MODAL

AUXILIRIES
BY : RISING PKN STAN
MODAL AUXILIRIES

Modals Auxiliries adalah kata kerja bantu (auxuliary Verb) yang

memberi tambahan arti pada kalimat. Kata-kata ini digunakan untuk
menyatakan apa yang pembicara rasa penting, dianjurkan,
diperbolehkan, disarankan, kemungkinan atau perkiraan.
 Modals diletakkan didepan kata kerja
 Modals sebagai tambahan kata harus langsung diikuti oleh Verb
1
 Modals tidak pernah berakhiran –s, meskipun subjeknya he,
she atau it
Pernyataan Kewajiban:

A. Must → All applicants must take an entrance exam. (wajib)

B. Have to → All applicants have to take an entrance exam. (harus)
Keduanya menyatakan keharusan. Must lebih kuat dibandingkan have
to.

C. Had to → I had to study last night. (dulu wajib sekarang tidak)

D. Have/Has got to → Have got to atau has got to digunakan
untuk menyampaikan keharusan yang berasal dari pihak luar dan
bersifat lebih informal. Contohnya, “You have got to accompany
me to see ms. Sarah.”
Pernyataan Ketidakharusan atau
Larangan
 You musn’t tell anyone my secret, promise? → Must not
menyatakan larangan
 Tomorrow is holiday. We don’t have to go to school.
 I can hear you. You needn’t shout. → Keduanya menyatakan
ketidakharusan (tidak perlu)
Penganjuran / Saran
A. Should → You should study harder
 Menyatakan saran yang sifatnya alternative. Dalam kalimat negative,
bentuknya shouldn’t
B. Ought to → Drivers ought to obey the speed limit.
 Menyatakan saran yang sifatnya imbauan tegas. Tidak digunakan dalam
kalimat negative. Lebih kuat dibandingkan should.
C. Had better → The gas tank is almost empty. We had better stop at the
next service station.
 Menyatakan saran yang sifatnya kuat sebagai peringatan agar tidak
terjadi sesuatu yang buruk (ada konsekuensi). Dalam kalimat negative,
bentuknya had better not. Polanya bukan merupakan simple past.
 Pernyataan Keyakinan : Waktu
Sekarang
Teacher : “Why isn’t Joni in classs?”
Student :
 “He may be sick/He might be sick/He
could be sick.” (Perhaps, I’m only
making, a guess. I don’t really know. He
may be at home watching TV. He might be
at home watching TV. He might be at the
library. He could out of town. I’m less than
50% sure about all that possibilities.
 “He must be sick.” → (he is in class
every day, but when I saw him last night,
he wasn’t feeling good. So my best guess
is that he is sick today. I can’t think of
another possibility. I’m 95% sure)
 “He is sick.” → (I’m 100% sure about it,
his sister called me this morning).
 Pernyataan Ketidakyakinan :
Waktu Sekarang
 Student 1 : Why isn’t Della eating?
 Student 2 : “Della might not be
hungry.” (I don’t know why she isn’t
eating her food. I’m less than 50%
sure about it).
 Student 3 : “Della musn’t be
hungry.” (It’s impossible! I just saw
her eat a huge meal. I’m 99% sure
about it).
 Della : “Hi guys, I am not hungry.”
(I’m 100% sure about it).
Past Modals
 Past Modals harus langsung diikuti oleh have + V3 atau have been
+ adjective
 Contoh :
Should
 I had a test this morning. I didn’t do well on the test because I didn’t study for
it last night. I should have studied last night. -> penyesalan dari kejadian
lampau
 We went to the movie, but it was a bad movie. We wasted our time and money.
We shouldn’t have gone to the movie.
Could
A : I failed my math class.
B : You could have talked to your teacher or you could have asked Anna
to help you with your math lesson or maybe I could have tried to help you.
Past Modals
Should
digunakan untuk menyarankan satu hal, sedangkan could untuk
saran yang lebih dari satu.
Could have + V3 >
menunjukkan saran-saran yang dilakukan di masa lampau.
Could + V1 >
menerangkan sesuatu yang hanya bisa dilakukan di masa lampau
contoh: I could run fast
 Pernyataan Keyakinan : Waktu
Lampau
Teacher : “Why waisn’t Edo in classs?”
Student :
 She was sick. (100% sure)
 She must have been sick. (95% sure)
 She could have been sick. (less than
50% sure)
 Pernyataan Ketidakyakinan : Waktu
Lampau
A : Why didn’t Dewa eat?
B:
 Dewa wasn’t hungry. (100% sure)
 Dewa can’t have been hungry. (99% sure)
 Dewa musn’t have been hungry. (95% sure)
 Dewa might not have been hungry. (95%
sure)