List of electronics components
RESISTOR:
resistor symbol
Resistor oppose the current to flow in circuit .
For example, a resistor is placed in series with
a light emitting diode to limit the current to
flow from light emitting diode. Resistors are
either connected in series or parallel
connection. Resistors can be connected in
any form without risk of damage. They
damage only with extra heat. Resistance is
measured in  ohm and symbol for ohm is Ω .
Resistance values starts from 1Ω and go upto
mega ohms. Resistance values are shown
using colour code. As different colours are
shown in resistor symbol. Each colour
represents a number which is used to
calculate value of resistor. Each resistor have
four colour
Types of resistors :
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bands and each colour band have specific
number assigned to it as shown in table.
Follow the procedure the following procedure
to calculate value of resistor using colour
code.
 First colour band represent first
digit
 Second colour band represent
second digit
 Third colour band represent
number of zeros
 Fourth colour band provides the
tolerance of the resistor which may
be ±5 %.
By following above given four steps, one can
easily calculate value of resistor without
using any measurement meter. Ohm meters
are also available which can be used to
measure resistance of resistor.
Rheostat :  It is a type of variable resistor
with two contacts. It is used to limit current in
circuit.For example rheostat is used control
lamp brightness, speed control of dc motor
and it is also in timing circuits to control the
flow charges to capacitor. Circuit symbol of potentiometer symbol
rheostat is given below
Preset variable resistor :
It is another type of variable resistor. As it
name suggest it is pre set variable resistor. It
is designed to set when circuit is made. It is
  adjusted with the help of screw driver. Cost of
Potentiometer : It is a variable resistor preset resistor is less than other type of
with three contacts. It is used to control variable resistor. Therefore it is mostly used
voltage. It is used in many an application in electronics projects  to make project more
where we need to convert current into voltage economical. Circuit symbol of preset resistor
form. Potentiometer is used as a transducers is given below :
to convert one physical force into voltage
form in angle of control spindle. Circuit
symbol of potentiometer is given below:

preset resistor symbol

CAPACITORS:
Capacitors are used to store electrical charge through electric filed. Capacitors store charge
between two plates of capacitor. I am not going to discuss working and internal construction of
capacitor, because it needs extra article to discuss it completely.  Capacitor is also used in timing
circuits along with resistors. There are enormous applications of capacitors in electrical field.  For
example, capacitors are used in filter circuits due to its feature to pass AC signal and block DC
signal.Generally capacitors are of two types. Polar capacitor and non polar capacitor.

capacitors
Capacitance is measured in farad and denoted by F. one farad 1F is very large value of
capacitance. Therefore capacitance is represented in small prefixes. Usually three prefixes are
used to denote value of capacitors micro (υ) , nano (n) and pico (p) .

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Types of capacitors :
Polar capacitor :
Polarized capacitor is usually used in DC
circuit. It is used to store electrical energy.
This type of capacitor have polarity which
means it should be connected properly with non polar capacitor
respective to positive and negative polarity. It
is used in timing circuits, filters circuit to variable capacitor :
block DC and to pass AC. Circuit symbol of Variable capacitor as it name suggests is
polar capacitor is given below: used to get variable capacitance. It is used in
radio tuner circuit to change the frequency of
channel. In radio when you move the knob ,
you actually changing the capacitance.
Change in capacitance ,change the frequency
modulation of circuit with respect to required
channel you want to tune in.Circuit symbol of
polar capacitor
variable  polar capacitor is given below:
Non polar capacitor :
Non polarized capacitors are used in AC
circuits. It is used to remove harmonics from
AC signals and allow only specific frequency
signals to pass into circuit. Circuit symbol of
non polar capacitor is given below: variable capacitor

trimmer capacitor :
Just like a preset resistor, trimmer capacitor
is operated with a small screw driver. Is is
also set during circuit designing. Its value is
adjusted before using it in circuit. Circuit trimmer capacitor
sybmol of trimmer polar capacitor is given
below:

DIODES:
Diodes are electronics devices which allow current o flow only in one direction. Practical diode and
circuit symbol of diode is shown below. Arrow of circuit shows the direction of current flow. Arrow
with vertical side is called cathode and other one is called anode. Figure below also shows circuit
symbol of zener diode. I will explain it later. Diods have many applications in electrical and
electronics circuits. For example rectifier diode is used to convert AC signal into DC in
rectification. Zener diode is used in voltage regulator circuit. Diodes are also used as free wheeling
diodes. Similarly
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 diodes

Type of diodes :
Zener diode :
Zener diode is special purpose semi condutor diode. It is used to mantain fixed voltage in
regulated power supplies.

zener diode

Light emitting diode :

Light emitting diode is a type of transducers which converts electrical energy into light energy.

light emitting diode

photodiode :
It is a special type of diode which converts light energy into electrical energy. same process is
used in solar cells.

photo diode

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 SWITCHES:
Push switch:
This is a simple push button it permits current
flow only in one direction when button is
pressed. It has many applications like
electronics circuits, door bells, led lights
charging lights and many others. Circuit of Double pole single through switch
push switch is shown below: (DPST):
It allows current o flow only in one possible
route according to respective pole. It can be
used to switch main electric supply it can use
used to isolate neutral and live connections of
Push to break switch: main power supply. Circuit symbol of DPST
It also allow current to flow only in one switch is shown below:
direction. But it works opposite to push
switch. It stops current to flow when button is
pressed. It is used in applications where we
want continues power to circuit until button is
not pressed. Circuit symbol of push to break
switch is shown below:
Double pole double through switch:
It is also called reversing switch. It can be
used to reverse direction of motor. It also
have central off position. DPDT circuit symbol
is shown below:
Single pole single through switch
(SPST):
It also allow current to flow in one direction
but it have two states, on state and off state.
SPST switches are used in domestic and
industrial switch boards. Symbol of SPST
switch is shown below:

Single pole double through switch
(SPDT):
As it name suggest single pole double
through switch connects with one phase and
allow current to flow in one of two possible
circuits or routes. As shown in figure either
upper or lower route can be connected to
single phase supply.
RELAY:
It is electro mechanical switch which operate
with external power source. It is used to
operate high power or high voltage circuits
with low power dc circuits. It can be either
normally closed or normally open. Its all three
terminals are shown below:

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 PNP transistor has same applications like
NPN transistor. But the direction of current
flow is opposite in PNP transistor. PNP and
NPN transistor together also used to make
Darlington pair and totem pole configuration.

TRANSISTORS:
Three types of transistors are used in
electronics projects. Description of each of
them is given below:

NPN transistor:
Photo transistor:
NPN transistor used in many electronics
It is light operating transistor. Photo
circuits. It is used as a switch, amplifier and
transistor operates with intensity of light.
current amplifier and also in oscillator
Whenever amount of light fall on base of
circuits. Circuit symbol of NPN transistor is
transistor, it turns on. Photo transistor has
shown below:
many applications in automatic street light
control circuit and auto intensity control of
street lights.

PNP transistor:

WIRING AND ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS IN

ELECTRONICS CIRCUITS:
It is important to understand wiring connection to understand electrical diagrams. Following
symbols are mainly used for wiring connections in electrical circuits.

Wire:
It is just a line which is used to represent path
of current. It is shown below:

Not connected point or wires

Joint:
As shown in figure below, sold bold circle is
used to represent one of more connection of
wires. In other words, a point where two or
more wires connect with each other.
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crossing:
In electrical electronics circuit wires crossing
symbol shows not connected point. Wires
crossing symbol is shown below:
 POWER SUPPLIES:
Following types of powers supplies are used in electronics and electrical projects.

Cell:
Circuit symbol of cell is shown below. Larger
terminal shows positive terminal of cell and
smaller terminal shows negative terminal of
cell. Many people used to call battery to cell.
But in electrical battery consists of two or
more cells.
Battery:
Electrical symbol of battery is shown below.
As I have mentioned earlier, battery consists
of two or more cells. Battery supplies DC
electrical energy.
DC supply:
DC power supply supplies dc current which
flows in one direction only. DC power supply
can be made from AC power supply or using
batteries. Circuit symbol of DC power supply
is shown below:
AC supply:
AC power supply alternating current. Circuit
symbol of AC power supply is shown below:
Fuse:
Fuse is very important components of
electrical circuits. It provides protection to
circuit in case of over current or short circuit
in electronics circuits. Fuse melts when
excessive current flows through circuit.
Transformer:
Transformer is mainly used in AC circuits. But
it is also used in dc power supplies to step
down voltage. Transformer can be used either
as step down or step up transformer.
Transformer used electromagnetic induction
to transfer energy from one circuit to another.
Circuit symbol of transformer is shown below:

AUDIO AND RADIO DEVICES:

 Microphone:

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It is a transducer which converts sounds into
electrical energy. Its circuit symbol is shown
below:

Amplifier:
Amplifier has many applications in electrical
and electronics projects. Amplifiers are used
Earphone: to amplify voltage, current and signals level.
It is a transducer which converts electrical Circuit symbol of amplifier is shown below.
energy into sound. Circuit symbol is shown
below:

Antenna:
Antenna is a device which is used to transmit
Loud Speaker: and receive data through wireless
It is also used to convert electrical energy into communication. Antenna is used to receive
sound with high amplification ability. and transmit radio waves. Circuit symbol of
antenna is shown below.

 
Piezo transducer:
Piezo transducer converts force (stress) into
electrical energy.
OUTPUT DEVICES:
Followings are the list of electronics output devices used in electronics projects:

Lamp:  Heater is a kind of transducer which used to

Lamp is a transducer which converts convert electrical energy into heat.
electrical energy into light energy.

Motor:
Motor converts electrical energy into
Heater: mechanical energy.

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Buzzer:
Buzzer converts electrical energy into to beep
sound.

Inductor:
Inductor is a coil of wire which stores a
magnetic energy when current passes
through it.