DE LA SALLE LIPA

COLLEGE OF INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY AND
ENGINEERING

ECELEC4 –
Communications
Engineering
Design
DESIGN ACTIVITY MANUAL

ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

GROUP 2
Leader: De Gala, Cassandra Aila
Members: Arguelles, Maria Daniela
Cena, Crisse Micaela
Garcia, Raziel Anne
Maglinao, Lara Carmela
Martin, Dean Paul
Samonte, Maicah Feliz
Toreja, Razelle Joy
 DE LA SALLE LIPA
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
ECELEC4 – COMMUNICATIONS DESIGN ACTIVITY MANUAL

DESIGN ACTIVITY #5: DESIGN METHODOLOGY #2 - CENTRAL OFFICES

I. OBJECTIVES
1. To determine the number of central offices needed for the design.
2. To plot the centroids per barangay of the chosen location and the centroid of the
central office.

II. DISCUSSION

Central Offices are places or establishments that are used to house the equipment
in telephone exchanges. Each of them serves a potential geographical area. The following
activity will show how an area is divided in accordance with the number of central offices
based on the data gathered and previous computations.

To do this, we need to determine the number of central offices needed based on

the demand. Then we need to plot and find the centroids of each of the barangays. The
division is based on the geographical location and the projected number of demands on
the projected year.

To determine the coordinates of a Central Office, tne centroids of each barangay

enclosed in each of the regions are determined by multiplying the barangays total demand
(TD) with its X and Y coordinates.

The resulting X and Y coordinates of each barangay’s centroid are then added up.
The values obtained are then divide by the total demand of the region covered by the said
central office. The obtained value of the X and Y coordinates determines the centroid.

NUMBER OF CENTRAL OFFICES

To determine the number of central offices needed for the telephone

network, use the TD obtained in the previous activity and divide it by 30,000
(maximum capacity of every exchange) ten round it up to the higher integer value.
Example, if there is a TD of 143,350 in the target location then the number of COs
would be 143,350/30,000 or 4.7783 which can be rounded up to 5.

CENTROID OF CO

To determine the centroid of a given CO, use the following formula:

X = [{TD1(X1)} + {TD2*(X2)} +…+ {TDn*(Xn)}]/[TD1 + TD2 +…+ TDn]

Y = [{TD1*(Y1)} + {TD2*(Y2)} +…+ {TDn*(Yn)}]/[TD1 + TD2 +…+ TDn]

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 DE LA SALLE LIPA
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
ECELEC4 – COMMUNICATIONS DESIGN ACTIVITY MANUAL

III. COMPONENTS NEEDED

ITEM NO. DESCRIPTION QUANTITY

1 PC or Laptop 1set
2 Paper and pen 1set
3 Access to the Internet
4 Scientific Calculator 1 pc

IV. PROCEDURES

1. Compute the number of central offices based on the demand.

2. Secure a map of your chosen target area and draw horizontal and vertical grid lines.
These grid lines may be separated by an inch or some centimeters. Number them from
1 to n, both horizontally and vertically (that will serve as your X and Y coordinates).
Locate the centroid of each barangay and plot it on the map. Take note of their X and
Y coordinates.
3. Based on the number of COs computed, subdivide your area into regions equivalent
to the number of COs. Just remember that the subdivision by regions are comprise of
contiguous barangays.
4. Create a table for each region with the designated CO. Label it as Table 5.1 to Table
5.n. So, if there are 5 regions, there will be five tables and five maps.
5. Determine the X and Y coordinate per region.
6. Repeat the procedure for all other regions. List them down on List 5.1.
7. Make a summary of centroids indicating the CO number, its location (Barangay
designation), X- and Y- coordinates

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 DE LA SALLE LIPA
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
ECELEC4 – COMMUNICATIONS DESIGN ACTIVITY MANUAL

V. DATA AND RESULTS

Table 5.1: Centroids of Barangay in CO1

Barangay HOUSEHOLD X Y TD*X TD*Y

POPULATION COORDINATE COORDINATE

Mabato 137 2.5 3.3 1388.175 1,832.391

Bunggo 652 6.8 3.3 15,758.048 7,647.288

Hornalan 347 7.2 4.9 12,890.232 8,772.519

Laguerta 466 10 5.8 25,555.7 14,822.306

Canlubang 10,989 5.8 5.9 265,891.66 270,476

Burol 459 11.2 4.7 27,488.272 11,535.257

TOTAL 13,050 43.5 27.9 348,972.09 315,085.76

List 5.1 Centroid of CO

TD1∗(X1)} + {TD2∗(X2)} +⋯+ {TDn∗(Xn)

X=
TD1 + TD2 +⋯+ TDn

TD1∗(Y1)} + {TD2∗(Y2)} +⋯+ {TDn∗(Yn)

Y=
TD1 + TD2 +⋯+ TDn

X1= 6.285949
Y1=5.675563

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 DE LA SALLE LIPA
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
ECELEC4 – COMMUNICATIONS DESIGN ACTIVITY MANUAL

Table 5.2: Centroids of Barangay in CO2

Barangay HOUSEHOLD X Y TD*X TD*Y

POPULATION COORDINATE COORDINATE

Mapagong 1203 15.8 14.8 95918.366 89906.596

Mapayapa 5242 15.1 11 394501.241 287385.01

San Cristobal 2738 17.7 12.9 218793.063 159459.35

Paciano Rizal 3016 16.5 11.4 260478.9 179967.24

Parian 4416 18.3 11.5 365781.498 229862.69

Lawa 2237 18 10.4 20388.18 117800.9

Batino 255 16.2 10.1 17479.8 10897.9

Sirang Lupa 1761 12.6 9.8 98618.94 76703.62

Total 20868 130.2 91.9 1655520.99 1151983.3

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 DE LA SALLE LIPA
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
ECELEC4 – COMMUNICATIONS DESIGN ACTIVITY MANUAL

List 5.2 Centroid of CO

TD1∗(X1)} + {TD2∗(X2)} +⋯+ {TDn∗(Xn)

X=
TD1 + TD2 +⋯+ TDn

TD1∗(Y1)} + {TD2∗(Y2)} +⋯+ {TDn∗(Yn)

Y=
TD1 + TD2 +⋯+ TDn

X2= 16.46147
Y2=11.45461

Table 5.3: CENTROIDS OF BARANGAY in CO3

BBARANGAY HOUSEHOLD X Coordinate Y Coordinate TD*X TD*Y

POPULATION
Majada 1,294 12.6 9 84667.968 60477.12
Palo-Alto 3,042 13.6 8.1 245649.456 146305.93
Barandal 2,505 15.4 8.7 433616.568 244965.2
Prinza 748 16.8 7.9 48831.888 22962.614
Turbina 1,050 16.7 7.8 85439.204 39905.736
Punta 835 14.9 6.5 61402.155 26786.175
Bubuyan 433 13.1 5.6 30564.003 13065.528
Kay-anlog 2,789 13.7 4.1 829855.58 248350.94
Ulango 154 14.8 3 8439.108 1710.63
Makiling 2,152 17.3 2.9 221358.344 37106.312
TOTAL 15,002 148.9 63.6 2049824.27 841636.19

X3= 14.50127
Y3=5.954068

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 DE LA SALLE LIPA
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
ECELEC4 – COMMUNICATIONS DESIGN ACTIVITY MANUAL

Table 5.4: Centroids of Barangay in CO4

HOUSEHOLD X Y
BARANGAY TD*X TD*Y
POPULATION COORDINATE COORDINATE
Uwisan 504 21.5 14.3 48,020.895 31,939.479
Banlic 2,736 19.7 13.5 239,476.746 164,108.43
Looc 4,351 22.5 13.4 608,487.525 362,388.13
Banadero 2,082 20.3 12.1 256,694.515 153,005.11
Sampiruhan 2,175 23.2 12.3 209,370.488 111,002.46
San Juan 811 21.7 11.8 73,052.616 39,724.464
Palingon 1,010 23.6 11.6 98,880.224 48,602.144
San Jose 658 22 11.1 60,057.14 30,301.557
Lingga 1,261 23 11.2 120,362.4 58,611.28
Lecheria 1,977 21.1 9.8 173,133.518 80,412.724
Halang 1,505 22.1 9 138,049.418 56,219.22
Real 3,002 18.6 9.3 231,693.504 115,846.75
Total 22,072 259.3 139.4 2,257,279.04 1,252,161.7

List 5.4: Centroid of CO

TD1 ∗ (X1)} + {TD2 ∗ (X2)} + ⋯ + {TDn ∗ (Xn)
𝑋=
TD1 + TD2 + ⋯ + TDn
TD1 ∗ (Y1)} + {TD2 ∗ (Y2)} + ⋯ + {TDn ∗ (Yn)
𝑌=
TD1 + TD2 + ⋯ + TDn

X4 = 21.38969
Y4 = 11.86532

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 DE LA SALLE LIPA
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
ECELEC4 – COMMUNICATIONS DESIGN ACTIVITY MANUAL

Table 5.5: Centroids of Barangay in CO5

HOUSEHOLD X Y
BARANGAY TD*X TD*Y
POPULATION COORDINATE COORDINATE

La Mesa 3747 19.2 7.5 298592.832 116637.83

Bucal 2896 21.4 7.7 257211.522 92548.071
Pansol 1904 23.2 6 183163.072 47369.76
Puting Lupa 370 22.3 2.9 34204.632 4448.136
Camaligan 312 18.9 3.4 24471.72 4402.32
Saimsim 1234 18.1 4.6 92706.933 23560.878
Maunong 445 19.8 5.4 36565.65 9972.45
Sucol 1111 24.5 6.4 113001.595 29518.784
Masili 756 25.1 6.9 78707.074 21636.606
Bagong 736 24.7 5.3 75443.68 16188.32
Kalsada
Total 13511 217.2 56.1 1194068.71 366283.15

List 5.5: Centroid of CO

𝑇𝐷1 ∗ (𝑋1)} + {𝑇𝐷2 ∗ (𝑋2)} + ⋯ + {𝑇𝐷𝑛 ∗ (𝑋𝑛)
𝑋=
𝑇𝐷1 + 𝑇𝐷2 + ⋯ + 𝑇𝐷𝑛
𝑇𝐷1 ∗ (𝑌1)} + {𝑇𝐷2 ∗ (𝑌2)} + ⋯ + {𝑇𝐷𝑛 ∗ (𝑌𝑛)
𝑌=
𝑇𝐷1 + 𝑇𝐷2 + ⋯ + 𝑇𝐷𝑛

X5 = 21.29768
Y4 = 6.533109

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 DE LA SALLE LIPA
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
ECELEC4 – COMMUNICATIONS DESIGN ACTIVITY MANUAL

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 DE LA SALLE LIPA
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
ECELEC4 – COMMUNICATIONS DESIGN ACTIVITY MANUAL

VI. QUESTIONS

1. Why is it important to determine the location of each central office?

It is important to determine the location of each Central Office because it will

determine how much area each central office can cover in a specific location. Determining
the optimum location of each Central Office will make the telephone networks efficient
because each central office will be located to an area with several possible subscribers.

2. If we arbitrarily locate our COs, what do you think will be its impact on
the network design?

Randomly locating or determining the location of each Central Offices without

having to strategically place it will have a very huge impact in the network design. One
huge impact is that the location that might be randomly picked might have no subscribers
that can afford or does not care with the services at all. Another impact would be the
placing of local loops because it can be wasted depending on the location of each Central
Offices.

3. Will the horizontal and vertical scaling be a factor if we do not make

them proportional? Why?

The scaling would be a factor because multiple Central Offices in an area should
have proportional distances with each other. Another is that the horizontal area coverage
might be greater than the vertical area coverage and it will have a factor in the network
design

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 DE LA SALLE LIPA
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
ECELEC4 – COMMUNICATIONS DESIGN ACTIVITY MANUAL

VII. CONCLUSION

After the completion of Design Activity 5, the students concluded that the following:

1. The group agreed to have five Central Office from the original ten Central Office
after carefully analyzing the location chosen and the household for each barangay
at the location. This is because five Central offices already cover all the location's
regions. In doing so, it is possible to simplify local loop and network design without
losing any service for each barangay.

2. The group was able to calculate and decide the position of the five central offices
for the area after carefully plotting the centroids of each barangay. The CO1, CO2,
CO3, CO4, and CO5 centroid co-ordinates were (5.68,6.29), (16.46,11.45),
(14.50,5.95), (21.39,11.87), and (21.30,6.53), respectively. Such co-ordinates will
cover most potential subscribers as each co-ordinate is calculated based on the
barangay centroids and the barangay household population.

VIII. RECOMMENDATION

1. The past data and computation must be accurate in order to attain the most preferable
location of the Central Office.
2. For the computation of the Central Office, the necessary data and given values should
be reliable and accurate.
3. The instructions in attaining the Central Office should be discreetly followed in order
to obtain an accurate result on the number of Central Offices and to pinpoint the proper
location of the centroid.
4. An actual map of the chosen place is also recommended, wherein a grid would be
placed over the map in order to better pinpoint the centroid of each barangay.

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