1/C Galvez, Francis James A.

C/E Tomas
S4 CHARLIE MAR-E 03/18/20

PASGT
RESEARCH WORK: EXPLAIN THE FUEL OIL SYSTEM FOR MARINE DIESEL
ENGINE

A. FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEM

A fuel supply system mainly consists of a fuel tank, fuel filters, a fuel
pump/compressor, a heat exchanger, valves and connecting pipes. The functions of
the fuel supply system are to store and supply natural gas to the fuel injector(s)
under a predetermined pressure and temperature at the desired rate. The natural gas
is in the form of either compressed natural gas (CNG) or liquefied natural gas
(LNG). The components of a fuel supply system could differ from one to another
substantially, depending on whether the gas is stored in the form of CNG or LNG.

B. FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM

The purpose of the fuel injection system is to deliver fuel into the engine cylinders,
while precisely controlling the injection timing, fuel atomization, and other
parameters. The main types of injection systems include pump-line-nozzle, unit
injector, and common rail. Modern injection systems reach very high injection
pressures, and utilize sophisticated electronic control methods.

C. SAFETY DEVICES OF FUEL SYSTEM

Various safety devices in a fuel system for a diesel engine are:
 Quick closing valves on settling/service tanks
 relief valves on 2 pumps/heaters
 quick closing valve on mixing/vent tank
 pipes lagged/save-alls under pumps and heaters
 low fuel oil pressure alarm
 high fuel oil pressure alarm
 low fuel oil temperature alarm
 high fuel oil temperature alarm
 emergency remote stops for pumps
 High pressure pipes between fuel injection pump and injector are double
skinned.

D. DIFFERENT PIPING ARRANGEMENT

There are two principal types of pipes that carry fuel and they are categorised by the
pressure the pipe is designed to withstand. Low-pressure pipes are used to move
fuel from a storage tank to a service tank to an injection pump; high-pressure pipes
are used to deliver fuel from an injection pump to an engine combustion chamber.
Ships’ fuel is usually stored in double-bottom tanks, deep tanks, side bunker tanks,
settling tanks or service tanks. Piping between a service tank and a fuel transfer or
1/C Galvez, Francis James A. C/E Tomas
S4 CHARLIE MAR-E 03/18/20

booster pump is rated as low pressure. However, between each pumping stage,
pressure increases.

It is a mistake to assume that even if a pipe’s pressure is relatively low, fuel will not
spray from a crack or small hole. Pipes from fuel tanks can pass through ballast
tanks and pipes serving ballast tanks can pass through fuel tanks. Because of
pollution risks, classification societies have stringent rules restricting the length of
any oil pipe passing through a ballast tank (and vice versa); it must be short, have
increased wall thickness and stronger flanges.

Here’s a diagram of a fuel oil system for marine diesel engine