Clauses

Adverb Clause
Adjective Clause
Noun Clause
 Recap of the Previous Lecture
• Adverbs & their kinds (Time, place, frequency,
manner, quantity, reason, affirmation or
negation)
• Conjunctions: words that merely join two
sentences or words together.
• Two kinds of Conjunctions: Coordinating &
Subordinating Conjunctions
• Coordinating Conjunctions connect two clauses
of equal rank (He is slow, but he is sure) whereas
subordinating conjunctions connect two clauses
of unequal rank (You will pass if you work hard).
 Today’s Topics
• Adverb Clauses
• Adjective Clauses
• Noun Clauses
 Parts of a Sentence
Phrase & Clause
A group of words which makes sense, but not
complete sense is called a Phrase.
• He has a chain of gold.
A group of words which forms part of sentence
and contains a Subject and a Predicate is called a
Clause.
• He has a chain which is made of gold.
Which=Subject
Is made of gold=Predicate
 Main Types of Clauses
• A main or independent clause is a group of
words that can stand alone.
– ‘‘Jeremiah was a bullfrog’’ is such a clause.
• A subordinate or dependent clause is a group of
words that cannot stand alone. This clause needs
to be accompanied by a main or independent
clause to make sense.
– In the sentence, ‘‘Moe went to the department store
after she finished her drawings,’’ the subordinate or
dependent clause is after she finished her drawings,
and the main or independent clause is Moe went to
the department store.
 The Three Subordinating Clauses
The three types of subordinate or dependent clauses are these:
1. The adverb clause is a group of words that functions as an adverb.
– In the sentence, ‘‘While Nick was riding his bike, he saw his friends
walking along the street,’’ the adverb clause is While Nick was riding
his bike.
2. The adjective clause is a group of words that functions as an
adjective.
– In the sentence, ‘‘Doris is the woman who designed the mural,’’ the
adjective clause who designed the mural describes the woman.
3. The noun clause is a group of words that functions as a noun.
– In the sentence, ‘‘This is what the doctor recommended to me,’’ the
noun clause is what the doctor recommended to me.
 Adverb Claus
• They rested late.
• They rested at sunset.
Late is the Adverb of Time. (shows the time of action)
At sunset is an adverb phrase. (A groups of words show the time of
action)
They rested when evening came.
• The time of action is shown by a group of words that has its own
subject (evening) and predicate (came when).
• When evening came is a clause. It is a clause that shows time of the
action. It is an Adverb Clause.
An Adverb Clause is a group of words which contains a subject and a
predicate of its own, and does the work of an Adverb.
 Examples of Adverb Clauses
• You may sit wherever you like.
• I do it because I choose to.
• Will you wait till I return.
• He fled where his pursuers could not follow.
• He behaves as one might expect him to do.
 Pick out the Adverb Clause
• I shall remain where I am.
• Where I am.
• You will pass if you work hard.
• If you work hard.
• He advanced as far as he dared.
• As far as he dared.
 Supply suitable Adverb Clause
• Do not go ---------.
• Till the rain stops/while it rains.
• He is not so clever -------------.
• As you are.
• The boy went out to play ---------.
 Adjective Clauses
An Adjective is a word that modifies the meaning of a noun or
a pronoun.
The broken umbrella is mine
The umbrella with a broken handle is mine.
The umbrella which has a broken handle is mine.
Broken is an adjective.
With a broke handle is an adjective phrase.
Which has a broken handle is a clause, an adjective clause.
An adjective clause is a group of words which contains a
subject and predicate of its own, and does the work of an
adjective (modifies the nouns).
 Examples of Adjective Clause
• Mary had a little lamb whose fleece was white
as snow. (qualifies lamb)
• The letter brought money which was badly
needed (modifies money)
• The house that I live in belongs to my father.
(modifies house)
 Activity 1: Pick out the Adjective Clause
Tell what it modifies
• The dog that bites does not bark.
• That bites. Dog
• He tells a tale that sounds untrue.
• That sounds untrue. Tale
• Here is the book you want.
• You want. Book
• He died in the village where he was born.
• Where he was born. Village.
 Activity 2: Supply suitable Adjective
Clause (that modifies the noun)
• I know the place --------------.
• Where he lives.
• He is the man ----------------.
• Who is true to his words.
• He has lost the book ----------------.
• That he borrowed from the library.
 Noun Clause
A noun is the name of a person place or thing. The subject
and object in a sentence are nouns/pronouns.
I expect a letter.
I expect to get a prize.
I expect that I shall get a prize.
Letter is a noun.
To get a prize is a noun phrase.
That I shall get a prize is a clause. It is also acting as a
substitute of a noun. It is a Noun Clause.
A Noun Clause is a group of words that has its own subject
and predicate and does the work of a noun.
 Examples of Noun Clause
• He replied that he would come.
• That you should cheat me hurts me.
• Do you deny that you stole the watch.
• He saw that the clock had stopped.
 Activity 1: Pick Out the Noun Clause

• I often wonder how you are getting on.

• How you are getting on.
• I fear that I Shall fail.
• That I shall fail.
• No one knows who he is.
• Who he is.
 Replace Noun Clause by a Noun or
Noun Phrase
• The police must know where he is living.
• The police must know his address.
• The law will punish whosoever is guilty.
• The law will punish the guilty.
• I do not believe what he says.
• I do not believe his words.
 Revision
• Noun Phrase: We enjoy playing cricket.
• Adjective Phrase: I like to see a face with a smile
on it.
• Adverb Phrase: He does his work without any
care.
• Noun Clause: His friends hoped that he would
succeed.
• Adjective Clause: I remember the house where I
was born.
• Adverb Clause: They rested when evening came.