Calculus

1) Differentiate y = tan ( sin (x2 + 2) )

1 Identify form of function Composition of functions: y = tan ( sin (x2 + 2) )=> y = f ( g (x ) )

f(x) = tan f ’(x) = sec2 x g(x) = sin (x2 + 2) g’(x) = ****

2 Define f(x) and g(x)
g(x) = sin (x2 + 2) is itself a composite function

We now determine the derivative of = sin (x2 + 2)

1 Identify form of function Composition of functions: y = sin (x2 + 2) => y = f ( g (x ) )

2 Define f(x) and g(x) f(x) = sin x f ’(x) = cos x g(x) = x2 + 2 g’(x) = 2x

3 State derivative rule y’ = f’ ( g (x) ) • g’(x) chain rule

4 Substitute y’ = cos (x2 + 2) • (2x)

typically, coefficients and algebraic
5 Simplify if possible/required y’ = 2x cos (x2 + 2) expressions are placed in front of
functions

We now return to the original derivative

2 Define f(x) and g(x) f(x) = tan f ’(x) = sec2 x g(x) = sin (x2 + 2) g’(x) = 2x cos (x2 + 2)

3 State derivative rule y’ = f’ ( g (x) ) • g’(x) chain rule

4 Substitute y’ = sec2 ( sin (x2 + 2) ) • 2x cos (x2 + 2)

5 Simplify if possible/required y’ = 2x sec2 ( sin (x2 + 2) ) • cos (x2 + 2)

 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐱
2) Differentiate y =
𝟏' 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐱

("#$ %) -
1 Identify form of function Quotient of functions: y =
('( *+, %)
=> y = .

2 Define p, p’, q, q’ p = sec x p’ = sec x tanx q = 1 + tan x q’ = 0 + sec2 x = sec2 x

+! ,-+,!
3 State derivative rule y’ =
,"
("#$ % *+,%)(' ( *+, %)/("#$ %)("#$! %)
4 Substitute y’ = (' ( *+, %)!

Simplify if possible/required ! !
5 Notice that sec x is a common factor y’ = ("#$ & '()&)(+ , '() &)-("#$ &)("#$
(+ , '() &)!
&)
= (sec 𝑥)
('()&)(+ , '() &)-("#$ &)
(+ , '() &)!
=
Remove the common factor
! &) ('() . , '()! &)-("#$! &)
6 Multiply (tan x)(1 + tanx) y’ = (sec 𝑥) ('()&)(+ , '() &)-("#$
(+ , '() &)!
= (sec 𝑥)
(+ , '() &)!

! ! &) ('() . , "#$! &-+)-("#$! &)

7 Use the identity tan2 x = sec x – 1 y’ = (sec 𝑥) ('() . , '() &)-("#$
(+ , '() &)!
= (sec 𝑥)
(+ , '() &)!

Simplify the numerator (tan 𝑥 + sec2 x−1)−(sec2 x) (tan 𝑥 −1)

8 y’ = (sec 𝑥) (1 + tan x)2
= (sec 𝑥)
(1 + tan x)2
3) Sketch the graph of the following function: f(x) = (x2 – 1)3

Function Rule 1st Derivative 2nd Derivative

f(x) = (x2 – 1)3 f ’ (x) = 6x (x2 – 1)2 f ‘’(x) = 6(x2 – 1)(5x2 – 1)

Domain Intercepts Horizontal Asymptotes Vertical Asymptotes

x = -1 and +1 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) = ∞
x = IR None
y = -1 !→±$

Critical Numbers
f ’ (x) = 0 f ’ (x) D.N.E. f ’ ’ (x) = 0

x = -1, 0 and 1 none x = -1, +1, -0.447, + 0.447

SUMMATIVE TABLE

x ó -1 ó -0.45 ó 0 ó +0.45 ó +1 ó
±¥/crit. #/intervals

f ’(x)
– 0 – – – 0 + + + 0 +
+/–/0/DNE

Significance
dec IP dec dec dec min inc inc inc IP inc
inc/dec/asym/max/min

f’’(x)
+ 0 – 0 + + + 0 – 0 +
+/–/0/DNE

Significance
CU IP CD IP CU CU CU IP CD IP CU
inc/dec/asym/max/min

Zeroes => (-1, 0), (1, 0)

Initial value => (0, -1)

Local Minimum => (0, -1)

Inflection Points => (-0.45, -0.51), (0.45, -0.51),

(-1, 0), (1, 0)