Exchanging theodolite & target

Calculation of Plan Distance

Prism Target plate

zenith

EDM
S (measured)
z S

Theodolite v
v (measured) Traverse Station C

L (calculated)

Traverse Station B

L = S sinz
 Basic Traverse Computations
 AB ,  CD : calculated by control coordinates
 BU , UV , VC : calculated by observed angles
C
CD
C

N D

V VC
V

AB U UV
U
B
A
BU
B

Fig. 4.5 Link traverse (A, B, C, D: known stations)

Sources of Error in Traverse Operations
 Errors in measurement of angles and distances.
 Poor selection of traverse points resulting in bad
sighting conditions (into sun, through timber, etc.)
 Failing to measure the angles an equal number of
times direct and reversed (doubling and
averaging)