MECHANICS 2

DYNAMICS
The study of the motion of rigid bodies and particles
under the effect of forces.

Divided into Two Branches: Kinematics & Kinetics

Kinematics – studies motion without regards to the force
that are present to produce the motion.
Kinetics – studies the motion due to the effect of
unbalanced forces.
 RECTILINEAR MOTION
Motion that is generally in a straight-line path.
DISPLACEMENT, VELOCITY & ACCELERATION
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 − 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑉𝑎𝑣𝑒 =
∆𝑡
∆𝑣
𝑎𝑎𝑣𝑒 =
∆𝑡
PROBLEM 1
A car travels 52 mph for 6 minutes, 46 mph
for 3 minutes, 40 mph for 15 minutes and 44
mph for the remaining time during a 30-
minute journey. What is the average speed
of the car?
 HORIZONTAL MOTION
1 2
𝑆 = 𝑣𝑜 𝑡 ± 𝑎𝑡 𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑜 ± 𝑎𝑡 𝑣𝑓 2 = 𝑣𝑜 2 ± 2𝑎𝑠
2

Time = 0 Time = t

vi vf

s
 VERTICAL MOTION
1 2
𝑆 = 𝑣𝑜 𝑡 ± 𝑎𝑡 vi
2
𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑜 ± 𝑎𝑡
a y
𝑣𝑓 2 = 𝑣𝑜 2 ± 2𝑎𝑠

For free falling body, vf

1 2
𝑦 = 𝑔𝑡
2
PROBLEM 2
A train running at 60 kph decelerated
at 2 m/min^2 for 14 minutes. Find the
distance traveled in kilometers within
this period.
 PROBLEM 3
A car is traveling at 60 kph in a straight road when
he noticed that the traffic light 200 meters ahead
of him is turning red. The traffic light is
programmed to stay red for 15 seconds and stay
green for 30 seconds. If the driver wants to pass
the traffic light without stopping as it will turn green
again, what is the velocity of the car as it passes
the light?
PROBLEM 4
A mango falls from a branch 5 meters
above the ground. With what speed in
meters per second will it strike the ground?
PROBLEM 5
A man standing at a window 5 meters
tall watches a falling stone pass by the
window in 0.3 seconds. From how high
above the top of the window was the
stone released?
Curvilinear Motion
A motion along a curved path either on the vertical
plane or on horizontal plane. This type of motion
includes a trajectory or projectile, which is a curve
path on the vertical plane and rotation on horizontal
plane.
combination of horizontal and vertical motion.
Projectile Analysis Assumptions:
1. Air resistance is negligible.
2. The only acceleration acting on the body is
acceleration due to gravity g. There is no
horizontal acceleration.
PROJECTILE MOTION
General Equation of the Projectile:
𝑔𝑥 2
𝑦 = 𝑥 tan 𝜃 − Ymax
2𝑉𝑜 cos2 𝜃

T
Range

𝑉𝑜 sin 2𝜃2 (𝑉𝑜 sin 𝜃)2 2𝑉𝑜 sin 𝜃

𝑅= 𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑇=
𝑔 2𝑔 𝑔
PROBLEM 6
A bullet is fired at an initial velocity of
350 m/s and an angle of 50degrees
with the horizontal. Neglecting air
resistance, what maximum height
could the bullet rise?
PROBLEM 7
A baseball is thrown from a horizontal plane
following a parabolic path with an initial
velocity of 100 m/s at an angle of 30
degrees above the horizontal. How far from
the throwing point will the ball attain its
original level?
 ROTATIONAL MOTION
MOTION ALONG A CIRCULAR PATH

𝑆 = 𝑟𝜃
𝑎 = 𝑎 2+𝑎 2
𝑣 = 𝑟𝜔 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑇 𝑁

a=𝑟∝

For variable
angular
acceleration
D’ALEMBERT’S PRINCIPLE
When the body is subjected to an acceleration, there exists a force
opposite the direction of the motion and equal to the product of mass
and acceleration.
𝑹𝑬𝑭 = 𝒎𝒂
a

REF
BANKING OF CURVES
Ideal angle of banking, 𝜃 Greater Velocity w/out skidding
2
𝑣2 𝑣
tan 𝜃 = tan(𝜃 + 𝜙) =
𝑔𝑟 𝑔𝑟
PROBLEM 8
An automobile is traveling at 14 m/s around
a circular track of 45-m radius. What is the
coefficient of static friction between the
tires and the road so that the car can go
around the curve without skidding?