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S Parameters PDF
S Parameters PDF
MUSE
Material developed by Prof. L. Dunleavy, USF
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2-Port Parameters
z Recall Z-Parameters:
V Z I Z I ª V1 º ªZ 11 Z 12 º ª I1 º
1 11 1 12 2 !« » «Z
V
2
Z I Z I
21 1 22 2 ¬ V2 ¼ ¬ 21 Z 22 »¼ «¬ I 2 »¼
I1 I2
V1 2-port V2
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2-Port Parameters
z Recall Z-Parameters:
V Z I Z I ª V1 º ªZ 11 Z 12 º ª I1 º
1 11 1 12 2 !« » «Z
V
2
Z I Z I
21 1 22 2 ¬ V2 ¼ ¬ 21 Z 22 »¼ «¬ I 2 »¼
I1 I2
V1 2-port V2
network
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2-PORT Parameters (cont’d)
z Y-Parameters:
I1 Y11V1 Y12 V2 ª I1 º ª Y11 Y12 º ª V1 º
I2 Y21V1 Y22 V2 !« » « »« »
¬I 2 ¼ ¬Y21 Y22 ¼ ¬ V2 ¼
z h-Parameters:
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2-Port Parameters (cont’d)
z 2-port Parameter Determination:
v1
h 11 |v 0
I1 2
(Put a Short Circuit at Port #2)
I2
h21 |V 0
I1 2
V
h 1|
12 V I 0 (Put an Open Circuit at Port # 1)
2 1
I
h22 2 |I 0
V 1
2
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S-Parameters
At high RF and Microwave frequencies direct
measurement of Y- , Z-, or H- parameters is
difficult due to:
• Unavailability of equipment to measure
RF/MW total current and voltage.
• Difficulty of obtaining perfect opens/shorts
• Active devices may be unstable under
open/short conditions.
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S-Parameters
z For a two-port device there are four S-
parameters S11, S21, S12, and S22
z S11, and S22 are simply the forward and
reverse reflection coefficients, with the
opposite port terminated in Z0 (usually 50
ohms.)
z S21 and S12 are simply the forward and
reverse gains assuming a Z0 source and load
(again usually 50 ohms).
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S-Parameters (cont’d)
z S-Parameters:
b S a s a
1 11 1 12 2 ªb1 º ªS 11 S 12 º ª a 1 º
!« » «S
b
2
S a S a
21 1 22 2 ¬b 2 ¼ ¬ 21 S 22 »¼ «¬a 2 »¼
a1 b1 b2 a2
2-port
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S-Parameters (cont’d)
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Incident & Reflected Waves:
Simplified Case: Z1=Zs=Z2=ZL=Zo (real)
V1 Z 0 I 1 Incident port 1 voltage E i1
a1
2 Z0 Z0 Z0
2-port ZL =
Vg Z0 Z0 V2
Z0
Vg Z0 1-port
* S11=*
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GRAPHICAL VIEW OF S-
PARAMETERS
S12
Reverse Gain
Insertion Loss,
S11, Transmission Phase
Input S22,
Refl. Output
Device Refl.
Coeff. *in, Under Test
Return Coeff. *out,
Loss, Return
VSWR Loss,
S21, Forward Gain VSWR
Insertion Loss,
Transmission Phase
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S-Parameters in Decibels
dB Meaning or interpretation
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WHAT TO EXPECT
Ideal Lossless T-line
T Ed
S11=S22=0
S21=S12=1e-jT
Zo, Hr S21DB=0
fc1 fc2 fc fc
S11=S22=0 |S11|=|S22|=1
S21=S12=1e-jTf) S21=S12=0
S21(dB)=S12(dB)=0dB S11(dB)=S22(dB)=0dB
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