Research and Pharmacology-Experimental Drug Programs and Disease Management.

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 Research and Pharmacology-Experimental Drug Programs and Disease Management.

Question 1: Explains the appropriate use of pharmacology and considers efficacy, secondary

health concerns, and factors that may affect efficacy.

Irrational pharmacology is becoming a major concern globally. Appropriate

pharmacology requires the healthcare practitioners to prescribe the correct medication as per

their patients needs, within required timeframe, and within vital costs. Pharmacology are nothing

in themselves, but they produce positive outcomes if prescribed with prudence and reason

(Brenner and Stevens, 2013). In above to the above description, appropriate pharmacology can

be viewed from the patients’ outlook. For patients, appropriate use of drugs is centered on

prescriptions value for their daily lives inclined to cultural sensitivities and economic settings. In

some communities more so those with diverse dialects, social classes, religions, and cultures,

pharmacology use is complex (The behavioral pharmacology of dementia, 2017). For instance,

some cultures prefer traditional treatments over modern pharmacology use. According to

Brenner and Stevens (2013), low-class communities prefer to use cheap drugs that served on the

counter as compared to those prescribed by medical practitioners. The practices are associated

with negative and slow treatment outcomes. Other constrains such as polypharmacy, improper

drug use, and overuse are main pharmacology issues today. Irrational use of pharmacology is

mainly caused by prescription errors and over the counter prescriptions (Craig and Stitzel, 2004).

Illogical us of pharmacology is a basis serious negative health concerns that in turn establish

severe economic consequences. Appropriate implementation of utilization of pharmacology

improves quality of life that result to improved community welfare.

There are various factors that affect efficacy of rational use of pharmacology. Such factors

include; lack of information – developing nations are facing a problem of interpreting

information and safety of use of pharmacology (Your Turn: Lesson Planning, 2017). Many

specialists in rural areas depend on medical representatives to enable them give correct

prescriptions to their patients. Poor education and training of medical practitioners. Inadequate

training of medical specialists in regards to prescribing drugs is a major concern (Your Turn:

Lesson Planning, 2017). The growing reliance of diagnostic aid over clinical diagnosis is a major

issue. Poor communication. Inappropriate communication between healthcare practitioners and

consumers may lead to wrong prescriptions of drugs. Lack of adequate facilities and drugs

supply. Poly-pharmacy is a sensitive issue caused by lack of proper diagnosis and absence of

drugs. Lack of regulatory systems can lead to flooding of drugs in the market thus causing

irrational pharmacology use (Your Turn: Lesson Planning, 2017). 

Question 2: Explains the relationship between quality patient outcomes, patient safety, and the

use of pharmacology; considers both the benefits and limitations of pharmacological treatments.

With the rising dependence of pharmacology use as the main intervention for most

diseases, pharmacology users are exposed to possible benefits as well as apparent harm. The

advantages or rational pharmacology use include increased quality patient outcome, effective

management of the disease, patient safety, and slow development of the illness (Pharmacology

and Therapeutics. (2002). Pharmacology use harm ascend from treatment errors encompassing

incorrect prescription. Inadequate training of healthcare practitioners about patient quality and

safety, healthcare facilities staffing problems, poor communication, improper dispensing

platforms, labeling issues are some of the limitations to patient quality outcome and patient

safety (Hogan, Burke, Gingrich, and Dentlinger, 2018). Some other factors that limit patient

safety and quality outcome include allergic patients to drug use, poor facilities for proper

diagnosis, and rare medications.

 According to Taylor and Ballard (2015), proper information on the prevalent illness is

key to prevent pharmacological errors. Slight errors cause harm to patients. In some errors go

undetected and resurface as a major issue that are either treatable or not. The latter causes

increased mortality, morbidity, and high cost of treatment. Pharmacological treatment errors can

be avoided can be mitigated if the practitioners are well informed and trained to offer better

patient care and safety.

Question 3: Explains how pharmacology affects communities and organizations in terms of both

preventing disease and promoting health and wellness.

Pharmacology usage has positively and negatively affected organizations in regards to

preventing illness and promoting people’s health and wellness. Pharmacology has taken the fore

front to promote heath wellness in different organizations and communities. It has raised

awareness on rational drug use. Specialists in our communities are being trained to attain

appropriate skills and techniques (Hogan, Burke, Gingrich, and Dentlinger, 2018). Practitioners

in the communities have also taken part in educating the public about the hot health topics such

as drug abuse, disease prevention, Female Genital Mutilation effects, and family planning (Craig

and Stitzel, 2004). Community programs such as blindness programs, immunization programs,

have increased awareness all to health care and wellbeing.

Trained practitioners today easily manage information of drugs using upgraded systems.

Such information is crucial to all the medical specialists as it reduces the incidences of error that

may alter with patient’s health and wellness. Earlier diagnosis of diseases has also been made

possible. This reduces the cases of advanced medical cases that are costly and time consuming.

Organization and community economic activities are positively altered with in the long run

(Taylor and Ballard, 2015). Workers in the organization can today access regular medical
checkups. Regular checkups ensure the wellbeing of employees enhancing their good

performance. Time is also saved as most diseases can be prevented early due to the growing

efforts of health awareness. Slogans such as “your health is your wealth” has enables many

youths to distance themselves from vulnerable abuse of drugs such as smoking tobacco and

drinking alcohol. According to “The behavioral pharmacology of dementia”, (2017), health

awareness in the community helps to prevent some diseases caused by poor hygiene,

consumption of contaminated food, and other contagious diseases.

There are also some negative impacts that affect various organizations and communities.

Some negative uses of pharmacology include polypharmacy, improper drug use, and drugs

overuse. Irrational use of pharmacology is mainly caused by prescription errors and over the

counter prescriptions. There are enhanced by not effectively training practitioners. Illogical us of

pharmacology is a basis serious negative health concerns that in turn establish severe economic

consequences. On the other hand, low-class communities prefer to use cheap drugs that served

on the counter as compared to those prescribed by medical practitioners. The practices are

associated with negative and slow treatment outcomes Appropriate implementation of utilization

of pharmacology improves quality of life that result to improved community welfare.

Question 4: Describes inequities regarding access to pharmacology and considers the impact of

inequities on individuals, families, communities, and populations.

Pharmacology inequality has been a hot topic for decades. Patient outcomes and safety

are issues that are related to inequality in economic levels within a specific population. With the

widening gaps between the high social class, middle class, and low class, economic inequality is

stirring towards the gates if worse patient outcome and well-being (Hogan, Burke, Gingrich, and

Dentlinger, 2018). Pharmacology inequality does not necessarily denote levels in poverty of

various individual, families, communities, or population (Pharmacology and Therapeutics,

(2002). What it insists is that poverty and patient outcome and safety are conjoined. This means

the poor are purportedly related to poor patient outcome and safety rates and vice versa.

Inequality in the use of pharmacology reduces social cohesion. Craig and Stitzel, (2004) suggests

that this phenomenon has raised fear, insecurity cases, and stress to most individuals that cannot

afford supportive healthcare. With the growth of inflation trends all over the world, tensions are

on the rise over patient outcome and safety cases. Communities and populations wellbeing can

only be encouraged through the establishment of proper quality pharmacology systems.

 References

Brenner, G. M., & Stevens, C. W. (2013). Pharmacology. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier.

Craig, C. R., & Stitzel, R. E. (2004). Modern pharmacology with clinical applications.

Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Hogan, M. A., Burke, S. O., Gingrich, M. M., & Dentlinger, N. C. (2018). Pharmacology.

Boston: Pearson Education, Inc.

Pharmacology & Therapeutics. (2002). Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 95(3), 311–314. doi:

10.1016/s0163-7258(02)00291-7 Giberson, S. F. (2013). Transform health care: A call to

action for pharmacy. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 70(18), 1601–1604.

doi: 10.2146/ajhp130092

Taylor, A. C., & Ballard, S. M. (2015). Preparing Family Life Educators to Work with Diverse

Populations. Family Life Education with Diverse Populations Family Life Education with

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The behavioural pharmacology of dementia. (2017). Behavioural Pharmacology, 28, 91–93. doi:

10.1097/fbp.0000000000000302

Your Turn: Lesson Planning. (2017). Reaching and Teaching Diverse Populations: Strategies for

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