Q.P.

Code 16CIV 223

SREENIVASA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES

(AUTONOMOUS)
B.TECH ll Year II semester Regular Examinations
(Question Bank)
STRENGTH OF MATERIAL-11
(CIVIL ENGINEERING)

UNIT I: PRINCIPAL STRESSES AND STRAINS:

Introduction – Stresses on an inclined section of a bar under axial loading – compound stresses –
Normal and tangential stresses on an inclined plane for biaxial stresses – Two perpendicular normal
stresses accompanied by a state of simple shear – mohr’s circle of stresses – Principal stresses and
strains – Analytical and graphical solutions .THEORIES OF FAILURES: Various Theories of failures
like Maximum Principal stress theory,Maximum Principal strain theory – Maximum shear stress
theory – Maximum strain energy theory – Maximum shear strain energy theory.

UNIT -1
PART -A
Answer all the Questions 10×2=20
Q.No Questions Marks CO BL PO
1 Define Principal plane. 2 CO1 R 1

2 Define principal stress. What are the methods used 2 CO1 R 1

3 What are the methods used to determine the stresses on oblique 2 CO1 R 1
section?
4 What are the cases considered in determining the stresses on oblique 2 CO1 R 1
section using analytical method ?
5 Define obliquity and write an expression for it. 2 CO1 R 1
6 What do you understand by the term Theories of failure? Name the 2 CO1 R 1
important theories of failure.
7 Explain the reasons why theory of failure is best suited for (i) ductile 2 CO1 R 1
materials; (ii) Brittle materials
8 What are the cases considered in determining the stresses on oblique 2 CO1 R 1
section using graphical method?
9 Write short notes on Mohr’s circle of stresses. 2 CO1 R 1
10 State distortion energy theorem for failure. 2 CO1 R 1
PART - B
Answer the following by choosing one Question from each unit

11 A rectangular bar is subjected to a direct stress (σ) in one plane only. 10 CO1 A 3
Find out that the normal and shear stresses on an oblique
plane.Where θ = angle made by oblique plane with the normal cross-
section of bar σn = normal stress; σt = tangential or shear stress

12 Derive an expression for the distortion energy per unit volume when a 10 CO1 U 2
body is subjected to principal stresses σ1, σ2 and σ3.
Q.P. Code 16CIV 223
13 The stresses at a point in a bar are 200 N/mm2 (tensile) and 100 10 CO1 A 3
N/mm2(compressive). Determine the resultant stress in magnitude and
direction on a plane inclined at 60o to the axis of major stress. Also
determine the maximum intensity of shear stress in the material at that
point.

14 The normal stress in two mutually perpendicular directions are 600 10 CO1 U 2
N/mm2 and 300 N/mm2 both tensile. The complimentary shear stress in
these directions is of intensities 450 N/mm2. Find the normal and
tangential stresses on the two planes which are equally inclined to the
plane carrying the normal stress mentioned above.

15 At a point in a strained material, on plane BC there are normal and shear 10 CO1 A 3
stresses of 560 N/mm2 and 140 N/mm2 respectively. On plane AC,
perpendicular to plane BC, there are normal and shear stresses of 280
N/mm2 and 140 N/mm2 respectively as shown in the figure. Determine
the following: (i) principal stresses and location on which they act; (ii)
maximum shear stress and the plane on which it acts.

16 The principal stresses at a point in a elastic material are 22 N/mm2 10 CO1 U 2

(tensile), 110N/mm2 (tensile) and 55 N/mm2 (compressive). If the
elastic limit in simpletension is 220 N/mm2 and µ = 0.3, then
determine whether the failure of material will occur or not according
to
(i) Maximum principal stress theory
(ii) Maximum principal strain theory
(iii) Maximum shear stress theory
(iv) Maximum strain energy theorem
(v) Maximum shear strain energy theory

17 Determine the diameter of a bolt which is subjected to an axial pull of 10 CO1 A 2

12 kN together with a transverse shear force of 6kN, when the elastic
limit in tension is 300 N/mm2, factor of safety = 3 and µ = 0.3 using
(i) Maximum principal stress theory
(ii) Maximum principal strain theory
(iii) Maximum shear stress theory
(iv) Maximum strain energy theorem
 Q.P. Code 16CIV 223
Maximum shear strain energy theory

18 Define and explain the theories of failure: 10 CO1 U 2

(i) Maximum shear stress theory
(ii) Maximum shear strain energy theory

19 Define and explain he theories of failure: 10 CO1 U 2

(i) Maximum principal stress theory
Maximum principal strain theory

20 A body is subjected to direct stresses in two mutually perpendicular 10 CO1 U 2

principal tensile stresses accompanied by a simple shear stress. Draw
the Mohr’s circle of stresses and explain how you will obtain the
principal stresses and strains.

UNIT II: THIN CYLINDERS & THICK CYLINDERS

Thin seamless cylindrical shells – Derivation of formula for longitudinal and circumferential
stresses – hoop, longitudinal and Volumetric strains – Changes in dia, and volume of thin
cylinders – Thin spherical shells. Introduction Lame’s theory for thick cylinders – Derivation of
lame’s formulae – distribution of hoop and radial stresses across thickness – design of thick
cylinders – compound cylinders – Necessary difference of radii for shrinkage – Thick spherical
shells.

PART -A

Answer all the Questions 10×2=20

Q.No Questions Marks CO BL PO

1 Distinguish between thin cylinder and thick cylinder? 2 CO2 R 1

2 Define hoop and longitudinal stress. 2 CO2 R 1

3 Write the maximum value of shear stress in thin cylinder. 2 CO2 R 1

4 What are assumptions made in the analysis of thin cylinders? 2 CO2 R 1

5 Derive expression for volumetric strain of cylindrical shells. 2 CO2 R 1

6 Define shrinkage allowance. 2 CO2 R 1

7 Write short notes on compound cylinders and their boundary conditions. 2 CO2 R 1

8 Write equations for radial stress and hoops stress as per Lame’s theory 2 CO2 R 1

9 Write short notes on lames theory for thick cylinders with assumptions. 2 CO2 R 1
 Q.P. Code 16CIV 223
10 What are the different methods of reducing hoop stresses? 2 CO2 R 1

PART - B

Answer the following by choosing one Question from each unit

11 Derive the stresses developed in thin cylindrical vessel subjected to 10 CO2 A 3

internal pressure.

12 A steel water pipe 0.6m in diameter has to resist the pressure due to a
head of 120m of water. To what thickness should it e made if the
10 CO2 U 2
working intensity of pressure in the metal is to be 32N/mm2. After the
pipe has lost 2.5mm of its thickness due to corrosion. Take the specific
weight of water to be 10kN/m3

13 Find the circumferential stress at the inner and outer radius respectively 10
in the case of a pipe with a 100mm internal diameter and which is 40mm CO2 A 3
thick when subjected to an internal pressure of 7.2N/mm2

14 A thick cylinder of steel having an internal diameter of 100mm and an

external diameter of 200mm is subjected to an internal pressure of
10 CO2 U 2
56N/mm2 and an external pressure of 7N/mm2. Find the maximum hoop
stress

15 A thick cylindrical pipe of outside diameter 300mm and thickness of 10

metal 60mm is subjected to an internal fluid pressure of 40N/mm2 and
CO2 A 3
an external pressure of 4N/mm2. Calculate the maximum and minimum
intensities of circumferential and radial stresses in the pipe section.

16 A compressed air cylinder for laboratory use ordinarily carries 10

approximately 15 N/mm2 pressure at the time of delivery. The outside
diameter of such a cylinder is 250mm. If the steel has a yield point of CO2 U 2
225N/mm2 and a safety factor of 25. Calculate the required wall
thickness.

17 A cast iron pipe having an internal diameter of 30cm has wall 6mm thick 10 CO2 A 3
and is closely wound with a single layer of steel wire 3mm diameter
under a stress of 8MN/m2.Calculate the stresses in pipe and the wire
when the internal pressure in the pipe is 1MPa.

18 A cylindrical steel vessel with hemispherical ends is 60cm long over all, 10 CO2 U 2
the outside diameter is 10cm and the thickness 5mm throughout.
 Q.P. Code 16CIV 223
Calculate the change in internal volume of the vessel when ait is
subjected to an internal pressure of 15MPa. E=200GPa and υ = 0.28

19 A cast iron pipe having an internal diameter of 30cm has wall 6mm 10 CO2 U 2
thick and is closely wound with a single layer of steel wire 3mm
diameter under a stress of 8MN/m2. Calculate the stresses in the pipe
and the wire when the internal pressure in the pipe is 1MPa. Es =
200GPa and ECI = 100GPa

20 A cylindrical pressure vessel with closed ends is 25cm external diameter 10 CO5 A 3
and 5mm thick. It is wound closely with a single layer of circular section
steel wire of 1.2mm diameter under tension of 96MN/m2. If the cylinder
is treated as thin, calculate the (a) initial stress in cylinder, (b) initial
pressure which will produce a stress of 48MN/m2, and (c) stress in the
wire under these conditions. Poisson’s ratio = 0.30 .

UNIT III: TORSION OF CIRCULAR SHAFTS

Theory of pure torsion – Derivation of Torsion equations: – Assumptions made in the theory
Theory of pure torsion – Torsional moment of resistance – Polar section modulus – Power
transmitted by shafts – Combined bending and torsion and end thrust – Design of shafts
according to theories of failure. SPRINGS: Introduction – Types of springs – deflection of close
and open coiled helical springs under axial pull and axial couple –springs in series and parallel –
Carriage or leaf springs.

PART -A

Answer all the Questions 10×2=20

Q.No Questions Marks CO BL PO

1 Define a) Torque b) Torsional moment of resistance c) Polar section 2 CO3 R 1

modulus d) Proof load e) Proof stress f) Proof resilience

2 Define Spring constant. Differentiate and explain types of springs. 2 CO3 R 1

3 Derive the equation for power transmitted by a shaft. 2 CO3 R 1

4 Define spring and mention types of springs. 2 CO3 R 1

5 State functions of springs. 2 CO3 R 1

6 Write torsional equation and explain the terms 2 CO3 R 1

 Q.P. Code 16CIV 223
7 Derive the expression for torque transmitted by a hollow shaft 2 CO3 R 1

8 Write the Polar Modulus (i) for a solid shaft and (ii) for a hollow shaft. 2 CO3 R 1

9 Why hollow circular shafts are preferred when compared to solid circular 2 CO3 R 1
shafts?

10 Write the equation for strain energy stored in a shaft due to torsion. 2 CO3 R 1

PART - B

Answer the following by choosing one Question from each unit

11 Calculate the maximum stress in a propeller shaft with a 400mm external

and 200mm internal diameter, when subjected to a twisting moment of
10 CO3 A 3
4650Nm. If the modulus of rigidity, C=82GN/m2, how much is the twist
in a length 20 times the diameter?

12 A closed coil cylindrical spring of circular cross-section has coils with a

75mm mean diameter. When loaded with an axial load of 250N, it is
10 CO3 U 2
found to extend 160mm and when subjected to a twisting couple of
3Nm, there is an angular rotation of 60 degrees. Determine the poisons
ratio for the material.

13 Determine the diameter of a solid steel shaft which will transmit 10

112.5kW at 200rpm. Also determine the length of the shaft if the twist
CO3 A 3
must not exceed 1.50 over the entire length. The maximum shear stress is
limited to 55 N/mm2. Take G = 8x104 N/mm2 ,

14 The internal diameter of a hollow shaft is 2/3rd of its external diameter.

Compare its resistance to torsion with that of solid shaft of the same 10 CO3 U 2
weight and material.

15 A hollow shaft of diameter ratio 3/5 is required to transmit 800kW at 10

110rpm. The maximum torque being 20% greater than the mean. The
shear stress is not to exceed 63MPa and the twist in a length of 3m is not CO3 A 3
to exceed 1.40. Calculate the minimum external diameter satisfying these
conditions

16 A propeller shaft 280mm in diameter transmits 2.5mW at 250rpm. The 10 CO3 U 2

propeller weighs 50kN and overhangs its support by 400mm. If the
 Q.P. Code 16CIV 223
propeller thrust is of 123kN weights. Calculate the maximum principal
stress induced in the cross-section and indicates its position. C=80MPa

17 Find the mean radius of an open – coiled spring (helix angle is 300) to 10 CO3 A 1
give a vertical displacement and an angular rotation of the loaded end
0.02 radian under an axial load 40N. The material available is a steel rod
of 6mm diameter. E= 210GPa. C=80GPa .

18 A composite spring has two close –coiled helical spring connected in 10 CO3 U 2
series; each spring has 12 coils at a mean diameter of 3cms. Find the
diameter of the wire in one of the springs if the diameter of wire in other
spring is 3mm and the stiffness of the composite is 700N/m.

19 In a open coil helical spring having 10 coils, the stresses due to bending 10 CO3 U 2
and twisting are 98MPa and 105MPa respectively, and the spring is
axially loaded. Assuming the mean diameter of the coils to be 8 times the
diameter of wire, find the maximum permissible load and the diameter of
wire for a maximum extension of 2cm. E=210GPa and G=82GPa.

20 a) Distinguish between close and open helical coil springs 10 CO3 U 3

b) What is the value (i) maximum shear forces (ii) central deflection in a
leaf spring subjected to an axial force?

Write the equation for the deflection of an open coiled helical spring
subjected to an axial load W.

UNIT IV: COLUMNS AND STRUTS

Introduction – Types of columns – Short, medium and long columns – Axially loaded
compression members – Crushing load – Euler’s theorem for long columns – assumptions –
derivation of Euler’s critical load formulae for various end conditions – Equivalent length of a
column – Slenderness ratio – Euler’s critical stress – Limitations of Euler’s theory – Rankine
Gordon formula – Long columns subjected to eccentric loading – Secant formula – Empirical
formulae – Straight line formula – Prof. Perry’s formula.
 Q.P. Code 16CIV 223
PART -A

Answer all the Questions 10×2=20

Q.No Questions Marks CO BL PO

1 Derive the equivalent length of a column whose both ends are hinged 2 CO4 R 1
using Euler’s theory.
2 Derive the equivalent length of a column for which one end is fixed and 2 CO4 R 1
other end hinged using Euler’s theory.
3 Derive the equivalent length of a column for which both ends are fixed 2 CO4 R 1
using Euler’s theory.
4 Derive the equivalent length of a column for which one end is fixed and 2 CO4 R 1
other end is free using Euler’s theory.
5 Derive Rankine’s formula 2 CO4 R 1

6 Explain the limitations of Euler’s theory 2 CO3 R 1

7 Derive the maximum and minimum stresses developed in eccentrically 2 CO4 R 1

loaded long columns

8 Derive the equation for maximum deflection and stresses for a uniformly 2 CO4 R 1
loded lateral strut.

9 Derive the maximum bending moment, maximum shear force for a 2 CO4 R 1
circular beam loaded uniformly and supported on symmetrically placed
columns
10 Derive the maximum bending moment for a semi-circular beam simply 2 CO4 R 1
supported on three supports spaced equally.

PART - B

Answer the following

11 A tabular steel strut is 8cm external diameter and 5cm internal diameter,
3m long and has hinged ends. This is subjected to eccentric lad. Find the
10 CO4 A 3
maximum eccentricity for crippling load of 60% of the Euler’s load. The
yield stress being 300MPa and E=200GPa.

12 A hollow circular steel strut with its ends position – fixed, has a length of
3m, external diameter of 0.4m and internal diameter 10cm. Before
loading, the strut is bent with a maximum deviation of 0.4cm. Assuming
10 CO4 U 2
the central line to be sinusoidal, determine (a) the maximum stress due to
a central compressive end load of 8kN. (B) If the load has an eccentricity
of 1.5cm, then find the maximum stress induced. Take E = 200GPa
 Q.P. Code 16CIV 223
13 A steel strut of circular cross-section 1.25m long is hinged at both ends. 10
Find the necessary diameter in order that if a thrust of 50kN deviates at
the end by 1/10th of the diameter from the axis of the strut, the greatest CO4 A 3
compressive stress shall not exceed 35MPa. If the yield stress of steel
300MPa, find the crippling load. E = 200GPa

14 A steel column is of rectangular cross-section 4cm X 6cm and is having

initial curvature given by . T carries a compressive load
of 20kN at the hinged ends. (a)Find the maximum resultant stress 10 CO4 U 2
induced on either side of the column. (b) If this load is having an
eccentricity of 1.5cm, then also find the stresses. E = 200GPa

15 What is the ratio of strength of a solid steel column of 150mm diameter 10

to that of a hollow circular steel column of the same cross-sectional area
CO4 A 3
and a wall thickness of 15mm? The two columns have the same length
and have pinned ends.

16 Determine the safe axial load a timber column of cross-sectional area 10

150mm X 150mm and of 4m length can carry using a factor of safety, 8.
CO4 U 2
Take E = 10kN/mm2 and for (a)hinged ends (b) fixed ends (c)one end
free and other end fixed (d)one end hinged and other end fixed

17 From the Euler’s crushing load for a hollow cylindrical cast iron column, 10 CO4 A 1
150mm external diameter and 20mm thick, if it is 6m long and hinged at
both ends. Compare this load with that obtained by the Rankines formula
using constants 550N/mm2 and 1/1600. For what length of the column
would these two formulae give the same crushing loads? E for the
material = 80kN/mm2

18 A steel strut of circular section is 2m long and hinged at both ends. Find 10 CO4 U 2
the necessary diameter such that under a thrust of 100kN at an
eccentricity of 0.1 of the diameter from the axis of the strut, the
maximum compressive stress does not exceed 90kN/mm2. If the yield
tress in compression for steel is 400N/mm2, find the crippling load of the
strut.

19 A cast iron column with a 10cm external diameter and 8cm internal 10 CO4 U 2
 Q.P. Code 16CIV 223
diameter is 3m long. Calculate the safe load using Rankine’s formula if a)
both ends hinged (b) both ends fixed (c) one end free and other end fixed
(d) one end hinged and other end fixed. σc = 600N/mm2, α = 1/1600.
Adopt factor of safety of 3.

20 Derive the equivalent length of a column for which both ends are fixed 10 CO4 A 3
using Euler’s theory. And Explain the limitations of Euler’s theory.

UNIT V: UNSYMETRICAL BENDING

Introduction – Centroidal principal axes of section – Graphical method for locating principal
axes – Moments of inertia referred to any set of rectangular axes – Stresses in beams subjected
to unsymmetrical bending – Principal axes – Resolution of bending moment into two
rectangular axes through the centroid - Location of neutral axis – Deflection of beams under
unsymmetrical bending. BEAMS CURVED IN PLAN: Introduction – circular beams
loaded uniformly and supported on symmetrically placed Columns – Semicircular beam
simply-supported on three equally spaced supports

PART -A

Answer all the Questions 10×2=20

Q.No Questions Marks CO BL PO

1 Define centroid, moment of inertia 2 CO5 R 1

2 Write short motes on principal axes. Define product of inertia. 2 CO5 R 1

3 Explain parallel axis theorem for product of inertia. 2 CO5 R 1

4 Define ellipse of inertia and write equation of ellipse and locus of a 2 CO5 R 1
point.

5 Write short notes on unsymmetrical bending. 2 CO5 R 1

6 Define Flexure or bending axis. Define combined bending and axial loads 2 CO5 R 1
and write its expression

7 Define shear centre. Write the expressions for shear centre of i) 2 CO5 R 1
 Q.P. Code 16CIV 223
symmetrical sections ii) Equal leg angle sections iii) channel sections

8 Explain unsymmetrical bending 2 CO5 R 1

9 Explain flexure or bending axis 2 CO5 1

10 Determine the shear centre of symmetrical section shown below. 2 CO5 R 1

PART - B

Answer the following by choosing one Question from each unit

11 A rectangular beam is 15cm wide and 20cm deep. It is used as a simply

supported beam on a span of 6m. Two loads of 5kN each are applied to
the beam, each load being 2m from a support. The plane of loads makes
an angle of 30⁰ with the vertical plane of symmetry. Find the direction of
neutral axis and maximum bending stresses at Point A as shown in figure.

10 CO5 A 3

12 A simply supported beam T-section, 2.5m long carries a central

concentrated load inclined at 30⁰ to the Y-axis. If the maximum
10 CO5 U 2
compressive and tensile stresses are not to exceed 75MPa respectively
find the maximum load the beam can carry.

13 A standard I-beam is bent by equal and opposite couples M acting at the 10

ends of the beam in the plane m-m. Find the maximum stress and the CO5 A 3
maximum deflection. I=2400mm4, Iv=150cm4, M=5kNm, l=3m, ϕ=300,
E= 200GPa

14 Find the moment of inertia of unequal leg angle iron section as shown in
10 CO5 U 2
figure with respect to axis passing through the centroid.
 Q.P. Code 16CIV 223

15 A beam is loaded as shown in figure. Determine the maximum deflection 10

and stress at B.

CO5 A 3

16 A cantilever beam of I-section is used to support the loads inclined to 10

the V- axis as shown in figure. Calculate the stresses at the corners A, B,
C and D. Also locate the neutral axis.

CO5 U 2

17 A cantilever beam has a channel section as shown in the figure. A 10 CO5 A 1

concentrated load 15kN lies in the plane of the loads making an angle of
600 with the X-axis. Load lies in the plane of the cross section of the free
end of the beam and passes through shear centre, C. Locate points of
maximum tensile and compressive stresses in the beam and determine
their magnitudes.
 Q.P. Code 16CIV 223

18 A channel section is loaded as shown in the figure. Determine (a) the 10 CO5 U 2
product of inertia with respect to x and y axes; (b) Shear centre.

19 A steel bar of rectangular section 6cm X 4cm is arranged as a cantilever 10 CO5 U 2

projecting horizontally 50cm beyond the support. The broad face of the
bar makes 300 with the horizontal. A load of 200N is hung from the free
end. Find the neutral axis, the horizontal and vertical deflections of free
end, and the maximum tensile stress.

20 Locate the shear centre of the unsymmetrical section as shown in the 10 CO5 U 3
figure.
Q.P. Code 16CIV 223