Development Profile of China

COURS DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
DEVELOPMENT PROFILE OF
CHINA
AUTHORS (A LWAST OF TEAM MEMBERS):

1. Muhamed Hosi, index number, hosimuhamed@gmail.com
2.
3.
4.
Research conducted under the mentorship of Asswastant Professor Ehlimana

Spahić
National Entrepreneurship Context Index (NECI)
GEM State 200 200 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201811
profiles 81 92 03 14 25 36 47 58 699 710
1. Self-
Perceptions
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
Rank
Rank
Rank
Rank
Rank
Rank
Rank
Rank
Rank
Rank
Rank
About
Entrepreneurs
hip
Perceived n/ n/ 2 n/ 3 n/ 4 n/ 3 n/ 3 n/ 3 n/ 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 35/4
opportunities a a 5. a 6. a 9. a 2. a 3. a 1. a 1. 7 7. 1 5. 9 5. 9
0 2 0 0 0 9 7 3 2 1
Perceived n/ n/ 3 n/ 4 n/ 4 n/ 3 n/ 3 n/ 3 n/ 2 5 2 6 2 5 2 48/4
capabilities a a 5. a 2. a 4. a 8. a 6. a 3. a 7. 8 9. 1 7. 2 4. 9
0 3 0 0 2 0 4 T 8 2 2
Fear of failure n/ n/ 3 n/ 3 n/ 3 n/ 3 n/ 3 n/ 3 n/ 4 4 4 6 4 1 4 13/4
a a 2. a 2. a 5. a 6. a 4. a 9. a 0. 0 9. 1. 6 1. 9
0 0 0 0 3 5 0 1 5 7
12 13
Entrepreneurial n/ n/ 2 n/ 2 n/ 4 n/ 2 n/ 1 n/ 1 n/ 1 2 2 2 1 3 1 28T/
intentions a a 3. a 6. a 3. a 0. a 4. a 9. a 9. 8 1. 7 5. 0 5. 48
0 9 0 0 4 3 5 3 3 T 3
14 15
The main problem main for our perriod 2008-2018 was that we didn't have complete
data for all years. For exmaple we didn't any relative data for China in that period. The
biggest value of Perceived capabilities was in 2016 37.3,and the lowest was in 2009 25.0.
The biggest value of Perceived capabilities was in 2011 44.0,and the lowest was in 2018
24.2.
The biggest value of Fear of failure was in 2016 49.1, and the lowest was in 2009 and 2010
32.
1
https://www.gemconsortium.org/file/open?fileId=47107
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
https://www.c4e.org.cy/reports/2019/Global_GEM_Report_2018_2019.pdf
12
Denominator: 18-64 population perceiving good opportunities to start a business
13
Denominator: 18–64 age group perceiving good opportunities to start a business.
14
Denominator: 18-64 population that is not involved in entrepreneurial activity
15
Denominator: 18–64 age group that is not involved in entrepreneurship activity.
2
The biggest value of Entrepreneurial intentions was in 2011 43.0 and the lowest was in 2013
14.4. Important fact is that 18-64 population that was not involved in entrepreneurial activity.
GEM 200 200 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201
816 917 018 119 220 321 422 523 624 725 826
State
profile
s
2.
Activity
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
Rank
Rank
Rank
Rank
Rank
Rank
Rank
Rank
Rank
Rank
Rank
Total early- n/ n/ 18 n/ 14 n/ 24 n/ 13 n/ 14 N/ 15 N/ 12 24 10 32 9. 29 10 26
stage a a .8 a .4 a .0 a .0 a .0 A .5 A .8 T/ .3 T/ 9 T/ .4 /4
Entreprene 60 65 54 8
urial
Activity
(TEA)
Establwashed
n/
a n/ 17 n/ 13 n/ 12 n/ 12 n/ 11 n/ 11 N/ 3. 55 7. 27 6. 27 3. 44
business .2 .8 a .7 a .0 a .0 a .6 A 1 5 T 8 T/ 2 /4
ownership
a a
54 8
rate
Entreprene n/ n/ n/ n/ n/ n/ 1. n/ n/ n/ n/ n/ N/ N/ 1. 36 1. 46 1. 35 1. 42
urial a a a a a a 7 a a a a a A A 4 T 2 T 4 T/ 0 /4
Employee 54 9
Activity –
EEA
Total early- stage Entreprene urial Activity (TEA) biggest rate was in 2011 24.0,and the
lowest was in 2016 10.3. The main problem here was there was no data for 2008.
Establwashed business ownership rate biggest rate was in 2009 17.2,and the lowest was in
2015 3.1.
Entreprene urial Employee Activity – EEA. A lot of data is missing here. Main problems is
that older reporst did't show it. From this data that we collect we see that the lowest was in
2018,and the biggest was in 2009.
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
3
GEM 200 200 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201
State 827 928 029 130 231 332 433 534 635 736 837
profil
es
3.
Motivati
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
Rank
Rank
Rank
Rank
Rank
Rank
Rank
Rank
Rank
Rank
Rank
onal
Index
Improve n n/ 2 n/ 3 n 2 n 3 n 3 n 1 N 1 5 1 4 1 5 0 4
ment- /a a 9. a 4 /a 9 /a 9 /a 5 /a . / . 0 . 2 . 1 . 4
39
Driven 0 . . . 4 A 1 T 5 T 0 9 T
Opportu 38
0 0 9
nity/N 40 41 42
ecessity
Motive
Important facts :
The overall trend of early-stage entrepreneurial activity was an increasing one for
China, seemingly with a temporarily dip in 2011. The GEM indicators show that both
necessity-driven entrepreneurship and mediumhigh job expectation are important components
of the Chinese TEA measure. For some values we was using Improvement-driven opportunity
(% of TEA). The lowest value was in 2008 and it was 0.9.
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
Improvement-driven opportunity (% of TEA)
39
40
41
42
4
GEM 200 200 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201
843 944 045 146 247 348 449 550 651 752 853
State
profiles
4.
Gender
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
Value
Rank
Rank
Rank
Rank
Rank
Rank
Rank
Rank
Rank
Rank
Rank
Equality
Female/ n/ n/ n/ n/ n/ n/ n/ n/ n/ n/ n/ n/ n/ n/ 0. 2 0. 2 0. 1 0. 1
Male TEA a a a a a a a a a a a a a a 7 1 7 2 8 0 8 4
Ratio T 3 T 7 T 2
Female n/ n/ n/ n/ n/ n/ n/ n/ n/ n/ n/ n/ n/ n/ 1. 3 0. 3 1. 2 1. 7
/ Male a a a a a a a a a a a a a a 1 T 9 4 0 0 T
Opport 5 T 9 5
u
nity Ratio
Important facts :
Male TEA (% of adult male population) in 2014 was 16.83
Female TEA (% of adult female population) in 2014 was 14.18
Male TEA Opportunity (% of TEA males) in 2014 was 69.58
Female TEA Opportunity (% of TEA males) in 2014 was 60.95
Male TEA (% of adult male population) in 2013 was 16%
Female TEA (% of adult female population) in 2013 was 12%
Male TEA Opportunity (% of TEA males) in 2013 was 70%
Female TEA Opportunity (% of TEA males) in 2013 was 58%
Male TEA (% of adult male population) in 2012 was 15
Female TEA (% of adult female population) in 2012 was 11
Male TEA Opportunity (% of TEA males) in 2012 was 64
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
5
Female TEA Opportunity (% of TEA males) in 2012 was 60
Female Necessity-driven (% of Female TEA) in 2011 was 39

Male Necessity-driven (% of Female TEA) in 2011 was 42
Female Improvement driven opportunity (% of Female TEA) in 2011 was 31
Male Improvement driven opportunity (% of Female TEA) in 2011 was 27
There is no data for Female/ Male TEA Ratio and Female/ Male Opportunity Ratio in 2010.
But on on Figure 12: GEM Economies Ranked by Level of Female Participation in Total
Early-Stage Entrepreneurship Activity (TEA) by Economic Group, 2010 we see that is about
17% 54
The report say that more detailed information can be found in the special GEM reports on
Women and Entrepreneurship, available on the GEM website (www.gemconsortium.org). But
after i check that site there is no report for period that we wannt. There is only reports from
2005 to 2007.
We can concluede that every year Female/ Male TEA Ratio is lower and last ratio was 0.82.
On other side last ratio for Female/ Male Opportunity Ratio was 1.05. This ratio is also lower
every year.
54
https://www.gemconsortium.org/file/open?fileId=47109 page 36
6
Figure 1: China – Entrepreneurship Patterns between 2008 and 201855
Figure 1. shows us that entrepreneurial activity (both early-stage and in the

established phase) has diminished over time. This can probably be associated with the
increased scale that many companies operate with, providing many job opportunities, likely a
natural consequence of sustained economic growth. Low entrepreneurial employee activity
rates suggest that stimulating innovative behavior among employees may be a viable next
focus but should not be forced if the pervasive organizational culture is not in line with this.
Current economic policy in China is dealing with big challenges in terms of inequality,
pollution and health that have come along with the significant economic growth in the past
two decades. Entrepreneurship in both startups and organizations can be a key means of
addressing these challenges and leveraging the healthy economy and educated workforce.
55

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COURS DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

AUTHORS (A LWAST OF TEAM MEMBERS):

Research conducted under the mentorship of Asswastant Professor Ehlimana

Female Necessity-driven (% of Female TEA) in 2011 was 39

Female Improvement driven opportunity (% of Female TEA) in 2011 was 31

Male Improvement driven opportunity (% of Female TEA) in 2011 was 27

Figure 1. shows us that entrepreneurial activity (both early-stage and in the

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