MIDTERM AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

Kezia Kusumaningtyas (018201700003)

2. (a) Compute the efficiency-diameter relation for a cyclone separator that has Wi = 0.5 ft,
Vc = 70 ft/s, and N = 5, for both the block and mixed flow assumptions, assuming Stokes'
law. (b) Estimate the cut diameter for a cyclone with inlet width 0.5 ft, Vc = 70 ft/s and N
= 5. (c) A cyclone has an inlet velocity of 70 ft/s and a reported pressure loss of 8
velocity heads (K = 8). What is the pressure loss in pressure units?
SOLUTION :
πN V c D 2 ρ part
(a) η=
9W i μ
ft 2
=
−6
π (5)(70 ft /s)(10 m) 3.28 2
( m )
(124.8 lbm/ ft 3)
=0.027
9 ( 0.5 ft ) ( 1.8 x 10 cp ) [6.72 x 10−4 lbm/(ft . s . cp)]
−2

1/ 2
9W i μ
D
(b) cut = ( 2 πN V c ρ part ) 1/ 2
9 ( 0.5 ft ) (1.8 x 10−5 kg /m. s )
. ¿ ( 2 π (5)(70 ft / s)(2000 kg/m) ) =4.29 x 10−6 m

ρ g V i2
(c) Pressure drop = P¿ −Pout =K
2 ( )
70 ft 2 lbf . s 2 ft 2
3
=8(0.075 lbm/ ft ) ( )
s
(1/2)(32.2lbm . ft )( 144 ¿ 2 )
= 0.312 lbf/¿2
N . s2
= 8 (1.20 kg/m3 ¿(21.34 m/s )2(1/2)
2
kg . m ( )
= 2185.89 N/m = 2.185 kPa = 0.317 psi = 8.78 in. H2O

3. A cyclone separator has an inlet width of 0.25 ft and Vc = 60 ft/s. (a) Estimate the cut
diameter for this cyclone separator; (b) Estimate the collection efficiency of this cyclone
separator for particles with diameter.
SOLUTION :
*assume N = 5
1/ 2
9W i μ
a) Dcut = (
2 πN V c ρ part ) 1 /2
9 ( 0.25 ft ) (1.8 x 10−5 kg/m . s)
= (
2 π (5)(60 ft /s)(2000 kg /m) ) =3.277 x 10−6 m

πN V c D2 ρ part
b) η=
9W i μ
 ft 2
= (
π (5)(60 ft /s)(10−6 m)2 3.28
m ) (124.8 lbm/ ft 3)

9 ( 0.25 ft ) ( 1.8 x 10−2 cp ) [6.72 x 10−4 lbm/(ft . s . cp)]

= 0.0465

4. (a) If Vs = 5 ft/min, how many square feet of filter surface would be needed for a 750-
MW coal-fired power plant that produces 1.5 million acfm of stack gas? (b) If this filter
area is in the form of cylindrical bags 40 ft long and 1 ft in diameter, how many of them
will be needed?
SOLUTION :
Given : Vs = 5 ft/min
750 MW coal-fired power plant
Produces 1,500,000 acfm of stack gas
Asked : a. Afilter ?
b. How many bags needed?
Q
Answered : a. Vs =
A filter
1,500,000 acfm
A filter = =3 x 105 ft 2
5 ft /min

b. A = 2rh = 2(3.14)(0.5)(40) = 125.6 ft2

assume 3 x 105 ft 2 = 1 bag
3 x 105 ft 2 ( 1 bag )=125.6 ft 2 ( x bag )
= 2388 bags

5. Evaporation rates of hydrocarbon liquids from horizontal surfaces are approximately

given by:
where p is the vapor pressure of the liquid and P is the atmospheric pressure.

(a) We have spilled a layer of lubricating oil on a metal drip pan in our garage. It
forms a layer 1 mm thick. Its density is 1 g/cm 3 and its molecular weight is 400
g/mol. Its vapor pressure is approximately 10-7 torr at 20C. Estimate how long it
will take all of this motor oil to evaporate at 20C.
(b) Repeat the calculation for a 1-mm layer of gasoline. Use the vapor pressure,
density, and molecular weight from Example 10.7.
(c) Repeat part (b) with the following changes:
The vapor pressure of gasoline is p = 6 psia - (3 psia). (weight fraction
evaporated)
The molecular weight of gasoline is M = 60 g/mol + (60 g/mol). (weight
fraction evaporated)
 The density of liquid gasoline can be considered constant at 0.75 g/cm3.
(Please read Problem 10.6.)
SOLUTION :
Given :  = 1 g/cm3
MW = 400 g/mol
p = 10-7 torr at 20C
thickness = 1 mm = 0.001 m
mol 10−7 torr mol
(
a) Evaporation rate = 0.5 )
m. s 760torr
=6.58 x 10−11
m.s
Evaporation time (s)
1 mol 1 mol 1g
x x −6 3 x 0.0001m=3.8 x 1010 s
6.58 x 10 m . s 400 g 10 m
−11

¿ 6.3 x 108 min

= 1.05 x 107 hr=4.4 x 10 5 day =1205 year .
b) For gasoline
mol 0.408 atm mol
(
Evaporation rate = 0.5
m. s )
1atm
=0.204
m. s
1 mol 1 mol
x x 0.001 m=61 s
0.204 m. s 60 g
c) Assuming the weight of evaporation is 100%
Vapor pressure:
p = 6 psia-(3psia)(weight fraction evaporated)
p = 6 psia-(3psia)(1)
p = 3 psia
Molar pressure
M = 60 g/mol + (60 g/mol)(weight fraction evaporated)
M = 60 g/mol + (60 g/mol)(1)
M = 120 g/mol

mol 0.204 atm mol

(
Evaporation rate = 0.5
m. s) 1 atm
=0.102
m.s
1 mol 1mol 1g
= x x −6 3 x 0.001m
0.102 m. s 12 0 g 10 m
= 81s

6. Assume that a single absorption sulfuric acid plant recovers 98 percent of its S0 2 as acid,
and a double absorption plant recovers 99.7 percent.
(a) What fraction of the S02 passing from the first absorber must be captured by the
final conversion and absorption?
 (b) If the final catalyst bed operates at 420°C, at which the equilibrium constant K =
300, what fraction of the equilibrium conversion is this? Use the inlet
composition in Problem 11.10.
SOLUTION :
(a)

To reduce this SO2 emission, two plants in series;

 Eq. (11.12) : is obtained,
 Eq. (11.13) : to remove SO3,
And then the “tail gas” us gain passed over catalyst so that it will again come to
equilibrium according to Eq. (11.12). The resulting gas is again contacted with water so
that SO3 is absorbed according to Eq. (11.13).

(b) From Problem 11.10; ¿ ¿)

y SO3
K =
y SO 2 ( y O2 )2
y SO3
300 =
0.078 ( 0.108 )2
y SO3=300 ( 9.097 x 10−4 )=0. 27