University of Baghdad Subject: Electronics I

College of Engineering Second Class 2020-2021

Department of Electrical Eng. Dr. Ismael Shanan Desher

Electronic Lecture 3: AC BJT Analysis (Boylestad Ch 5)

3. CE Emitter Amplifier with Bypass Capacitor
EXAMPLE 5.2 For the network of Fig. 5.28:
a. Determine re.
b. Find Zi (with ro = ∞Ω).
c. Calculate Zo (with ro = ∞Ω).
d. Determine Av (with ro = ∞Ω).
e. Repeat parts (c) and (d) including ro = 50 kΩ in all calculations and compare results.
Ans. a.
DC analysis: is the same as in Chapter 4.
i.e. Applying Thevenin Theorem and finding
Vth and Rth as we have done in Ch. 4 then
We find the current IE to find re. But, in this
example the condition is satisfied then we
don't apply Thevenin and directly we find VB

b. To find Zi, we draw the equivalent ac circuit and replace Tr. by its re model dpending
on the Figure 5.28 and not on the figure ((if we applied Thevenin Th.)). As shown below
''' Rmember: All DC Voltage sources are grounded and all capacitors are short circuit""
 Note the absence of RE due to the low-impedance shorting effect of the bypass
capacitor, CE . That is, at the frequency (or frequencies) of operation, the reactance of
the capacitor is so small compared to RE that it is treated as a short circuit across RE .

R' = 7.15 kΩ and Zi = 1.35 kΩ

c. Zo with ro = ∞ i.e as we mentioned in example 1, Zo is calculated when Vi = 0 V
then Zo = Rc = 6.8 kΩ
if ro = 50 kΩ then Zo = Rc//ro = 5.98 kΩ
d. Av ? with ro = ∞

= − = − ……. (1)
= ….... (2)
By dividing 1 by 2
− −
= = = =− .

With ro = 50 kΩ
−( // ) − //
= = = =− .

There was a measurable difference in the results for Zo and Av , because the condition
≥ was not satisfied.
 4. CE Emitter Amplifier without Bypass Capacotor (Unbypassed)
EXAMPLE 5.3 For the network of Fig. 5.32 , without CE (unbypassed), determine:

a. re .
b. Zi (if ro = ∞) .
c. Zo (if ro = ∞). RC

d. Av (if ro = ∞) RB
e. Repeat b, c and d if ro = 40 kΩ

RE

Ans:
a. re is calculated from DC analysis
 b. AC analysis ( ro = ∞)

Applying Kirchhoff’s voltage law to the input side of Fig. 5.30 results in

Zb = β(re + RE)
Zb = 67.92 kΩ
Zi = RB // Zb = 59.34 kΩ
c. Zo with Vi = 0 V, Ib = 0, and βIb can be replaced by an open-circuit equivalent. The
result is
Zo = RC = 2.2 kΩ
d. Av
Vo = - Rc Io = - Rc β Ib ……(1)
Vi = Zb Ib ………..(2)
Dividing Eqn 1 by 2 then
− − −
= = = = =− .
( + ) ( + )
e. Now, with ro = 40 kΩ ((due to RE the Solution is completely different and complicated))
i. First draw the new circuit with ro

ro

ii. Find Zi ?
Zi = RB // Zb
Zb = ?
To find Zb, it is so cmplicated. So, in this case, even the value of ro is given, we apply the
condition which is always valid in such problem. The condition is:
≥ ( + ) , in this case we treat the question without ro.
For our problem
ro = 40 kΩ
10 (RC + RE) = 10 * (2.2 k + 0.56 k) = 10 * 2.76 k = 27.6 kΩ
Then the condition is applied and we can solve the problem as it is treated.
 5. Emitter-Follower Amplifier
Example 5.7: For the emitter-follower network of Fig. 5.39 , determine:
a. re .
b. Zi .
c. Zo .
d. Av .
e. Repeat parts (b) through (d) with ro = 25 kΩ and compare results.
a. DC analysis

b. AC analysis
we draw the ac circuit and replace Tr. with
its re model as shown
Zi = RB // Zb
Vi = β re Ib + RE (1 + β) Ib
Zb = Vi / Ib = β re + RE (1 + β)
= β (re + RE) = 334.56 kΩ
Then Zi = RB // Zb = 132.72 kΩ

c. Zo with Vi = 0 V then RB is canceled

between 2 ground.
Then we can draw the following circuit to calculate Zo
Zo = Vo / Io
At the node e, the sum of total current
Io + βIb + Ib – Ie = 0
Io = Ie - βIb - Ib = Ie - (β + 1 )Ib
Io ≈ Ie - βIb …………… 1
Vo = Ie RE , Ie = Vo / RE …….2 e Io

Vo = - Ib βre , Ib = -Vo / βre ..….3

Ib β re
Vo
Now, substitute 2 and 3 in 1

= + = +

= = = // = . Ω≈
+

d. Av, from figure 5.37

Vo = Ie RE = (β + 1)Ib RE ≈ βIb RE ………….. 1
Vi = Ib βre + (β + 1)Ib RE ≈ Ib βre + βIb RE = Ib β (re + RE) ………… 2
Dividing 1 over 2 give

= = = = . ≈
( + ) +
Noting that the
1. Vo and Vi are inphase in Emitter follower Amplifier.
2. Av ≈ 1
***** Effect of ro?
ro is between e and c and c is related to
ground
so, we can redraw the figure as shown
below ro

and finally, ro // RE
since, ro is often larger than RE i.e
ro ≥ 10 RE is satisfied.
then all the result above are valid
and you can repeat the calculation above
by replacing RE with ro // RE
ro
RE // ro