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-:
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lj-aij l/ o)un J., olLi'r JlrJt Lir.ll 'jf y'J.r d ii'., Jrdrjr 'ltr# 'li!r J.' {'.L'Jl

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t-iy'-Ul i'.!nt rr'l Jil r\ttl Clt l,f l'Ji LJI9
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Measuringmaterials..
illr t"
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Aggregates'll'il -

'rtfl^ r)!!t E / r t ir'eflt J!iJlji' (Ji ),JF!lr'jr'JI s'+


rur oiJ irl' r'5!l' ilr' (l|J
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Cement. c''c!t

c.-+tir ir;j; :;,t r r-1 ll t-4 uji.tl i^, ,:,./. r ' ,. J{l .r'ilAil s'c!l irjj ort lrl ijL i
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irrjJrJ4 Jl srq iJ^''ll e:c!l o!jj! ilr' |J.
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Mixing water. . .Ll-lt rte
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d)''l CUl sle 6rj----?y'!
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. Je$! IUJ ii!.blr !l+tli.5 o, 7 \ i jJrr.a 1
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crgt )l
Admixtures,.
irll 1 Jl siLl,r irjrr .,J /. | !'.)4 )l Lu'- ,tt- ,:r0rr'lr.J,g j!. lJirlr {jr !l !4
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Mixers and Agitators sL'L''J.lJ c,!'){'J-l

i.Io}r4i+u,:,!,rt oF,)l ,rs'qi,lb)}t .-!.J J"<JqijL+r -L! +'l e .5:Jl'Ll!r il' ,i ib]ji
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Stationary rnixers ;Llli ill'dl crLb"l i

';grt ebi)t \l t1'e"6J' bf: a\ 4


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Truck mixen il,til' iJlrl=.J' -.?

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e.il (Jlt i)rn! {!jJ_, , iJl.t.J l{.- U.' ibJlr ijLtJlr -lij, (Jt, iJJrr errr&,r! oJ<, !l t.4.-J
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p=(c/b)x100
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qF!:" =Ef,\f r
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Refrences:
l-Annud BookofASTM Standerds.
Concreternd rggrcgatB , volume4.02.
2-Americrnconcreteinstitute
ACr 301, . 305R, 306R , 318.
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