Lamp
1
(100 watts)
Measuring Tape (one meter) 1 0.5 cm
Cellophane 1 Blue, 1 Red, 1 Green, 1 Yellow
Vaseline 1
Measuring cylinder (200 cm3) 1 0.5 cm3
Tapes 1 each
(green and red)
Glass container with the top open 1
Saran wrap 1roll
Paper cutter 1

Methodology

Setting up the plant-

1)Take a Syngonium podophyllum and cut a small part

14
2)Take a small cutting using a paper cutter of Syngonium podophyllum having some

outgrown roots.

3)Take a glass vessel and add some water and then the plant with the roots submerged

in water.

Setting up the apparatus-

4)Mark a spot with a red tape on the work station.

5)Take a measuring tape and mark three points each at a distance of 30 cm (in line with

the red tape) using a green tape.

6)Place the glass vessel with the plant on the red tape.

10)Take the (light source) and cover it with a cellophane paper and place it on the green

tape closest to the plant facing the direction of light towards the plant with all the lights

switched off.

11)Place the CO2 sensor in the space provided and switch it on.

12)Let the sensor acclimatize to the environment for ninety second.

13)Take some Vaseline and put it all around the base and around the hole of the CO 2

sensor too let no air pass through changing the amount of CO 2 inside the system.

Conducting the experiment-

14)Once the ninety second are over, turn on the light source and plot the graph of the

CO2 level present in the system.

15
15)Set a stopwatch of ten minutes.

16)Once the ten minutes are over, turn off the light and analyze the graph and take

down the reading.

17)Let the plant rest for some time and repeat the steps 13-15 three times.

18)Now place the light source on the remaining green tape spot and repeat steps 13-15.

19)Change the cellophane paper after all the readings are taken and repeat steps 13-17

20)Repeat steps 13-18 for the remaining colors (red, blue and yellow) of cellophane

paper.

Results

All the graphs of the readings are in the appendix 1.1.

All the raw data is in appendix 1.2.

A sample calculation has been done below.

16
Figure 10: Graph of yellow light 30 cm away from the plant(Reading 1).

Figure 11: Graph of yellow light 30 cm away from the plant(Reading 2).

17
Figure 12: Graph of yellow light 30 cm away from the plant(Reading 3).

18
Table 5: The initial and final level of CO2 in the system when yellow light is incident.

Difference in level of CO2= Final level of CO2 – Initial level of CO2

=10684 – 10836

= -142

Table 6:Difference in CO2 level in the system when light is incident.

I have used ANOVA method of two factor with replication to analyze the data and test

my hypothesis. A two way ANOVA evaluates the impact of two variables on a sole
19
response variable. In the experiment that was conducted, the rate of photosynthesis

(dependent variable) was affected by the wavelength of light and the intensity of light

(independent variable). Therefore, this method of hypothesis testing is ideal for this

experimentation, as it has two independent variables and one dependent variable.

Null Hypothesis:

The rate of photosynthesis would not vary significantly when different wavelengths and

intensity of lights are projected on the plant.

Table 7: Results of the ANOVA test.

20
21
Evaluation

Results

From the processed data we could observe that the rate of photosynthesis when the

plants are moved away from the light source decreases as the CO 2 in the glass vessel

does not decrease as significantly as when the plant was the closest to the light source.

The mean value of CO2 drop at 30 cm was −302.08333 where at 90 cm it was 152.5.

From this results we could observe that how the CO 2 level dipped when the plants were

closest to the light source and how they maximised the rate of photosynthesis, whereas

at the furthest distance, it could be observed that instead of photosynthesizing, the

plants were respiring as the CO 2 level inside the glass vessel increased. From this

observation we get to know that as the intensity of light increases the rate of

photosynthesis increases and as the intensity decreases the rate decreases as well.

From this we get to know the direct relation between the intensity of light and rate of

reaction.

It could be observed that at different wavelengths of light, the average CO 2 level in the

glass vessel varied. The highest rate of photosynthesis was possessed by blue light in

which -715.55556 units of CO 2 was converted into O2 by the process of photosynthesis

whereas yellow light displayed the lowest rate of photosynthesis that is 1624.11111

units of CO2 added inside the glass vessel as the plants were respiring instead of

photosynthesizing under this light. Red light showed the second highest rate of

photosynthesizing by a conversion of -328.88889 units of CO 2 and green light took up

the third place by respiring and adding 242.111111units of CO 2 into the glass vessel.
22
Though the processed data shows that as the intensity of light increases, the rate of

photosynthesis increases and that blue light would have the highest rate of

photosynthesis and green and yellow light will have lower rate of photosynthesis, which

proves the biological hypothesis is true because of the theory; but the statistical

hypothesis is not true as it is not giving significant results. Therefore the null hypothesis

could not by discarded.

The alternate hypothesis has been proven false for the data, as F< F crit. The p value is

the probability of obtaining test results and the α value is the is the statistical

significance which is the likelihood that the relation between two or more variables is

caused by something other than chances. To prove a statistic correct, the α > p−value.

Even the P−values of the data are greater than the α =0.05 which means that the data

does not have much significance thereby falsifying the alternate hypothesis.

23
Graph 1: Bar graph representing average difference of CO 2 and the color of light.

24
 10000

8000

6000
Average difference of Carbon dioxide

4000

2000

0
1 2 3 4

-2000

30 cm 60 cm 90 cm

In the above graph 1,2,3,4 represent yellow, green, red, blue colors respectively.

25
Procedure

Table 8: Strengths and its importance.

Strengths Significance
As the light had to be incident on the leaves of the plant
Using a glass vessel directly, using a glass vessel made it easier and
convenient to incident the light without any obstruction.
Aforementioned, the vessel used for the experiment did
Plant which grows both in not have any holes so that excess water could flow out
water and soil and water of the vessel so a plant which grew in both soil and
as a medium of plant water was used so that the issue of excess water
growth drainage is removed and the plant could grow inside the
water without decaying.
As the experiment were to be done in a dark room, and
Conducting experiment in
for that purpose I used the procurement room, adjacent
a dark room.
to lab.

Table 9: Weakness and possible improvement.

Weakness Significance Possible Improvement

Two pipes could be places
inside the glass vessel with the
saran wrap around it. One pipe
CO2 is the main compound
could be submerged into the
which is required for the
water and the other could be
experiment to take place, but
kept above the water level. The
as the container in which the
pipe which was submerged
experiment was conducted
CO2 in the glass inside the water could be used
was sealed there was no way
vessel exhausted to bubble in CO2 from the air
by which the CO2 could
after sometime and the pipe which is above
replenish therefore I had to
the water could be used to
remove the saran wrap and let
remove the air from the closed
the plant rest for some time
container. Once the exchange
before conducting the
of gases are done the other
experiment again.
end of the tube which is
outside the glass could be
sealed using Vaseline or tape.

26
Table 9: Continued

Clay could be kept as a

Cellophane paper was the
medium between the
most important part of the
cellophane paper and the light
entire experiment as the
The light bulb bulb. As clay can absorb heat
cellophane paper changed the
heated which but does not conduct heat,
wavelength of the light, but
burnt the therefore if clay is added as a
after every reading the
cellophane medium between the
cellophane paper burnt down
cellophane and light bulb it
and I had to replace it with
won’t heat up the cellophane
another cellophane paper.
and it won’t burn down.
Carbon is fixed to form organic
matter by CO2 by the process
Reaction between carbonate
of photosynthesis. As more
and acid could be done which
amount of CO2 is present in the
releases CO2 as a product. The
CO2 level varied in environment, the rate of
CO2 formed could be passed
the environment at photosynthesis is also high,
into the setup as suggested
different time because more organic
above with the pipes going
periods compounds are formed. After a
inside and outside the system
certain amount of CO2 in the
causing a fixed amount of Co2
atmosphere no further reaction
be constant for all readings.
happens as all the enzymes
are saturated.
The rate of photosynthesis
varied as it the plant had
various other factors which
affected it and most of the
factors were tried to be
controlled even then the values
Keep repeating the reading
which were taken were a bit
Only three reading until 3-5 concordant readings
from each other, though all the
were taken are done rather than repeating
readings followed the desired
the experiment only 3 times.
trend. The drawbacks of all the
readings taken were that only
three reading were taken. If
more results would have been
taken my results would have
been more reliable.

27
Conclusion

In conclusion, wavelength of light and the intensity of light does not have a significant

impact on the rate of photosynthesis statistically but it does have an impact biologically

and even experimentally the rate of photosynthesis changed at different light intensities

and wavelengths, but statistically my data has proven that the null hypothesis is true

and I could not discard the null hypothesis, whereas my alternative hypothesis is false.

The lack of secondary data in this situation might have made this experiment have a

false statistical hypothesis.

There were various reasons that might have caused the hypothesis to be proven false.

Firstly, the most important factor is that only three readings were taken for each

distance and color of light. The lack of primary data has caused this experiment to have

a huge uncertainty. As the experiment required an air tight container from which no air

could be exchanges, this factor might have caused the highest error as there was no

way by which I could have surely confirmed that the container was completely air tight;

even the apparatus used for the experiment was partially faulty. The light lamp used

would stop working in between because it could emit a lot of heat because of which the

socket in which the bulb was plugged at burnt because of this the systematic error was

high. One of the greatest factor that might have caused this was that the secondary

data which was available only talk about either light intensity or wavelength individually

but no experiment was conducted with both in consideration, because of which no trend

with some secondary data could be observed. Lastly, the factor that has caused a lot of

errors is that once the plants would undergo photosynthesis and have produced

28
sufficient amount of glucose, the plants would not photosynthesize any further causing

the plant to show no results other than respiration.

I have full confidence on my results and am content with the results that even though

the statistics proved the hypothesis false a particular trend was observed experimentally

and was observed in the desired trend in which greater the intensity greater the rate of

photosynthesis even with red and blue lights and the lowest with yellow then green light

at the furthest distance. From this we observed that how photosynthesis was affected

by wavelength and intensity of light but was not significant. A further research could be

conducted by researchers dwelling further on this research paper, where they could use

my contradicting data values and do the experimentation again with an alternative

methodology avoiding all the factors that has cause this experiment to be a failure.

From the further research conducted by the researcher doing it, they can comment on

how this experiment affects the rate of plant growth in hydroponics.

29
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Appendices

Appendix 1.1: Graphs of all the experimental data

30cm:

Blue Light:

34
Reading One:

35
Reading Two:

Reading 3:

36
Red light:

37
Reading 1:

Reading 2:

38
Reading 3:

Yellow light:

Reading 1:

39
Reading 2:

Reading 3:

40
Green light:

Reading 1:

41
Reading 2:

Reading 3:

60cm

42
Blue light:

Reading 1:

Reading 2:

43
Reading 3:

Red light:

Reading 1:

44
Reading 2:

Reading 3:

45
Yellow light:

Reading 1:

Reading 2:
46
Reading 3:

47
Green light:

Reading 1:

Reading 2:

48
Reading 3:

90cm

49
Blue light:

Reading 1:

Reading 2:

Reading 3:
50
Red light:

Reading 1:

51
Reading 2:

Reading 3:

52
Green light:

Reading 1:

53
Reading 2:

Reading 3:

54
Yellow light:

Reading 1:

Reading 2:

55
Reading 3:

56
Appendix 1.2: Raw Data

30 cm

Green light 30 cm
Initial level of CO2 Final Level of CO2 Difference
15781 15751 30
10043 9951 -92
9432 9158 -247

Blue light 30 cm
Initial Level of CO2 Final Level of CO2 Difference
9402 9524 122
9371 9371 0
40354 37851 -2503

Red light 30 cm
Initial Level of CO2 Final Level of CO2 Difference
3724 3816 92
3327 3388 61
24908 24084 -824

60 cm

Yellow light 60 cm
Initial Level of CO2 Final Level of CO2 Difference
10714 10409 -305
10104 9737 -365
16850 16392 -458

Green light 60 cm
Initial Level of CO2 Final Level of CO2 Difference
366 15140 14774
14438 14164 -274
57
 2961 3236 275

Blue light 60 cm
Initial Level of CO2 Final Level of CO2 Difference
9585 9402 -183
9371 9127 -244
37118 34860 -2258

Red light 60 cm
Initial Level of CO2 Final Level of CO2 Difference
3571 3388 -183
3419 3388 -31
23718 22161 -1557

90 cm

Yellow light 90 cm
Initial Level of CO2 Final Level of CO2 Difference
8425 10317 1892
16117 17857 1740
16239 16178 -61

Green light 90 cm
Initial Level of CO2 Final Level of CO2 Difference
13553 13614 61
13462 13400 -62
3236 3388 152

Blue light 90 cm
Initial Level of CO2 Final Level of CO2 Difference
9371 9310 -61
58
 9188 9035 -153
34585 33425 -1160

Red light 90 cm
Initial Level of CO2 Final Level of CO2 Difference
3449 3327 -122
3388 3724 336
22222 21490 -732

59