THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Have/has + V3

1) Действие завершено к определенному моменту в настоящем, имеется результат.

I've never met him before.
An action is connected with the moment of speaking :
a) directly (actions began in the past and haven’t finished by now )
He has played football for five years.
I haven't seen him since summer (we left school).
b) indirectly by the result:
The taxi has arrived. (It is outside the house now). They have arrived by now.
She has already seen this film.
c) the period of time when the action was performed isn’t yet over at the moment of
speaking: I’ve seen her this week (today).
2) with non-continuous verbs in Present Perfect Continuous
I have known him for three years.
3) in future: будущее завершенное действие – in clauses of time and condition
After I have read the book, I’ll give it to you.

THE PRESENT PERFECT СONTINUOUS TENSE

Have/ has been V+ing

The action began before the moment of speech and is still going on.

I have been studying for three hours. How long have you been studying?
since the morning. Since when have you been studying?
since I returned.
THE PAST PERFECT TENSE
Had + V3
1) for an action which happened before another past action or before a stated time in the past.
She had finished work when she met her friends for coffee
The Past Perfect Tense показывает, что действие завершилось к моменту в прошлом.
Этот момент может быть обозначен обстоятельством времени (а) или другим
прошедшим действием (в).
(а) We had finished the work by 5 о 'clock yesterday.
(в) When I came, the guests had already left.
2) for an action which finished in the past and whose result was visible in the past.
He was happy. He had signed an important contract (The action finished in the past and its
result was visible in the past, too )
3) is used after conjuctions “hardly/scarcely….when”, “no sooner….than”. The order of words
is inverted and the predicate goes before the subject:
Direct word order: Не had hardly done it when they came. He успел он сделать это, как они
пришли.
 Inversion: Hardly had he done it when they came. Едва он успел сделать это, как они
пришли.
No sooner had they arrived than the knocking was heard.

THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Had been + V+ing

1) for an action which started before a stated time or another past action in the past,
continued up to that moment or stopped just before it
They had been looking for a house for six months before they found one they liked.
2) for an action which lasted for some time in the past and whose result was visible in the
past.
Last Friday Ron had to fly to New York His flight was delayed. He was annoyed. He had
been waiting at
the airport for three hours (He waited at the airport for three hours and
the result of the action was visible in the past, too )
I had been driving for ten hours, so I felt exhausted (The action — had been driving - lasted
for some time in the past The result –felt exhausted- was also visible in the past)

**TASK 24. Fill in “for” or “since” in the sentences below.

Part 1
1. I have lived in this village __for____ 20 years ___since___ I was born.
2. It has been raining __for____ hours __since____ morning. I wish it would stop.
3. My father has been the manager of this firm __since____ I remember myself.
4. _since_____ I moved to Kharkiv, I have been much happier.
5. Have you been waiting __for____ a long time? - I have been waiting for you __ since____
four o'clock.
6. She hasn't bought a new coat __for____ three years.
7. Karen has been on the phone __since____ I came home.
Part 2
Cleaning the attic(чердак), Mr. Leighton found some of his old diaries(дневники). He is
reading them and speaking to himself.
‘Hm, I moved to Horton in 1965 when I got married. It means that I have lived in this
town __for____ (1) twenty-two years. My wife last saw her older sister Sarah, when she went to
Australia. It means that they haven’t seen each other __since____ (2) 1970.
My father started collecting coins when he retires(ушёл в отставку). Oh, my! He has been
collecting them _for_____ (3) 17 years.
My mother stopped driving her car when her eyesight failed six years ago. She hasn’t driven
__since____ (4) she almost(едва) crashed her car against(перед) a tree.
My daughter Jan has been dating her boy-friend __since____ (5) she met him at her first year at
university. She also hasn’t eaten meat _since_____ (6) that time as her future husband is a
vegetarian.
My son Len began to wear glasses(очки) eight years ago when he started having severe
headaches(сильная/резкая головная боль). Poor boy, he has been wearing them __since____
(7) his sixth form.
I bought my present car when I changed my job. Oh, I have had it __for____ (8) more than 15
years. It’s high time to change it, I think.
My gosh, I’ve been reading these old diaries __for____ (9) already three hours __since____
(10) I found this old chest(сундук) here. My wife will kill me!
***TASK 26. Translate into English.
1. Ви вже бачили нову версію фільму «Титанік»? – Ще ні. А ви вважаєте, його варто
подивитися? Кінець фільму усім відомий – корабель тоне і багато людей гине.
Фільм дуже драматичний, і його не можна назвати розважальним. – У цьому я з
вами згоден, але все ж таки я би порадив вам його подивитися. У ньому грають
хороші артисти, там чудові спецефекти та талановита операторська робота.
2. Два роки тому моя подруга поїхала вчитися в Австралію, і с тих пір я отримала від
неї тільки два листа. Мені здається, вона знайшла собі нових друзів і, певно, не
повернеться назад.
3. Я чув, ти збираєшся стати великим художником. – Так, я вже купив собі велику
студію та відпустив довге волосся і бороду.
4. У мене зупинився годинник. Скажіть, будь ласка, котра зараз година. – 25 хвилин
на другу. – О, боже, я запізнився на заняття. Скільки суконь твоя мати пошила з
початку червня? – Важко сказати. Усі мої подруги попросили її пошити їм сукні до
випускного вечора. – А твою сукню вона вже закінчила? – Ти не повіриш, у неї не
вистачає на це часу!
5. Сандра, ти вже погодувала кота? – Так. – Тоді я не розумію, чому він ходить за
мною і так жалібно нявкає. – Він за тобою скучив і хоче, щоб ти взяла його на
руки. Він тебе не бачив цілий тиждень.

**TASK 27. Fill in the gaps with the words from the box below. Sometimes more than one
answer is possible.
1.recently 3.since 5.yet 7.for 8.always 9.ever
2.already 4.so far 6.just 10.How long…?
1. Has Tom finished his exams ___5_____? – No. He finishes them next Thursday.
2. ______10__ has Janet been working at the hospital? – She has been working there
__3______ she left school.
3. How are you finding your new job? – Great. I haven't had any problems ____4____.
4. Is John at home, please? – No, I'm afraid he's __2______ gone out.
5. Have you been waiting long? – Yes, I've been here ___7_____ two hours.
6. Has Martin ____9____ been to Spain? – No, I don't think so.
7. Have you spoken to Matthew ___6_____? – Yes. I phoned him last night.
8. Can you do the washing–up for me, please? – Don't worry. Mike has ____2____ done it.
9. Lucy has ___2_____ been musical, hasn't she? – Yes, she started playing the piano when
she was five years old.
10. Shall we go to that new restaurant tonight? – Yes. I have ___1_____ been there. It's
really nice.
11. Your dog's been barking ____7____ three hours! – I'm sorry. I'll take him inside.
12. Have you finished reading that book ____5____? – No, I've ___6_____ started it.
 *TASK 28. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect
Continuous.
Part 1
1. How long you ________ (to know) Alison? – We ________ (to be) friends since we
were children.
2. Who ________ (to use) the car? – I was. Is there a problem? – Yes, it won’t start!
3. I (not to see) David and Andrew since morning. Where are they? – They ________ (to
work) in the garden for three hours.
4. Why is Sally upset? – She ________ (to lose) her bag.
5. I always ________ (to believe) that exercise is good for you. – Of course, it's good to keep
fit.
6. Emily ________ (to teach) maths since she left university. – Yes, and she's a very good
teacher, too.
7. Fred ________ (to open) a new shop. – Really? Where is it?
8. This pie is delicious. – Is it? I ________ (not to taste) it yet.
9. You (to find) your umbrella yet? – No, I ________ (to look) for it for an hour now.
10. You look exhausted. – Well. I ________ (to clean) the windows since 8 o'clock this
morning.
11. Can 1 have some more lemonade, please? – Sorry, your brother just ________ (to drink) it
all.
12. Have you got new neighbours? – Yes, they just ________ (to move) to the area.
13. Tortoises live to be very old. – Yes, I ________ (to hear) of one which is over a hundred
years old.
14. Are you still busy? – Yes, I ________ (to read) this article for an hour and I still ________
(not to finish) it.
15. Why are your shoes wet? – I ________ (to wash) the car.
16. You ________ (to make) plans for Saturday yet? – Yes, we are going to the movies.
17. Are you ready for the concert? – I hope so. I ________ (to practise) for weeks.