DE LA SALLE LIPA

COLLEGE OF INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY AND
ENGINEERING

ECELEC4 –
Communications
Engineering
Design
DESIGN ACTIVITY MANUAL

ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Group 4 – T5B

Alcayde, John Aurel

Custudio, Lance Edward
Gallares, Elijah Danielle
Magalona, Jay-ar
Marcos, Raynie Lita
Palado, Darvin
Quinto, Mirasol
Sanchez, Brian
 DE LA SALLE LIPA
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
ECELEC4 – COMMUNICATIONS DESIGN ACTIVITY MANUAL

DESIGN ACTIVITY #5: DESIGN METHODOLOGY #2 - CENTRAL OFFICES

I. OBJECTIVES
1. To determine the number of central offices needed for the design.
2. To plot the centroids per barangay of the chosen location and the centroid
of the central office.

II. DISCUSSION
Central Offices are places or establishments that are used to house the
equipment in telephone exchanges. Each of them serve a potential geographical
area. The following activity will show how an area is divided in accordance with the
number of central offices based on the data gathered and previous computations.
To do this, we need to determine the number of central offices needed
based on the demand. Then we need to plot and find the centroids of each of the
barangays. The division is based on the geographical location and the projected
number of demands on the projected year.
To determine the coordinates of a Central Office, the centroids of each
barangay enclosed in each of the regions are determined by multiplying the
barangays total demand (TD) with its X and Y coordinates.
The resulting X and Y coordinates of each barangay’s centroid are then
added up. The values obtained are then divide by the total demand of the region
covered by the said central office. The obtained value of the X and Y coordinates
determines the centroid.

NUMBER OF CENTRAL OFFICES

To determine the number of central offices needed for the telephone
network, use the TD obtained in the previous activity and divide it by 30,000
(maximum capacity of every exchange) ten round it up to the higher integer value.
Example, if there is a TD of 143,350 in the target location then the number of COs
would be 143,350/30,000 or 4.7783 which can be rounded up to 5.

CENTROID OF CO
To determine the centroid of a given CO, use the following formula:
X = [{TD1*(X1)} + {TD2*(X2)} +…+ {TDn*(Xn)}]/[TD1 + TD2 +…+ TDn]
Y = [{TD1*(Y1)} + {TD2*(Y2)} +…+ {TDn*(Yn)}]/[TD1 + TD2 +…+ TDn]

III. COMPONENTS NEEDED

ITEM NO. DESCRIPTION QUANTITY
1 PC or Laptop 1set
2 Paper and pen 1set
3 Access to the Internet
4 Scientific Calculator 1 pc

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COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
ECELEC4 – COMMUNICATIONS DESIGN ACTIVITY MANUAL

IV. PROCEDURE
1. Compute the number of central offices based on the demand.
2. Secure a map of your chosen target area and draw horizontal and vertical
grid lines. These grid lines may be separated by an inch or some
centimeters. Number them from 1 to n, both horizontally and vertically
(that will serve as your X and Y coordinates). Locate the centroid of each
barangay and plot it on the map. Take note of their X and Y coordinates.
3. Based on the number of COs computed, subdivide your area into regions
equivalent to the number of COs. Just remember that the subdivision by
regions are comprise of contiguous barangays .
4. Create a table for each region with the designated CO. Label it as Table
5.1 to Table 5.n. So if there are 5 regions, there will be five tables and five
maps.
5. Determine the X and Y coordinate per region.
6. Repeat the procedure for all other regions. List them down on List 5.1.
7. Make a summary of centroids indicating the CO number, its location
(Barangay designation), X- and Y- coordinates
V. DATA AND RESULTS

TABLE 5.1: CENTROIDS OF BARANGAYS in CO1

HOUSEHOLD X Y
BARANGAY TD * X TD * Y
POPULATION Coordinate Coordinate

Sapangbato 2193 9 16.5 31,221.81 57,239.985

Margot 1048 18.5 17.8 53,783.015 51,747.982

Anunas 4182 20.2 14.5 129,411.704 92,894.54

Cuayan 2073 20.3 11.9 149,574.054 87,681.342

Malabanias 6635 27.5 17 270,229.575 167,051.01

Amsic 2876 27 14.1 199,622.07 106,465.104

Pampang 4084 27 12 154,673.55 68,743.8

TOTAL 23,091 149.5 103.8 988,515.778 631,823.763

LIST 5.1: CENTROID OF CO1

X1 = 22.93563
Y1 = 14.65963

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COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
ECELEC4 – COMMUNICATIONS DESIGN ACTIVITY MANUAL

TABLE 5.2: CENTROIDS OF BARANGAYS in CO2

HOUSEHOLD X Y
BARANGAY TD * X TD * Y
POPULATION Coordinate Coordinate

Cutcut 5569 29.2 8.1 216,530.848 60,065.064

Santa
1007 30.8 10 73,012.324 23,705.3
Trinidad

San Nicolas 685 32 9 72,330.56 20,342.97

Santo
980 32.5 7.7 73,460.725 17,404.541
Rosario

San Jose 1116 33.4 6.5 87,084.822 16,686.912

Santo
3539 34 4.3 171,997.84 21,752.668
Domingo

Lourdes
1979 31.8 10.5 96,420.144 31,836.84
North West

TOTAL 14,875 223.7 56.1 790,837.263 191,794.295

LIST 5.2: CENTROID OF CO2

X2 = 31.02872
Y2 = 7.52510

TABLE 5.3: CENTROIDS OF BARANGAYS in CO3

HOUSEHOLD X Y
BARANGAY TD * X TD * Y
POPULATION Coordinate Coordinate

Balibago 8017 33 16.7 315,072.12 159,445.588

Ninoy Aquino 2332 34.5 13 110,886.105 41,783.17

Salapungan 1089 34.5 11.5 80,784.855 26,928.285

Virgen Delos
330 33.1 12.2 61,024.815 22,492.53
Remedios

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COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
ECELEC4 – COMMUNICATIONS DESIGN ACTIVITY MANUAL

Claro
796 33.2 11.5 70,169.196 24,305.595
M.Recto

Agapito Del
646 32.5 10.4 76,381.175 24,441.976
Rosario

TOTAL 13,210 200.8 75.3 714,318.266 299,397.144

LIST 5.3: CENTROID OF CO

X3 = 33.36269
Y3 = 13.98353

TABLE 5.4: CENTROIDS OF BARANGAYS in CO4

HOUSEHOLD X Y
BARANGAY TD * X TD * Y
POPULATION Coordinate Coordinate

Lourdes Sur
948 34 10.2 79215.58 23764.674
East

Lourdes Sur 959 33 9.5 76852.05 22124.075

Mining 637 37.8 10 84906.36 22462

Santo Cristo 844 36 9.5 79397.28 20952.06

Pulungbulu 2440 36.5 7.5 132685.165 27264.075

Capaya 1774 42 10.5 128285.64 32071.41

TOTAL 7,062 219.3 57.2 581,342.075 148,638.294

LIST 5.4: CENTROID OF CO4

X4 = 36.79373
Y4 = 9.40747

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COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
ECELEC4 – COMMUNICATIONS DESIGN ACTIVITY MANUAL

TABLE 5.5: CENTROIDS OF BARANGAYS in CO5

HOUSEHOLD X Y
BARANGAY TD * X TD * Y
POPULATION Coordinate Coordinate

Pulung
3613 37 16.5 189073.7 84316.65
Maragul

Pandan 4120 37 13 235927.54 82893.46

Pulung
4778 40 17 265442 112812.85
Cacutud

Tabun 2183 40 12.5 254468 79521.25

Cutud 4635 43.5 18.5 308768.655 131315.405

Sapalibutad 2540 43.5 14.5 205278.675 68426.225

1,458,958.5
TOTAL 21,869 241 92 559,285.84
7

LIST 5.5: CENTROID OF CO

X5 = 40.18989
Y5 = 15.40663

PLOT OF THE CENTRAL OFFICES

5
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COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
ECELEC4 – COMMUNICATIONS DESIGN ACTIVITY MANUAL

VI. QUESTIONS

1. Why is it important to determine the location of each central office?

The importance of determining the location of a central office is to find the
coverage area of a central office in a certain location. With this, there will be
efficiency in telephone networks since each central office is placed in an area
with many viable subscribers.
2. If we arbitrarily locate our COs, what do you think will be its impact on the
network design?
Arbitrarily locating Central Offices will impact the efficiency of the
network design. It is possible that the selected location of COs do not have
many subscribers and the services provided will not be put in good use.

3. Will the horizontal and vertical scaling be a factor if we do not make them
proportional? Why?
The horizontal and vertical scaling would be a factor since different COs
in a specific location should have proportional area with each other. The
coverage of areas and network design will be affected if there will be
inequalities between horizontal and vertical scaling.

VII. CONCLUSION
A central office is a building to which subscriber home and business lines
are connected on a local loop. In order to determine the number of central offices
for the proposed telephone network, total demand must be obtained and in our
case it was 145,000.59 and by dividing it by 30,000 it yields 4.83 as a result. By
rounding off the result would be 5 which would determine the number of central
offices

To plot for the centroid of each barangay their X and Y coordinates must
be obtained. While to plot for the centroid of the central office, it can be obtained
by getting the summation of the product of the total demand for every barangay
and their X and Y coordinates then dividing it by the summation of TD in every
barangay.

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COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
ECELEC4 – COMMUNICATIONS DESIGN ACTIVITY MANUAL

VIII. RECOMMENDATION

After conducting the experiment, the following are the recommendations of the
group based on assessment and evaluation:

1. In order to determine the appropriate location for a central office, it is

necessary to analyze the population growth and economic development of certain
barangay to determine which area has many viable subscribers to produce a wide
coverage of service and efficiency in telephone networks.
2. Use a certain application in plotting the centroid for the barangay and
centroid of the central office. Every miscalculation to the plotting of the horizontal
and vertical scaling will lead to improper location and cause coverage inequalities.
3. In order to provide reliable and factual data, every member must know how
to distinguish which information is true and not. It is advised to refer to journals,
websites and other sources which have valid statistics.
4. Every member must understand the different concepts being tackled in the
experiment and must be given their own tasks. Labour must be divided equally
within the group.