STEEL DESIGN
1. The beam shown is of A36 steel and has full lateral
support. The cross section is composed of W 410 x 39
and a C 230 x 22 welded together.
Prop. of C 230 x 22 Prop. of W 410 x 39
A = 2840 mm2 A = 4990 mm2
x = 14.9 mm Ix = 127 x 106
Iy = 0.806 x 106 mm4 d = 399 mm
tw = 7.2 mm
a. Determine the moment of inertia at the neutral axis
of the beam.
b. Determine the maximum allowable uniform load it
could carry besides a superimposed load of 15 kN/m
including its own weight if it has a span of 6 m. Assume
fb = 0.66Fy
c. If the two section is riveted by two rivets, determine
the spacing of the rivets if each rivet has a shear
capacity of 10,200 N.
2. A W 310 x86 shape is to be used as a bridge runway
girder. The girder is on a simple span of 6m. Assume
that the crane wheel imparts a vertical load of 72 kN
and a lateral load of 7 kN applied at the top flange of
the girder. A standard rail weighing 0.414 kN/m will be
used. Use Fy = 248 MPa.
Properties of W 310 x 86
bf = 254 mm Sx = 1280 x 103 mm3
tf = 16.3 mm Sy = 351 x 103 mm3
d = 310 mm
a. Determine the bending stress along the weaker axis.
b. Determine the bending stress along the stronger axis.
c. Determine the total ratio of actual bending to
allowable bending stress using interaction equation.
3. Light-grade steel channel was used as a purlin of a
truss. The top chord of the truss is inclined 1V : 4H and
distance between trusses is equal to 6m. The purlin has
a weight of 70 N/m and spaced at 1.2m on centers. The
dead load including the roof materials is 720 Pa, live
load of 1000 Pa and wind load of 1440 Pa. Coefficient of
pressure at leeward and windward are 0.6 and 0.2
respectively.
Assume all loads passes through the centroid.
Properties of Channel
Sx = 6.19 x 104 mm3
Sy = 1.38 x 104 mm3
w = 79 N/m
Fbx = Fby = 207 MPa
a. Calculate the bending stress, Fbx, for dead load and
live load combination ( D + L ).
b. Calculate the bending stress, F by, for dead load and
live load combination ( D + L ).
c. Calculate the maximum ratio of actual to the
allowable bending stress for load combination 0.75 ( D +
L + W ) at the windward side.
4. To construct the deck of a bridge over a deep ravine,
steel beam placed at 2.1 m on centers and simply
supported on a span of 20 m are used to support the
construction loads which include temporary formwork
and construction loads equivalent to 4200 Pa. At this
stage, only the steel beam carries the dead loads. After
the slab has hardened, sufficient shear connectors
welded to the beam flange provide full composite
action of the steel beam with 0.15 m thick cast in placed
concrete slab.
Concrete, fc’ = 20.7 MPa
Concrete Unit Weight = 24 kN/m3
Steel, Fy = 345 MPa
Modular ratio, n = 9
For composite action, use 1.8 m effective flange width.
For W 685 x 152 kg/m
A = 19355 mm2 tf = 21mm
d = 688 mm Ix = 15 x 108 mm4
tw = 13 mm Iy = 0.58 x 108 mm4
bf = 250 mm
a. Determine the maximum bending stress in the beam
due to dead load which include beam weight slab and
wearing surface of 600 Pa and construction loads.
b. Determine the maximum stress in the beam if a
standard truck load consisting of 17.8 kN front wheel
load and 71.2 kN rear wheel load is used. Distance
between loads is 4.27 m. Include 24% impact on live
load.
c. Determine the total stress of steel after concrete
hardens.
5. An eccentrically loaded bolted bolted connection is
shown. Diameter of A 325 bolts in standard holes is 19
mm. The applied load is 45 kN.
a. Determine the polar moment of inertia of the group
of bolts.
b. Determine the torsional force on the critical bolt.
c. Determine the shearing stress of critical bolt.