BASIC SOIL MECHANICS ASSIGNMENT

ALIFIA TSABITA OVININGTYAS

CIVIL ENGINEERING / 1806227692

2.11
SOIL A
Sieve 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan
No.
Opening 4.75 2 0.85 0.425 0.15 0.075
(mm)
Mass 0 20.2 25.7 40.4 18.1 27.2 68.2
retained
(gr)

A B C D E F
Sieve no. Opening Mass % retained Sum of % % Finer
(mm) retained (gr_ retained
4 4.75 0 0.0 0.0 100.0
10 2 20.2 10.1 10.1 89.9
20 0.85 25.7 12.9 23.0 77.0
40 0.425 40.4 20.2 43.2 56.8
100 0.15 18.1 9.1 52.3 47.7
200 0.075 27.2 13.6 65.9 34.1
Pan - 68.2 34.1 - -
TOTAL - 199.8 100 - -
 Gravel (%) 0.0
Sand (%) 65.9
Silt + Clay 34.1
(%)
D60 0.5
D10 Unknown
D30 Unknown

SOIL B
Sieve 4 10 20 40 100 200 Pan
No.
Opening 4.75 2 0.85 0.425 0.15 0.075
(mm)
Mass 0 48.2 19.6 60.3 37.2 22.1 5.6
retained
(gr)

A B C D E F
Sieve no. Opening Mass % retained Sum of % % Finer
(mm) retained (gr_ retained
4 4.75 0 0.0 0.0 100.0
10 2 48.2 24.1 24.1 75.9
20 0.85 19.6 9.8 33.9 66.1
 40 0.425 60.3 30.2 64.1 35.9
100 0.15 37.2 18.6 82.7 17.3
200 0.075 22.1 11.1 93.8 6.2
Pan - 5.6 2.8 - -
TOTAL - 193 96.6 - -

Gravel (%) 0.0

Sand (%) 97.2
Silt + Clay 2.8
(%)
D60 0.7
D10 0.1
D30 0.30
Cu 7.00
Cc 1.46

b)
Soil A
- 68.2 gr of fine-grained soil
- 131.6 gr of coarse-grained soil
Soil B
 - 5.6 gr of fine-grained soil
- 187.4 gr of coarse-grained soil

c)
Soil A = 34.1% clay and silt (fine-grained soil)
Soil B = 2.8% clay and silt (fine-grained soil)

d) & e)
Soil A

Gravel (%) 0.0

Sand (%) 65.9
Silt + Clay 34.1
(%)
D60 0.5
D10 Unknown
D30 Unknown

Soil B
Gravel (%) 0.0
Sand (%) 97.2
Silt + Clay 2.8
(%)
D60 0.7
D10 0.1
D30 0.30
Cu 7.00
Cc 1.46

f) both soil A and soil B can be considered as well-graded soil.

4.1
a.

d = Gsw/(1 + e)
d = Ws/V; Ws = Vs . w . Gs ; V = Vs (1 + e), substitute Ws and Vs
d = Vs w Gs / Vs(1 + e) = Gs w/ (1 + e) = d

b.
e = n/(1-n)
so, S = w Gs/e = w Gs (1-n)/n

c)
 = W/V = Ws + Ww/V = Ws/v + Ww/V. Ww=w Vw, Vw = SVv
Ws/v = d; Vv/V = n, Ww/V = w SVv/V = Snw
Hence,  = d + Snw

d)
’ = sat - w
Saturated unit weight = sat = d + w.n
’ = d + w (n – 1)

4.3
Gs = 2.7. w = 0.65, e = 1.96
S = (w Gs)/e = 71.6%. assume that the void ratio remains constant up to that point of
saturation. From thereon, the void ratio will increase and saturation remains at 1.0.
 Water Content to Saturation Graph
12

10

4.7
S = 1.0, Mr = 520 gr, Ms = 400 gr
a. Water content (w)
W = Mw/Ms = (Mt – Ms)/Ms = (520 – 400)/400 = 0.30 = 30%
b. Void ratio (e)
e = (GsW)/s = 2.7 (0.30) = 0.81
c. Saturated Unit Weight

sat = (Gs + e)( w)/(1 + e) = (2.7 + 0.81) (9.8) / (1 + 0.81) = 19.0 kN/m^3
d. Effective Unit Weight

’= sat - w = 19.0 – 9.8 = 9.2 kN/m^3

4.11
V = (π)(D^2)(L)/4 = (π x 37.5^2 x 75)/4 = 82.83 x 10^-6 m^3
Bulk Unit Weight

 = W/V = (1.32 x 10^-3)/(82.83 x 10^-6) = 15.94 kN/m^3

Dry Unit Weight
d = Ws/V = (1.1 x 10^-3) / (82.83 x 10^-6) = 13.28 kN/m^3
Void Ratio
E = (Gs . w)/ d – 1 = (2.7 x 9.8)/(13.28) – 1 = 0.99
Degree of Saturation
S = wGs/e = 0.2 x 2.7/0.99 = 0.545 = 55%
Porosity
n = e/(1+e) = 0.99/(1+0.99) = 0.49 = 49%

4.15
a)

W = -9.158 log(N) + 69.45

LL = -9.58 log(25) + 69.45 = 40%

b)
PI = 0.40 – 0.23 = 0.17
LI = (w – PL)/ (PI) = (0.38 – 0.23)/(0.17 = 0.88
c) LI is within range 0 < LI < 1, so the soil is plastic, so it is unlikely for the soil type
to fail.

4.17

LL = 15.732log(25) + 10.0 = 58%

c = 22.97, m = 0.3024
PL = 22.97(2)^m = 28.3%
PI = LL – PL = 58 – 28.3 = 29.7%
Activity = PI/clay fraction(%) = 29.7/45 = 0.66

4.19
a)
No, since it is a coarse-grained soil. Atterberg limit tests are suited for fine-grained
soils.
b)
USCS
- 50% of particle are bigger than 0.075mm, so soil is coarse-crained
- Sand fraction>gravel fraction, means that soil is sand
- Clay + slit fraction is less than 4%, means that soil is SW or SP
- D10 = 0.09, D30 = 0.16, D60 = 0.7
Cu = D60.D10=7.7, Cc=(D30)^2/(D10 x D60) = 0.4
ASTM
- Sand fraction>gravel fraction, means that soil is sand
- Clay + silt fraction is less than 4%, means that soil is Sp or SW
- Soil is SP and gravel is less than 15%, means that soil is poorly graded sand
AASHTO
- With left to right elimination process, soil is A-1
c)
according to Engineering Use Chart, soil has a number 5 rating, which is an average
rating.
8
According to USCS
Coarse grained soils
Gravel and sand: <50% passing through 200 number sieve or 50%< retained on sieve
no. 200
Fine grained soils
Silt and clay: >50% passing through sieve no. 200
SOIL 1
Sieve no. Opening Mass % retained Sum of % % Finer
(mm) retained (gr) retained
4 4.75 0 0.0 0.0 100.0
10 2 20.2 10.11 10.1 89.89
20 0.85 25.7 17.86 22.97 77.03
40 0.425 40.4 20.22 43.39 56.81
100 0.15 18.1 9.05 52.2 47.75
200 0.075 27.2 13.61 65.8 34.34
Pan - 68.2 34.13 99.98 -
TOTAL - 199 - -

Weight of soil that passes through sieve no 200: 34.34%, means that the soil is coarse-
grained (gravel and sand). The soil retained at sieve no. 4 is 0, so the soil is sand or
clay.

SOIL 2
Sieve no. Opening Mass Sum of % % sample % Finer
(mm) retained (gr) Retained
4 4.75 0 0.0 0.0 100
10 2 25.4 25.4 25.4 84.6
20 0.85 10.36 35.8 10.35 64.1
40 0.425 31.8 67.7 31.8 32.3
100 0.15 19.66 87.35 19.6 12.6
200 0.075 11.68 99.0 11.6 0
Pan - -
TOTAL - 199 - -

The soil is sand or clay, not a gravel. The soil that passes on no 200 sieve is zero, so it
is not clay or silt.