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Module 3 Part 1 - FLywheel Punching Press PDF
Module 3 Part 1 - FLywheel Punching Press PDF
DIAGRAMS
AND
FLYWHEELS
The turning moment diagram (also known as
crank- effort diagram) is the graphical
representation of the turning moment or crank-
effort for various positions of the crank. It is
plotted on Cartesian co-ordinates, in which the
turning moment is taken as the ordinate and
crank angle as abscissa.
The fluctuations above and below the mean
torque line in a turning moment diagram is known
as coefficient of fluctuation of energy.
Let energy at A = E
Therefore,
Energy at B = E + a1
Energy at C = E + a1-a2
Energy at D = E + a1-a2+a3
Energy at E = E + a1-a2+a3-a4
Energy at F = E + a1-a2+a3-a4+a5
Energy at G = E + a1-a2+a3-a4+a5-a6
Ce = Max. Fluctuation of energy
Work done per cycle
Where,
W.D. = Tmean * ɵ
ɵ = 2𝜋 for steam and 2 stroke IC engine
ɵ = 4𝜋 for 4 stroke IC engine
𝑃∗60 𝑃
Tmean = =
2𝜋𝑁 𝜔
A flywheel is a mechanical device specifically
designed to efficiently store rotational
energy when the energy supplied is more
than the requirement and to supply it when
there is a deficiency in the energy
requirement.
= 2ρ.A.ω2.R2 . . . (1)
This vertical force will produce tensile stress or hoop stress and
it is resisted by 2P, such that
2P = 2σA . . . (2)
Equating equations (1) and (2) ,
2ρ.A.ω2.R2 = 2σA
σ = ρ. ω2.R2
= ρ.v2
σ
Therefore, v= . . . (3)
ρ
We know that mass of rim,
m = Volume * density = 𝜋.D.A.ρ
𝑚
A= . . . (4)
𝜋.𝐷.ρ
From (3) and (4) we can find out the value of mean radius and
cross – section area of the rim.
𝑁1 −𝑁2 𝜔1 − 𝜔2 𝑣1 −𝑣2
Cs = = =
𝑁 𝜔 𝑣
Where ,
𝑁 +𝑁
N = mean speed = 1 2
2
N1 = Max. speed during the whole cycle
N2 = Min. speed during the whole cycle
𝑣1+𝑣2
v = mean speed =
2
v1 = Max. linear speed during the whole cycle
v2 = Min. Linear speed during the whole cycle
𝜔1+ 𝜔2
𝜔 = mean speed =
2
𝜔1 = Max. angular speed during the whole cycle
𝜔2 = Min. angular speed during the whole cycle
Let, m = mass of flywheel in kg,
k = radius of gyration of flywheel in m,
I = moment of inertia of flywheel about
its axis of rotation in kgm-3
N1 & N = max. and min speeds during
the cycle in r.p.m.,
𝜔1 & 𝜔2= max. and min. angular speeds during
the cycle in rad/s,
N = mean speed during the cycle,
𝜔 = mean angular velocity during the cycle,
Cs = coefficient of fluctuation of speed.
We know that the mean kinetic energy of the flywheel,
1 1
E = * I.𝜔2 = * m.k2.𝜔2 (in N-m)
2 2
As the speed of the flywheel changes from 𝜔1 to 𝜔2, the max.
fluctuation of energy,
ΔE = Max. K.E. – Min. K.E.
1 1 1
= * I.(𝜔1) - * I.(𝜔2) = * I[(𝜔1)2 - (𝜔2)2 ]
2 2
2 2 2
1
= * I (𝜔1 + 𝜔2)(𝜔1 − 𝜔2) = I. 𝜔 𝜔1 − 𝜔2
2 (𝜔1−𝜔2)
= I. 𝜔2 𝜔
= I. 𝜔2.Cs
= m. k2. 𝜔2.Cs
= 2.E. Cs (in N-m)
What is a punching press ?
A punch press is a type of machine press used
to cut holes in material.
Let E1 be the energy required for punching a hole. This
energy depends on the size of the hole punched, the
thickness of the material and the physical properties of
the material.