HSE Tool Box Talk PDF

HSE Tool Box Talk
Tool Box Talk No Topics
HSE-TBT-001 Excavation
HSE-TBT-002 Confined Space
HSE-TBT-003 Ladder
HSE-TBT-004 Cranes and Overhead Wire
HSE-TBT-005 Hand Signal For Crane Operator
HSE-TBT-006 Use of Chain Saws
HSE-TBT-007 Construction Equipments
HSE-TBT-008 Fire Safety
HSE-TBT-009 Use of Electricity
HSE-TBT-010 Portable Electrical appliances
HSE-TBT-011 Welding Operations
HSE-TBT-012 Welding and Cutting Safety Tips
HSE-TBT-013 Use of Compre ssed Gase s
HSE-TBT-014 Use of Hand Tool s
HSE-TBT-015 Safe Stacking on Site
HSE-TBT-016 Work Permits
HSE-TBT-017 Safety Signs
HSE-TBT-018 Head Protection
HSE-TBT-019 Ear Protection
HSE-TBT-020 Eye Protection
HSE-TBT-021 Work at height
HSE-TBT-022 Clothing
HSE-TBT-023 Hand Protection
HSE-TBT-024 Dust and Fumes
HSE-TBT-025 Foot Protection
HSE-TBT-026 First Aid
HSE-TBT-027 Defensi ve Driving
HSE-TBT-028 Driving On Steep Slopes
HSE-TBT-029 Driving Safely in Winter
HSE-TBT-030 Defensi ve Driving and Road Safety
Project Name: Topic: EXCAVATION Date:
Tools Box Talk No: Trainer
Introduction:
Removal of earth/soil digging either manually(shovel) and mechanically(JCB,proclaims etc..,)
Excavations areas exceeding 1.2m depth are inspected daily and thoroughly and examined by a
competent person on weekly basis.
Excavated soil should be poured least maintaining 1Mts from edge of excavated area and area is
barricaded temporarily or permanent on the basis of requirement.
Adequate supply of suitable timber for protection from shoring at excavated area.
Main points:
If a trench or an excavation is 1.2m or deeper st airways, ramps, or ladders will be used as
safe means of access and egress.
Provide an adequat e supply of s uit able barriers and t raffic notices, and ensure adequat e
protection and warnings are provided for members of the public.
Ensure that the loads, plants or materials are not placed near the edge.
Consumption of alcohol is strictly prohibited at excavated area i.e.., workmen and equipment
operators.
Demarking of all underground services to secure and protect once they are exposed.
Di scussion:
All workers should be conscious at work site and are required to inform
to higher aut horities if materials are req uired in sufficient
Alcohol is strictly prohibited in site
Parking of vehicles least maint ained 1m or ½ of depth of excavation
which ever is greater.
ISSUE NO:01 REV NO:00 EFFECTIVE DA TE:01-04-2010 FORM NO: VISP L/HSE/ TB T/001
Project Name: Topic: Confined Space Date:
Introduction:
confined spaces can include cellars, pits, tanks, drains, manholes, sewers, and even some
types of excavation. Some are more obvious than others, but confined spaces are more common on
construction sites than often realized.
Main points:
o Consider what may comprise a confined spac e on your site!

o A risk assessment should be carried out for all confined spaces.
o Never ever work alone in a confined space.
Di scussion Points :
o Hazards include oxygen depletion/enrichment, suffocation, toxic and flammable atmospheres, physical
dangers (plant), biological hazards, etc.
o Confined space atmospheres should be checked prior to entry.
o Suitable PPE should be worn which may include breathing apparatus, and may require s pecialist
training.
o Employees working in confined spaces should be fit and healt hy
o Permit to work systems should be used where applicable (these should include rescue proce dures).
o Work in confined spaces must be supervised, either physically or by communications/ monitoring
equipment (remember failure procedures).
o Ensure any recovery equipment is checked and serviceable prior to starting work.
o Ensure all know the alarm proc edure – including location of nearest telephone, etc.
o Don’t eat, drink, smoke, or used naked flames in confined spaces or in close proximity to entry.
o Ensure there is suitable access/ egress
o Remain alert to any changes in the situation/ environment. IF IN DOUB T –get out !
GLOV ES
AND
MASKS
MAY
PROTECT INDIVIDUALS – SAFE S YSTEMS OF WORK PROTECT EV ERYONE !
Project Name: Topic: LADDERS Date:
Introduction:
Use ladders only for simple work of short duration. They should be used primarily as a means
of access and NOT as a working platform.
Ladders shall be of good construction with no missing or defective rungs, of sound material
and of adequate strength for the purpose for which it is used and is properly maintained.
Only erect ladders on a firm and level base.
Main points:
Secure a straight ladder at the top. When it is impracticable to do so, firmly secure the ladder
at the base by some effective means or by any person.
Rise ladders at least 1.05m for handhold above their landing place or above the highest rung.
The rungs and the footwear of the user shall be in good condition shall be free from moisture, dirt and grease.
Di scussi on:
Do not erect straight ladder at a base angle exceeding 75 degrees or a 4 (rise):1 (base) ratio.
Do not c arry t ools or materials in hand when climbing up or down. If necessary, use a tool holster to carry hand tools to
spare hands for holding the ladder.
Do not us e aluminum ladders or ot her ladders whic h are electrically conductive for electrical work unless they have
been fully insulated especially at footing of the ladder.
Use wooden or fiber-glass ladders for electrical work or when working near electrical conductors etc.
Wear s afety harness wit h lany ard anc hored properly when working on the ladder at height of 2m or more if the
provision of working platform is not reasonably practicable.
Inspect the ladder for any defects before each use. Do not use wooden ladder that has been painted as painting may
cover up the defects. Display warning label to the defective ladder
Project Name: Topic: CRANES AND OVER HEAD Date:
Tools Box Talk No: WIRES Trainer
Introduction:
There are many dangerous situations on a construction site, but operating hoisting equipment close to
overhead wires is more than just dangerous, it's a matter of life and death! The following guidelines should
help us prevent potentially deadly contact:
Main points:
o Keep cranes a safe distanc e from power lines. For lines rated 50 kV or below, minimum clearance
between the lines and machines or loads must be 10 feet plus 0.4 inc h for each 1 kV. over 50 kV., or
twice the length of the line insulator, but NEVER less than 10 feet.
Di scussion Points:
o Use a qualified signalperson when the crane is within boom's length of a line.
o The signal - person must warn the operator when the machine is approaching the lines since the
operator may not be able to accurately judge the distance.
o The signalperson should have no other duties while the machine is working near the power line.
o Do not rely on ground rods for safety. They provide little or no protection.
o People touc hing the crane or load will still draw enough current to kill, even with the best ground rods
in place.
o In addition, don't rely on proximity warning devices, hook insulators, insulating boom guards, s wing
limit stops, etc. as each has serious limitations.
o Except for the operator, keep all personnel away from the crane when working near power line Don't
allow anyone to touch the load, crane, or crane hook until the signalpers on indicat es that it is safe to
do so.
o Exercise caution when working near overhead lines having long spans. These tend to swing laterally in
the wind and contact can occur.
o Use caution when moving cranes. Uneven ground can cause the boom to weave or bob into lines.
o Ensure a rout e is plainly marked when cranes must travel beneath power lines.
o 'Rider' poles should be erected on eac h side of the crossing approach to guarantee that the boom will
be lowered to a safe position.
o A void using tag lines except when it is possible for the load to spin into the power line. All rope will
conduct electricity.
DUMP TRUCKS & OVERHEAD WIRES SP ELL DANGER, TOO! BE ALERT IN INDUSTRIAL AREAS &
NEAR TEMPORARY POWER LINES.
Project Name: Topic: HAND SIGNALING FOR Date:
Tools Box Talk No: CRANES Trainer
Introduction:
When using hand signal be sure the operator can see you and that both of you understand all the signals.
Main points:
o You and the operator are in charge of an important operation.

o Co-workers lives depend on your skills.
o A wrong signal could cause a serious injury or possible death. THINK SAFETY !
o HOIS T -- Extend the right arm straight out and rais e the forearm to vertical, forefinger pointing up, then
move hand in small horizont al circle.
o LOWER -- Extend the right arm downward, forefinger pointing down, then move hand in small
horizontal circle.
o RAISE BOOM -- Extend right arm straight out, fingers closed and thumb pointing upward.
o LOWER BOOM -- Extend right arm straight out, fingers closed and thumb pointing downwar d.
o SWING -- Extend right arm away from body, point with finger in direction of swing of boom.
o STOP -- Right arm extended down with wrist bent and palm down and open.
o EMERGENCY S TOP -- Right arm extended, palm down, then move hand rapidly right and left.
o TRAVEL -- (both tracks, crawler cranes only) Us e both fists in front of body, making a circular motion
about each other to indic ate the direction of travel - forward or backward.
o DOG EVERY THING -- Clasp hands in front of the body.
o RAISE BOOM & LOWER LOAD -- Extend right arm with thumb pointing up, then flex fingers in and out
as long as load movement is desired.
o LOWER BOOM & RA ISE LOAD -- Extend right arm with thumb pointing down, then flex fingers in and
out as long as load movement is desired.
As for the rest of us on the job, stay alert when working near any crane operation. A void working under a
moving load -- stay clear of the c ounter balance -- and always remember that the crane operator's vision may
be obscured; be on guard for your own safety.
KEEP ALL PARTS OF A CRANE, FALL LINES, HOOK, BLOCK, AND LOAD A MI NIMUM OF 15 FEET
FROM ALL ELECTRICAL LINES.
Project Name: Topic: USE OF CHAIN SAWS Date:
Introduction:
Chainsaws are increasingly used within the construction industry, often in a manner for which they are not
originally designed. They are particularly dangerous and can cause serious injury, even in the hands of a
trained operator.
Main points:
o All chainsaw operators should have rec eived formal training

o Chainsaw operat ors should wear suitable PPE
o Chainsaws should be maint ained in a serviceable and safe condition.
Di scussion Points:
o Before using a chainsaw carry out the following checks:

 Check guards are in place, in good condition and secure.
 Check chain brake operation.
 Check security of casing and all nuts and screws.
 Check throttle and interlock for serviceability.
 Check chain sharpness, tension and freedom of movement.
 Check chain lubricating res ervoir – top up if required.
o Ensure you have all the required PPE and that it is serviceable. This should include leggings.
o Always engage the chain brake and place on a secure surfac e clear of any obstructions before starting
the chainsaw.
o Never make adjustments to the chainsaw whilst it is running.
o Maintain a firm grip, using bot h hands, on the chainsaw when in operation, and aim to complete cuts at
full throttle where practicable.
o If you have to stage cuts, take extreme care when re-entering the previous cuts.
o Always beware of the timber closing in on the saw cut and pinching the chain.
o Never place any part of your body in the saw’s line of cut.
o Before moving with the chainsaw, s witch it off, apply the chain brake, and fit t he scabbard over the
chain. Carry by front handle with chain facing rearwards.
o Refuel chains aws in well – ventilat ed areas and atleast 3 metres away from where you are going to
use the chainsaw (wipe up any spilt fuel ). Do not smoke and ensure no naked flames are nearby.
Check for fuel leakage and ensure fuel cap is correctly replac ed.
WE WERE GIV EN TWO HANDS AND TWO LEGS – LETS KEEP IT THAT WAY!
Project Name: Topic: CONSTRUCTION Date:
Tools Box Talk No: EQUIPMENTS/DANGERS Trainer
Introduction:
Construction Equipment used on construction jobs oft en creates dangerous conditions. Any moving equipment
such as skip loaders, backhoes, trenchers, cranes, hi-lifts, trucks, you name it, should be respected and
avoided.
Don't just assume that the operator sees you. You could wind up injured or worse. And don't depend on
hearing a horn or an alarm to warn you that moving equipment is near. You may not be able to hear the
equipment 's alarm over other construction noise.
Main points:
o When you see that equipment is traveling backwards keep out of the way and stand clear until the
operator has completed his maneuver.
o Never cut across the path behind any unit while it is backing. You could easily trip and fall under the
equipment. For the same reason you should never ride on the running boards, steps or drawbar or any
equipment, even for a short distance.
o During backing, the operator should have the project foreman clear t he area behind the unit and
provide direction. No operator should back a piece of equipment into and area without someone
clearing the area and giving signals.
o Watch out for swinging count erweights on equipment such as cranes. There is often a pinch -point
between the counterweights and some obstruction when the unit swings. Make sure there is enough
room for workers to pass and if there is not - shut off the area to any access.
o Never ride on or near mat erial t hat is being t ransported by equipment. The load could shift and you
can be thrown t o the ground. Also, clearance may not allow for your position and you can be crushed
between overhead or side obstructions.
o If you must ride on equipment, make sure that all parts of your body are inside t he unit, including your
arms and legs. In addition, it at all possible, get off any portable scaffold or work platform while the unit
is being moved. The time it takes to get off will be much less than the time lost if you fall or the unit tips
over.
o Never walk alongside moving equipment. Keep in the clear in case it slides or turns, or the load shifts.
o When you are working near equipment operating in the vicinity of power lines, don't touch or come in
contact with the frame of the unit or the load cables.
o There is always the chance that the boom of the unit may hit the power lines. Warn the operator and
the foreman any time you see this possibility and follow their instructions.
o Don't walk under loads on cranes and hoists. Always take the path that avoids danger.
o Never clean, adjust, lubricate, repair or work on a machine that is in operation. Stop the machine
before working on it and replace the guards as soon as it is done and before operation is resumed.
o The safest thing to do around construction equipment is keep away while the equipment is in
operation. If you must be near the equipment, make sure the operator knows y ou are working nearby
and stay alert.
KEEPI NG YOUR MI ND ON WHERE YOU ARE IN REALTION TO THE EQUIPMENT WILL NOT ONLY
PREV ENT INJURIES BUT COULD S AV E YOUR LIFE!
Project Name: Topic: FIRE AND SAFETY Date:
Introduction:
Fire is a major risk both to pers ons and to property. You can either help prevent fires, or you can help
start/allow them.
Main points:
o Ensure y ou are aware of the fire drill including the means of raising the alarm, escape routes, and the
assembly point.
o Ensure you know where the nearest fire point is, what types of fire extinguisher are there, what types
of fire they can be used on, and how they should be used (never put yourself at risk!)
o Never obstruct any fire points, fire doors or escape routes
Di scussion Points:
o Never misuse or tamper with anything provided for the fire prevention or fighting (never discharg e fire
extinguishers during horseplay)
o Don’t hang clothing/mat erials over or near heating equipment.
o Cont rol rubbish – don’t le paper, rags, etc, accumulate
o Store flammable liquids in suitable containers – well away from any sources of ignition, keeps lids on
containers when not in use.
o Cont rol smoking ---use designated areas if necessary.
o Don’t overload electrical sockets – one plug per socket!
o If electrical equipment is not in use then switch off at the mains
o Bitumen boilers, soldering irons, gas rings, etc., must be placed on non-combustible stands.
o Carry out residual heat checks 30-60 minutes after any hot work has been carried out.
o Always have afire extinguisher within arms reach when carrying out hot work.
o Obtain ho working permits where applicable.
FIRE
DESTROYS P EOPLE AND PROP ERTY – SAFE P EOPLE PREV ENT FIRES.
Stop Smoking In si te Premises Smoking is prohibited
Project Name: Topic: USE OF ELECTRICITY Date:
Introduction:
Electricity is silent, invisible, and potentially fat al, so it deserves the utmost respect. Never ever take
electricity for granted, and never assume a circuit is dead.
Main points:
o The lowest practical voltage should be used on construction sites, which should not exceed 110v
o Only suitable and authorized electrical supplies and equipment should be used, which should be
installed and maintained by trained electricians.
o Suitable prot ection such as circuit breakers, fuses, and residual current devices, must always be used,
along with the correct load ratings.
Di scussion Points:
o Electrical cables should be suspended where practicable to avoid damage and damp (which also
reduces a trip hazard)
o Carry out visual checks of plugs, sockets and cables – if any damage is identified then remove from
service and report immediately.
o Any cable joins must utilize proper connector blocks, not just insulating tape.
o Never use lighting sockets to power equipment.
o Ensure cables are long enough for the task – they should not be pulled taut.
o The inner insulation of cables should never be visible – the out er insulation should extend int o plugs
and equipment and fully utilize cable grips.
o Blown fuses should be replaced immediately – never make do with a ―bodge‖ (NOTE : If a replaced
fuse immediately blows again then it is indicative of a problem requiring the attention of an electrician)
o For electrical maintenance work ensure the mains supply is disconnected.
o Never overload electrical sockets – one plug per socket!
o Where ― emergency stop‖ switches are present ensure they are tested regularly.
LIVE ELECTRICITY CAN EQUAL A DEAD PERSON.
Preserve natural resource s
don’t waste electricity
ISSUE NO:01 REV NO:00 EFFECTIVE DA TE:01-04-2010 FORM NO: VISP L/HSE/ TB T/00 9
Project Name: Topic: PORTABLE ELECTRICAL Date:
Tools Box Talk No: APPLIANCE Trainer
Introduction:
Electrical appliances on site are subject to harsh treatment and can easily become worn and/ or
damaged. They can bec ome lethal.
Main points:
All portable electrical appliances should be subject to regular inspection and

maintenance by a competent person (electrician)
They must only be used at the correct voltages – This should be 110v
maximum on a construction site.
Visual checks of cable casing and plugs should be carried out prior to use. If
any damage is identified then remove from service and report immediate
o Check that suitable protection devices such as fuses, circuit breakers and
residual current devices are in place, and that any fuses have the correct load
ratings.
o Only use portable electrical appliances for t he purpose for which they were
designed.
o Ensure switches are working properly at the earliest opportunity (prior to
starting the task).
o Disconnect power tools when not in use.
o All power tools must be properly earthed unless it is an approved type that
does not require eart hing.
o Use of portable electrical appliances will often require wearing of suitable PPE
such as eye and/ or ear prot ection – ensure you wear them as required.
o Never connect portable power tools to lighting sockets
o Never use blunt, worn or damage bits and accessories.
IT’S TOO LATE TO CARRY BASIC CHECKS AFTER AN ACCIDENT !
Project Name: Topic: WELDING OPERATON Date:
Introduction:
Welding is a multi –risk operation to bot h operatives and others in the vicinity
that must be strictly controlled.
Main points:
o Only trained operatives can undertake welding operations

o Welding operations will always require the wearing of suitable personal protective equipment.
o Fire is an ever present risk when welding and suitable precautions must be taken
Di scussion Points:
o Infra red rays, visible light rays and ultra violet radiation are hazardous to the ey es and skin.
Wear suitable skin and eye prot ection (basic ey e protection will always be required, and
normally filter protection will be required).
o Consider the risks to other employees and provide suitable protection/procedures such as
confining welding to specific areas, use of welding screens, etc.
o Wear suitable clothing that covers bare skin and is flame resistant
o Welding and cutting produces fumes and gases that c an harm the respiratory system (some
fumes from lead or toxic coated materials can also affect the rest of the body)- wear filtered
respirators for low volume work. Permanent welding locations should have local exhaust
ventilation fitted.
o Have Co2 or dry powder fire extinguishers at hand, check areas where welding operations
have been undertaken at least 30 minutes after work has been completed for any residual fire
risks
o Compressed gas cylinders pose a fire and explosive risk.
o Ensure only t he minimum number of cylinders are stored on sites as are required, ensure they
are stored upright, ensure flas h back arrestors are fitted at cylinder gauge ends and non-return
valves at inlets to the blowpipe, ensure valves are closed prior to moving.
o The primary risk from electric arc welding is electric shock – check insulation, earthling,
equipment condition and protective devices.
GLOV ES AND MASKS PROTECT THE US ER – SAFE S YSTEMS OF WORK PROTECT EV ERYONE
Project Name: Topic: SAFETY TIPS OF Date:
Tools Box Talk No: WELDING AND GAS CUTTING Trainer
Introduction:
Fuel gasses may be toxic. Check a copy of the manufacturer's MSDS. Oxygen and fuel gas hos es are
not interchangeable. They must be easily distinguishable by either c olor or surface characteristics
sensitive to touch. Keep welding hoses clear of any falling metal, slag or sparks.
Main points:
o Do not tamper with the relief valve or remove it from a regulator.

o Examine hoses before attaching to welding torch handles or regulat ors. Never us e a defective hose or
a hose in doubtful condition.
o Never perform any welding or cutting operation without proper eye protection.
Di scussion Points:
o Always keep gas cylinders secured properly and in a vertical position. Keep valve protection caps in
place whenever cylinders are not in use. Close valves completely on empty cylinders.
o Always open cylinder valves slowly and carefully.
o When a cylinder wrench is needed on the valve, keep the wrench close at hand so the valve can
turned off quickly if necessary.
o Place gauges if they become damaged and keep dust covers in place. Perform welding in a well -
ventilated area.
o Always keep gas cylinders secured properly and in a vertical position. Keep valve protection caps in
place whenever cylinders are not in use. Close valves completely on empty cylinders.
o Always open cylinder valves slowly and carefully.
o When a cylinder wrench is needed on the valve, keep the wrench close at hand so the valve can
turned off quickly if necessary.
o Place gauges if they become damaged and keep dust covers in place. Perform welding in a well-
ventilated area.
PEOPLE CAUS E ACCIDENTS – NOT EQUIPMENT!
LPG AND COMPRESS ED GAS ES ARE VALUABLE “TOOLS” – BUT CAN BE LETHAL IF NOT US ED
“CORRECTLY”
Project Name: Topic: USE OF COMPRESSED Date:
Tools Box Talk No: GASES Trainer
Introduction:
Compressed gases, including liquefied P etroleum Gas (LPG), are us ed extensively on

construction sites and provide a valuable source of energy. Misuse, however, can result in
fires, serious accidents and injuries.
Main points:
o Treat all cylinders as full

o Regularly inspect hoses, cylinders and valves for damage and wear and tear.
o The likes of Oxy/Acetylene cylinders should only be used by competent pers ons.
Di scussion Points:
o Keep cylinders away from the sun, artificial heat, flammable materials, corrosive chemicals, etc. Do not
smoke in vicinity.
o If a cylinder catches fire, then call the fire brigade. Cool the cylinder with water spray only if safe to do
so.
o Always have fire extinguishers located within reasonable proximity to any hot work being carried out.
Use hot work permits if appropriate.
o Ensure everyone knows fire proc edures including alarm signal, evacuation routes, assembly area, and
correct use of fire extinguishers (including types!)
o A void damage to cylinder valves and fittings. Don’t use then as c arrying aids. Open valves slowly and
close sufficiently to cut gas supply – do not use excessive force.
o Always secure acetylene cylinders in upright position. Ensure all cylinders are stored so that they
cannot fall or oll.
o Consider manual handling of cylinders – they are heavy ! Use a trolley for full size cylinders or get
assistance
o Always unload cylinders from lorries, vans, etc, by fitting – not by dropping/ sliding
o Trans port cylinders in vehicles in vehicles with good ventilation – ensure relevant signs (compressed
gases) are clearly displayed on vehicles.
PEOPLE CAUS E ACCIDENTS – NOT EQUIPMENT!
LPG AND COMPRESS ED GAS ES ARE VALUABLE “TOOLS” – BUT CAN BE LETHAL IF NOT US ED
“ CORRECTLY”
Project Name: Topic: USE OF HAND TOOLS Date:
Introduction:
Misuse and poor maintenance of hand tools result in countless injuries every year. Whilst many may
be considered ―minor‖ – all are avoidable by complying with relatively simple procedures.
Main points:
o Always only use the right tool for the job.

o Maintain all tools in a serviceable condition – If unserviceable either repair or replace.
o Cont rol/protect tools with obvious risks
o Use correct size spanners/sockets for nuts – if using adjustable, be extra cautious as these are more
prone to slipping.
o Always keep hands behind cutting edges when working
o Grind down mus hroomed heads of chisels, punches, etc to prevent splinters flying off.
o Do not use screwdrivers as chisels – handles splinter.
o Replace split or damaged wooden handles – do not tape or wire up.
o Regularly check hammerheads, etc for security of fixings.
o All files should be fitted with suitable wooden handles.
o Where necessary use specialist tools (insulat ed screwdrivers on live electrics)
o Protect sharp edges/ points of tools.
o Keep tools in tool boxes or racks when not in use.
o Where applicable ensure suitable PPE in worn (eye protection, gloves, etc)
MINOR ACCIDENTS CAN RESULT IN MAJOR INJURI ES
(A SPLINTER FROM A MUSHROOMED CHIS EL HEAD CAN BLI ND YOU!)
Project Name: Topic: MATERIAL STACKI NG AT Date:
Tools Box Talk No: “SITE” Trainer
Introduction:
Unsafe stacking can cause injuries as a result of collapse, or when materials have to be collected from
stacks. In contrast, safe stacking not only reduces risk , but also enhanc es site efficiency.
Main points:
o Only stack materials in designated areas ensuring that escape rout es, doorways etc, are not
obstructed.
o Stack on level, firm surfac es, use packing where appropriate, and never stack materials higher than
three times the base width.
o Make sure you wear suitable prot ective clothing suc h gloves and safety boots, and use -handling
accessories as appropriate.
o Use machinery where possible eliminating the need for manual handling. Where manual handling is
unavoidable, carry out an assessment
o Stack small pipes in racks, while large diameter pipes must be securely chocked at the base.
o Do not stack pipes in pyramids – they are not sufficiently stable.
o Large concrete rings must be laid flat so they cannot roll.
o Small sized timbers should be stacked in racks.
o Bearers should be used for larger timbers and joists – use cross packing to keep level
o Where possible keep different lengt h timbers in different stacks.
o Large prefabricated panels should be stacked flat or in suitable racks – they should never be leaned
against temporary structures, parts of building, or where the wind could affect them
o Store bricks/blocks/palleted materials on level surfaces and ensure heights are controlled – only stack
two packs high, an place upper stack squarely on lower stacks
o If banding is damaged or materials are displaced then do not stack materials on top – where necessary
make lower stacks safe.
YOU WERE BORN WITH TWO HANDS, TWO LEGS – LET’S KEEP IT THAT WAY!
Project Name: Topic: WORK PERMIT SYSTEM Date:
Introduction:
Permits are needed in construction because certain work conditions present haz ards during particular
activities. These activities must be evaluated and determined to be safe prior to any work -taking place.
There are various types of permits. Typical groups that may be found in construction include --
excavation permits, hot work permits, confined space permits, personnel basket permits, lockout -tag
out permits, electrical hot work permits, line break permits, crane permits, heavy/critical lift permits,
and there may be others required on your worksite.
Main points:
o Permits enable us to have safer working environments. Misuse may cause an accident and possibly a
death. No one wants that!
o A permit is a document allowing you to do s omething that involves a hazard of some kind. Follow it to
the letter.
o See your supervisor about who to contact to get a permit issued.
o First, always inspect the area you are about to work in.
o Identify fire watchers and fire extinguisher locations.
o Insist that all required signat ures are obtained prior to starting work.
o Look for obvious haz ards.
o Review emergency proc edures with all crew members.
o Make sure all workers are wearing the required personal protective equipment.
o Inspect your hand tools and check other equipment you may need to use.
o Follow all visual signs and instructions.
o Be prepared for the unexpected.
o Don't take any chances.
o Your life and others that work in the area will depend on each member of the crew doing
the job correctly.
o If your permit requires testing, be sure to have the testing done prior to entry.
o Lock, tag, and try proc edures are a must when preparing for a plant shutdown,
equipment shutdown, equipment isolation, or release and cont rol of stored energy.
o Watch for pinch points when you are blocking lines and closing valves.
o A permit is usually issued for a specific amount of time.
o When the permit becomes void or invalid, the permit must be reissued
o Cont act your supervisor for reissue of permit.
FAILURE TO FOLLOW PERMIT PROCEDURES AND SAFE WORK P RACTICES WILL CAUS E ACCI DENTS
Project Name: Topic: SAFETY SIGNS Date:
Introduction:
Signs, tags, and color codes are used on construction sites to warn employees of
hazardous conditions and help them in case of an emergency.
Main points:
o For signs to be effective they must be understood by the work force they are trying to inform.
o Most signs are in English, however there are times when they should be in the language of the
work force that is present.
o If everyone speaks Hindi, then signs should be in that language. Pictograph signs may also be used.
Di scussion Points:
o RED -- is the basic color used to inform workers of an immediate hazard.

o Most DANGE R signs are in red and white with white lettering on the red portion and black letters in the
white area. Examples are: DANGER - HIGH VOLTA GE, DANGE R - KEEP OUT, DANGE R - NO
SMOKING.
o Red is also the color that identifies fire protection equipment and apparatus, safety cans, fire
extinguishers and alarms. And of course there is the familiar red octagon with S TOP in white letters.
o YELLOW -- signs are messages of caution and warn you to take action to protect yourself. Caution
signs are yellow with black lettering. Examples: CAUTION - WA TCH YOUR S TEP, CA UTION - LIVE
POWER SUPPLY, CAUTION - EYE PROTE CTION RE QUIRE D.
o ORA NGE -- is the color used to identify dangerous machine parts. These are loc ations that can cause
major lacerations, crushing injuries or electrical shock. For example, gears, pulleys and rollers may be
marked with this color.
o PURPLE -- is used to identify radiation hazards. You will see it if you work at a nuclear power plant.
Purple identifies where radioactive materials are stored or handled. Site X-ray technicians will have
containers or vehicles marked with radiation signs to alert workers.
o Another sign is the SAFETY INS TRUCTION S IGN. These signs give you various kinds of safety
information. The signs have a white background with a green panel that has white lettering. Example:
This project has worked _ days without a lost time accident.
SIGNS PROVIDE YOU WITH SOME TYP E OF INFORMATION.
TAKE TIME TO READ AND UNDERSTAND THE MESS AGE.
THE SIGN IS THERE FOR YOUR P ROTECTION!
Project Name: Topic: HEAD PROTECTION Date:
Introduction:
Safety Helmet is used for head protection. Safety helmet is a piece of
personal protective equipment designed to individually protect an employ ee when all other
methods of protection cannot.
Main Points:
o Wear a safety helmet when there is the risk of being hit by falling objects.
They should be used when there is a danger of falling objects striking somebody on the head
or when somebody could hit their head against something.
o Wear safety helmet while on or near a construction site.
Discussion Points:
o You may also remove your helmet when eating lunch or dinner in a designated eating area
o No person shall enter a construction site unless he is wearing a suitable safety helmet.
o Destroy, remove and replac e all worn, defective or damaged helmets.
Project Name: Topic: EAR PROTECTION Date:
Introduction: Noise induced hearing loss is the most common occupational health hazard there is,
and it is incurable. Once you are deaf, you stay deaf.
Main points:
o Compressors, concrete mixers, circular saws, break ers, etc, can all damage your hearing.
o You do not have to be using noisy equipment to be affected by it, just be I the vicinity.
o If y ou have t shout to be heard t hen t he noise level can be regarded as high enough to warrant the
wearing of ear protection.
o Wear ear protection at all times when exposed to noise hazard (obey noise haz ard warning signs)
o Wear proper ear protection and wear it properly (ie cotton wool is no good for ear protection and ear
muffs are no good worn over a balaclava)
o If ear plugs are used ensure they are a good fit, are fitted properly, and are kept clean
o Earmuffs must be good fit, particularly where the s eal fits the head, and must be worn the correct way
around.
o Ensure hands are clean when handling all types of ear protection, and store ear protection in a clean
environment.
o Do not alter pressure of ear defenders by bending the band.
o Report any damaged, lost or serviceable ear prot ection immediately
o Consider options for reducing noise in the workplace, ie turn off unused machinery, keep cement mixer
and compressor covers closed, ensure airlines do not leak, fit mufflers to tools where applicable, move
noise source away, shield noise source, etc.
YOU COULD PAY THE PRICE FOR GETTI NG IT WRONG FOR THE REST OF YOUR LIFE!
Project Name: Topic: EYE PROTECTION Date:
Introduction: It only takes a small fragment or splinter to cause irreparable damage to the eye, but most
risks can be significantly reduced, if not eliminated, by simply wearing suitable eye protection..
Main points:
o You have a legal obligation to us e eye protection provided in accordance with the regulations, and you
should never enter an area where eye protection is required unless wearing such.Ensure eye
protection provided fits you comfortably and is suitable for the job
o Look aft er any eye protection provided. K eep them clean and report any damaged, lost or
unserviceable ey e protection immediately.
o E ven if not carrying out a task with an obvious eye hazard, you may be at risk from others nearby.
Always have your eye protection with you and if any doubt – wear it!
o Eye protection only works when worn over the eyes – it is useless worn over the head or around the
neck
o Never watch any welding processes unless wearing suitable protection
o Should you get something in y our eye, or receive any sort of eye injury, then get a trained first aider to
look at it.
o Always consider eye protection when compressed air, hazardous substances, cartridge- fired tools,
power tools, power washers, hand tools such as chisels, etc, are in use.
EYE PROTECTION IS REPLACEABLE – EYES ARE NOT!
Project Name: Topic: WORK AT HEIGHT Date:
Introduction:
Any works i.e.., 2 meters from ground level is referred as ―height work‖.
To arrest fall protection, the following should be provided
(a) working platforms.

(b) guard-rails, barriers, toe-boards and fences.
(c) coverings for openings.
(d) gangways and runs.
1. Tak e adequat e steps to prevent any person on a construction site from falling from a height of 2 metres or more.
2. In special circumstances of work where the us e of working platforms are impractical,

ot her means of fall prevention s uc h as sc affolds, s afety nets and s afety harnesses/ belts s hall be provided.
Discussion:
1. Mostly safety harness shall be us ed for fall prot ection bec aus e it could reduce injuries to the waist caused by
the shock from a fall. Safety harness or belt anchor point should be directly above and the lanyard shall be left with
the minimum free length.
2. Safety harnesses or belts are a specially worn and att ac hed to s uit able anc hor points for:
rigger works, works from sus pended cages and climbing permanent ladders
3. The length of lanyard shall be adequate to have free moment at work place.
4. Make sure so that the working plat form is secure and check it will support the weight of worker using it and any
materials ,equipments they are likely to use or store on it.
5. Ensure work place is cordoned during execution of work avoiding fall of materials below and multilayer jobs are
observed.
6. When using harness remember that they need to be able to attach themselves before they move into position
where they are relying on the protection provided by the harness.
Project Name: Topic: CLOTHING Date:
Introduction:
Suitable and sensible clothing is a pre-requisite of site safety and can provide effective protection
against a wide range of haz ards.
Main points:
o Wear head protection – it can save your life!

o Wear Safety shoes/boots that provide prot ection to your toes and to the soles of your feet.
o Wear gloves where there is any risk to your hands
o Wear hi-visibility clothing/ vests – be seen.
o Keep clothing reasonably clean to protect against dermatitis, fire, etc.
o A void loose clothing – especially loose ends that can get in machinery, etc.
o Skin Cancer is deadly – keep skin covered when working in sunny conditions.
o A void ex posed skin when working with substances such as cement, tar, insulation, etc.
o If clothing you are wearing becomes contaminated then remove it and get it washed.
o If working wit h hazardous substance consider use of suitable coveralls
o Wear any PPE provided, and look after it so that it can look after you.
o Jewellery, including rings, chains, etc, can be haz ardous near machinery and when working on plant –
consider taking off or tapping up (also reduces wear and tear)
o Always dress properly, even for s hort jobs, and be prepared to s wap or add clothing as required for
specific.
DRESSING SAFELY ISN’T BEING SILLY – IT’S BEING SENSIBLE.
Project Name: Topic: HAND PROTECTION Date:
Introduction:
Wear suitable gloves when working or handling sheet metal and other objects, which have
sharp edges and corners.
Main Points:
Wear gloves when doing welding and cutting works.
Wear gloves, it will help to you for better grip while handling oily components
Gloves are not recommended for operators working on rotating parts of machinery.
Wash hands properly with disinfectant soap and clean water before drinking, eating or
smoking Wash hands immediately after each operation on site when the situation warrants.
Discussion points:
The gloves for protecting worker hands from the chemical solutions, liquid solutions, electrica l shocks,
sharp objects ,abrasive and hard parts should be long ,extending well beyond the wrists.
Project Name: Topic: DUST AND FUMES Date:
Introduction:
Exposure to dust and fumes should be prevented where practicable, and must at least be controlled;
breathing in dust and fumes can have bot h acute and chronic effects, and can cause long-term health
problems
Main points:
o Dust arise from cutting, sanding and grinding operations, and can also be found when working with old
lead pipes (lead oxide dust) or stripping out fibrous insulation.
o Fumes arise from a wider source of origins including welding operations, use of hazardous
substances, heating metals such as lead burning off old paints etc.
o The effects vary greatly, but examples of potential hazards include lung disease from silica dust as a
result of cutting/scrabbling concrete, cancer from cutting/ sandin g hardwood dust, metal fume fever
from welding fumes, and lung canc er/asbetosis from exposure to asbestos, to name but a few.
Di scussion Points:
o Where practicable, plan operations/tasks to eliminate exposure to dust and fumes.

o
o Where elimination is not practicable, then exposure to dusts and fumes must be controlled
o Use tools with dust extraction system if possible
o Consider the use of portable extraction equipment.
o Consider use of local exhaust ventilation where practicable.
o As a last resort use personal protective equipment/respiratory protective equipment. Ensure it is
suitable and that you know how to use it properly, and how to maintain it.
o Always remember other workers in the area – they may also require protection.
YOU CAN LEAV E A DUSTY PLACE ANYTIME ---- BUT ASTHMA LAS TS FOREV ER!
Project Name: Topic: SAFETY SHOES Date:
Introduction: Safety Shoes is used for Foot Prot ection.
Main Points:
o Wear suitable safety shoes or ankle boots when working anywhere where there is high risk of foot
injuries from slippery or uneven ground, sharp objects, falling objects etc.
Di scussion P oints:
o All safety footwear, including safety shoes, ankle boots and rubber boots shall be fitted with steel
toe caps. For electric al work ers, where elect ric al haz ard exists,
o safety foot wear with electric al resistant soles shall be fitted as appropriate.
o Workers working in construction site should always wear safety shoes.
Project Name: Topic: FIEST AID Date:
INTRODUCTION
The immediate action takes for a injured or treatment given to injured at immediate is said to be first
aids.
MAIN POINTS:
At least one person trained in first aid shall be included in the team of responsible persons in charge
of first aid
boxes. Contract ors s hall provide a pers on trained in first aid t o a construction site with 30 to 99
workmen.
At least two persons trained in first aid are required for a construction site with 100 or more workmen.
A ―Person Trained in First-Aid‖ means a person who:
(a) holds a current certificate of competency in first aid issued by the St. John Ambulance
Association or Red Cross.
(b) is a registered nurs e within the meaning of the Nurs es Registration Ordinance.
(c) has otherwise complet ed a course of training in first aid approved by the
Commissioner for Labour.
First Aid
A construction site with five or more workmen shall have a ―FIRS T AID BOX‖ (preferably a
portable one) marked plainly ―FIRS T AID‖ in English. S eparate first aid box shall be
provided for every 50 workers on site.
The location of the nearest first aid box and the name of the pers on in charge of the box
shall be dis play ed in
that work place.
The required content of the first aid box shall be replenished as necessary by the responsible
person or first aider.
A readily s ervic eable ―S TRE TC HE R‖ s hall be provided t o a Construction site with 50 or
more workmen.
DISCUSSON POINTS:
If you have been taught on how to give artificial respiration, use the method with which you
are most familiar.
 Do not delay, start artificial respiration immediately and persevere with it, for many
hours if necessary.
 Note: The brain begins to suffer irreparable damage if left wit hout oxygen for a few
minutes
 Send for, but never wait for a doctor. If the victim is removed to a hospit al, artificial
respiration must be continued during the journey. Mouth to mout h method (not to be
used for a gaseous incident.
Project Name: Topic: DEFENSIVE DRIVING Date:
Introduction:
More than 41,000 people los e their lives in motor vehicle crashes each year and over two million more
suffer dis abling injuries, according to the National Safety Council. The triple threat of high speeds,
impaired or careless driving and not using occupant restraints threat ens every driver—regardless of
how careful or how skilled.
Driving defensively means not only taking responsibility for yourself and your actions but also keeping
an eye on "the other guy."
Main points:
o Don't start the engine without securing each passenger in the car, including children and pets. Safety
belts save thousands of lives each year! Lock all doors.
o Remember that driving too fast or too slow can increase the likelihood of collisions.
o Don't kid yourself. If you plan to drink, designat e a driver who won't drink. Alcohol is a factor in almost
half of all fatal motor vehicle crashes.
Discussion Points:
o Be alert ! If you notice that a car is straddling the center line, weaving, making wide turns, stopping
abruptly or responding slowly to traffic signals, the driver may be impaired.
o A void an impaired driver by turning right at the nearest corner or exiting at the nearest exit. If it
appears that an oncoming car is crossing into your lane, pull over to the roadside, sound the horn and
flash your lights.
o Notify the police immediately after seeing a motorist who is driving suspiciously.
o Follow the rules of the road. Don't contest the "right of way" or try to race another car during a merge.
Be respectful of other motorists.
o Don't follow too closely. Always use a "three -second following distanc e" or a "three-second plus
following distance."
o While driving, be cautious, aware and responsible.
ACCIDENT OR SAFETY CHOI CE IS YOURS! P ENALTY COULD BE DEATH!
Project Name: Topic: DRINING ON STEEP Date:
Tools Box Talk No: SLOPES Trainer
Introduction:
There have been a number of incidents in relation to V ehicles ASCE NDING & DES CENDING Slopes.
In a number of these incidents it has been concluded t hat a loss of control occurred at some point
during the ascent or descent.
Main points:
o Always STOP and Assess the gradient.

o Ensure 4 wheel drive is engaged.
o Select 1st gear initially and drive up the gradient slowly to test for traction.
o If traction is good, drive a straight course up the gradient (Never travers e steep gradients as tipping
may occur) .
Remember if ever you are in doubt STOP and don’t take RIS KS’
Discussion Points:
VEHI CLE FAILING TO CLIMB AS CENTS
1. Apply the foot brake soon as forward motion is lost. 8. Check slope is clear behind.
2. Allow engine to stall (do not engage clutch) 9. Release the hand brake.
3. Keep foot hard on foot brake. 10. Release the foot brake.
4. Apply the hand brake. 11. Check slope is clear behind.
5. Depress the clutch pedal. 12. Start engine.
6. Select reverse gear. 13. Steer down slope.
7. Release the clutch pedal.
STEEP DESCENTS
1. Stop vehicle and apply hand brake. 8. Release hand brake.

2. Check the gradient 9. Drive forwards.
3. Start the vehicle. 10. Keep left foot away from clutch
4. Select 4-wheel drive. 11.Keep right foot over brake.
5. Engage differential lock. 12. Allow engine to slow vehicle
6. Select low ratio. 13. Drive Straight down the gradient.
7 Select first gear. 14. Do not attempt to change gear.
Note: before descending ensure you exit is clear of obstacles and obstructions
REMEMBER
NEVER CHANGE GEAR
ALLOWING E NGINE TO STA LL (DO NOT USE CLUTCH)
IF WHEEL SPIN OCCURS, DE CELE RA TE
IF YOU FOLLOW THESE SIMPLE S TEPS THE YOU CA N RE DUCE THE POTE NTAL OF HAVING A
INCE DENT AS A DRIVER
SOME TIMES YOU DON’T GET A S ECOND CHANCE!
Project Name: Topic: DRIVING SAFELY IN Date:
Tools Box Talk No: WINTER Trainer
Introduction:
The leading cause of death during winter storms is transportation accidents. Many accidents could be
avoided if drivers took time to learn and practice these tips for driving safely during snowy and icy
conditions. Failing to allow yourself enough time to stop is a major cause of wint er driving accidents.
Main points:
o During slippery conditions stoppin g distances can triple.

o Driving at a slower speed, anticipating stops at traffic lights and intersections, and applying brakes
sooner than normal will help ensure accident-free stops.
o When braking, brake carefully with short, rapid application of the brakes. Always allow plenty of extra
space between you and other vehicles to minimize the need for quick stops.
o Acceleration, turning, and passing also present dangers during winter. Accelerate slowly to avoid loss
of traction and subsequent loss of control.
o Turn slowly, with caution, to avoid sliding into a stationary object or the path of an oncoming vehicle.
o A void sudden movements.
o Pass with care because passing lanes are not maintained as well as driving lanes.
o Again, leave extra space between yourself and other vehicles so there's room to maneuver in case
something goes wrong.
o During a skid, steer cautiously in the direction you want the car to go.
Di scussion Points:
o Always use your seatbelt.

o Turn on your headlights during adverse weather conditions. Overcast skies and falling snow limit
visibility. It is important to see and be seen.
o Like all the signs say, bridges and overpasses freeze before the roadway. Use extra caution on these.
o Remember that driving in winter weat her conditions causes physical and mental fatigue and reduces
reaction times. Get plenty of rest and adequate nutrition. Don't drive while you're sleepy or on
medication that causes drowsiness.
o Prepare your vehicle well ahead of time. Check fluid levels, tire pressure, lights, and the battery. Have
a mechanic give your vehicle a winter check-up and make any necessary repairs.
o Stock an emergency kit containing heavy clothes and a blank et, traction material such as sand or kitty
litter, tire chains, a small shovel, first aid kit, flashlight, jumper cables, and a bright cloth to use as a
flag.
o While driving, be cautious, aware and responsible.
YOUR SAFETY MEANS SAFETY OF YOUR FAMILY.
Project Name: Topic: DEFENSIVE DRIVING Date:
Tools Box Talk No: AND ROAD SAFETY Trainer
Introduction:
Defensive driving is to prevent injury and damage and t o save lives, money and time inspite of the
unfavorable conditions around you and the actions of others. It involves anticipating situations or
factors t hat can possibly lead to accidents, and maneuvering your driving in away that enables you to
stay out of accident situations.
Main points:
o Knowledge – of traffic rules, behind – the wheel procedures and hazards involved. (Do not expect
all drivers to know them
o Alertness – To conditions around you and your vehicle that may affect your driving and als o to the
illegal acts and driving errors of the drivers.
o Fore sight – for anticipating immediately and long- range developments and preparing for them
o Judgement – in knowing what choices you have for making the right decision and acting on it
promptly.
o Conc ern – for accident prevention, regardless of who is right or wrong.
Di scussion Points:
o Adjust your driving to the conditions around you, like the conditions of your vehicle, weather,
traffic, road, besides your own physical and ment al condition
o Ensure that the vehicle is in good mechanical and electrical conditions with good tyres.
o Take good care of your car battery and maint ain the electrical system well.
o Maintain correct tyre pressure.
o Change engine oil as recommended by the vehicle manufacturer.
o Before starting your vehicle, go round the vehicle for a quick visual from outside and peep below
the vehicle to see any tell –tale marks of oil or water leak
o Watch out for any vehicle fault and rectify the same as soon as possible.
YOUR SAFETY MEANS SAFET Y OF YOUR FAMILY.

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HSE Tool Box Talk

Tool Box Talk No Topics

o Consider what may comprise a confined spac e on your site!

dangers (plant), biological hazards, etc.

o Confined space atmospheres should be checked prior to entry.

o Employees working in confined spaces should be fit and healt hy

o Work in confined spaces must be supervised, either physically or by communications/ monitoring

equipment (remember failure procedures).

o Ensure there is suitable access/ egress

PROTECT INDIVIDUALS – SAFE S YSTEMS OF WORK PROTECT EV ERYONE !

Only erect ladders on a firm and level base.

o You and the operator are in charge of an important operation.

o All chainsaw operators should have rec eived formal training

o Before using a chainsaw carry out the following checks:

Stop Smoking In si te Premises Smoking is prohibited

along with the correct load ratings.

LIVE ELECTRICITY CAN EQUAL A DEAD PERSON.

Preserve natural resource s

don’t waste electricity

All portable electrical appliances should be subject to regular inspection and

IT’S TOO LATE TO CARRY BASIC CHECKS AFTER AN ACCIDENT !

o Only trained operatives can undertake welding operations

o Do not tamper with the relief valve or remove it from a regulator.

PEOPLE CAUS E ACCIDENTS – NOT EQUIPMENT!

Compressed gases, including liquefied P etroleum Gas (LPG), are us ed extensively on

o Treat all cylinders as full

PEOPLE CAUS E ACCIDENTS – NOT EQUIPMENT!

o Always only use the right tool for the job.

MINOR ACCIDENTS CAN RESULT IN MAJOR INJURI ES

(A SPLINTER FROM A MUSHROOMED CHIS EL HEAD CAN BLI ND YOU!)

o RED -- is the basic color used to inform workers of an immediate hazard.

SIGNS PROVIDE YOU WITH SOME TYP E OF INFORMATION.

TAKE TIME TO READ AND UNDERSTAND THE MESS AGE.

THE SIGN IS THERE FOR YOUR P ROTECTION!

EYE PROTECTION IS REPLACEABLE – EYES ARE NOT!

To arrest fall protection, the following should be provided

(a) working platforms.

2. In special circumstances of work where the us e of working platforms are impractical,

o Wear head protection – it can save your life!

DRESSING SAFELY ISN’T BEING SILLY – IT’S BEING SENSIBLE.

o Where practicable, plan operations/tasks to eliminate exposure to dust and fumes.

Introduction: Safety Shoes is used for Foot Prot ection.

ACCIDENT OR SAFETY CHOI CE IS YOURS! P ENALTY COULD BE DEATH!

o Always STOP and Assess the gradient.

1. Stop vehicle and apply hand brake. 8. Release hand brake.

SOME TIMES YOU DON’T GET A S ECOND CHANCE!

o During slippery conditions stoppin g distances can triple.

o Always use your seatbelt.

YOUR SAFETY MEANS SAFETY OF YOUR FAMILY.

YOUR SAFETY MEANS SAFET Y OF YOUR FAMILY.

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