Business Statistics 75

Chapter 06 Hypothesis Testing

Important Terminology of Hypothesis Testing

1 Population (mgMÖK): †Kvb GKwU cixÿ‡Y mywbw`©ó wKQz ˆewk‡ói
AwaKvix m¤¢ve¨ mKj Dcv`v‡bi mgwó‡K mgMÖK e‡j

2 Sample (bgybv) : GKwU mgMÖ‡Ki wKQz msL¨K Dcv`vb wb‡q MwVZ

Ask‡K H mgMÖ‡Ki bgybv e‡j|

3 Small Sample (ÿz`ª bgybv) : †Kvb bgybvi GK‡Ki msL¨v 30 ev Zvi Kg n‡j
Zv‡K ÿz`ª bgybv e‡j|

4 Large Sample (e„nr bgybv) : †Kvb bgybvi GK‡Ki msL¨v 30 Gi †ewk n‡j
Zv‡K e„nr bgybv e‡j|

5 Parameter (civwgwZ) : †Kvb mgMÖ‡Ki mvgwMÖK ˆewkó¨ †evSvevi Rb¨

e¨eüZ cwimvswL¨K cwigvc‡K H mgMÖ‡Ki civwgwZ e‡j| mgMÖ‡Ki Mo ( μ) ,
cwiwgZ e¨eavb (σ ) , †f`vsK (σ 2) BZ¨vw` civwgwZ cÖKvkK cÖZxK|

6 Test Statistics (hvPvB bgybvRgvb) : †Kvb bgybvi AšÍM©Z

Dcv`vbmg~‡ni †h †Kvb MvwYwZK wµqvKvÛ ev dvskb‡K bgybvRgvb ev
hvPvB bgybvRgvb ejv nq| bgybvi Mo ( x́ ) , cwiwgZ e¨eavb ( s) , †f`vsK ( s2)
BZ¨vw` bgybvRgvb cÖKvkK cÖZxK|

7 Sampling Distribution (bgybvR web¨vm) : bgybvR web¨vm n‡”Q

bgybvRgv‡bi m¤¢vebv web¨vm

8 Hypothesis (Kíbv) : mgMÖK m¤^‡Ü †h‡Kvb wee„wZ ev c~e© Abygvb‡K

Kíbv e‡j|

9 Parametric Hypothesis (civwgwZK Kíbv) : †Kvb mgMÖ‡Ki web¨v‡mi

civwgwZ m¤ú‡K© †h †Kvb Kíbv‡K ejv nq civwgwZK Kíbv|

10 Non Parametric Hypothesis (AcivwgwZK Kíbv) : †Kvb mgMÖ‡Ki web¨vm

m¤ú‡K© †h †Kvb Kíbv‡K ejv nq AcivwgwZK Kíbv|

11 Null Hypothesis (bvw¯Í Kíbv) : †h cvwimvswL¨K Kíbvq a‡i †bqv nq †h,

GKvwaK NUbvi g‡a¨ †KvbiKg e¨eavb †bB (A_©vr mgvb) Zv‡K bvw¯Í Kíbv
76 Chapter  6 : Hypothesis Testing

e‡j| bvw¯Í Kíbv‡K H 0 Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq|

12 Alternative Hypothesis (weKí Kíbv) : †h cvwimvswL¨K Kíbvq a‡i †bqv nq

†h, GKvwaK NUbv mgvb bq Zv‡K weKí Kíbv e‡j| weKí Kíbv‡K H 1 Øviv
cÖKvk Kiv nq|

13 Type I Error (cÖ_g ai‡bi fzj) : †Kvb h_v_©Zv hvPvB‡q bvw¯Í Kíbv ( H 0)
mZ¨ nIqvi ciI eR©b Ki‡j †h fz‡ji D™¢e nq Zv‡K Type I Error e‡j| G‡K α
(Avjdv) Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq| α -†K h_v_©Zvi gvÎvI ejv nq

14 Type II Error (wØZxq ai‡bi fzj) : †Kvb h_v_©Zv hvPvB‡q bvw¯Í Kíbv ( H 0
) mZ¨ bv n‡jI Zv MÖnY Ki‡j †h fz‡ji D™¢e nq Zv‡K Type II Error e‡j|

15 Level of Significance (h_v_©Zvi gvÎv) : †Kvb h_v_©Zv hvPvB‡q Type I fzj

Kivi m‡e©v”P m¤¢vebv‡K h_v_©Zvi gvÎv ejv nq| G‡K α (Avjdv) Øviv
cÖKvk Kiv nq| †Kvb hvPvB‡q h_v_©Zvi gvÎv D‡jøL bv _vK‡j α =0.05 aiv nq

16 Acceptance Region (MÖnY †ÿÎ) : †Kvb h_v_©Zv hvPvB‡q MÖnY †ÿÎ n‡jv
bgybvRgv‡bi Hme †mU †h¸‡jv Null Hypothesis ‡K MÖnY Ki‡Z e‡j|

17 Critical Region (mskq/eR©b †ÿÎ) : †Kvb h_v_©Zv hvPvB‡q mskq †ÿÎ n‡jv
bgybvRgv‡bi Hme †mU †h¸‡jv Null Hypothesis ‡K eR©b Ki‡Z e‡j|

18 One Tailed Test (GK cÖvwšÍK hvPvB) : †Kvb h_v_©Zv hvPvB‡q eR©b
†ÿÎ hw` bgybvR web¨v‡mi Wvb ev evg †h †Kvb GK cv‡k _v‡K Zv‡K One
Tailed Test e‡j|

19 Right/Upper Tailed Test (Wvb cÖvwšÍK hvPvB) : †Kvb h_v_©Zv hvPvB‡q

eR©b †ÿÎ hw` bgybvR web¨v‡mi Wvb cv‡k _v‡K Zv‡K Right/Upper Tailed Test
e‡j|

20 Left/Lower Tailed Test (evg cÖvwšÍK hvPvB) : †Kvb h_v_©Zv hvPvB‡q

eR©b †ÿÎ hw` bgybvR web¨v‡mi evg cv‡k _v‡K Zv‡K Left/Lower Tailed Test
e‡j|

21 Two Tailed Test (`yB cÖvwšÍK hvPvB) : †Kvb h_v_©Zv hvPvB‡q eR©b
†ÿÎ hw` bgybvR web¨v‡mi Wvb I evg Dfq cv‡kB _v‡K Zv‡K Two Tailed Test
e‡j|

22 Degree of Freedom (¯^vaxbZvi gvÎv) : bgybvR gvb wbY©‡qi †ÿ‡Î †h

K‡qKwU gvb ¯^vaxbfv‡e †bqv hvq Zv‡`i msL¨v‡K ¯^vaxbZvi gvÎv e‡j|
 Business Statistics 77

†hgb- Avgiv Ggb cuvPwU msL¨v wb‡Z PvB hv‡`i †hvMdj n‡e 120| G‡ÿ‡Î
4wU gvb Avgiv B”Qv g‡Zv wb‡Z cvwi; wKš‘ cÂg gvb ¯^vaxbfv‡e †bqv m¤
¢e bq|
myZivs, Degree of Freedom, ϑ=(n−1)=5−1=4